perforar 30秒で
- Perforar means to make a hole through something.
- It's commonly used in construction, crafts, and industry.
- Think of drilling or piercing a material.
- Examples: perforar la pared (to drill the wall), perforar el papel (to punch paper).
- Definition
- The Spanish verb 'perforar' means to make a hole through something. This is often done with a tool, like a drill, a needle, or even a sharp object. It implies creating an opening or a passage by piercing or boring.
- Usage
- You'll hear 'perforar' in many contexts. In DIY and construction, it's used when making holes in walls, wood, or metal. In sewing and crafts, it refers to making holes for stitches or to attach things. In medicine, it can describe piercing the skin, for example, when getting an injection or a piercing. It's also used metaphorically to describe making a way through something difficult, like 'perforar las defensas' (to break through the defenses).
- Examples
- 'Necesito perforar la pared para colgar este cuadro.' (I need to make a hole in the wall to hang this picture.)
- 'El taladro perforó la madera fácilmente.' (The drill pierced the wood easily.)
- 'La aguja perforó la tela para hacer la costura.' (The needle pierced the fabric to make the seam.)
El carpintero usa una broca para perforar la madera.
Para instalar la estantería, debemos perforar la pared.
- Related Actions
- Making a hole is a common action, and 'perforar' is the verb that most directly describes this. Other verbs might describe the *result* of making a hole (like 'agujerear' - to make a hole) or the *tool* used, but 'perforar' focuses on the action of piercing through.
- When Not to Use
- You wouldn't use 'perforar' for making a cut or a tear. For example, you would 'cortar' (to cut) paper, not 'perforar' it, unless you were using a hole punch. You also wouldn't use it for making a dent or a scratch.
- Basic Structure
- The most common structure is Subject + 'perforar' + Object. The object is the thing being perforated. Remember to conjugate 'perforar' according to the subject and tense.
- Present Tense Examples
- Yo perforo el papel con un punzón. (I perforate the paper with an awl.)
- Ella perfora la tela para sus manualidades. (She perforates the fabric for her crafts.)
- Nosotros perforamos la roca con el martillo neumático. (We perforate the rock with the jackhammer.)
- Past Tense Examples (Preterite)
- Él perforó la pared para pasar el cable. (He perforated the wall to pass the cable.)
- Los obreros perforaron el suelo para la nueva tubería. (The workers perforated the ground for the new pipe.)
- La máquina perforó los documentos rápidamente. (The machine perforated the documents quickly.)
- Past Tense Examples (Imperfect)
- El artista perforaba el metal con cuidado para crear su escultura. (The artist was perforating the metal with care to create his sculpture.)
- Mientras perforaba el cuero, el zapatero hablaba con el cliente. (While he was perforating the leather, the shoemaker was talking to the client.)
- Future Tense Examples
- Mañana perforaremos el techo para instalar la ventilación. (Tomorrow we will perforate the ceiling to install the ventilation.)
- El técnico perforará el bidón para extraer la muestra. (The technician will perforate the drum to extract the sample.)
- Using with Prepositions
- Sometimes you'll see 'perforar' followed by prepositions like 'a través de' (through) or 'en' (in/on) to specify the location or manner of perforation.
- La bala perforó el cristal. (The bullet perforated the glass.)
- El insecto perforó un pequeño agujero en la hoja. (The insect perforated a small hole in the leaf.)
- Imperative Mood
- ¡Perfora aquí para que podamos pasar el cable! (Perforate here so we can pass the cable! - informal singular)
- Por favor, perforen el documento en la sección indicada. (Please perforate the document in the indicated section. - formal plural)
Debemos perforar el metal para unir las piezas.
- Construction and DIY
- This is perhaps the most common place you'll encounter 'perforar'. In Spain and Latin America, when someone is building, renovating, or doing any home improvement, they will use 'perforar' to describe making holes. This could be for hanging shelves, installing fixtures, running wires, or assembling furniture. You'll hear phrases like '¿Necesitas perforar la pared?' (Do you need to perforate the wall?), 'Voy a perforar el techo para poner unas luces.' (I'm going to perforate the ceiling to put in some lights.), or 'Perforamos el hormigón con una broca especial.' (We perforated the concrete with a special drill bit.) The context is usually about practical, physical actions of creating openings.
- Manufacturing and Industry
- In factories and industrial settings, 'perforar' is used extensively. This applies to processes like creating holes in sheet metal for assembly, perforating paper or plastic for packaging, or even in more specialized fields like manufacturing microchips where precise perforations are crucial. You might hear instructions like 'Perforar cada diez centímetros.' (Perforate every ten centimeters.) or 'La máquina está diseñada para perforar materiales gruesos.' (The machine is designed to perforate thick materials.)
