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B1 verb #4,500 よく出る 14分で読める

incomodar

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解説 incomodar in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary and simple sentence structures. They can understand and use very familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. They can introduce themselves and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where they live, people they know, and things they have. However, 'incomodar' is generally beyond the scope of A1, as it requires understanding nuanced social interactions and expressing discomfort beyond simple likes/dislikes.
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A2 learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g., very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). They can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. While they might encounter 'incomodar' in very simple contexts, actively using it with its nuances of social discomfort or inconvenience is typically challenging at this level. They might confuse it with 'molestar' or use it in overly simplistic ways.
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B1 learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. They can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. 'Incomodar' is appropriate for this level as it allows learners to express more complex social interactions, apologize for inconveniences, and describe feelings of unease or awkwardness in familiar situations. They can use it to show consideration for others and to describe personal discomfort.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. At B2, learners can use 'incomodar' with greater precision, understanding its subtler distinctions from 'molestar' and using it in more varied and complex contexts, including formal and informal registers, and expressing more nuanced forms of discomfort or social unease.
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C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. They can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. At C1, 'incomodar' is used naturally and effectively, often in sophisticated ways to express subtle social dynamics, professional courtesies, or to articulate complex feelings of discomfort in nuanced arguments or narratives.
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C2 learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. At C2, 'incomodar' is used with complete mastery, understanding and employing its full range of connotations and registers, often in highly idiomatic or literary contexts. It is used to convey very precise shades of meaning related to discomfort, inconvenience, or social awkwardness, often in complex idiomatic expressions or highly refined discourse.
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練習する 例文 メモとヒント

incomodar 30秒で

  • To cause inconvenience or discomfort.
  • To bother or disturb someone.
  • Implies social awkwardness or unease.
  • Can be physical or emotional.
Core Meaning
To cause inconvenience or discomfort to someone; to bother or disturb them.
Level
CEFR B1
Usage Context
Used when someone's actions or presence create a problem, annoyance, or awkwardness for another person. It's often used in situations where politeness is important, but you need to express that something is not ideal for someone else.

No quiero incomodar a nadie con mis preguntas, pero necesito entender esto.

I don't want to bother anyone with my questions, but I need to understand this.

El ruido constante puede incomodar a los vecinos.

The constant noise can bother the neighbors.
The verb 'incomodar' is a versatile tool in Spanish for expressing that something or someone is causing a disturbance or making a situation less than ideal for another person. It implies a level of discomfort, whether it's physical, social, or emotional. For instance, if you arrive late to a meeting, you might apologize by saying, 'Perdón por incomodar su tiempo' (Sorry for bothering/inconveniencing your time). This shows consideration for the other person's schedule. Similarly, if a guest is overstaying their welcome, a host might subtly imply it by saying something like, 'Espero no incomodarlos con mi presencia' (I hope I'm not bothering you with my presence), though this is a more indirect way of expressing it. In a more direct sense, if someone is physically uncomfortable, like being in a crowded space, they might say, 'Este espacio me incomoda' (This space bothers me/makes me uncomfortable). The key is that it's about causing a negative feeling or disruption to another's state of ease. It’s important to note that 'incomodar' can also refer to a more general sense of annoyance or disturbance. For example, a loud song might 'incomodar' your concentration. The CEFR B1 level suggests that learners at this stage can understand and use this verb in common, everyday situations, particularly when dealing with social interactions and expressing mild complaints or apologies. It’s a step up from simply saying 'molestar' (to bother), as 'incomodar' often carries a nuance of making someone feel awkward or out of place, in addition to just being annoyed. For example, asking a very personal question might 'incomodar' someone, not just annoy them, but make them feel a bit embarrassed or uneasy. This verb is particularly useful when you want to be polite but still convey that something is not right. It’s a common verb in Spanish, and mastering its usage will significantly enhance your ability to communicate nuances in social interactions and express a range of feelings from mild annoyance to significant discomfort. Understanding the contexts in which it's used, from apologizing for taking up someone's time to describing a physically uncomfortable situation, is crucial for fluency. The verb is reflexive when referring to oneself feeling uncomfortable, like 'me incomodo' (I feel uncomfortable). However, when it's about causing discomfort to others, it's used transitively. The subtlety lies in the degree of discomfort; it's generally less intense than outright anger or distress, fitting well within the B1 proficiency range. It bridges the gap between simple annoyance and more serious distress, making it a valuable addition to any Spanish speaker's vocabulary. The word itself, 'incomodar', is derived from the Latin 'incommodare', meaning 'to inconvenience'. This etymology helps to solidify its meaning as something that disrupts ease or comfort. It’s a verb that encourages thoughtfulness in communication, prompting speakers to consider the impact of their actions or words on others. The distinction between 'incomodar' and 'molestar' is subtle but important. 'Molestar' is a more general term for bothering or annoying, while 'incomodar' often implies a social awkwardness or a disruption of peace. For instance, a fly buzzing around might 'molestar' you, but a person talking loudly during a quiet movie is more likely to 'incomodar' the audience. This nuance is key to using the word effectively and appropriately in various social settings.

Si mi presencia te incomoda, puedo irme.

If my presence bothers you, I can leave.
Transitive Use
The most common use is transitive, where 'incomodar' acts upon a direct object. This means 'to bother someone' or 'to inconvenience something'.
Reflexive Use
When used reflexively ('incomodarse'), it means 'to feel uncomfortable', 'to become uneasy', or 'to get bothered'. This is often used when someone feels awkward or out of place.
Conjugation
'Incomodar' is a regular -ar verb. It follows the standard conjugation patterns for verbs ending in -ar in Spanish.

