incumplir
To fail to fulfill a promise or obligation.
incumplir 30秒で
- To fail to keep a promise or meet a requirement.
- Breaking an agreement or obligation.
- Not doing what was expected or promised.
- A formal term for not fulfilling a commitment.
- Verb
- incumplir (in-koom-PLEER)
- Meaning
- To fail to fulfill a promise, obligation, duty, or commitment. It implies a broken agreement or a failure to meet a required standard or expectation. It's a formal word often used in legal, business, or serious personal contexts.
- Usage Scenarios
- You might hear 'incumplir' when discussing contracts that haven't been honored, promises that were made but not kept, or legal duties that were neglected. It can also apply to failing to meet deadlines or other agreed-upon terms. It carries a sense of seriousness and often implies negative consequences.
El contratista decidió incumplir el acuerdo inicial.
No puedes incumplir tus promesas de esta manera.
- Basic Structure
- Subject + incumplir + direct object (what is not fulfilled)
- Examples
- 1. El gobierno no debe incumplir sus promesas electorales. (The government must not fail to fulfill its electoral promises.)
- 2. Si incumples el contrato, habrá sanciones. (If you fail to fulfill the contract, there will be penalties.)
- 3. El deportista fue sancionado por incumplir las reglas antidopaje. (The athlete was sanctioned for failing to comply with anti-doping rules.)
- 4. El plazo para la entrega del proyecto fue incumplido por el equipo. (The deadline for the project delivery was missed/failed to be met by the team.) - *Note the passive voice here.*
- 5. Es importante no incumplir con tus responsabilidades diarias. (It is important not to fail to meet your daily responsibilities.)
El banco amenazó con acciones legales si el deudor continuaba incumpliendo el pago.
- Legal and Business Contexts
- This is where 'incumplir' is most prevalent. You'll hear it in discussions about contracts, agreements, and legal obligations. For instance, a lawyer might explain the consequences of a party incumplir a clause in a contract. News reports about business disputes or government failures to meet policy goals will often use this term.
- Political Discourse
- Politicians and commentators frequently use 'incumplir' when discussing whether elected officials or parties have kept their campaign promises. For example, 'El partido de la oposición acusó al gobierno de incumplir sus promesas de campaña' (The opposition party accused the government of failing to fulfill its campaign promises).
- Formal Agreements and Commitments
- Beyond legal documents, it applies to serious personal commitments. If someone makes a significant promise, like providing a substantial loan or fulfilling a major role in an event, and fails to do so, 'incumplir' is the appropriate word. For instance, 'El testigo no se presentó a declarar, incumpliendo su deber.' (The witness did not appear to testify, failing to fulfill their duty.)
El periódico informó sobre la empresa que fue multada por incumplir las normativas medioambientales.
- Confusing with 'Cumplir' Directly
- Learners might mistakenly use 'cumplir' when they mean to express the failure to do something. Remember, 'cumplir' means to fulfill, meet, or achieve. 'Incumplir' is the direct negation of that action. For example, saying 'cumplir una promesa' means to keep a promise, while 'incumplir una promesa' means to break a promise.
- Overuse in Informal Situations
- 'Incumplir' is a strong word. Using it for very minor, everyday failures can sound overly dramatic or accusatory. For instance, if a friend forgets to bring a book they promised to lend you, it's more natural to say 'No te olvidaste del libro, ¿verdad?' (You didn't forget the book, did you?) rather than '¡Incumpliste tu promesa de traerme el libro!' (You failed to fulfill your promise to bring me the book!).
- Incorrect Verb Conjugation
- As with any verb, incorrect conjugation is a common pitfall. Ensure you are using the correct tense and person. For example, in the present tense, 'yo incumplo', 'tú incumpless', 'él/ella/usted incumple'. In the preterite, 'yo incumplí', 'tú incumpliste', 'él/ella/usted incumplió'.
Incorrecto: El plazo cumplió tarde. Correcto: El plazo fue incumplido por el equipo. (Or: El equipo incumplió el plazo.)
