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A1 noun #3,500 よく出る 10分で読める

basura

上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント basura 30秒で

解説 basura in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'basura' is taught as a basic household noun. Students learn it in the context of daily chores and common objects. The focus is on the feminine gender ('la basura') and simple verbs like 'sacar' (to take out) or 'tirar' (to throw away). A1 learners should be able to identify a trash can ('basurero') and understand simple instructions like 'Ponlo en la basura'. The word is essential for basic survival and cohabitation, allowing learners to navigate a kitchen or a public park. Visual aids often show a simple kitchen bin or a green street container. The goal is to recognize the word in speech and use it in short, present-tense sentences. Learners also learn to distinguish it from 'papel' (paper) or 'vidrio' (glass) in the context of very basic recycling, though the complex vocabulary of environmentalism is saved for later levels.

At the A2 level, students expand their use of 'basura' to include more routine tasks and environmental awareness. They learn to use the word with more varied verbs such as 'recoger' (to pick up) and 'limpiar' (to clean). A2 learners begin to use 'basura' in the past and future tenses, describing chores they have done or will do. The concept of recycling becomes more prominent, introducing phrases like 'separar la basura' (to sort the trash). They also start to encounter the word in compound forms like 'bolsa de basura' or 'camión de la basura'. At this stage, learners can understand simple signs in public places regarding waste disposal. They might also hear the word used in a very simple metaphorical sense, such as 'comida basura' (junk food), connecting the concept of waste to health and lifestyle choices.

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At the B1 level, 'basura' moves into the realm of social and environmental discussion. Students can talk about the amount of waste produced by society and the importance of sustainability. They learn to use 'basura' in more complex sentence structures, including the subjunctive mood ('Es importante que reciclemos la basura'). B1 learners are introduced to synonyms like 'desperdicios' and 'residuos' and begin to understand the difference in register between them. They can participate in conversations about urban cleanliness and the impact of 'basura' on the local environment. The metaphorical use of 'basura' to describe poor quality media or products becomes more common in their vocabulary, allowing them to express opinions and critiques. They also learn about 'correo basura' (spam) and other modern technological applications of the word.

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At the B2 level, students use 'basura' to engage in detailed debates about public policy, ecology, and consumer culture. They can understand and use technical terms related to waste, such as 'vertedero' (landfill) or 'incineración de basura'. B2 learners can read news articles about 'la crisis de la basura' and summarize the arguments presented. They are comfortable with the word's figurative uses in politics and social criticism, such as 'periodismo basura' or 'contratos basura' (exploitative jobs). Their ability to use the word is no longer limited to physical waste; they can discuss the 'basura' of human behavior or the 'basura' of a failed ideology. They understand regional variations in the word's usage and can adapt their vocabulary to the specific Spanish-speaking country they are in, recognizing terms like 'mugre' or 'desechos' in their appropriate contexts.

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At the C1 level, 'basura' is used with nuance and stylistic flair. Students can appreciate the word in literature and high-level journalism, where it might be used to evoke specific emotions or social commentaries. They understand the etymological roots of the word and how it has evolved. C1 learners can use 'basura' in idiomatic expressions and wordplay, showing a deep cultural immersion. They can discuss the philosophy of waste—what society chooses to discard and what that says about its values. Their use of the word is precise; they know exactly when to use 'basura' versus 'inmundicia', 'porquería', or 'despojos' to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. They can write sophisticated essays on environmental ethics or urban planning, integrating the concept of 'basura' into broad socio-economic frameworks.

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At the C2 level, 'basura' is a tool for masterful communication. The speaker can use the word to navigate the most complex and abstract discussions. They can analyze the use of 'basura' in poetry or avant-garde cinema, where waste might be a central theme. C2 learners have a complete grasp of all regionalisms, slang, and archaic uses of the word. They can use it in highly formal legal or scientific contexts as easily as they can in a gritty, informal street conversation. Their mastery includes the ability to use the word with irony, sarcasm, and subtle metaphorical layers. Whether discussing the 'basura espacial' (space debris) or the 'basura existencial' of a character in a novel, the C2 speaker uses 'basura' with the precision and creativity of a native speaker, fully aware of its historical, social, and emotional weight.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

basura 30秒で

Basura is a feminine noun meaning trash, garbage, or rubbish.
Commonly used with verbs like 'sacar' (take out) and 'tirar' (throw away).
Can be used figuratively to mean 'junk' or 'worthless' things.
Essential for daily chores and environmental conversations in Spanish.