El retraso del tren puede incomodar a muchos pasajeros.

The train delay can inconvenience many passengers.

No te incomodes, siéntete como en tu casa.

Don't feel uncomfortable, make yourself at home.
Using 'incomodar' effectively involves understanding its grammatical structure and the nuances it conveys. In its transitive form, it's about causing an external discomfort. For example, 'El olor fuerte incomodó a todos en la habitación' (The strong smell bothered everyone in the room). Here, the smell is the agent causing discomfort to the passengers. The past tense 'incomodó' shows a completed action of causing discomfort. In the reflexive form, 'incomodarse' describes the internal feeling of unease. For instance, 'Me incomodé un poco cuando me hicieron esa pregunta personal' (I felt a bit uncomfortable when they asked me that personal question). The 'me' indicates that the subject is experiencing the discomfort. This distinction is crucial for accurate communication. It's also important to consider the direct object when using the transitive form. If you are addressing one person, you use the appropriate pronoun ('te', 'lo/la', 'le', 'nos', 'os', 'los/las', 'les'). For example, 'Espero no incomodarte con mi visita' (I hope I'm not bothering you with my visit). If you're talking about a group, you'd use 'incomodarlos' or 'incomodarlas'. The verb can also be used with abstract subjects. For example, 'Las nuevas reglas incomodan a los empleados' (The new rules inconvenience the employees). Here, 'las nuevas reglas' is the subject causing the inconvenience. The conjugation in different tenses is also key. In the present subjunctive, it might appear in phrases like 'Espero que esto no te incomode' (I hope this doesn't bother you). In the imperfect, 'Me incomodaba el ruido' (The noise bothered me). The future tense: 'Esto podría incomodar a algunos' (This might bother some). The conditional: 'No querría incomodarte' (I wouldn't want to bother you). The imperative form is used for commands, like 'No te incomodes' (Don't be bothered/Don't feel uncomfortable). Understanding these variations allows for more precise expression of discomfort or inconvenience. The verb's connection to 'comodidad' (comfort) is evident; 'incomodar' is essentially the opposite of providing comfort or ease.

El clima tan caluroso me incomoda mucho.

The very hot weather bothers me a lot.
Everyday Conversations
You'll hear 'incomodar' frequently in casual conversations, especially when people are discussing social interactions, politeness, or minor annoyances.
Service Industry
In hotels, restaurants, or customer service, staff might use it to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Formal Settings
In more formal settings, it's used to express politeness when acknowledging a potential disruption.

Perdone si mi pregunta le incomoda, pero es importante.

Forgive me if my question bothers you, but it's important.

El ruido de las obras incomoda a los vecinos del barrio.

The noise from the construction bothers the neighborhood residents.
You'll encounter 'incomodar' in a wide array of spoken Spanish. Imagine a scenario where a friend is visiting your home, and you want to ensure they are comfortable. You might say, 'Espero que la temperatura de la casa no te incomode' (I hope the house temperature doesn't bother you). This is a polite way to check on their well-being. In a professional context, a manager might address a team by saying, 'Entendemos que los cambios pueden incomodar, pero son necesarios para el crecimiento de la empresa' (We understand that the changes can be inconvenient, but they are necessary for the company's growth). This acknowledges potential discomfort while justifying the action. When traveling, you might hear announcements like, 'Lamentamos cualquier inconveniente que esto pueda incomodar' (We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause). This is a standard phrase in customer service. On a more personal level, if someone asks a question that makes another person feel a bit awkward, the latter might say, 'Me incomoda hablar de eso' (It makes me uncomfortable to talk about that). This is a clear signal that the topic is sensitive. The reflexive use 'incomodarse' is common when someone feels out of place or awkward. For example, 'Se incomodó cuando se dio cuenta de que era el único sin invitación' (He felt uncomfortable when he realized he was the only one without an invitation). This highlights a social discomfort. Even in informal settings, people use it to express mild annoyance. 'Este asiento está muy duro, me incomoda' (This seat is very hard, it bothers me). This is a direct way to state a physical discomfort. The verb is also used in media, such as news reports about public works projects that might 'incomodar' traffic, or in fictional dialogues where characters express unease. The ubiquitous nature of 'incomodar' in Spanish communication underscores its importance for learners aiming for natural-sounding interactions. It’s a word that reflects a cultural emphasis on politeness and consideration for others, making it a key component of social fluency. Think about situations where you might need to apologize for a minor disruption, or where someone might feel awkward. 'Incomodar' is the word you'll likely need. It's a verb that helps you navigate social graces with more precision and empathy.

El sonido de la música alta me incomoda al intentar dormir.

The sound of loud music bothers me when trying to sleep.
Confusing with 'Molestar'
While 'molestar' and 'incomodar' are similar, 'incomodar' often implies a social awkwardness or a deeper sense of discomfort, not just simple annoyance.
Incorrect Reflexive Use
Using 'incomodar' transitively when the subject is actually feeling the discomfort (i.e., forgetting to use the reflexive 'incomodarse').
Overuse or Underuse
Using 'incomodar' for very minor annoyances where 'molestar' might be more appropriate, or not using it when a situation clearly causes social discomfort.

Incorrecto: El sonido me incomoda. (When the sound is just slightly annoying, 'molesta' might be better.)