- Fallar (a)
- 'Fallar' can mean to fail, to miss, or to be faulty. When used with 'a' (fallar a), it closely resembles 'incumplir' in the sense of failing to meet an obligation or commitment. It's slightly less formal than 'incumplir'.
- Example: Él falló a su promesa de ayudar. (He failed to keep his promise to help.) vs. Él incumplió su promesa de ayudar.
- No cumplir
- This is the most direct and common alternative, simply negating the verb 'cumplir'. It's less formal and more general than 'incumplir'.
- Example: El equipo no cumplió con el plazo. (The team did not meet the deadline.) vs. El equipo incumplió el plazo.
- Romper (una promesa)
- 'Romper' means to break. When used specifically with 'una promesa', it means to break a promise. It's more informal and often implies a more emotional or personal betrayal than 'incumplir'.
- Example: Él rompió su promesa. (He broke his promise.) vs. Él incumplió su promesa (more formal).
- Desatender
- 'Desatender' means to neglect or disregard. It can be used when someone fails to pay attention to or fulfill an obligation due to negligence.
- Example: Desatendió sus deberes como padre. (He neglected his duties as a father.) This implies a failure to fulfill, similar to 'incumplir' but with a focus on neglect.
El contrato estipulaba penalizaciones por incumplimiento (noun form of incumplir).
How Formal Is It?
"El tribunal dictaminó que la corporación había <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>incumplido</mark> con sus obligaciones legales."
"Prometimos entregar el proyecto a tiempo, pero lamentablemente lo <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>incumplimos</mark>."
"Ay, olvidé llamarte. Creo que <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>incumplí</mark> mi palabra."
"Si prometes algo, es importante que lo hagas. Si no, es como si <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>incumplieras</mark> tu promesa."
豆知識
The prefix 'in-' in Spanish can have different meanings, including negation ('inútil' - useless) or direction ('introducir' - to introduce). In 'incumplir', it clearly signifies negation, making the meaning 'not to fulfill'. This prefix is very common in forming antonyms.
発音ガイド
- Mispronouncing the 'g' sound in 'ing' as a hard 'g' like in 'go'. It should be the 'ng' sound as in 'sing'.
- Putting the stress on the wrong syllable, for example, stressing the first syllable 'IN-cumplir'.
- Not articulating the final 'r' sound clearly in some accents.
難易度
CEFR A2/B1. The core meaning is understandable, but its formal register and use in specific contexts (legal, business) can make it challenging for beginners. Recognizing its antonym 'cumplir' is key.
CEFR B1. Learners need to master its conjugation and understand when to use it versus simpler alternatives like 'no cumplir'. Correctly identifying the direct object or prepositional phrase it governs is crucial.
CEFR B1. Producing it naturally requires practice. It's important to use it in appropriate formal or serious situations to avoid sounding overly dramatic or incorrect.
CEFR B1. It's commonly heard in news, legal discussions, and formal speeches. Understanding the context is vital to grasp its meaning.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Transitive Verbs and Direct Objects
'Incumplir' is a transitive verb, meaning it usually requires a direct object. For example, 'incumplir UN CONTRATO' (to fail to fulfill A CONTRACT). The contract is the direct object.
Preposition 'con'
Often used with 'incumplir' to specify the obligation or duty: 'incumplir CON sus deberes' (to fail to fulfill HIS DUTIES).
Passive Voice
The passive voice can be formed: 'El plazo fue incumplido' (The deadline was missed).
Subjunctive Mood
Used in clauses expressing doubt, desire, or necessity: 'Es importante que no incumplan las reglas.' (It is important that they do not break the rules.)
Noun Formations
The noun 'incumplimiento' (non-fulfillment, breach) is derived from the verb and often appears in legal and formal contexts.
レベル別の例文
No puedo ir.
I cannot go.
Lo siento, no tengo tiempo.
Sorry, I don't have time.
Mañana te llamo.
I'll call you tomorrow.
No puedo prometerlo.
I cannot promise it.
Se me olvidó.