The word basura is a fundamental feminine noun in the Spanish language, primarily translating to 'trash,' 'garbage,' or 'rubbish.' At its most basic level, it refers to any waste material that is no longer useful and is intended to be discarded. However, its usage extends far beyond the physical contents of a waste bin. In Spanish-speaking cultures, basura encompasses the entire ecosystem of waste management, from the act of cleaning a home to the industrial processes of a city. It is a word you will encounter daily, whether you are discussing household chores, environmental issues, or even expressing a strong negative opinion about something of poor quality. The term is versatile, appearing in formal environmental reports as residuos sólidos urbanos and in casual street slang to dismiss an idea or an object as worthless.

Physical Waste: Refers to organic scraps, plastic packaging, paper, and any other tangible items thrown away. Example: 'La bolsa de basura está rota' (The trash bag is broken).

Metaphorical Worthlessness: Used to describe something of extremely low quality, such as a bad movie, a lie, or a poorly made product. Example: 'Esa película es una basura' (That movie is garbage).

Environmental Context: Discussing pollution and the impact of human waste on nature. Example: 'Hay mucha basura en la playa' (There is a lot of trash on the beach).

Por favor, saca la basura antes de que empiece a oler mal.

No tires basura al suelo; usa el contenedor.

El camión de la basura pasa todos los martes por la mañana.

He encontrado mucha basura acumulada en el desván.

Ese programa de televisión es pura basura comercial.

Understanding 'basura' is key to navigating daily life. When you go to a park, you look for a 'papelera' (small bin) or a 'basurero' (large bin/trash can). If you are cleaning out a garage, you might hire a service to remove 'escombros' (rubble) or 'basura voluminosa' (bulky waste). Furthermore, the word appears in social critiques, such as 'comida basura' (junk food), highlighting how the concept of waste is applied to health and nutrition. It is a word that reflects both the physical reality of our consumption and our moral or aesthetic judgments of the world around us. Mastering its use allows you to participate in conversations ranging from simple household requests to complex debates about sustainability and social values.

Using the word basura correctly involves knowing which verbs commonly pair with it and how it functions as both a subject and an object. Because it is a feminine noun, any articles or adjectives must agree in gender. It is most frequently used with verbs of movement and disposal. For instance, the most common phrase for the chore of taking the trash out is sacar la basura. If you are discarding something small, you use tirar a la basura. In more formal or environmental contexts, you might use gestionar la basura (to manage waste) or reciclar la basura (to recycle waste). Understanding these collocations is essential for natural-sounding Spanish.

Verbs of Action: Sacar (to take out), tirar (to throw away), recoger (to pick up), separar (to separate/sort), quemar (to burn).

Descriptive Adjectives: Orgánica (organic), inorgánica (inorganic), acumulada (accumulated), pestilente (stinking), electrónica (e-waste).

Compound Structures: Bolsa de basura (trash bag), cubo de la basura (trash can), camión de la basura (garbage truck), vertedero de basura (landfill).

¿Te toca a ti sacar la basura esta noche?

Debemos separar la basura orgánica de los plásticos.

Había tanta basura en la calle que no se podía caminar.

El perro revolvió toda la basura buscando comida.

No compres eso, es basura y se romperá enseguida.

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the level of formality. In a professional setting, you might use 'residuos' instead of 'basura' to sound more technical. For example, 'La planta procesa residuos urbanos' sounds more official than 'La planta procesa basura'. However, in daily life, 'basura' is the undisputed king of terms. You will hear parents telling children '¡No tires basura!', neighbors complaining about 'el olor de la basura', and news anchors discussing 'la crisis de la basura' in a city. It is also important to note that 'basura' is typically used as an uncountable noun in the singular to represent the collective mass of waste, though 'basuras' (plural) can occasionally be used to refer to different types or piles of waste, especially in administrative contexts.