Correcto: El sonido me molesta. (Or, if it's deeply unsettling: El sonido me incomoda.)

Incorrecto: Me incomoda que no me saludes. (This implies the *act* of not greeting bothers the speaker, but the speaker is not the one causing discomfort.)

Correcto: Me incomoda que no me saludes. (This sentence is actually correct if the speaker wants to say the other person's act of not greeting causes them discomfort. A better example of incorrect reflexive use would be: Incorrecto: El ruido me incomoda. Correcto: Me incomodo por el ruido.)

The correct usage depends on whether the subject is causing discomfort or experiencing it.
One common pitfall for learners is the subtle difference between 'incomodar' and 'molestar'. While both mean 'to bother', 'incomodar' often carries a stronger implication of causing social awkwardness, unease, or a more significant disruption of comfort. For instance, a fly buzzing around your head might 'molestar' you. However, if you're in a quiet library and someone starts talking loudly on their phone, they are not just bothering you; they are 'incomodando' the atmosphere and the other patrons. Another mistake is misusing the reflexive form. If you are feeling uncomfortable, you should say 'Me incomodo' (I feel uncomfortable), not 'Yo incomodo' (I bother). The latter implies you are the one causing discomfort to others. For example, saying 'Me incomodo con el calor' is correct, meaning 'I feel uncomfortable with the heat'. Saying 'El calor me incomoda' is also correct, meaning 'The heat bothers me'. The confusion arises when learners try to express their own discomfort using the transitive form incorrectly. For example, saying 'Yo incomodo' when they mean 'Me incomodo'. Furthermore, learners might overuse 'incomodar' for situations where a simpler verb like 'molestar' or even 'fastidiar' (to annoy) would suffice. It's important to reserve 'incomodar' for instances where there's a genuine sense of unease, awkwardness, or a disruption of peace. Conversely, underusing it can lead to less nuanced communication. If a situation genuinely causes social discomfort, using 'molestar' might not fully capture the feeling. For example, if someone asks a very personal question, 'Me molesta' (It annoys me) is less accurate than 'Me incomoda' (It makes me uncomfortable/awkward). Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the direct object pronouns when using 'incomodar' transitively. Forgetting to include 'te', 'le', 'nos', etc., can lead to incomplete or grammatically incorrect sentences. For example, saying 'Incomoda a mi amigo' (It bothers my friend) is correct, but forgetting the 'a' before 'mi amigo' would be a mistake.

Incorrecto: Me incomodo por la pregunta. (This is grammatically correct but might sound slightly less natural than the alternative.)

Correcto: La pregunta me incomoda. (This is the more common and direct way to express that the question is causing discomfort.)

Molestar
Meaning: To bother, to annoy.
Difference: More general than 'incomodar'. Often used for less intense annoyances or physical disturbances.
Fastidiar
Meaning: To annoy, to pester, to irritate.
Difference: Can be more informal and stronger than 'molestar', sometimes implying persistent annoyance.
Perturbar
Meaning: To disturb, to perturb, to upset.
Difference: Implies a more significant disruption, often to peace of mind, order, or a sensitive state.
Disgustar
Meaning: To displease, to annoy, to upset.
Difference: Focuses more on the feeling of displeasure or unhappiness caused by something.

El mosquito me molesta. (The mosquito is just annoying.)

El ruido me incomoda. (The noise makes me uncomfortable or uneasy.)

No quiero fastidiarte, pero necesito que me ayudes.

I don't want to bother/pester you, but I need you to help me.
While 'incomodar' is a precise word, several other Spanish verbs can convey similar meanings, each with its own nuance. The most common alternative is 'molestar'. Think of 'molestar' as the general term for 'to bother' or 'to annoy'. If a fly is buzzing around your head, it's 'molestándote'. If someone is tapping their pen incessantly, they are 'molestándote'. 'Incomodar', on the other hand, often implies a more significant disruption, particularly to someone's comfort or social ease. If you're in a quiet, formal setting and someone starts talking loudly, they are 'incomodando' the environment and others. If you feel awkward or out of place, you might say 'Me incomodo'. 'Fastidiar' is another related verb, often used in informal contexts. It can mean 'to annoy', 'to pester', or 'to irritate'. It can sometimes carry a stronger sense of annoyance than 'molestar', and it can imply persistent bothering. For example, a sibling might 'fastidiar' you by constantly asking for something. 'Perturbar' suggests a deeper level of disturbance, often affecting peace of mind, order, or a sensitive state. If a disturbing event 'perturba' your sleep or your concentration, it's a more serious disruption than mere annoyance. It can also refer to something that disrupts a situation, like a loud noise 'perturbando' a serene atmosphere. 'Disgustar' focuses more on the feeling of displeasure or unhappiness caused by something. While it can overlap with annoyance, it's more about causing someone to feel unhappy or displeased. If a decision 'disgusta' you, it means it makes you unhappy or displeased. It's less about causing physical discomfort and more about emotional reaction. When choosing between these words, consider the intensity and nature of the discomfort. 'Molestar' is your go-to for general annoyance. 'Incomodar' is for social awkwardness, unease, or inconvenience. 'Fastidiar' is for persistent or irritating annoyance, often informal. 'Perturbar' is for significant disruptions to peace or order. 'Disgustar' is for causing displeasure or unhappiness. For example, a poorly made bed might 'molestar' you, but a poorly made bed in a luxury hotel might 'incomodar' you due to unmet expectations. A persistent salesman might 'fastidiar' you, while a natural disaster might 'perturbar' an entire community. A political decision might 'disgustar' a segment of the population.