I forgot.
No es posible.
It's not possible.
No voy a hacerlo.
I am not going to do it.
No cumplí.
I didn't fulfill/meet (it).
El equipo no cumplió con el objetivo.
The team did not meet the objective.
Uses 'cumplir con' for meeting an objective.
Prometiste ayudarme.
You promised to help me.
No puedo cumplir mi palabra.
I cannot keep my word.
'Cumplir mi palabra' is an idiom for keeping one's word.
El servicio fue muy malo.
The service was very bad.
Implies a failure to meet expectations.
No llegaron a tiempo.
They didn't arrive on time.
Implies a failure to meet a deadline.
El contrato dice otra cosa.
The contract says something else.
Suggests a potential breach of contract.
Olvidé pagar la factura.
I forgot to pay the bill.
A failure to fulfill a financial obligation.
La empresa incumplió el acuerdo.
The company failed to fulfill the agreement.
Introduces 'incumplir' in a business context.
El gobierno se comprometió a reducir la pobreza, pero no ha cumplido.
The government committed to reducing poverty, but it has not fulfilled (its promise).
'Comprometerse a' means to commit to. 'No ha cumplido' indicates failure to deliver.
Si incumples las normas, serás sancionado.
If you fail to comply with the rules, you will be sanctioned.
Uses 'incumplir las normas' (to fail to comply with the rules).
El tribunal dictaminó que la empresa había incumplido el contrato.
The court ruled that the company had failed to fulfill the contract.
Past perfect tense of 'incumplir' in a legal context.
Es una falta grave incumplir con tus deberes profesionales.
It is a serious offense to fail to meet your professional duties.
'Incumplir con' is used to express failure to meet duties.
Le prometí que estaría allí, pero incumplí mi palabra.
I promised him I would be there, but I failed to keep my word.
Combines a promise with the failure to keep it.
Los plazos de entrega fueron incumplidos repetidamente.
The delivery deadlines were repeatedly missed.
Passive voice with 'incumplido'.
No puedes simplemente ignorar tus responsabilidades.
You cannot simply ignore your responsibilities.
'Ignorar' (to ignore) can be a less formal way to imply failure to fulfill.
El acuerdo incluía una cláusula sobre las consecuencias de incumplimiento.
The agreement included a clause about the consequences of non-fulfillment.
Uses the noun form 'incumplimiento'.
La auditoría reveló que la compañía había estado incumpliendo con las regulaciones fiscales durante años.
The audit revealed that the company had been failing to comply with tax regulations for years.
Present participle 'incumpliendo' with 'con' for ongoing non-compliance.
El incumplimiento de los términos del contrato podría acarrear severas multas.
The failure to fulfill the terms of the contract could lead to severe fines.
Noun form 'incumplimiento' used as the subject of the sentence.
Los manifestantes acusaron al gobierno de incumplir sus promesas de campaña.
The protesters accused the government of failing to fulfill its campaign promises.
'Acusar de' + infinitive is a common structure.
No se puede permitir que los ciudadanos desatiendan sus obligaciones cívicas.
One cannot allow citizens to neglect their civic duties.
'Desatender' (to neglect) as an alternative implying failure to fulfill.
La falta de pago constituye un incumplimiento contractual grave.
The lack of payment constitutes a serious contractual breach.
Noun form 'incumplimiento' describing a specific type of failure.
Esperamos que la empresa rectifique y no reincida en su actitud de incumplimiento.
We hope the company rectifies and does not repeat its attitude of non-fulfillment.
'Reincidir' means to reoffend or repeat. Used here with the noun form.
El incumplimiento de la sentencia judicial tuvo consecuencias legales inmediatas.
The failure to comply with the court order had immediate legal consequences.
Noun form 'incumplimiento' referring to a judicial decision.
Nadie puede evadir sus responsabilidades ante la ley.
No one can evade their responsibilities before the law.
'Evadir' (to evade) suggests avoidance of fulfilling obligations.
El organismo regulador amonestó a la corporación por su flagrante incumplimiento de las normativas de seguridad.