- Arts and Crafts
- Artists and crafters use 'perforar' when working with materials like fabric, leather, paper, or even metal. This could be for decorative purposes, like creating a pattern of holes in a lampshade, or for functional reasons, like perforating a notebook cover to bind it. Examples include: 'Perforé el cuero para hacer un cinturón.' (I perforated the leather to make a belt.) or 'El perforado de la tela crea un efecto de encaje.' (The perforation of the fabric creates a lace effect.)
- Medical and Scientific Contexts
- While less common in everyday conversation, 'perforar' is used in medical and scientific contexts. For example, a doctor might say they need to 'perforar el tímpano' (perforate the eardrum) for a specific procedure, or a scientist might describe how a substance 'perfora la membrana celular' (perforates the cell membrane). These are more technical uses but still fall under the definition of making a hole through something.
- Figurative Language
- Occasionally, 'perforar' can be used metaphorically. For instance, in sports, a commentator might say a player 'perforó la defensa' (perforated the defense), meaning they broke through it decisively. In a more abstract sense, it could refer to overcoming an obstacle by making a way through it. This usage is less frequent than the literal one but adds depth to the verb's application.
En la carpintería, es esencial saber cómo perforar la madera sin dañarla.
- Confusing with 'agujerear'
- While both 'perforar' and 'agujerear' mean to make a hole, 'perforar' often implies a more forceful or precise action, usually with a tool, and often implies going all the way through. 'Agujerear' can sometimes be used for making smaller or less precise holes, or even for accidental holes. For example, you would 'perforar' a wall to hang a shelf, but a moth might 'agujerear' a sweater. Using 'perforar' when 'agujerear' is more appropriate might sound slightly too technical or forceful.
- Confusing with 'taladrar'
- 'Taladrar' specifically means to drill, which is a *method* of perforating. Therefore, 'taladrar' is a more specific verb. You can 'taladrar' to 'perforar' something, but you can also 'perforar' with other tools (like a needle or an awl). Saying 'taladrar la tela' (to drill the fabric) would be incorrect; you would 'perforar' or 'agujerear' the fabric. 'Taladrar' is reserved for the action of drilling.
- Using 'perforar' for shallow holes
- 'Perforar' generally implies creating a hole that goes through the material or at least to a significant depth. If you're just making a small indentation or a shallow mark, 'perforar' is not the right word. For example, you wouldn't 'perforar' a piece of paper to draw a dot; you would use 'marcar' (to mark) or 'dibujar' (to draw). Similarly, you wouldn't 'perforar' a surface to scratch it; you'd use 'rayar' (to scratch).
- Incorrect Conjugation
- As with any verb, a common mistake is incorrect conjugation. 'Perforar' is a regular -ar verb, so its conjugations follow the standard patterns. Learners might mistakenly use forms from irregular verbs or apply the wrong endings. For instance, saying 'yo perforo' correctly is important, as opposed to an incorrect form like 'yo perfora' or 'yo perforamos' when referring to oneself.
- Overuse in Figurative Language
- While 'perforar' can be used metaphorically, overusing it in figurative contexts where a more common or precise idiom exists can sound unnatural. For example, instead of 'perforar la paciencia' (to perforate patience), one would more commonly say 'agotar la paciencia' (to exhaust patience) or 'poner a prueba la paciencia' (to test patience).
No se dice 'taladrar la tela', se dice 'perforar la tela' o 'agujerear la tela'.
- Agujerear
- Meaning: To make a hole or holes in something.
Comparison: 'Agujerear' is very similar to 'perforar' and is often used interchangeably for making holes. However, 'perforar' can sometimes imply a more deliberate, precise, or forceful action, often with a tool that goes through the material. 'Agujerear' can be used for more casual or accidental holes, or for making multiple small holes. For example, a moth might 'agujerear' a sweater, while a carpenter would 'perforar' a wall. Both verbs are common and widely understood. - Taladrar
- Meaning: To drill.
Comparison: This is a more specific verb. 'Taladrar' refers to the action of making a hole using a drill. 'Perforar' is the general action of making a hole, and 'taladrar' is one of the ways to achieve it. You can 'taladrar' a wall to 'perforar' it, but you can 'perforar' a piece of paper with a hole punch without 'taladrar'ing it. In contexts where drilling is involved, 'taladrar' is the precise term, while 'perforar' is also correct but less specific. - Hacer un agujero
- Meaning: To make a hole.