El político dio un discurso que disgustó a la mayoría.

The politician gave a speech that displeased the majority.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root 'commodus' is also the root of the English word 'commodious', meaning spacious and convenient. So, 'incomodar' is quite literally the opposite of being commodious.

発音ガイド

UK /ˌɪŋ.koʊ.məˈdɑːr/
US /ˌɪŋ.koʊ.məˈdɑːr/
The stress is on the last syllable: in-co-mo-DAR.
韻が合う語
andar cantar hablar lugar mirar pensar trabajar estar
よくある間違い
  • Misplacing stress: Placing stress on the first or second syllable instead of the last.
  • Pronouncing the 'g' too hard: The 'ng' sound should be soft, similar to the end of 'sing'.
  • Incorrect vowel sounds: Especially the 'o' sounds, which should be clear and not too short.

難易度

読解 3/5

At CEFR B1, learners should be able to understand 'incomodar' in most reading materials, especially in narratives and dialogues. Understanding its nuances compared to 'molestar' might require more practice.

ライティング 3/5

Learners at B1 can begin to use 'incomodar' in their writing, particularly in personal essays or descriptive pieces, but ensuring correct usage of transitive vs. reflexive forms and appropriate context requires attention.

スピーキング 3/5

Speaking requires quick recall and application. Learners might hesitate to use 'incomodar' correctly, sometimes opting for simpler verbs like 'molestar', but with practice, they can integrate it into their conversations to express nuanced discomfort.

リスニング 3/5

Recognizing 'incomodar' in spoken Spanish at B1 level is generally achievable, especially in clear standard speech. Distinguishing it from 'molestar' in rapid conversation might pose a slight challenge.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

molestar sentir estar tener ser gustar necesitar preguntar decir ir

次に学ぶ

agobiar perturbar desagradar fastidiar cohibir intimidar

上級

malestar (discomfort, malaise) incómodo (adjective: uncomfortable) inconveniente (inconvenience) desasosiego (unease, restlessness)

知っておくべき文法

Direct Object Pronouns

El ruido me incomoda. (The noise bothers me.) / La pregunta le incomodó. (The question bothered him/her.)

Reflexive Verbs

Me incomodo cuando hablo en público. (I feel uncomfortable when I speak in public.)

Subjunctive Mood

Espero que esto no te incomode. (I hope this doesn't bother you.)

Preposition 'a' with Personal Direct Objects

El ruido incomoda a los vecinos. (The noise bothers the neighbors.)

Prepositional Phrases

Me incomoda por el olor. (I am bothered by the smell.) / No quise incomodarte con mi problema. (I didn't want to bother you with my problem.)

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レベル別の例文

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1

El ruido me molesta.

The noise bothers me.

Here, 'molesta' is used for simple annoyance. 'Incomoda' would imply a deeper discomfort or disruption.

2

No quiero molestar.

I don't want to bother (you).

A basic expression of not wanting to cause trouble.

3

Este asiento no es muy cómodo, me incomoda un poco.

This seat is not very comfortable, it bothers me a little.

Uses 'incomoda' to express physical discomfort, but still relatively mild.

4

Perdón por incomodar.

Sorry for bothering (you).

A polite, general apology for causing inconvenience.

5

El calor me incomoda.

The heat bothers me.

Expresses physical discomfort due to weather.

6

No te molestes.

Don't worry about it. / Don't get annoyed.

A common phrase to reassure someone.

7

Su actitud me incomoda.

His/Her attitude bothers me.

Indicates discomfort due to someone's behavior, hinting at social unease.

8

Espero no incomodar.

I hope I'm not bothering (you).

A polite phrase to avoid causing inconvenience.

1

No quiero incomodar a nadie con mis preguntas, pero necesito entender esto.

I don't want to bother anyone with my questions, but I need to understand this.

Shows awareness of potentially bothering others while needing information.

2

El retraso del tren puede incomodar a muchos pasajeros.

The train delay can inconvenience many passengers.

Used to describe a situation causing inconvenience to a group.

3

Me incomodé un poco cuando me hicieron esa pregunta personal.

I felt a bit uncomfortable when they asked me that personal question.

Reflexive use ('incomodé') to express personal feeling of awkwardness.

4

Perdone si mi presencia le incomoda, puedo irme.

Forgive me if my presence bothers you, I can leave.

A polite offer to resolve a situation where one's presence might be causing discomfort.

5

Las nuevas normas incomodan a los empleados.

The new rules inconvenience the employees.

Describes how rules or policies can cause discomfort or inconvenience.

6

No te incomodes, siéntete como en tu casa.

Don't feel uncomfortable, make yourself at home.

A common phrase to reassure someone and make them feel at ease.

7

El ruido de las obras incomoda a los vecinos del barrio.

The noise from the construction bothers the neighborhood residents.

Describes a common urban issue causing discomfort to residents.

8

Espero no incomodarlos con mi visita.

I hope I'm not bothering you with my visit.

A polite way to express concern about imposing on someone's time or space.

1

Su falta de tacto al hacer la pregunta incomodó a todos los presentes.

His lack of tact in asking the question made everyone present uncomfortable.

Highlights how a lack of social grace can cause widespread discomfort.

2

Me incomoda tener que hablar en público, pero es parte de mi trabajo.

I feel uncomfortable having to speak in public, but it's part of my job.