The regulatory body reprimanded the corporation for its flagrant failure to comply with safety regulations.
'Flagrante' (flagrant) intensifies the sense of obvious non-compliance.
La falta de acción gubernamental ante la crisis climática se considera un incumplimiento del deber de protección.
The government's lack of action in the face of the climate crisis is considered a failure of the duty of protection.
Abstract noun form 'incumplimiento' used in a socio-political context.
El análisis jurídico determinó que el incumplimiento de las obligaciones contractuales era intencional.
The legal analysis determined that the failure to fulfill contractual obligations was intentional.
'Intencional' (intentional) adds a layer of deliberate failure.
Se argumentó que la pasividad de la empresa equivalía a un incumplimiento tácito del acuerdo.
It was argued that the company's passivity amounted to a tacit breach of the agreement.
'Tácito' (tacit) implies a failure to fulfill that is understood rather than explicit.
La constante inobservancia de las normas de tráfico ha generado un aumento de accidentes.
The constant non-observance of traffic laws has led to an increase in accidents.
'Inobservancia' (non-observance) is a synonym for failure to observe/comply.
El debate se centró en si el Estado había faltado a sus compromisos internacionales.
The debate focused on whether the State had failed to meet its international commitments.
'Faltar a' (to fail to attend/keep) used for commitments.
Cualquier incumplimiento de esta política será tratado con la máxima seriedad.
Any failure to comply with this policy will be treated with the utmost seriousness.
Noun form 'incumplimiento' used in a policy context.
La dilación en la respuesta podría interpretarse como una forma de reticencia a cumplir.
The delay in response could be interpreted as a form of reluctance to comply.
'Reticencia' (reluctance) implies a passive failure to fulfill.
La resolución judicial enfatizó la gravedad del incumplimiento reiterado de las obligaciones alimentarias.
The judicial resolution emphasized the gravity of the repeated failure to fulfill alimony obligations.
'Reiterado' (repeated) and 'obligaciones alimentarias' (alimony obligations) add specificity.
La falta de diligencia debida por parte de la administración pública constituye un incumplimiento de su mandato.
The lack of due diligence on the part of public administration constitutes a failure of its mandate.
'Diligencia debida' (due diligence) and 'mandato' (mandate) are high-level terms.
Se alegó que la evasión fiscal representaba un incumplimiento del deber ciudadano y una afrenta a la ley.
It was alleged that tax evasion represented a failure of civic duty and an affront to the law.
'Evasión fiscal' (tax evasion) and 'afrenta' (affront) add legal and ethical weight.
La doctrina jurídica debate si la omisión de ciertos actos puede ser considerada como incumplimiento activo o pasivo.
Legal doctrine debates whether the omission of certain acts can be considered active or passive non-fulfillment.
Distinguishes between active and passive forms of failure to fulfill.
El quebrantamiento de la confidencialidad acordada tuvo repercusiones devastadoras.
The breach of the agreed confidentiality had devastating repercussions.
'Quebrantamiento' (breach, violation) is a strong synonym for 'incumplimiento' in legal contexts.
La empresa fue penalizada por desoír las advertencias previas sobre seguridad.
The company was penalized for disregarding the previous safety warnings.
'Desoír' (to disregard, to turn a deaf ear to) implies a failure to heed, leading to non-fulfillment.
El desacato a la autoridad judicial es un delito grave.
Disobedience to judicial authority is a serious crime.
'Desacato' (contempt of court/authority) is a specific form of failing to comply with official orders.
La negligencia en la supervisión implicó un dejadez en el cumplimiento de sus funciones.
Negligence in supervision implied a dereliction in the fulfillment of their duties.
'Dejadez' (dereliction, negligence) describes a state leading to failure to fulfill.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
incumplir una promesa
incumplir un contrato
incumplir con las responsabilidades
incumplir los plazos
incumplimiento de pago
incumplimiento de palabra
incumplir las expectativas
incumplir con el deber
incumplimiento de sentencia
incumplimiento de las normas
よく混同される語
'Cumplir' means to fulfill, to meet, or to comply. 'Incumplir' is its direct opposite, meaning to fail to fulfill or comply. Remember the prefix 'in-' negates the meaning.