Comparison: This is a descriptive phrase rather than a single verb. It's a very common and straightforward way to express the idea of making a hole, especially in less technical contexts. It's less formal and more general than 'perforar'. For instance, you might say 'Necesito hacer un agujero aquí' (I need to make a hole here) which is perfectly understood, whereas 'Necesito perforar aquí' might sound slightly more technical depending on the context. - Perforar (noun form: perforación)
- Meaning: The act of making a hole, or the hole itself.
Comparison: While not a direct verb alternative, understanding the noun form 'perforación' is important. It refers to the result of the action. For example, 'La perforación en la pared es para el cableado.' (The perforation in the wall is for the wiring.) This is closely related to 'agujero' (hole), but 'perforación' often implies a hole made by a specific process, like drilling or piercing. - Atravesar
- Meaning: To go through, to pierce through.
Comparison: 'Atravesar' focuses on the act of passing through something, often implying a complete penetration. While 'perforar' also implies going through, 'atravesar' can be used for things that are not necessarily made of solid material, like passing through a crowd or a forest. However, when something sharp penetrates another object completely, both verbs can be used. For example, 'La flecha atravesó el escudo' (The arrow went through the shield) and 'La bala perforó el metal' (The bullet perforated the metal) are similar in meaning, with 'atravesar' emphasizing the passage and 'perforar' emphasizing the creation of the hole.
'Taladrar' es una forma de perforar.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The Latin root 'forare' is also related to words like 'forum' (originally an open space, but also a place for public discussion, implying piercing through silence) and 'forensic' (related to public debate and argumentation). The concept of 'piercing' or 'making a way through' seems to be a recurring theme.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'r' sound too strongly, like a trilled 'rr' when it should be a single tap.
- Incorrect stress placement, for example, stressing the first or second syllable.
- Pronouncing the 'o' sound incorrectly, making it too short or too long.
難易度
The verb 'perforar' is straightforward in its literal meaning. Understanding its application in various contexts (construction, crafts, industry) is key. Figurative uses might require more contextual understanding.
Conjugating 'perforar' is generally easy as it's a regular verb. The challenge lies in choosing the most appropriate verb among synonyms and using it correctly in diverse sentence structures.
Pronunciation is manageable with practice. The main aspect is recalling the word and its correct usage in spontaneous conversation.
Recognizing the word 'perforar' in speech is usually straightforward once familiar with its sound and typical contexts.
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知っておくべき文法
Regular -ar verb conjugation in the present indicative.
Yo perforo, tú perforas, él/ella/usted perfora, nosotros/nosotras perforamos, vosotros/vosotras perforáis, ellos/ellas/ustedes perforan.
Preterite tense of regular -ar verbs.
Yo perforé, tú perforaste, él/ella/usted perforó, nosotros/nosotras perforamos, vosotros/vosotras perforasteis, ellos/ellas/ustedes perforaron.
Imperfect tense of regular -ar verbs.
Yo perforaba, tú perforabas, él/ella/usted perforaba, nosotros/nosotras perforábamos, vosotros/vosotras perforabais, ellos/ellas/ustedes perforaban.
Future simple tense of regular -ar verbs.
Yo perforaré, tú perforarás, él/ella/usted perforará, nosotros/nosotras perforaremos, vosotros/vosotras perforaréis, ellos/ellas/ustedes perforarán.
Use of 'para' + infinitive to express purpose.
Perforamos la pared para pasar el cable.
レベル別の例文
Yo perforo un papel.
I make a hole in a paper.
Simple present tense, first person singular.
El niño perfora la caja.
The child makes a hole in the box.
Simple present tense, third person singular.
Perfora aquí.
Make a hole here.
Imperative, informal singular command.
Ella perfora la tela.
She makes a hole in the fabric.
Simple present tense, third person singular.
El coche perforó la valla.
The car broke through the fence.
Preterite tense, third person singular.
Perforamos el cartón.
We make a hole in the cardboard.
Simple present tense, first person plural.
La aguja perfora la tela.
The needle pierces the fabric.
Simple present tense, third person singular.
Perfora el globo.
Pierce the balloon.
Imperative, informal singular command.
El carpintero perforó la madera para poner el tornillo.
The carpenter drilled the wood to put in the screw.
Preterite tense, third person singular. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
Necesito perforar este documento para archivarlo.
I need to punch this document to file it.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'necesitar'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La máquina perforaba las hojas de metal.
The machine was punching the metal sheets.
Imperfect tense, third person singular. Describes an ongoing or habitual action in the past.
¿Vas a perforar la pared para colgar el cuadro?
Are you going to make a hole in the wall to hang the picture?