You will hear basura in almost every corner of life in a Spanish-speaking country. It is a word that transcends social classes because waste is a universal human experience. In a domestic setting, it's the subject of daily chores and minor household conflicts. On the streets, it's part of the urban soundscape—the rumbling of the camión de la basura at night is a familiar sound in many Spanish cities. In the media, 'basura' is used to criticize culture, politics, and consumerism. From the 'telebasura' (trash TV) debates in Spain to environmental campaigns in Latin America, the word is deeply embedded in the social fabric.

At Home: Parents reminding kids: '¡Lleva la basura al contenedor!' or roommates asking '¿Quién sacó la basura ayer?'.

In the City: Signs in parks saying 'Prohibido tirar basura' or hearing the 'basurero' whistle as the truck approaches in some Latin American towns.

In Social Media/TV: Commenters calling a post 'basura' or critics discussing 'periodismo basura' (yellow journalism).

El ayuntamiento ha cambiado el horario de recogida de basura.

No escuches eso, solo dicen basura sobre nosotros.

La playa estaba llena de basura marina después de la tormenta.

Ese restaurante sirve comida que es auténtica basura.

Huele a basura porque el cubo está lleno.

In political discourse, 'basura' is often used to describe corruption or 'dirty' tactics. You might hear 'campaña de basura' (smear campaign). In environmental activism, it's the central focus of 'cero basura' (zero waste) movements. Even in technology, 'correo basura' is the standard term for spam email. Because it is so ubiquitous, learning 'basura' isn't just about learning a word for waste; it's about learning a word that describes anything the speaker considers rejected, unwanted, or harmful. Whether you are in a supermarket looking for 'bolsas de basura' or in a heated debate about the quality of modern art, this word will be your primary tool for expressing the concept of the 'discarded'.

While basura is an A1-level word, even advanced learners make mistakes with its gender, countability, and nuances. The most common error is treating it as a masculine noun because 'trash' doesn't have a gender in English. Many students say 'el basura' or 'mucho basura', but it must always be la basura and mucha basura. Another common pitfall is the confusion between 'basura' and 'desperdicio'. While they are related, 'desperdicio' usually refers to 'waste' in the sense of 'wasted resources' (like wasting water or food that could have been eaten), whereas 'basura' is the actual material in the bin.

Gender Confusion: Incorrect: 'El basura está lleno'. Correct: 'La basura está llena'. Always use feminine agreement.

Countability Issues: Learners often try to pluralize it as 'basuras' when they mean 'trash bags'. Use 'bolsas' instead. 'Hay tres bolsas de basura' not 'Hay tres basuras'.

Literal vs. Figurative: Using 'basura' for 'nonsense' is fine, but using it for 'a mess' (disorder) is usually better handled by 'desorden' or 'lío'.

No digas basura (Don't talk trash/nonsense) - Correct figurative use.

Esta basura es mía (This trash is mine) - Correct gender agreement.

Hay mucha basura en el río - Correct uncountable use.

Recogieron las basuras de la fiesta - Rare but correct plural use for distinct piles.

El basurero está vacío - 'Basurero' is masculine, 'basura' is feminine.

Another mistake involves the preposition used with 'trash can'. In English, we say 'throw it in the trash'. In Spanish, it's 'tirarlo a la basura' or 'tirarlo en el cubo de la basura'. Using 'en la basura' can sometimes imply that the item is already buried among the waste, whereas 'a la basura' emphasizes the act of discarding. Finally, be careful with the word 'residuo'. While it's a synonym, using it in a casual conversation about taking out the kitchen trash might sound overly clinical or strange. Stick to 'basura' for everyday life and 'residuos' for scientific, industrial, or highly formal environmental contexts.

While basura is the most common word for waste, Spanish offers a rich vocabulary for specific types of trash. Choosing the right alternative can make your Spanish sound more precise and sophisticated. For example, if you are talking about the leftovers from a meal that you are throwing away, sobras or desperdicios might be more accurate. If you are referring to the rubble from a construction site, escombros is the specific term. Understanding these nuances helps you describe the world with more clarity and avoids the repetitive use of 'basura'.

Residuos vs. Basura: 'Residuos' is technical and formal. It refers to the remains of a process (industrial, chemical, or biological). 'Basura' is the everyday term for mixed household waste.

Desechos vs. Basura: 'Desechos' often implies things that have been rejected or cast aside. 'Desechos tóxicos' is the standard term for toxic waste.