Expresses personal discomfort with a situation that is unavoidable.

3

El ambiente se volvió tenso cuando el tema empezó a incomodar a ciertos miembros del equipo.

The atmosphere became tense when the topic started to make certain team members uncomfortable.

Describes how a topic can create social unease within a group.

4

Lamentamos cualquier inconveniente que esto pueda incomodar.

We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

A standard phrase used in formal apologies for disruptions.

5

Sentí que mi presencia incomodaba la conversación privada que estaban teniendo.

I felt that my presence was disrupting the private conversation they were having.

Expresses the feeling of being an unwelcome intrusion.

6

El cambio repentino de planes incomodó a los invitados que ya se habían preparado.

The sudden change of plans inconvenienced the guests who had already prepared.

Describes how unexpected changes can lead to inconvenience and discomfort.

7

No querría incomodarte con mis problemas personales.

I wouldn't want to bother you with my personal problems.

A polite way to avoid burdening someone with one's own difficulties.

8

El excesivo formalismo de la situación me incomodaba.

The excessive formality of the situation made me uncomfortable.

Describes discomfort arising from an overly rigid or formal environment.

1

La sutileza con la que abordó el tema delicado demostró su habilidad para no incomodar a nadie innecesariamente.

The subtlety with which he addressed the delicate topic showed his ability not to unnecessarily bother/make anyone uncomfortable.

Highlights skillful communication that avoids causing discomfort.

2

Me incomoda la idea de ser el centro de atención en un evento tan importante.

I feel uncomfortable with the idea of being the center of attention at such an important event.

Expresses a deeper psychological discomfort related to social pressure.

3

El debate se tornó acalorado, y era evidente que ciertos comentarios empezaban a incomodar profundamente a algunos participantes.

The debate became heated, and it was evident that certain comments were starting to deeply bother some participants.

Indicates a strong level of discomfort caused by specific remarks.

4

Intentó mantener la calma, pero la constante interrupción de su colega lo incomodaba visiblemente.

He tried to remain calm, but his colleague's constant interruption was visibly bothering him.

Describes visible signs of discomfort due to persistent interruptions.

5

La atmósfera cargada en la sala sugería que la verdad revelada había incomodado a más de uno.

The charged atmosphere in the room suggested that the revealed truth had made more than one person uncomfortable.

Implies that a revelation has caused widespread unease and discomfort.

6

A pesar de su amabilidad, sentí que mi petición incomodaba su agenda apretada.

Despite his kindness, I felt that my request was inconveniencing his tight schedule.

Expresses a nuanced understanding of causing inconvenience even when the other person is polite.

7

El silencio prolongado después de su comentario incomodó a todos, creando una palpable tensión.

The prolonged silence after his comment made everyone uncomfortable, creating a palpable tension.

Describes how silence after a comment can create discomfort and tension.

8

Evitó hacer preguntas directas para no incomodar a los testigos.

He avoided asking direct questions so as not to bother/make uncomfortable the witnesses.

Shows strategic communication to avoid causing distress to vulnerable individuals.

1

La ambigüedad intrínseca de la norma incomodaba a los juristas, quienes buscaban una interpretación inequívoca.

The intrinsic ambiguity of the regulation bothered/made uncomfortable the jurists, who sought an unambiguous interpretation.

Uses 'incomodaba' in a sophisticated context of legal interpretation and intellectual unease.

2

Su elocuencia, lejos de incomodar, cautivó a la audiencia, tejiendo un discurso que resonó profundamente.

His eloquence, far from bothering/making uncomfortable, captivated the audience, weaving a speech that resonated deeply.

Contrasts the potential for discomfort with the reality of captivating eloquence.

3

El vestigio de duda en su voz incomodaba la certeza que pretendía proyectar.

The vestige of doubt in his voice unsettled the certainty he intended to project.

Describes how a subtle flaw can undermine an intended impression, causing unease.

4

La mera posibilidad de que sus acciones fuesen descubiertas incomodaba su conciencia.

The mere possibility that his actions might be discovered bothered his conscience.

Expresses a deep moral or psychological discomfort related to guilt or apprehension.

5

Se debatía entre la cortesía y la necesidad de expresar su desacuerdo, temiendo incomodar a su anfitrión.

He debated between courtesy and the need to express his disagreement, fearing to bother/make uncomfortable his host.

Illustrates a complex social dilemma involving the fear of causing offense.

6

La atmósfera en la sala de espera, cargada de ansiedad, incomodaba a todos por igual.

The anxious atmosphere in the waiting room bothered everyone equally.

Describes a pervasive discomfort stemming from a shared anxious environment.

7

Su estilo directo, aunque efectivo, podía incomodar a quienes preferían un enfoque más diplomático.

His direct style, though effective, could make uncomfortable those who preferred a more diplomatic approach.

Highlights the potential for directness to cause discomfort in certain social contexts.

8

Intentó disimular su malestar, pero la incomodidad era palpable y incomodaba a los demás.

He tried to hide his discomfort, but the unease was palpable and bothered others.

Shows how one person's palpable discomfort can spread and affect others.

よく使う組み合わせ

incomodar a alguien
incomodar a los vecinos
incomodar el sueño
incomodar la conversación
incomodar la paz
incomodar el ambiente
incomodar la rutina
sentirse incomodo
incomodar a la audiencia
incomodar la concentración

よく使うフレーズ

No quiero incomodar.

— I don't want to bother/inconvenience (you).