Future construction with 'ir a' + infinitive. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
El taladro perforó el hormigón fácilmente.
The drill bit perforated the concrete easily.
Preterite tense, third person singular.
Ella perforó el papel con un punzón.
She pierced the paper with an awl.
Preterite tense, third person singular.
Perforamos la lona para pasar las cuerdas.
We perforated the canvas to pass the ropes through.
Preterite tense, first person plural. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
El artista perforó el metal para crear un diseño.
The artist perforated the metal to create a design.
Preterite tense, third person singular. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
El ingeniero tendrá que perforar el terreno para evaluar la calidad del suelo.
The engineer will have to drill the ground to evaluate the soil quality.
Future tense, third person singular. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
Se perforó un túnel a través de la montaña.
A tunnel was drilled through the mountain.
Passive voice using 'se'. Preterite tense, third person singular.
Si no perforas la pared, no podrás instalar la estantería.
If you don't make a hole in the wall, you won't be able to install the shelf.
Conditional sentence. 'Si' + present tense, main clause 'futuro simple' or 'presente indicativo'.
La broca perforaba el bloque de cemento con gran dificultad.
The drill bit was perforating the cement block with great difficulty.
Imperfect tense, third person singular. Describes an ongoing action in the past with difficulty.
Han decidido perforar pozos de agua en la zona afectada por la sequía.
They have decided to drill water wells in the area affected by the drought.
Present perfect tense, third person plural. 'Perforar' is in infinitive after 'decidido'.
El sismógrafo registró la actividad de las máquinas que perforaban el subsuelo.
The seismograph registered the activity of the machines drilling the subsoil.
Preterite tense, third person plural for 'perforaban' (imperfect of action). 'Que' introduces a relative clause.
Para obtener la muestra, fue necesario perforar la roca madre.
To obtain the sample, it was necessary to perforate the bedrock.
Infinitive 'perforar' after 'necesario'. Passive voice implied.
El equipo de rescate perforó la nieve para alcanzar a los excursionistas atrapados.
The rescue team drilled through the snow to reach the trapped hikers.
Preterite tense, third person plural. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La empresa planea perforar en busca de yacimientos de petróleo en aguas profundas.
The company plans to drill in search of oil deposits in deep waters.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'planea'. 'En busca de' means 'in search of'.
Se ha determinado que el material es lo suficientemente resistente como para perforarlo sin riesgo de fractura.
It has been determined that the material is sufficiently resistant to perforate it without risk of fracture.
Passive voice with 'se'. 'Como para' + infinitive expresses degree of suitability.
El médico tuvo que perforar el tímpano para aliviar la presión interna.
The doctor had to perforate the eardrum to relieve the internal pressure.
Preterite tense, third person singular. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La investigación geológica implicará perforar muestras de sedimentos marinos.
The geological research will involve drilling samples of marine sediments.
Gerund 'perforar' used after 'implicará'. Future tense, third person singular.
La táctica del equipo fue perforar la defensa contraria por el flanco izquierdo.
The team's tactic was to break through the opposing defense on the left flank.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'fue'. Metaphorical use of the verb.
Los arqueólogos esperan perforar varias capas de tierra para desenterrar artefactos antiguos.
The archaeologists hope to drill through several layers of earth to unearth ancient artifacts.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'esperan'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La empresa de construcción se comprometió a perforar el muro de contención para instalar nuevos conductos.
The construction company committed to perforating the retaining wall to install new conduits.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'comprometió'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
Se debatirá si es viable perforar el glaciar para estudiar su composición interna.
It will be debated whether it is viable to drill into the glacier to study its internal composition.
Passive voice with 'se'. Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'viable'.
La optimización del proceso industrial requiere perforar el material en puntos estratégicos para mejorar la disipación de calor.
The optimization of the industrial process requires perforating the material at strategic points to improve heat dissipation.
Gerund 'perforar' used after 'requiere'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
El desarrollo de nuevos fármacos a menudo implica perforar membranas celulares para introducir compuestos activos.
The development of new drugs often involves perforating cell membranes to introduce active compounds.
Gerund 'perforar' used after 'implica'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La política económica adoptada buscaba perforar el estancamiento mediante reformas audaces.
The economic policy adopted sought to break through the stagnation through bold reforms.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'buscaba'. Metaphorical use related to overcoming obstacles.
Se propuso perforar el cráter lunar para investigar la presencia de hielo de agua.
It was proposed to drill into the lunar crater to investigate the presence of water ice.
Passive voice with 'se'. Infinitive 'perforar' after 'propuso'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La resistencia del material era tal que solo una herramienta especializada podría perforarlo eficazmente.
