Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of giving directions and advice in Spanish with confidence and clarity.
- Distinguish between informal tú and formal usted commands.
- Conjugate irregular imperative stems correctly.
- Form negative commands using the subjunctive switch.
学べること
Give commands in tú, usted, and nosotros forms, including irregular and negative imperatives.
-
スペイン語の不規則命令形:8つの短縮形 (Tú)友達に自然なスペイン語で「〜して!」と伝えたい時に、この8つの短い不規則な命令形を覚えると、会話がぐっとスムーズになりますよ!「Ven」「Di」「Haz」
-
スペイン語の否定命令 (Tú): 「~するな」の言い方友達に「〜するな」って言うときは、動詞の語尾の母音を入れ替えるイメージだよ。「AR」は「E」に、「ER/IR」は「A」に変わるんだ。
-
親しい人への命令:肯定のTú命令形友達に何かを頼む時は、「彼/彼女」の現在形を使うのがポイントだよ。「él/ella」の現在形を思い出してね!
-
スペイン語の丁寧な命令形 (Usted/Ustedes)「丁寧な命令形」は、丁寧な指示やアドバイスをするときに使います。AR動詞には「-e」、ER/IR動詞には「-a」という「反対の語尾」を使うのがポイントです。
-
不規則な8つの動詞:短い命令形 (haz, di, ven)8つの短くて不規則な命令形(
hazやdi)をマスターして、カジュアルなスペイン語で自然な指示を出せるようになろう! -
しないで! (tú の否定命令形)友達に「〜するな」と伝える時は、「no」と、動詞の「yo」形の語幹に「反対の現在形語尾」をつけます。
-
スペイン語のカジュアルな命令形:友達に指示を出す方法 (Túの命令形)「túコマンド」は、友達に何かを「して!」と伝える時に使う、親しい命令形です。動詞の「él/ella」現在形と同じ形になることが多いですよ。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Use the eight irregular short-form commands naturally in conversation.
チャプターガイド
Overview
come here (ven aquí), instructing someone politely to speak slowly (hable despacio), or suggesting "let's eat" (comamos), these forms are indispensable for everyday communication and interacting effectively in Spanish-speaking environments.Giving Friendly Orders: Affirmative Tú Commandsand "Don't Do It! (Negative Tú Commands)." We'll specifically cover
Spanish Irregular Commands: The 8 Short Forms (Tú)like
haz (do) and ve (go). Furthermore, you'll gain proficiency in Polite Spanish Commands (Usted/Ustedes)for more formal interactions and learn how to propose actions for a group using the
nosotros command.How This Grammar Works
Telling Friends What to Do.
The 8 Short Forms (Tú)or
Irregular Eight: Quick Commandswhich are highly common and must be memorized:
- 1Ven (venir - to come): *Ven aquí.* (Come here.)
- 2Di (decir - to say/tell): *Di la verdad.* (Tell the truth.)
- 3Sal (salir - to leave): *Sal de la casa.* (Leave the house.)
- 4Haz (hacer - to do/make): *Haz la tarea.* (Do the homework.)
- 5Ten (tener - to have): *Ten cuidado.* (Be careful.)
- 6Ve (ir - to go): *Ve al parque.* (Go to the park.)
- 7Pon (poner - to put): *Pon la mesa.* (Set the table.)
- 8Sé (ser - to be): *Sé amable.* (Be kind.)
yo form of the present tense, drop the '-o', and add the opposite vowel ending: '-es' for -AR verbs, and '-as' for -ER/-IR verbs.opposite vowel rule as negative 'tú' commands but use the endings -e/-en for usted/ustedes respectively for -AR verbs, and -a/-an for -ER/-IR verbs.no before the command form:. They generally use the sameopposite vowel" pattern, ending in -emos for -AR verbs and -amos for -ER/-IR verbs.