'Olvidar' means to forget. While forgetting might lead to 'incumplir' (failing to fulfill an obligation), they are not the same. 'Incumplir' can be intentional or due to negligence, whereas 'olvidar' is simply not remembering.
'Rechazar' means to reject or refuse. You might 'rechazar' an offer, but you 'incumplir' a promise or a contract. Refusal is an active decision not to accept, while 'incumplir' is a failure to perform something already agreed upon or required.
慣用句と表現
"incumplir su palabra"
Literally 'to fail to fulfill one's word,' this idiom means to break a promise or go back on what one has said. It's a common way to express not keeping a commitment.
Me prometió que vendría, pero al final incumplió su palabra.
Neutral"incumplir con el deber"
To fail in one's duty or obligation. This phrase emphasizes a moral or professional responsibility that has not been met.
El policía fue acusado de incumplir con su deber de proteger a los ciudadanos.
Formal"incumplimiento tácito"
Tacit non-fulfillment; a failure to fulfill an agreement or obligation that is implied or understood, rather than explicitly stated. It arises from inaction or silence when action is expected.
Su silencio ante la propuesta fue interpretado como un incumplimiento tácito del acuerdo previo.
Formal/Legal"incumplimiento flagrante"
Flagrant non-fulfillment; an obvious and blatant failure to meet an obligation or adhere to rules, often implying a lack of shame or disregard for consequences.
El incumplimiento flagrante de las leyes ambientales llevó a sanciones severas.
Formal"incumplimiento de las expectativas"
Failure to meet expectations; not living up to what was hoped for, predicted, or required.
El rendimiento del equipo incumplió las expectativas de los aficionados.
Neutral"incumplimiento de la ley"
Violation of the law; failure to abide by legal statutes or regulations.
El incumplimiento de la ley puede tener graves consecuencias legales.
Formal/Legal"incumplimiento de pago"
Default on payment; failure to make a required financial payment.
El incumplimiento de pago en varias cuotas afectó su crédito.
Financial/Formal"incumplimiento de contrato"
Breach of contract; failure to perform one's obligations as stipulated in a contract.
El incumplimiento de contrato por una de las partes puede anular el acuerdo.
Legal/Business"incumplimiento de las obligaciones"
Failure to fulfill obligations; a general term for not meeting one's duties or responsibilities.
El incumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales puede acarrear multas.
Formal"incumplimiento de la sentencia"
Failure to comply with a court judgment or sentence; contempt of court.
El juez advirtió sobre las consecuencias del incumplimiento de la sentencia.
Legal間違えやすい
Both express the idea of not meeting an obligation.
'No cumplir' is a more general and less formal way to say 'not fulfill.' 'Incumplir' is a specific verb that carries a stronger sense of breach, violation, or formal failure, often used in legal, business, or serious ethical contexts. While 'no cumplir' can be used for minor lapses, 'incumplir' suggests a more significant failure.
Yo no cumplí con la tarea (I didn't do the homework - casual). El deudor incumplió el contrato (The debtor breached the contract - formal).
Both can mean to fail to keep a promise or commitment.
'Fallar a' is often used with promises or commitments, and it can sometimes imply a more personal betrayal or a failure in loyalty. 'Incumplir' is broader and can apply to contracts, laws, duties, and promises, often with a more formal or legalistic connotation. 'Fallar a' is generally less formal than 'incumplir'.
Él falló a su palabra (He broke his word - personal). La empresa incumplió el acuerdo (The company breached the agreement - formal).
Both imply a violation or breaking of something.
'Quebrantar' is a stronger, more formal term, typically used for breaking laws, rules, or solemn oaths. It implies a more serious violation. 'Incumplir' is also formal but can be applied to a wider range of obligations, including less severe ones like failing to meet a deadline. 'Quebrantar' often carries a sense of 'shattering' or 'violating' deeply.