The material's resistance was such that only a specialized tool could perforate it effectively.
Conditional tense, third person singular. 'Tal que' expresses consequence or degree.
El informe técnico detalla los procedimientos necesarios para perforar con precisión en formaciones geológicas complejas.
The technical report details the necessary procedures for accurately perforating in complex geological formations.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'para'. 'Con precisión' means 'with precision'.
La estrategia militar preveía perforar las líneas enemigas en un punto débil.
The military strategy foresaw breaking through the enemy lines at a weak point.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'preveía'. Metaphorical use.
La innovación tecnológica ha permitido perforar materiales hasta ahora considerados impenetrables.
Technological innovation has allowed perforating materials until now considered impenetrable.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'permitido'. 'Hasta ahora' means 'until now'.
La intervención quirúrgica requirió perforar el cráneo con extrema delicadeza para acceder al tumor.
The surgical intervention required perforating the skull with extreme delicacy to access the tumor.
Gerund 'perforar' used after 'requirió'. 'Con extrema delicadeza' emphasizes carefulness.
El método de datación implicaba perforar núcleos de hielo milenarios para analizar su composición atmosférica.
The dating method involved drilling millennial ice cores to analyze their atmospheric composition.
Gerund 'perforar' used after 'implicaba'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La crisis económica amenazaba con perforar el tejido social si no se tomaban medidas paliativas.
The economic crisis threatened to perforate the social fabric if palliative measures were not taken.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'amenazaba con'. Metaphorical use, 'tejido social' means 'social fabric'.
La exploración geofísica sugiere la posibilidad de perforar a grandes profundidades para confirmar la existencia de acuíferos subterráneos.
Geophysical exploration suggests the possibility of drilling to great depths to confirm the existence of underground aquifers.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'posibilidad de'. 'A grandes profundidades' means 'to great depths'.
El diseño arquitectónico contemplaba perforar la fachada para permitir la entrada de luz natural y ventilación.
The architectural design contemplated perforating the facade to allow the entry of natural light and ventilation.
Gerund 'perforar' used after 'contemplaba'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
La investigación biomédica busca métodos para perforar la barrera hematoencefálica de forma controlada.
Biomedical research seeks methods to perforate the blood-brain barrier in a controlled manner.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'para'. 'De forma controlada' means 'in a controlled manner'.
El discurso político pretendía perforar la apatía ciudadana apelando a un sentido de urgencia.
The political discourse aimed to break through citizen apathy by appealing to a sense of urgency.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'pretendía'. Metaphorical use, 'apatía ciudadana' means 'citizen apathy'.
La nanotecnología avanza en la capacidad de perforar estructuras moleculares para aplicaciones terapéuticas.
Nanotechnology is advancing in the ability to perforate molecular structures for therapeutic applications.
Infinitive 'perforar' used after 'capacidad de'. 'Para' + infinitive indicates purpose.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To punch and seal; often used in industrial processes or packaging.
La máquina perfora y sella el plástico para crear las bolsas.
— To make a hole in order to pass something through.
Perforamos la madera para pasar el cable.
— To make a hole with accuracy or precision.
Es crucial perforar con precisión en este trabajo de ingeniería.
— To drill in search of (e.g., resources).
Las compañías petroleras perforan en busca de nuevos yacimientos.
— To pierce the heart (literal or metaphorical).
Una noticia así puede perforar el corazón de cualquiera.
— To pierce or penetrate a membrane (biological or other).
El virus logra perforar la membrana celular.
— To drill into or through rock.
Los mineros perforan la roca para extraer minerales.
— To pierce or make holes in fabric or tissue.
La aguja perfora el tejido sin dificultad.
よく混同される語
Very similar, often interchangeable. 'Perforar' can imply a more precise or forceful action.
Specifically means 'to drill'. 'Perforar' is the general action of making a hole, while 'taladrar' is a method.
To open. 'Abrir' is much more general and doesn't specifically mean making a hole through something.
慣用句と表現
— To deeply affect someone emotionally, to wound their spirit.
Sus palabras de despedida me perforaron el alma.
Literary/Emotional— To severely test someone's patience, to exasperate them.
La lentitud del servicio perforaba mi paciencia.
Informal/Figurative— To break up monotony or routine with something exciting or different.
Una visita inesperada perforó la monotonía de mi fin de semana.
Figurative— To reveal something hidden or mysterious, to lift a veil of secrecy.
La investigación logró perforar el velo de secretos que rodeaba el caso.
Figurative/Literary— Similar to 'perforar el alma', to deeply affect someone's spirit or morale.