No quiero incomodar, pero necesito pedirle un favor.

Espero no incomodar.

— I hope I'm not bothering/inconveniencing (you).

Espero no incomodar con mi visita tan temprano.

Perdón por incomodar.

— Sorry for bothering/inconveniencing (you).

Perdón por incomodar su descanso.

Me incomoda...

— It makes me uncomfortable... / I feel uncomfortable...

Me incomoda el ruido cuando intento estudiar.

No te incomodes.

— Don't feel uncomfortable. / Make yourself at home.

No te incomodes, siéntete libre de usar lo que necesites.

Su presencia incomoda.

— His/Her presence is bothersome/makes one uncomfortable.

La tensión era tal que su presencia incomoda a todos.

incomodar a los demás

— to bother/make uncomfortable others.

Debemos ser cuidadosos para no incomodar a los demás.

incomodar el ambiente

— to make the atmosphere uncomfortable.

Un comentario inapropiado puede incomodar el ambiente.

incomodar la tranquilidad

— to disturb the peace/tranquility.

El escándalo incomodó la tranquilidad del vecindario.

sentirse incomodo

— to feel uncomfortable/awkward.

Me siento incomodo cuando me miran fijamente.

よく混同される語

incomodar vs molestar

'Molestar' is a more general term for bothering or annoying. 'Incomodar' often implies a deeper sense of discomfort, social awkwardness, or inconvenience.

incomodar vs fastidiar

'Fastidiar' is often more informal and can imply persistent annoyance or pestering, whereas 'incomodar' focuses more on causing discomfort or unease.

incomodar vs agobiar

'Agobiar' means to overwhelm or burden, implying a much stronger sense of distress than 'incomodar'.

慣用句と表現

"estar incomodado/a"

— To be uncomfortable, bothered, or uneasy. It's the state of feeling 'incomodado'.

Se notaba que estaba incomodado por la situación.

General
"no incomodar a nadie"

— To avoid bothering or inconveniencing anyone; to be considerate.

Mi objetivo es vivir mi vida sin incomodar a nadie.

General
"ponerse incomodo/a"

— To become uncomfortable or uneasy; to start feeling bothered.

Empezó a ponerse incomodo cuando le hicieron preguntas difíciles.

General
"incomodar la conciencia"

— To bother one's conscience; to cause moral unease or guilt.

La injusticia cometida le incomodaba la conciencia.

Formal/Literary
"incomodar la paz"

— To disturb the peace or tranquility of a place or situation.

El grito repentino incomodó la paz de la noche.

General
"incomodar el sueño"

— To disturb one's sleep.

El ronquido de su compañero de cuarto incomodaba su sueño.

General
"incomodar el orden"

— To disrupt the established order or routine.

Su comportamiento rebelde incomodaba el orden de la clase.

General
"incomodar la vista"

— To be visually unpleasant or bothersome.

El exceso de publicidad incomodaba la vista en la calle.

General
"incomodar el oído"

— To be audibly unpleasant or bothersome.

El chirrido constante incomodaba el oído.

General
"incomodar el estómago"

— To cause an upset stomach; to feel queasy or nauseous.

La comida en mal estado le incomodó el estómago.

Informal/Medical

間違えやすい

incomodar vs molestar

Both mean 'to bother' or 'to annoy'.

'Molestar' is a general term for causing annoyance. 'Incomodar' goes further, implying discomfort, social awkwardness, or inconvenience. For example, a loud noise might 'molestar', but a tactless comment in a formal setting would 'incomodar'.

El zumbido de la mosca me <strong>molesta</strong>. (The buzzing of the fly annoys me.) vs. Su comentario sobre mi peso me <strong>incomoda</strong>. (His comment about my weight makes me uncomfortable.)

incomodar vs agobiar

Both can describe negative feelings caused by external factors.

'Agobiar' means to overwhelm or burden, suggesting a feeling of being crushed or unable to cope. 'Incomodar' is about discomfort or inconvenience, which is typically less intense. You might feel 'agobiado' by too much work, but 'incomodado' by a noisy environment.

La cantidad de exámenes me <strong>agobia</strong>. (The number of exams overwhelms me.) vs. El ruido de la calle me <strong>incomoda</strong>. (The street noise bothers me.)

incomodar vs perturbar

Both imply disruption.

'Perturbar' suggests a more significant disturbance to peace, order, or mental state. It's often used for serious disruptions. 'Incomodar' is usually milder, focusing on inconvenience or social unease.

El terremoto <strong>perturbó</strong> la ciudad. (The earthquake disrupted the city.) vs. Su pregunta <strong>incomodó</strong> a la presentadora. (His question made the presenter uncomfortable.)

incomodar vs fastidiar

Both can mean to annoy.

'Fastidiar' is often more informal and can imply a more persistent or irritating annoyance, sometimes akin to pestering. 'Incomodar' focuses more on causing discomfort or unease.

Deja de <strong>fastidiarme</strong> con tus bromas. (Stop pestering me with your jokes.) vs. Me <strong>incomoda</strong> tener que esperar tanto tiempo. (It bothers me/I feel uncomfortable having to wait so long.)

incomodar vs avergonzar

Feeling 'incomodado' can sometimes lead to feeling 'avergonzado'.

'Avergonzar' specifically means to cause shame or embarrassment. 'Incomodar' is broader, encompassing general discomfort, awkwardness, or inconvenience, which may or may not lead to embarrassment.