Mugre / Suciedad vs. Basura: 'Mugre' and 'suciedad' refer to dirt or filth, rather than discarded objects. You clean 'mugre' off a window, but you pick up 'basura' from the floor.

La fábrica vierte sus residuos al río de forma ilegal.

Recogieron los escombros después de la reforma del piso.

No tires las sobras, podemos dárselas al perro.

Esa revista es pura porquería, no tiene nada de interés.

Hay mucha inmundicia en ese callejón abandonado.

In summary, while 'basura' is your go-to word, keep 'residuos' for the science lab, 'escombros' for the construction site, and 'sobras' for the dinner table. If you want to emphasize how disgusting something is, 'porquería' or 'inmundicia' are excellent choices. By expanding your vocabulary beyond 'basura', you demonstrate a deeper understanding of the Spanish language and the ability to distinguish between different contexts of waste and rejection. This nuance is what separates a beginner from an intermediate or advanced speaker.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word originally referred to the dust and dirt collected after sweeping a room, not necessarily the mixed waste we think of today.

発音ガイド

UK /baˈsu.ɾa/

US /bɑˈsu.rɑ/

Second syllable (su).

韻が合う語

hermosura pintura altura locura ternura cultura factura tortura

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'u' like 'you'. It should be a pure 'oo' sound.
Rolling the 'r' too much. It is a single tap, not a trill.
Making the 'b' too hard like an English 'b'. In Spanish, it is softer between vowels.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very common word, easy to recognize in text.

ライティング 1/5

Simple spelling, but remember the 'b' and 's'.

スピーキング 2/5

The 'r' tap can be tricky for absolute beginners.

リスニング 1/5

Distinctive sound, usually clear in speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

la en casa limpiar tirar

次に学ぶ

residuos reciclaje medio ambiente contaminación papelera

上級

obsolescencia sostenibilidad biodegradable vertedero incineradora

知っておくべき文法

Noun Gender

La basura (feminine).

Uncountable Nouns

Mucha basura (not muchas basuras).

Imperative Mood

¡Saca la basura!

Compound Nouns with 'de'

Bolsa de basura.

Adjective Agreement

Basura acumulada.

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レベル別の例文

Tira el papel a la basura.

Throw the paper in the trash.

Uses the feminine article 'la'.

La basura está en la cocina.

The trash is in the kitchen.

Basic subject-verb-location structure.

Saca la basura, por favor.

Take out the trash, please.

Imperative form of 'sacar'.

No hay basura aquí.

There is no trash here.

Negative 'no hay' construction.

El cubo de la basura es verde.

The trash bin is green.

Compound noun 'cubo de la basura'.

Tengo una bolsa de basura.

I have a trash bag.

Indefinite article 'una'.

La basura huele mal.

The trash smells bad.

Subject-verb-adverb agreement.

Pon la basura en el contenedor.

Put the trash in the container.

Prepositional phrase 'en el'.

Ayer saqué la basura muy tarde.

Yesterday I took out the trash very late.

Preterite tense of 'sacar'.

Debemos separar la basura orgánica.

We must separate the organic trash.

Modal verb 'deber' + infinitive.

El camión de la basura pasa a las diez.

The garbage truck passes at ten.

Telling time with 'a las'.

No me gusta la comida basura.

I don't like junk food.

Figurative use as 'junk'.

¿Dónde compras las bolsas de basura?

Where do you buy the trash bags?

Question word 'donde'.

Recogí la basura que había en el suelo.

I picked up the trash that was on the floor.

Relative clause with 'que'.

La ciudad está limpia, no hay mucha basura.

The city is clean; there isn't much trash.

Quantifier 'mucha'.

Mañana tiraré esta basura vieja.

Tomorrow I will throw away this old trash.

Future tense 'tiraré'.

Es necesario que reduzcamos la basura que producimos.

It is necessary that we reduce the trash we produce.

Present subjunctive 'reduzcamos'.

He borrado todos los correos basura de mi bandeja.

I have deleted all the spam emails from my inbox.

Technological term 'correo basura'.

Si no sacas la basura, la casa olerá fatal.

If you don't take out the trash, the house will smell terrible.

First conditional structure.

La basura acumulada puede causar enfermedades.

Accumulated trash can cause diseases.

Passive participle 'acumulada' as adjective.

Me molesta que la gente tire basura en el parque.