La derrota del equipo perforó el espíritu de los aficionados.
Figurative— To cut through the air, often used for fast-moving objects or sounds.
El avión perforaba el aire a gran velocidad.
Figurative— To break through a siege or encirclement.
El ejército intentó perforar el cerco enemigo.
Military/Figurative— To pierce the shutter (often refers to camera shutters or mechanical shutters).
Una bala perforó el obturador de la cámara.
Technical/Figurative— To overcome doubt or uncertainty.
Sus explicaciones lograron perforar la duda que tenía.
Figurative— To break the silence with a sound.
Un graznido agudo perforó el silencio con un sonido inesperado.
Descriptive間違えやすい
Both verbs mean to make a hole in something.
'Perforar' often implies a more deliberate, tool-assisted action that goes completely through the material. 'Agujerear' can be used for more casual holes, or even accidental ones, and doesn't always imply going all the way through. For example, you 'perforar' a wall for a shelf, but a moth might 'agujerear' a sweater.
El taladro perforó la madera. La polilla agujereó mi jersey.
'Taladrar' is a specific way to 'perforar'.
'Taladrar' means 'to drill'. You use a drill (taladro) to 'taladrar'. 'Perforar' is the general action of making a hole. You can 'perforar' with a needle, a punch, or a drill. So, 'taladrar' is a subset of 'perforar'.
Perforé el papel con un punzón. El carpintero taladró la pared.
Both involve piercing.
'Punzar' generally means to pierce or prick with a sharp point, often creating a small hole or mark. 'Perforar' usually implies a more substantial hole, often made with a tool designed for that purpose, and typically going through the entire material. You might 'punzar' the skin to draw blood, but you would 'perforar' a wall to hang a picture.
El pinchazo punzó mi dedo. El taladro perforó el metal.
Both can involve going through something.
'Atravesar' focuses on the act of passing completely through something, emphasizing the journey or passage. 'Perforar' focuses more on the creation of the hole itself. A bullet 'perfora' the metal, and it also 'atraversa' it. However, you can 'atravesar' a crowd without 'perforar' anyone.
La flecha atravesó el escudo. El clavo perforó la tabla.
Both phrases describe the creation of a hole.
'Hacer un agujero' is a more general and descriptive phrase. 'Perforar' is a single verb that implies a more specific action, often with a tool and with the intent to go through the material. 'Hacer un agujero' is simpler and can be used in more contexts, while 'perforar' is more technical or precise.
Hice un agujero en mi pantalón. El zapatero perforó el cuero para el cierre.
文型パターン
Subject + perforar + Object.
Yo perforo el papel.
Perforar + Object.
Perfora aquí.
Subject + perforar + Object + para + Infinitive.
Perforamos la madera para pasar el tornillo.
Subject + (preterite of) perforar + Object.
El carpintero perforó la pared.
Se + (preterite of) perforar + Object.
Se perforó el suelo.
Subject + (future of) perforar + Object.
Ella perforará el cartón.
Subject + (verb expressing intention/plan) + perforar + Object.
Planeamos perforar en busca de agua.
Subject + (verb expressing necessity/requirement) + perforar + Object.
Es necesario perforar el material para mejorar la ventilación.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Common
-
Using 'taladrar' for fabric.
→
Perforar or agujerear la tela.
'Taladrar' means 'to drill', which is not appropriate for delicate materials like fabric. You would 'perforar' or 'agujerear' fabric with a needle or a specialized tool.
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Confusing 'perforar' with 'abrir'.
→
Perforar la pared.
'Abrir' means 'to open' and is very general. 'Perforar' specifically means to make a hole by piercing or drilling through something. You open a door, but you perforate a wall.
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Incorrect conjugation (e.g., 'yo perfora').
→
Yo perforo.
'Perforar' is a regular -ar verb. The first person singular present indicative ending is '-o', not '-a'.
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Using 'perforar' for a scratch.
→
Rayar la superficie.
'Perforar' implies making a hole that goes through something. For a surface mark or scratch, the verb 'rayar' (to scratch) is used.
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Overusing figurative language inappropriately.
→
El debate perforó el silencio.
While 'perforar' can be used figuratively (like 'perforar el silencio'), using it in situations where a more direct or common idiom exists can sound unnatural. For example, instead of 'perforar la paciencia', it's more common to say 'agotar la paciencia'.
ヒント
Distinguish from 'taladrar'
Remember that 'taladrar' specifically means 'to drill'. While drilling is a common way to 'perforar', 'perforar' is the broader term for making a hole. Use 'taladrar' when the action of drilling is central.
