Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of giving directions and advice in Spanish with confidence and clarity.
- Distinguish between informal tú and formal usted commands.
- Conjugate irregular imperative stems correctly.
- Form negative commands using the subjunctive switch.
배울 내용
Give commands in tú, usted, and nosotros forms, including irregular and negative imperatives.
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스페인어 불규칙 명령형: 8가지 짧은 형태 (Tú)친구에게 자연스럽게 명령할 때 쓰는 8가지 짧은 불규칙 동사 형태를 꼭 외워두세요!
Ven,Di,Haz같은 단어들이요. -
스페인어 부정 명령 (Tú): '하지 마'라고 말하는 법친구에게 '하지 마'라고 말할 때, 동사 끝 모음을 바꿔주면 돼요: AR은
E로, ER/IR은A로요. -
친근한 명령 내리기: 긍정 Tú 명령문친구에게 친근하게 명령할 때는 동사의
él/ella현재 시제 형태를 그대로 쓰면 돼요. -
정중한 스페인어 명령문 (Usted/Ustedes)정중한 명령형은 '반대 모음' 규칙을 써서 공손하게 지시하거나 조언할 때 쓰는 마법 같은 표현이에요. «-e»는 -AR 동사에, «-a»는 -ER/-IR 동사에 붙여요.
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불규칙 8인방: 짧은 명령형 (haz, di, ven)'haz'나 'di'처럼 짧고 불규칙한 8가지 명령형을 마스터해서, 스페인어로 자연스럽고 직접적인 지시를 내려보세요!
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하지 마! (tú 부정 명령문)친구에게 «하지 마!»라고 말할 때는 'no'와 함께 'yo' 형태에서 'o'를 뺀 다음, 반대되는 현재 시제 어미를 붙여주면 돼요. 핵심은
no, «yo 형태», «반대 어미» 세 가지예요. -
스페인어 비격식 명령문: 친구에게 지시하기 (Tú 명령문)친한 친구나 동료에게 비격식적인 지시를 할 때, 긍정적인 «tú» 명령형은 동사의 'él/ella' 현재 시제 형태를 사용해요. 마치 «친구에게 말하는» 것처럼요!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use the eight irregular short-form commands naturally in conversation.
챕터 가이드
Overview
come here (ven aquí), instructing someone politely to speak slowly (hable despacio), or suggesting "let's eat" (comamos), these forms are indispensable for everyday communication and interacting effectively in Spanish-speaking environments.Giving Friendly Orders: Affirmative Tú Commandsand "Don't Do It! (Negative Tú Commands)." We'll specifically cover
Spanish Irregular Commands: The 8 Short Forms (Tú)like
haz (do) and ve (go). Furthermore, you'll gain proficiency in Polite Spanish Commands (Usted/Ustedes)for more formal interactions and learn how to propose actions for a group using the
nosotros command.How This Grammar Works
Telling Friends What to Do.
The 8 Short Forms (Tú)or
Irregular Eight: Quick Commandswhich are highly common and must be memorized:
- 1Ven (venir - to come): *Ven aquí.* (Come here.)
- 2Di (decir - to say/tell): *Di la verdad.* (Tell the truth.)
- 3Sal (salir - to leave): *Sal de la casa.* (Leave the house.)
- 4Haz (hacer - to do/make): *Haz la tarea.* (Do the homework.)
- 5Ten (tener - to have): *Ten cuidado.* (Be careful.)
- 6Ve (ir - to go): *Ve al parque.* (Go to the park.)
- 7Pon (poner - to put): *Pon la mesa.* (Set the table.)
- 8Sé (ser - to be): *Sé amable.* (Be kind.)
yo form of the present tense, drop the '-o', and add the opposite vowel ending: '-es' for -AR verbs, and '-as' for -ER/-IR verbs.opposite vowel rule as negative 'tú' commands but use the endings -e/-en for usted/ustedes respectively for -AR verbs, and -a/-an for -ER/-IR verbs.no before the command form:. They generally use the sameopposite vowel" pattern, ending in -emos for -AR verbs and -amos for -ER/-IR verbs.
Common Mistakes
be careful uses the verb *tener* (to have) in the command form *ten*.Real Conversations
Dialogue 1 (Informal - Friends)
A
B
A
*Translation:*
A
B
A
Dialogue 2 (Formal - Customer Service)
A
B
A
*Translation:*
A
B
A
Dialogue 3 (Informal - Parent to Child)
A
B
A
*Translation:*
A
B
A
Quick FAQ
How do I know when to use 'tú' commands versus 'usted' commands?