It bothers me that people throw trash in the park.

Subjunctive after 'me molesta que'.

Esa revista solo publica noticias basura.

That magazine only publishes trashy news.

Figurative use for low quality.

Estamos buscando soluciones para el problema de la basura.

We are looking for solutions for the trash problem.

Present continuous 'estamos buscando'.

El reciclaje ayuda a convertir la basura en recursos.

Recycling helps to turn trash into resources.

Infinitive 'convertir' after preposition.

El vertedero municipal está al límite de su capacidad.

The municipal landfill is at the limit of its capacity.

Specific vocabulary 'vertedero'.

La gestión de la basura es un reto para las grandes ciudades.

Waste management is a challenge for big cities.

Abstract noun 'gestión'.

No deberías creer esa basura que dicen en la televisión.

You shouldn't believe that trash they say on TV.

Conditional mood 'deberías'.

Muchos jóvenes están atrapados en contratos basura.

Many young people are trapped in 'trash' (exploitative) contracts.

Social idiom 'contratos basura'.

La basura tecnológica es un problema ambiental creciente.

Electronic waste is a growing environmental problem.

Adjective 'tecnológica'.

A pesar de las multas, la gente sigue tirando basura.

Despite the fines, people continue throwing trash.

Concessive phrase 'A pesar de'.

El ayuntamiento ha invertido en nuevos camiones de basura.

The city council has invested in new garbage trucks.

Present perfect 'ha invertido'.

La basura marina amenaza la biodiversidad de los océanos.

Marine debris threatens the biodiversity of the oceans.

Subject-verb agreement 'amenaza'.

La sociedad de consumo genera una cantidad ingente de basura.

Consumer society generates a massive amount of trash.

Sophisticated adjective 'ingente'.

Su discurso no fue más que una sarta de mentiras y basura.

His speech was nothing more than a string of lies and trash.

Idiomatic 'sarta de'.

El artista utiliza basura para crear esculturas impresionantes.

The artist uses trash to create impressive sculptures.

Prepositional use 'para'.

Es imperativo erradicar la cultura de la basura en las instituciones.

It is imperative to eradicate the 'trash' culture in institutions.

Formal verb 'erradicar'.

La obsolescencia programada nos condena a producir más basura.

Planned obsolescence condemns us to produce more trash.

Complex concept 'obsolescencia programada'.

El olor a basura impregnaba cada rincón del barrio bajo.

The smell of trash permeated every corner of the slum.

Descriptive verb 'impregnaba'.

Trataron su propuesta como si fuera auténtica basura.

They treated his proposal as if it were total trash.

Past subjunctive 'fuera' after 'como si'.

La incineración de basura es un tema altamente polémico.

Trash incineration is a highly controversial topic.

Adverbial phrase 'altamente polémico'.

La ontología de lo desechable convierte al objeto en basura prematura.

The ontology of the disposable turns the object into premature trash.

Philosophical register.

Subyace una crítica feroz a la telebasura en su última novela.

A fierce critique of trash TV underlies his latest novel.

Inverted sentence structure.

La basura espacial supone un riesgo latente para las misiones futuras.

Space debris poses a latent risk for future missions.

Technical term 'basura espacial'.

Arrojar luz sobre la gestión de basuras es un deber ciudadano.

Shedding light on waste management is a civic duty.

Metaphorical 'Arrojar luz'.

La degradación del entorno es el corolario de nuestra basura mental.

Environmental degradation is the corollary of our mental trash.

Abstract use 'basura mental'.

No podemos soslayar el impacto de la basura en los ecosistemas frágiles.

We cannot ignore the impact of trash on fragile ecosystems.

High-level verb 'soslayar'.

El vertido de basura incontrolado ha provocado un desastre ecológico.

Uncontrolled trash dumping has caused an ecological disaster.

Noun phrase 'vertido de basura'.

La estética de la basura ha sido explorada por diversos movimientos artísticos.

The aesthetics of trash have been explored by various artistic movements.

Passive voice 'ha sido explorada'.

よく使う組み合わせ

bolsa de basura

camión de la basura

cubo de la basura

comida basura

tirar a la basura

sacar la basura

correo basura

vertedero de basura

recogida de basura

basura orgánica

よく使うフレーズ

¡Qué basura!