Connect to 'Perforation'
The English word 'perforate' is a direct cognate. Think of 'perforar' as the action that creates a 'perforation'. This connection can significantly help in recalling the meaning.
Common in DIY
You'll hear 'perforar' frequently when people talk about home improvement, building, or crafting. If someone is hanging a picture or assembling furniture, they'll likely need to 'perforar' something.
Regular Verb
'Perforar' is a regular -ar verb. This means its conjugations in most tenses follow predictable patterns, making it relatively easy to learn and use correctly.
Beyond the Literal
Don't forget that 'perforar' can be used metaphorically. It can describe breaking through defenses in sports or deeply affecting someone's emotions. Listen for these uses to expand your understanding.
Tap the 'r'
Pay attention to the single 'r' sound in 'perforar'. It's a quick tap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, similar to the 'tt' in 'butter' in American English, not a strong trill.
Consider 'Agujerear'
While 'perforar' is excellent, 'agujerear' is a close synonym. If the context is less technical or more about general holes, 'agujerear' might also be suitable.
Describe Your Actions
When doing tasks that involve making holes, try to describe them in Spanish using 'perforar'. For example, 'Estoy perforando el papel para mi proyecto.'
Related Nouns
Learn the related nouns: 'perforación' (the hole or the act of making it) and 'perforador' (a tool that perforates, like a hole punch).
Depth of Hole
'Perforar' generally implies making a hole that goes through the material. If you're just making a shallow mark or indentation, other verbs might be more appropriate.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a 'perfect' hole being 'forged' through something. 'Per-fect' + 'for-ged' sounds a bit like 'perforar'. Or, think of a 'perforated' card – it has holes 'perforated' through it.
視覚的連想
Visualize a drill bit ('broca') powerfully 'perforating' a solid block of wood, creating a clean, circular hole that goes all the way through. The action is forceful and direct.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe three different objects you might need to 'perforar' in your daily life and why. For example, 'I need to perforar my notebook cover to add more pages.' or 'The mechanic needs to perforar the car's chassis to install a new part.'
語源
The word 'perforar' comes from the Latin verb 'perforare', which is composed of 'per-' (meaning 'through') and 'forare' (meaning 'to bore' or 'to pierce'). This Latin root directly reflects the meaning of making a hole all the way through something.
元の意味： To bore through, to pierce through.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Spanish文化的な背景
The verb itself is neutral. However, the context in which it's used can be sensitive. For example, 'perforar el tímpano' refers to a medical procedure, and 'perforar el cráneo' refers to surgery, both requiring careful and skilled execution.
In English, we use words like 'to drill', 'to pierce', 'to bore', 'to punch', and 'to perforate'. 'Perforate' is a cognate and carries a very similar meaning.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Home improvement and DIY projects.
- Perforar la pared para colgar algo.
- ¿Necesitas perforar el techo?
- Voy a perforar la madera para hacer una estantería.
Manufacturing and industrial settings.
- La máquina perfora miles de piezas al día.
- Perforar chapa metálica.
- Procedimiento para perforar el material.
Arts, crafts, and hobbies.
- Perforar el cuero para un cinturón.
- Perforar el papel para decorar.
- La aguja perfora la tela.
Technical and scientific fields (e.g., geology, medicine).
- Perforar el terreno para obtener muestras.
- Perforar el tímpano.
- Perforar la roca madre.
Figurative language, especially in sports or abstract concepts.
- Perforar la defensa.
- Perforar el silencio.
- Perforar la monotonía.
会話のきっかけ
"What's the most interesting thing you've ever had to perforate?"
"Can you describe a time you used a drill to perforate something at home?"
"If you could perforate anything in the world, what would it be and why?"
"Have you ever seen a machine that perforates materials on a large scale?"
"How would you explain the difference between 'perforar' and 'agujerear' to someone learning Spanish?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a DIY project you've done or want to do, focusing on the steps that involve 'perforar'.
Reflect on a time when a simple action, like 'perforar' a piece of paper, had a significant outcome.
Imagine you are a craftsman. Write a short story about a piece you are creating, using the verb 'perforar' to describe your technique.
Consider the figurative uses of 'perforar'. Write about a situation where you had to 'perforar' an obstacle or a challenge.
Think about tools that 'perforan'. Describe your favorite tool and how it helps you 'perforar' tasks.
よくある質問
10 問'Perforar' and 'agujerear' are very similar and often used interchangeably to mean 'to make a hole'. However, 'perforar' often implies a more deliberate, precise, or forceful action, usually with a tool that goes completely through the material. 'Agujerear' can be used for more casual or accidental holes, or for making multiple small holes. For example, you would 'perforar' a wall to hang a shelf, but a moth might 'agujerear' a sweater.