Common Mistakes
be careful uses the verb *tener* (to have) in the command form *ten*.Real Conversations
Dialogue 1 (Informal - Friends)
A
B
A
*Translation:*
A
B
A
Dialogue 2 (Formal - Customer Service)
A
B
A
*Translation:*
A
B
A
Dialogue 3 (Informal - Parent to Child)
A
B
A
*Translation:*
A
B
A
Quick FAQ
How do I know when to use 'tú' commands versus 'usted' commands?
Use 'tú' commands with friends, family members, children, and people your own age or younger with whom you have an informal relationship. Use 'usted' commands with strangers, elders, people in positions of authority, or in formal settings like business interactions, to show respect. When in doubt, it's safer to use 'usted' to avoid being perceived as impolite.
Are there any other irregular commands besides the Irregular Eight for 'tú' forms?
Yes, many verbs that are irregular in their 'yo' form of the present tense (like *tener* -> *tengo*, *venir* -> *vengo*, *poner* -> *pongo*) will also have irregular negative 'tú', 'usted', 'ustedes', and 'nosotros' commands because these forms are derived from the 'yo' form. The Irregular Eight specifically refers to the affirmative 'tú' commands that don't follow the 'él/ella' present indicative pattern.
What about commands with 'nosotros' (let's...)?
'Nosotros' commands are used to suggest an action for a group including yourself, meaning "Let's [do something]". For most verbs, you take the 'yo' form of the present tense, drop the '-o', and add '-emos' for -AR verbs or '-amos' for -ER/-IR verbs. For example, *hablar* becomes *¡Hablemos!* (Let's talk!), and *comer* becomes *¡Comamos!* (Let's eat!). The main exception is *ir* (to go), which is *¡Vamos!* for affirmative, but *¡No vayamos!* for negative.
How do I make any command negative?
To make a command negative, you almost always place no directly before the command form of the verb. For 'tú' commands, you'll use the opposite vowel rule (e.g., *habla* becomes *no hables*). For 'usted', 'ustedes', and 'nosotros' commands, the negative simply adds no before the standard command form (e.g., *hable* becomes *no hable*).
Cultural Context
Polite Spanish Commands (Usted/Ustedes)versus
Spanish Informal Commands: Telling Friends What to Do (Tú Commands)isn't just a grammatical exercise; it's a lesson in cultural etiquette. It’s a key indicator of your awareness of social hierarchies and relationships. When traveling or interacting with Spanish speakers, observing how locals address each other can provide valuable clues about the appropriate level of formality, helping you navigate conversations respectfully and effectively.
重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
「ヴィン・ディーゼル」の覚え方
「Yo」の形をチェック!
近道だよ!
「反対の母音」のコツ
重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
At the Café
Review Summary
- Ven, Di, Sal, Haz, Ten, Ve, Pon, Sé
よくある間違い
Negative commands require the subjunctive form, not the indicative.
Always use the imperative conjugation, not the infinitive.
Ensure the command form matches the person (tú vs usted).
このチャプターのルール (7)
Next Steps
You are doing amazing! Commands are a huge milestone in your Spanish journey.
Write a 5-step recipe for your favorite dish.
クイック練習 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
Viene a mi fiesta esta noche.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の不規則命令形:8つの短縮形 (Tú)
Find and fix the mistake:
No hablar con extraños en la calle.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の否定命令 (Tú): 「~するな」の言い方
文法的に正しい命令形を選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則な8つの動詞:短い命令形 (haz, di, ven)
Choose the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の不規則命令形:8つの短縮形 (Tú)
Find and fix the mistake:
No hables tan alto, por favor.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の丁寧な命令形 (Usted/Ustedes)
¡___ esa canción, me encanta!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 親しい人への命令:肯定のTú命令形
Choose the correct sentence to tell a group to write their names:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の丁寧な命令形 (Usted/Ustedes)
Your friend wants to buy an expensive car. Warn him.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の否定命令 (Tú): 「~するな」の言い方
Select the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 親しい人への命令:肯定のTú命令形
No _____ (abrir) la puerta todavía.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: しないで! (tú の否定命令形)
Score: /10