— Expression of disgust or disappointment about something's quality.

¡Qué basura de película!

Hablar basura

— To talk nonsense or to insult someone (trash talk).

Deja de hablar basura sobre él.

Ser una basura

— To be a terrible person or a very low-quality thing.

Ese tipo es una basura.

A la basura

— Used to say something is wasted or should be discarded.

Todo mi esfuerzo se fue a la basura.

Basura espacial

— Debris left by humans in outer space.

La basura espacial es peligrosa.

Contrato basura

— A job contract with very poor conditions.

Solo encuentro contratos basura.

Telebasura

— Low-quality, sensationalist television programming.

España tiene mucha telebasura.

Cero basura

— The zero-waste movement or lifestyle.

Intento vivir una vida cero basura.

Recoger la basura

— The act of picking up litter or emptying bins.

Recoge la basura del suelo.

Oler a basura

— To have the unpleasant smell of decaying waste.

La cocina huele a basura.

よく混同される語

basura vs desperdicio

Desperdicio is 'waste' (the act of wasting), basura is the 'trash' itself.

basura vs mugre

Mugre is dirt/grime, basura is discarded items.

basura vs escombros

Escombros is only for construction debris.

慣用句と表現

"Irse a la basura"

— To be wasted or ruined (like a plan or effort).

Mi plan se fue a la basura.

informal

"Tratar como basura"

— To treat someone with no respect at all.

Me trató como basura.

neutral

"Sentirse como una basura"

— To feel very bad about oneself or very ill.

Hoy me siento como una basura.

informal

"Ser carne de basurero"

— To be something destined for failure or the trash heap.

Ese proyecto es carne de basurero.

slang

"Hacer de la basura un tesoro"

— To find value in something others have discarded.

Ella hace de la basura un tesoro con su arte.

poetic

"Basura por basura"

— An eye for an eye, but regarding insults or bad behavior.

Me insultó y le respondí basura por basura.

colloquial

"Estar en la basura"

— To be in a very bad situation or at a low point.

Su carrera está en la basura.

informal

"Limpiar la basura"

— Often used metaphorically for getting rid of corrupt people.

Hay que limpiar la basura del gobierno.

political

"No valer ni la basura"

— To be completely worthless.

Esa idea no vale ni la basura.

strong informal

"Revolver la basura"

— To dig into someone's past or dirty secrets.

La prensa está revolviendo su basura.

metaphorical

間違えやすい

basura vs Basurero

Related to basura.

Basurero is the bin, the dump, or the person. Basura is the stuff inside.

El basurero vació la basura.

basura vs Papelera

Both are bins.

Papelera is specifically for paper or a small office bin. Basura is general.

Tira el ticket en la papelera.

basura vs Suciedad

Both mean 'dirty' things.

Suciedad is the state of being dirty. Basura is the object that makes it dirty.

Limpia la suciedad de la mesa.

basura vs Restos

Both mean 'remains'.

Restos can be remains of anything (ancient ruins, food). Basura is specifically for disposal.

Los restos de la cena van a la basura.

basura vs Sobras

Both can be thrown away.

Sobras are specifically edible leftovers.

No tires las sobras.

文型パターン

La basura está [lugar].

La basura está afuera.

Tira el/la [objeto] a la basura.

Tira el papel a la basura.

Tengo que [verbo] la basura.

Tengo que sacar la basura.

Es bueno que [subjuntivo] la basura.

Es bueno que reciclemos la basura.

La basura es un problema de [sustantivo].

La basura es un problema de salud pública.

No es más que [sustantivo] y basura.

No es más que mentiras y basura.

A pesar de la basura, [frase].

A pesar de la basura, el parque es bonito.

La estética de la basura [verbo].

La estética de la basura define su obra.

語族

名詞

basurero (bin/garbage man)

basural (dump site)

basurita (speck of dust/small trash)

動詞

basurear (to treat like trash/humiliate)

形容詞

basuriento (trashy/dirty)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation.

よくある間違い

El basura → La basura
Basura is feminine, so it takes the feminine article 'la'.
Mucho basura → Mucha basura
Adjectives must agree with the feminine gender of the noun.
Tirar en la basura → Tirar a la basura
While 'en' is sometimes used, 'a' is the standard preposition for throwing something 'to' the trash.
Perder basura → Desperdiciar
Don't use 'basura' for the verb 'to waste' (time/money). Use 'desperdiciar'.
Basuras de comida → Restos / Sobras
Use 'sobras' or 'restos' for food leftovers rather than the plural 'basuras'.