Su error público lo <strong>avergonzó</strong>. (His public mistake embarrassed him.) vs. Me <strong>incomoda</strong> cuando me miran fijamente. (I feel uncomfortable when people stare at me.)

文型パターン

A2

Subject + incomodar + Direct Object

El ruido <strong>incomoda</strong> a los niños.

A2

Me + incomodar (conjugated)

Me <strong>incomoda</strong> el frío.

B1

No quiero + incomodar + (a alguien)

No quiero <strong>incomodar</strong> a mi anfitrión.

B1

No te + incomodes

<strong>No te incomodes</strong>, por favor.

B1

Me + incomodé / incomodaba / incomodaré

Me <strong>incomodé</strong> por su comentario.

B2

Subject + incomodar + a + Direct Object + con + Noun

Su actitud nos <strong>incomoda</strong> con su falta de respeto.

B2

Espero que + (esto) no + incomodar (subjunctive)

Espero que esto no te <strong>incomode</strong>.

C1

La/El + Noun + incomodar + a + Direct Object

La tensión de la sala <strong>incomodaba</strong> a los presentes.

語族

名詞

incomodidad (discomfort, inconvenience)
incomodidad (awkwardness)

動詞

incomodar (to bother, to inconvenience)
incomodarse (to feel uncomfortable)

形容詞

incómodo/a (uncomfortable, awkward, inconvenient)

関連

comodidad (comfort)
cómodo/a (comfortable)
acomodar (to accommodate, to make comfortable)
descomponer (to decompose, to break down - related by opposite concept of 'componer')
componer (to compose, to make up)
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使い方

frequency

High, especially in B1 and above contexts.

よくある間違い
  • Confusing 'incomodar' with 'molestar' in subtle contexts. → Using 'incomodar' for social awkwardness and 'molestar' for general annoyance.

    'Molestar' is a broader term for bothering. 'Incomodar' implies a more specific type of discomfort, often social or psychological unease, or inconvenience. For example, a fly 'molesta', but a tactless question 'incomoda'.

  • Using the transitive form when the reflexive is needed. → Using 'Me incomodo' (I feel uncomfortable) instead of 'Yo incomodo' (I bother/inconvenience).

    The reflexive form 'incomodarse' is used when the subject is the one feeling the discomfort. The transitive form 'incomodar' is used when the subject is causing discomfort to someone else.

  • Forgetting the 'a' before a personal direct object. → El ruido incomoda <strong>a</strong> los vecinos.

    When the direct object of 'incomodar' is a specific person or group of people, the personal 'a' must be used before it.

  • Using 'incomodar' for very minor annoyances. → Using 'molestar' or 'fastidiar' for slight irritations.

    'Incomodar' suggests a more significant level of discomfort or inconvenience. Using it for trivial matters can sound overly dramatic. For instance, a slight delay might 'molestar', but a major one might 'incomodar'.

  • Incorrect conjugation or stress. → Ensure the verb is conjugated correctly for the subject and tense, and always stress the last syllable: in-co-mo-DAR.

    Like other -ar verbs, 'incomodar' conjugates regularly. However, misplacing the stress can lead to mispronunciation and misunderstanding.

ヒント

Distinguish from 'Molestar'

Remember that 'incomodar' often carries a stronger sense of social awkwardness or genuine unease than the general annoyance of 'molestar'. Think about the degree and type of discomfort.

Reflexive vs. Transitive

Use 'incomodar' transitively when you are causing discomfort to someone else (e.g., 'El ruido me incomoda'). Use 'incomodarse' reflexively when you are feeling the discomfort yourself (e.g., 'Me incomodo con el frío').

Politeness and Apologies

Phrases like 'No quiero incomodar' or 'Perdón por incomodar' are very useful for showing consideration and politeness when you might be causing a slight disruption.

Connect to 'Comfort'

Think of 'incomodar' as the opposite of 'comodidad' (comfort). If something is 'in-comodo', it's not comfortable.

Sentence Building

Create your own sentences using 'incomodar' and 'incomodarse' in different tenses and contexts. Try to describe both physical and social discomfort.

Listen for Nuances

When listening to Spanish speakers, try to identify when they use 'incomodar' versus 'molestar' and infer the subtle differences in meaning from the context.

Stress the Last Syllable

Remember that the stress in 'incomodar' falls on the final syllable: in-co-mo-DAR. This is crucial for correct pronunciation.

Explore Alternatives

Be aware of synonyms like 'molestar', 'fastidiar', and 'perturbar' and understand their specific connotations to choose the most appropriate word for the situation.

Check Reflexive Use

A common mistake is using the transitive form when the reflexive is needed. Always ask yourself: Is the subject causing discomfort, or is the subject feeling discomfort?

Cultural Sensitivity

Using 'incomodar' appropriately reflects cultural values of politeness and consideration. It shows you are aware of social dynamics and how your actions might affect others.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine someone trying to 'in-come' to your house (in-come-dar) but they are very late and loud, 'incommoding' you. Or, think of 'in-comfortable' to remember the meaning of discomfort.

視覚的連想

Picture a person wearing a suit that is too tight and restrictive, looking very uncomfortable and agitated. The suit is 'incommoding' them.

Word Web

Discomfort Bother Inconvenience Awkwardness Unease Annoyance Disturbance Trouble

チャレンジ

Try to use 'incomodar' in at least three different sentences today, describing situations where someone might feel uncomfortable or inconvenienced. Pay attention to whether you need the reflexive form 'incomodarse'.