While 'perforar' is most commonly used for making physical holes in materials, it can also be used figuratively. For example, in sports, 'perforar la defensa' means to break through the opponent's defense. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that deeply affects someone emotionally, like 'perforar el alma'.
'Taladrar' specifically means 'to drill', which is the action of using a drill (taladro) to make a hole. 'Perforar' is the more general verb for making a hole. You 'taladrar' in order to 'perforar'. So, you can 'perforar' a piece of paper with a hole punch (which doesn't involve drilling), but you would 'taladrar' a wall to 'perforar' it for a hook.
'Perforar' is a regular -ar verb. In the present indicative, it conjugates as: yo perforo, tú perforas, él/ella/usted perfora, nosotros/nosotras perforamos, vosotros/vosotras perforáis, ellos/ellas/ustedes perforan. For other tenses, follow the standard regular -ar verb patterns.
You'll commonly hear 'perforar' in contexts related to construction (making holes in walls), manufacturing (punching metal sheets), DIY projects (drilling wood), arts and crafts (making holes in paper or fabric), and sometimes in technical fields like geology (drilling for samples) or medicine.
Certainly. In sports, a commentator might say: 'El delantero logró perforar la defensa rival con una jugada espectacular.' (The forward managed to break through the rival defense with a spectacular play.) Here, 'perforar' means to break through or penetrate.
The noun form is 'perforación', which means 'a perforation' or 'a hole made by perforating'. For example, 'La perforación en el metal era muy precisa.' (The perforation in the metal was very precise.)
Yes, 'perforador' is the Spanish word for a tool that perforates, such as a hole punch. You might also hear 'perforadora' for a machine that perforates, like a heavy-duty industrial perforating machine.
Think of the English word 'perforate', which means to make holes. The Spanish verb 'perforar' is very similar and describes the act of creating a 'perforation'. You can also associate it with the sound of a drill: 'per-fo-RA-r'.
'Hacer un agujero' is a more general and simpler phrase meaning 'to make a hole'. You might use it in casual situations or when the specific action of piercing or drilling isn't emphasized. 'Perforar' is often more precise and implies a specific method or intent, especially when using tools.
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Summary
The Spanish verb 'perforar' means to make a hole through something, typically with a tool. It's widely used in practical contexts like construction ('perforar la pared' - to drill the wall), manufacturing, and crafts. It implies a direct action of piercing or boring through a material.
- Perforar means to make a hole through something.
- It's commonly used in construction, crafts, and industry.
- Think of drilling or piercing a material.
- Examples: perforar la pared (to drill the wall), perforar el papel (to punch paper).
Distinguish from 'taladrar'
Remember that 'taladrar' specifically means 'to drill'. While drilling is a common way to 'perforar', 'perforar' is the broader term for making a hole. Use 'taladrar' when the action of drilling is central.
Connect to 'Perforation'
The English word 'perforate' is a direct cognate. Think of 'perforar' as the action that creates a 'perforation'. This connection can significantly help in recalling the meaning.
Common in DIY
You'll hear 'perforar' frequently when people talk about home improvement, building, or crafting. If someone is hanging a picture or assembling furniture, they'll likely need to 'perforar' something.
Regular Verb
'Perforar' is a regular -ar verb. This means its conjugations in most tenses follow predictable patterns, making it relatively easy to learn and use correctly.
例文
Necesitamos perforar la pared para colgar el cuadro.
関連コンテンツ
toolsの関連語
abrazadera
B1ホースを固定するためにクランプが必要です。
adaptador
A2アダプターは、異なるサイズや種類の2つの部品を接続するためのデバイスです。
adecuadamente
A2適切に、または妥当に。彼はその質問に適切に答えた。
adecuado
A2特定の目的や状況に適していること。ニーズにぴったり合っているものを表現するのに最適な言葉です。
adhesivo
A2物を接着するために使用される物質。接着剤。
afilado
A2刃や先が鋭いこと。「鋭利なナイフ」「鋭い機知」
aflojar
A2何かを緩める、または圧力を下げること。 'ベルトを少し緩める (aflojar) 必要があります。'
alambre
A2針金（はりがね）は、金属を細長く引き伸ばしたもので、工作やフェンスに使われます。
alicates
A2物を掴んだり切ったりするためのペンチ。彼はペンチを使って針金を曲げた。
amoladora
B2アモラドラ（グラインダー）は、金属や石を削ったり切ったりするための電動工具です。