El ladrón quebrantó la ley (The thief broke the law). El contratista incumplió el plazo (The contractor missed the deadline).
Both can result in a failure to fulfill an obligation.
'Desatender' means to neglect or disregard. It implies a failure to pay attention or give importance to something, which *leads* to a failure to fulfill. 'Incumplir' is the direct act of failing to fulfill. You might 'desatender' your duties (neglect them), and as a result, you 'incumplir' with them (fail to fulfill them).
Ella desatendió sus responsabilidades (She neglected her responsibilities). Como resultado, incumplió con sus deberes (As a result, she failed to fulfill her duties).
Both can describe an action (or lack thereof) that results in a failure.
'Omitir' means to leave out or fail to include something. It's about what is *not done* or *not said*. 'Incumplir' is about failing to fulfill a broader obligation, promise, or contract. You might 'omitir' a detail in a report, which could lead to an 'incumplimiento' of the report's requirements.
Omitió mencionar la fecha límite (He omitted mentioning the deadline). Esto causó un incumplimiento del plazo (This caused a failure to meet the deadline).
文型パターン
Subject + incumplir + Direct Object
El equipo incumplió el acuerdo.
Subject + no + cumplir + Direct Object
Ella no cumplió la tarea.
Subject + incumplir + con + Obligation
Él incumplió con sus deberes.
Subject + fallar + a + Obligation
El testigo falló a su palabra.
Noun (Incumplimiento) + de + Obligation/Contract
El incumplimiento de contrato es grave.
Passive voice: Direct Object + ser + incumplido
El plazo fue incumplido.
Future tense of incumplir
Si incumplen las reglas, habrá consecuencias.
Subjunctive mood with incumplir
Es importante que no incumplan con sus deberes.
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
Medium. More common in formal written and spoken Spanish than in casual conversation.
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Using 'incumplir' for minor forgetfulness.
→
Using 'no cumplir', 'olvidar', or 'se me olvidó'.
'Incumplir' is a formal term for failing to meet a significant obligation or promise. Forgetting to do something small is usually not described with 'incumplir' unless it has serious consequences.
-
Confusing 'incumplir' with 'cumplir'.
→
'Cumplir' means to fulfill; 'incumplir' means to fail to fulfill.
The prefix 'in-' negates the meaning of 'cumplir'. Learners might accidentally use 'cumplir' when they intend to express the failure to meet an obligation.
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Incorrectly conjugating the verb.
→
Ensuring correct verb endings for tense and person (e.g., 'yo incumplí', 'tú incumples').
Like any verb, 'incumplir' needs to be conjugated accurately. Mistakes in conjugation can lead to misunderstanding.
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Forgetting the direct object or 'con' phrase.
→
Always specifying what was not fulfilled (e.g., 'incumplir el contrato', 'incumplir con la tarea').
'Incumplir' is transitive and usually requires an object to complete its meaning. Not specifying what was failed to be fulfilled leaves the sentence incomplete.
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Using 'incumplir' in overly casual conversation.
→
Using 'no cumplir' or other simpler phrasing.
'Incumplir' has a formal register. Using it in casual chat can sound too strong, accusatory, or out of place.
ヒント
Stress the Right Syllable
Remember that the stress in 'incumplir' falls on the second syllable: in-cum-PLIR. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation much clearer and more natural.
Identify the Object
Most of the time, 'incumplir' needs to know *what* was not fulfilled. Pay attention to the direct object (e.g., 'el contrato') or the prepositional phrase (e.g., 'con la obligación') that follows the verb.
Antonym Association
Link 'incumplir' directly with its antonym, 'cumplir.' Visualizing 'cumplir' as a checkmark and 'incumplir' as a cross helps solidify the meaning.
Learn Related Words
Learning the noun form 'incumplimiento' and the verb 'cumplir' will greatly enhance your understanding and ability to use 'incumplir' correctly.
Sentence Creation
Actively create your own sentences using 'incumplir' in various contexts. Write them down, say them aloud, and try to use them in conversation if possible.