語源

The Spanish verb 'incomodar' originates from the Latin verb 'incommodare', which itself is derived from 'in-' (not) and 'commodus' (convenient, fitting, suitable). Therefore, the literal meaning is 'to not be convenient' or 'to be inconvenient'.

元の意味： To make inconvenient; to cause trouble or difficulty.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Spanish

文化的な背景

It's important to use 'incomodar' appropriately. Overusing it for very minor annoyances might sound overly dramatic, while underusing it in situations of genuine social discomfort could seem insensitive.

In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts are expressed with phrases like 'to bother', 'to annoy', 'to inconvenience', 'to make someone uncomfortable', or 'to cause awkwardness'. The Spanish 'incomodar' often encapsulates a blend of these.

In many Latin American telenovelas, characters often express 'incomodidad' when facing social dilemmas or difficult situations. Spanish literature frequently uses 'incomodar' to describe the psychological state of characters facing moral quandaries or social pressures. In everyday Spanish conversations, expressions like 'No quiero incomodarte' are common polite phrases used to preface a request or an action that might cause a slight disruption.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Apologizing for a minor disruption.

  • Perdón por <strong>incomodar</strong>.
  • Espero no <strong>incomodar</strong>.
  • No quise <strong>incomodar</strong>.

Describing physical discomfort.

  • El calor me <strong>incomoda</strong>.
  • Este asiento me <strong>incomoda</strong>.
  • Me <strong>incomoda</strong> la ropa ajustada.

Expressing social awkwardness or unease.

  • Me <strong>incomodo</strong> cuando...
  • Su actitud me <strong>incomoda</strong>.
  • La situación me <strong>incomoda</strong>.

Talking about things that bother others.

  • El ruido <strong>incomoda</strong> a los vecinos.
  • Las reglas nuevas <strong>incomodan</strong> a los empleados.
  • Su comportamiento <strong>incomoda</strong> a la gente.

Making someone feel comfortable (opposite).

  • No te <strong>incomodes</strong>.
  • Queremos que te sientas cómodo.
  • Estamos aquí para ayudarte.

会話のきっかけ

"¿Hay algo que te incomode en tu día a día últimamente?"

"¿Cómo reaccionas cuando algo te incomoda mucho?"

"¿Qué situaciones te hacen sentir más incómodo/a?"

"¿Crees que es importante evitar incomodar a los demás?"

"¿Alguna vez te has incomodado por algo que alguien dijo?"

日記のテーマ

Describe una vez que te sentiste incómodo/a por algo que alguien hizo o dijo. ¿Cómo manejaste la situación?

Piensa en una situación en la que tuviste que realizar una tarea que sabías que podría incomodar a otros. ¿Cómo lo abordaste?

Escribe sobre un lugar o una actividad que te incomoda. ¿Qué es lo que te causa esa incomodidad?

¿Cómo puedes ser más considerado/a con los demás para evitar incomodarlos? Da ejemplos concretos.

Reflexiona sobre la diferencia entre 'molestar' e 'incomodar'. Escribe frases que ilustren esta diferencia.

よくある質問

10 問

While both can mean 'to bother', 'molestar' is a more general term for annoyance. 'Incomodar' implies a deeper discomfort, social awkwardness, or inconvenience. For example, a fly might 'molestar' you, but a tactless comment in a formal setting would 'incomodar' you and others.

You use 'incomodarse' when the subject is experiencing the discomfort themselves. For instance, 'Me incomodo' means 'I feel uncomfortable' or 'I get bothered'. It describes your own internal feeling of unease or awkwardness.

Yes, 'incomodar' can be used for physical discomfort, especially if it's persistent or significant. For example, 'El calor me incomoda' (The heat bothers me) or 'Este asiento me incomoda' (This seat bothers me). However, for mild physical annoyances, 'molestar' might be more common.

Yes, 'incomodar' is often used in polite contexts, especially when apologizing for causing inconvenience ('Perdón por incomodar') or when expressing concern about potentially bothering someone ('Espero no incomodar'). It shows consideration for the other person's feelings or comfort.

Yes, inanimate objects or abstract concepts can be the subject of 'incomodar' when they are the cause of the discomfort or inconvenience. For example, 'El ruido constante incomoda a los vecinos' (The constant noise bothers the neighbors) or 'Las nuevas reglas incomodan a los empleados' (The new rules inconvenience the employees).

The direct opposite isn't a single verb commonly used today. However, verbs like 'acomodar' (to make comfortable), 'agradar' (to please), and 'complacer' (to satisfy) convey the idea of providing comfort or a positive experience, which is the opposite of causing discomfort.

You can say 'Me incomodo' (present tense, reflexive), 'Me sentí incomodo/a' (past tense, reflexive), or 'Me siento incómodo/a' (using the adjective 'incómodo/a').

'Incomodar' can be used in both formal and informal settings. In formal contexts, it's often used for apologies or explanations of inconvenience. In informal settings, it can describe personal feelings of awkwardness or mild annoyance.

'Incomodidad' is the noun form and means 'discomfort', 'inconvenience', or 'awkwardness'. For example, 'Siento una gran incomodidad en esta situación.'

Yes, though less common than 'molestar' or 'desagradar' for sensory input, it can be used. For example, 'El exceso de luces incomodaba la vista' (The excess of lights was visually bothersome) or 'El sonido chirriante incomodaba el oído' (The squeaking sound was audibly bothersome).

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