Use 'tú' commands with friends, family members, children, and people your own age or younger with whom you have an informal relationship. Use 'usted' commands with strangers, elders, people in positions of authority, or in formal settings like business interactions, to show respect. When in doubt, it's safer to use 'usted' to avoid being perceived as impolite.
Are there any other irregular commands besides the Irregular Eight for 'tú' forms?
Yes, many verbs that are irregular in their 'yo' form of the present tense (like *tener* -> *tengo*, *venir* -> *vengo*, *poner* -> *pongo*) will also have irregular negative 'tú', 'usted', 'ustedes', and 'nosotros' commands because these forms are derived from the 'yo' form. The Irregular Eight specifically refers to the affirmative 'tú' commands that don't follow the 'él/ella' present indicative pattern.
What about commands with 'nosotros' (let's...)?
'Nosotros' commands are used to suggest an action for a group including yourself, meaning "Let's [do something]". For most verbs, you take the 'yo' form of the present tense, drop the '-o', and add '-emos' for -AR verbs or '-amos' for -ER/-IR verbs. For example, *hablar* becomes *¡Hablemos!* (Let's talk!), and *comer* becomes *¡Comamos!* (Let's eat!). The main exception is *ir* (to go), which is *¡Vamos!* for affirmative, but *¡No vayamos!* for negative.
How do I make any command negative?
To make a command negative, you almost always place no directly before the command form of the verb. For 'tú' commands, you'll use the opposite vowel rule (e.g., *habla* becomes *no hables*). For 'usted', 'ustedes', and 'nosotros' commands, the negative simply adds no before the standard command form (e.g., *hable* becomes *no hable*).
Cultural Context
Polite Spanish Commands (Usted/Ustedes)versus
Spanish Informal Commands: Telling Friends What to Do (Tú Commands)isn't just a grammatical exercise; it's a lesson in cultural etiquette. It’s a key indicator of your awareness of social hierarchies and relationships. When traveling or interacting with Spanish speakers, observing how locals address each other can provide valuable clues about the appropriate level of formality, helping you navigate conversations respectfully and effectively.
주요 예문 (8)
팁과 요령 (4)
'빈 디젤' 기억법
'yo' 형태 확인하기
가장 쉬운 방법!
¡Habla!처럼요!모음 '반대로' 바꾸기 팁
Hable (hablar), Coma (comer).핵심 어휘 (5)
Real-World Preview
At the Café
Review Summary
- Ven, Di, Sal, Haz, Ten, Ve, Pon, Sé
자주 하는 실수
Negative commands require the subjunctive form, not the indicative.
Always use the imperative conjugation, not the infinitive.
Ensure the command form matches the person (tú vs usted).
이 챕터의 규칙 (7)
Next Steps
You are doing amazing! Commands are a huge milestone in your Spanish journey.
Write a 5-step recipe for your favorite dish.
빠른 연습 (10)
친구가 비싼 차를 사려고 해요. 경고해주세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 부정 명령 (Tú): '하지 마'라고 말하는 법
¡___ esa canción, me encanta!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 친근한 명령 내리기: 긍정 Tú 명령문
Find and fix the mistake:
Viene aquí ahora mismo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 불규칙 8인방: 짧은 명령형 (haz, di, ven)
문법적으로 올바른 명령형을 고르세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 불규칙 8인방: 짧은 명령형 (haz, di, ven)
문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 하지 마! (tú 부정 명령문)
Find and fix the mistake:
Viene a mi fiesta esta noche.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 불규칙 명령형: 8가지 짧은 형태 (Tú)
Choose the correct informal command:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 비격식 명령문: 친구에게 지시하기 (Tú 명령문)
Select the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 친근한 명령 내리기: 긍정 Tú 명령문
¡No ___ (comer) más dulces!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 부정 명령 (Tú): '하지 마'라고 말하는 법
Find and fix the mistake:
¡Comes la manzana!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 친근한 명령 내리기: 긍정 Tú 명령문
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
Ve a casa), '보다'의 've' 뒤에는 목적어가 와요 (Ve la tele).¡Levántate!. 이때 원래 동사의 강세를 유지하기 위해 보통 악센트 기호(~)를 붙여야 해요.