Read and Listen
Expose yourself to Spanish media like news articles, legal dramas, or business reports. This will help you see and hear 'incumplir' used naturally in its appropriate environments.
Know Your Alternatives
Be aware of synonyms like 'no cumplir' or 'fallar a'. Understanding the subtle differences in formality and nuance will help you choose the best word for the situation.
Avoid Overuse
Don't use 'incumplir' for every minor failure. Forgetting to bring a book is usually just 'se me olvidó' or 'no lo traje,' not 'incumplí mi promesa' unless the promise was very significant.
Verb Conjugation
Ensure you are conjugating 'incumplir' correctly for the tense and subject you are using. It's a regular -ir verb, so practice its conjugations.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine someone trying to 'cumplir' (fulfill) a task, but an 'IN' sign is blocking their way, preventing them from completing it. The 'IN' sign represents the 'in-' prefix, meaning 'not', so they are 'in-cumplir' - not fulfilling. They are failing to complete the task.
視覚的連想
Picture a broken clock with its hands stuck before the deadline, symbolizing a missed deadline. Or, visualize a handshake being forcefully broken by a wall, representing a broken agreement or promise.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to write three sentences using 'incumplir' in different contexts: one about a personal promise, one about a business agreement, and one about a legal obligation. Focus on using the correct grammatical structure and direct object.
語源
The word 'incumplir' is formed by the prefix 'in-' (meaning 'not') and the verb 'cumplir' (to fulfill, to comply). This structure clearly indicates the negation of fulfilling or complying.
元の意味： Literally means 'not to fulfill' or 'not to comply'.
Romance languages, derived from Latin 'complere' (to fill up, to complete).文化的な背景
Using 'incumplir' can be accusatory. Ensure you are using it in appropriate contexts where a formal failure to meet an obligation is being discussed. In casual settings, softer language might be preferred.
In English, we have similar concepts like 'to fail to fulfill,' 'to break a promise,' 'to breach a contract,' or 'to default.' The Spanish 'incumplir' encompasses all these nuances within a single, formal verb.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Legal proceedings and contract disputes
- incumplimiento de contrato
- incumplimiento de sentencia
- incumplimiento de las obligaciones legales
- acuerdo incumplido
Political discourse and campaign promises
- incumplir promesas electorales
- el gobierno incumplió
- incumplimiento de acuerdos políticos
- no cumplir con la palabra dada
Business and financial obligations
- incumplimiento de pago
- incumplir con los plazos de pago
- incumplimiento de las cláusulas
- incumplimiento de deudas
Personal commitments and promises
- incumplir una promesa
- incumplir su palabra
- no cumplir con lo prometido
- incumplir con un amigo
Rules, regulations, and duties
- incumplir las normas
- incumplir con el deber
- incumplimiento de las regulaciones
- desatender las responsabilidades
会話のきっかけ
"Have you ever had to deal with someone who failed to fulfill their promises?"
"What are the consequences of failing to meet contractual obligations in your country?"
"How important is it for politicians to fulfill their campaign promises?"
"Can you think of a situation where 'incumplir' would be the most appropriate word to use?"
"What's the difference between forgetting something and intentionally failing to fulfill an obligation?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you witnessed or experienced the failure to fulfill an important promise. What were the effects?
Reflect on a situation where you felt someone failed to meet their responsibilities. How did it impact you or others?
Consider the importance of keeping one's word. Write about why fulfilling commitments is crucial in personal and professional life.
Imagine you are writing a formal letter of complaint about a service that failed to meet expectations. Use the word 'incumplir' to describe the situation.
Discuss the ethical implications of failing to fulfill one's duties, whether personal, professional, or civic.
よくある質問
10 問'Cumplir' means to fulfill, meet, or comply with an obligation, promise, or requirement. 'Incumplir' is its direct opposite, meaning to fail to fulfill, to not meet, or to break an obligation or promise. Think of 'cumplir' as a checkmark (✓) and 'incumplir' as a cross (✗) where the checkmark should be.