ヒント

Gender Agreement

Always pair 'basura' with feminine words. Say 'mucha basura', not 'mucho basura'.

Beyond Trash

Use 'basura' metaphorically for bad movies or music to sound more like a native.

Street Bins

In Spain, look for the 'contenedores' on the street; that's where the 'basura' goes.

Recycling

Learn 'basura orgánica', 'plástico', and 'vidrio' to recycle correctly in Spanish-speaking countries.

Email

Check your 'carpeta de correo basura' if you are missing an important email.

Trash Talk

'Hablar basura' is the literal translation of 'to talk trash' and is understood in many regions.

Insults

Calling something 'una basura' is a common way to say it's very low quality.

Household

'Sacar la basura' is one of the first chore phrases you should learn.

Pronunciation

Focus on the 'u' sound. It's like 'oo' in 'food', never like 'u' in 'use'.

Precision

Use 'papelera' for small office bins and 'basurero' for larger ones.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'BASS' drum falling into an 'URA' (area) of trash. BASS-URA.

視覚的連想

Imagine a bright green bin with the word 'BASURA' written in big white letters, filled with old newspapers.

Word Web

reciclaje bolsa camión olor sucio tirar sacar cubo

チャレンジ

Go through your house and name 5 things that are 'basura' right now in Spanish.

語源

From the Latin 'versūra', which comes from the verb 'verrere', meaning 'to sweep'.

元の意味： The act of sweeping or the sweepings collected from a floor.

Romance

文化的な背景

Avoid calling a person 'basura' unless you mean to be highly insulting. It is a strong term of dehumanization.

English speakers often distinguish between 'trash' (dry) and 'garbage' (wet/food), but 'basura' covers both in Spanish.

'La basura' is a song by the Chilean band Los Prisioneros. The term 'telebasura' was popularized by Spanish critics in the 1990s. Oscar the Grouch from Sesame Street is known as 'Oscar el Gruñón' and lives in a 'cubo de la basura'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Household Chores

Sacar la basura
Cambiar la bolsa
Limpiar el cubo
Huele a basura

In the Street

Contenedor de basura
Camión de la basura
No tirar basura
Basurero

Environmentalism

Reciclar la basura
Reducir basura
Basura marina
Basura orgánica

Criticism

Es una basura
Comida basura
Telebasura
Hablar basura

Technology

Correo basura
Carpeta de basura
Basura electrónica
Borrar basura

会話のきっかけ

"¿A qué hora pasa el camión de la basura por tu calle?"

"¿Crees que hay demasiada basura en las playas de este país?"

"¿Sueles separar la basura orgánica del plástico?"

"¿Cuál es el programa de telebasura que más odias?"

"¿Te parece que la comida basura debería ser más cara?"

日記のテーマ

Describe cómo gestionas la basura en tu casa y si reciclas.

Escribe sobre una vez que viste mucha basura en un lugar natural.

¿Qué opinas del concepto de 'comida basura'? ¿Es un problema real?

Imagina un mundo sin basura. ¿Cómo sería la vida diaria?

Describe el trabajo de un basurero y por qué es importante para la ciudad.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, 'basura' is a feminine noun. You must always use 'la' or 'una' and feminine adjectives like 'basura sucia'.

There are several ways: 'cubo de la basura' (Spain), 'basurero' (Latin America), or 'zafacon' (Puerto Rico/Dominican Republic).

Yes, but it is very insulting. It means the person is worthless or evil. Use it with caution.

It means 'junk food'. It's the standard term for unhealthy fast food in Spanish.

Rarely. Usually, 'basura' is uncountable. You'd use 'basuras' only when referring to different types of waste (e.g., 'basuras urbanas e industriales').

It is the Spanish term for 'spam' email.

The most common way is 'sacar la basura'.

'Basura' is everyday language. 'Residuos' is more formal or technical, often used in environmental science.

Yes, in many countries 'el basurero' is the person who collects the trash. In others, it's just the bin.

Yes, phrases like '¡Eso es basura!' are common to dismiss lies or bad ideas.

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