'Incumplir' is generally more formal and carries a stronger connotation of a breach or violation. Use 'incumplir' in legal, business, or serious ethical contexts. For everyday, less formal situations, 'no cumplir' is often sufficient and more natural. For example, 'incumplir un contrato' (breach a contract) vs. 'no cumplir con la tarea' (not do the homework).
Not necessarily. 'Incumplir' can result from intentional action, negligence, or even oversight. The word itself describes the outcome – the failure to fulfill – rather than the specific intent behind it. However, in legal contexts, intent can be a crucial factor in determining consequences.
Some common phrases include 'incumplir una promesa' (to break a promise), 'incumplir un contrato' (to breach a contract), 'incumplir un plazo' (to miss a deadline), and 'incumplir con una obligación' (to fail to meet an obligation).
No, 'incumplir' is a regular -ir verb in its conjugation pattern. Once you know how to conjugate verbs like 'vivir' or 'subir,' you can conjugate 'incumplir' with the same endings for each tense and mood.
Yes, it can. For example, 'El plazo fue incumplido' (The deadline was missed). This is common when the focus is on the thing that was not fulfilled, rather than who failed to fulfill it.
The noun form is 'incumplimiento', which means 'non-fulfillment,' 'breach,' or 'failure to comply.' It is frequently used in legal and business contexts, such as 'incumplimiento de contrato' (breach of contract).
Yes, related verbs include 'quebrantar' (to violate, often laws), 'infringir' (to infringe, especially rules or rights), 'desatender' (to neglect), and 'fallar a' (to fail to keep a promise).
The prefix 'in-' in 'incumplir' acts as a negation. It turns the positive meaning of 'cumplir' (to fulfill) into its opposite: 'not to fulfill'.
It's generally better to use 'no cumplir' or other simpler phrases in very casual conversations, as 'incumplir' can sound overly formal or accusatory. However, if you are emphasizing a broken promise in a serious way, it might be appropriate.
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Summary
Incumplir means to fail to fulfill a promise, obligation, or duty, essentially breaking an agreement or commitment. It is often used in formal contexts like legal or business dealings.
- To fail to keep a promise or meet a requirement.
- Breaking an agreement or obligation.
- Not doing what was expected or promised.
- A formal term for not fulfilling a commitment.
Stress the Right Syllable
Remember that the stress in 'incumplir' falls on the second syllable: in-cum-PLIR. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation much clearer and more natural.
Context is Key
'Incumplir' is a formal verb. Reserve it for situations involving contracts, legal matters, serious promises, or significant duties. For everyday 'forgetting' or minor lapses, simpler phrases are better.
Identify the Object
Most of the time, 'incumplir' needs to know *what* was not fulfilled. Pay attention to the direct object (e.g., 'el contrato') or the prepositional phrase (e.g., 'con la obligación') that follows the verb.
Antonym Association
Link 'incumplir' directly with its antonym, 'cumplir.' Visualizing 'cumplir' as a checkmark and 'incumplir' as a cross helps solidify the meaning.
関連コンテンツ
politicsの関連語
a favor de
A2～に賛成して、～の利益になるように。
acusar
A2誰かを罪や過ちで告発すること。受け取りを通知すること。
administrativo
A2企業や政府の管理や運営に関する。名詞としては、事務員や管理アシスタントを指す。
alcalde
A2市長（alcalde）は、市や町の政府の長です。
alianza
A2アライアンス（alianza）は、国や組織の間の同盟を意味します。スペイン語では結婚指輪も意味します。
arrestar
A2警察は昨夜、容疑者を逮捕しなければなりませんでした。
burocracia
A2国家や組織の管理システム。「この国の官僚主義は非常に複雑です。」
candidato
A2その候補者は素晴らしい経歴を持っています。
candidatura
A2立候補（りっこうほ）や候補であることを指します。選挙、職務、または賞の選考過程における公式な状態です。
castigar
A2間違いを犯した誰かを罰すること。
