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B2 noun 12分で読める

sustancia

例文 sustancia 30秒で
解説 sustancia in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'sustancia' as a word for 'the things' or 'the stuff' inside something. It is a bit advanced for beginners, but you might see it on labels of food or cleaning products. For example, if you see a bottle of juice, the 'sustancia' is the juice itself. You don't need to use this word often yet, but knowing it means 'a thing' or 'material' is a good start. Just remember it is 'la sustancia' (feminine). You might hear it in a kitchen context when someone is talking about a soup being very 'strong' or 'good'. It’s like saying the food has a lot of 'good stuff' in it. In short, at A1, just recognize it as a noun for material or the main part of a food.
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At the A2 level, you should start to recognize 'sustancia' in more specific contexts like cooking or simple science. When you describe a meal, you can say it has 'sustancia' if it is very filling and nutritious. It's a common way to talk about traditional stews or soups. You might also see it in basic health instructions, like 'do not touch this substance'. You should be able to use it in simple sentences with adjectives like 'buena' (good), 'mala' (bad), or 'peligrosa' (dangerous). For example: 'Esta sustancia es peligrosa'. It helps you describe materials more accurately than just using the word 'cosa' (thing). You are beginning to understand that it refers to the physical material of an object.
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At the B1 level, you are ready to use 'sustancia' in more abstract ways. Beyond just physical materials or food, you can use it to talk about the 'core' or 'essence' of something. For instance, you can say a movie or a book has 'poca sustancia' if you think it is shallow or boring. This shows you are thinking about deeper meanings. You will also encounter it in news reports about the environment (sustancias contaminantes) or health (sustancias nutritivas). You should be comfortable using it in the plural ('sustancias') and matching it with more complex adjectives. You are starting to see the word in professional or academic settings, and you can use it to add more weight to your descriptions of ideas and physical objects alike.
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At the B2 level, 'sustancia' becomes a key vocabulary item for precise communication. You should use it to distinguish between general matter and specific chemical or physical entities. You are expected to use collocations like 'sustancia gris' when talking about the brain or 'sustancias estupefacientes' when discussing legal issues. You can also use the phrase 'en sustancia' to summarize an argument effectively. At this level, you understand that 'sustancia' implies a certain depth or quality. If a person 'no tiene sustancia', you know it's a critique of their character. Your ability to flip between the literal chemical meaning and the metaphorical 'essence' meaning is a hallmark of this intermediate-advanced stage. You can write reports or give presentations using this word to sound more professional and accurate.
At the C1 level, your use of 'sustancia' should be nuanced and sophisticated. You will use it in philosophical, legal, and high-level academic discussions. You understand the metaphysical implications of 'sustancia'—referring to the underlying reality that supports properties. You can use it to critique complex theories, noting where they lack 'sustancia intelectual'. You are also familiar with its use in literature to describe the 'pith' of a narrative. Your vocabulary around this word includes related terms like 'sustancioso' (rich/substantial) and 'sustancialmente' (substantially). You can navigate formal documents where 'sustancias' refers to specific legal categories of materials. You use the word to provide clarity and depth to your arguments, moving effortlessly between different registers of Spanish, from the culinary to the scientific to the philosophical.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'sustancia' and all its historical and technical connotations. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about 'substance' in the Aristotelian or Spinozist sense. You use the word with absolute precision in technical fields, whether it's chemistry, law, or medicine. You are aware of rare or archaic uses and can interpret them in classical Spanish literature. You use 'sustancia' to weave complex metaphors and can identify the subtle difference between 'sustancia', 'esencia', and 'entidad' in any given context. Your speech is rich with idioms and you can use 'sustancia' to convey authority and intellectual depth. There is no context—be it a high-court ruling, a scientific breakthrough, or a gourmet food critique—where you cannot use 'sustancia' or its derivatives with perfect accuracy and native-like flair.
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例文

sustancia 30秒で

  • Sustancia means physical matter or chemical material.
  • It also refers to the essence or core of an idea or speech.
  • In cooking, it describes the richness and nutrition of food.
  • It is a feminine noun: la sustancia.

The Spanish word sustancia is a multi-faceted noun that primarily translates to "substance" in English. At its most basic level, it refers to matter or physical material that has a definite chemical composition and distinct properties. However, its usage extends far beyond the laboratory. In everyday Spanish, sustancia is used to describe the essence, the core, or the most important part of something, whether that be a conversation, a book, or a meal. When you talk about a sustancia, you are often referring to what makes an object what it is, stripped of its superficial qualities.

Physical Matter
In a scientific context, it refers to any material with a uniform composition. For example, water, gold, and oxygen are all considered sustancias. This is the most direct translation for English speakers and is commonly found in textbooks and news reports concerning the environment or health.
Nutritional Value
In the culinary world, particularly in Spain and Latin America, sustancia refers to the richness or heartiness of food. A soup with "mucha sustancia" is one that is thick, flavorful, and packed with nutrients. It implies that the food is not just water and salt, but has actual body and nourishment.
Abstract Essence
Metaphorically, it refers to the pith or the gist of an idea. If a speech lacks sustancia, it means it is hollow, filled with buzzwords but lacking real meaning or evidence. This usage is crucial for B2 learners who are moving into more complex discussions about literature and politics.

El científico analizó la sustancia desconocida en el laboratorio para determinar su toxicidad.

Este caldo de pollo tiene mucha sustancia; se nota que ha hervido durante horas.

Furthermore, the word is frequently used in legal and medical contexts. You might hear about "sustancias prohibidas" (prohibited substances/drugs) in news reports about sports or crime. In these cases, the word carries a weight of formality and technicality. For a B2 learner, recognizing that sustancia can bridge the gap between a simple kitchen pot and a complex chemical formula is key to mastering its range. Whether you are describing the "sustancia gris" (gray matter) of the brain or the "sustancia" of a legal contract, the core idea remains: the fundamental material or essence of the subject at hand.

La sustancia de su argumento era que el cambio climático es irreversible.

Common Contexts
1. Chemistry: Substances like acids or bases. 2. Nutrition: The "good stuff" in food. 3. Philosophy: The underlying reality of things. 4. Law: Illegal narcotics.

Mezcló dos sustancias reactivas y provocó una pequeña explosión controlada.

Es un discurso vacío, sin sustancia ni propuestas reales para la comunidad.

Using sustancia correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and how it interacts with adjectives and verbs. Because it can be both concrete (a physical chemical) and abstract (the essence of a thought), your choice of surrounding words will signal to the listener which meaning you intend. In its concrete sense, it often appears with scientific adjectives like química, orgánica, or peligrosa. In its abstract sense, it often pairs with verbs like tener, carecer, or extraer.

With Adjectives
When describing physical materials: "sustancia viscosa" (viscous substance), "sustancia pura" (pure substance). When describing ideas: "sustancia intelectual" (intellectual substance), "poca sustancia" (little substance/shallow).

La policía confiscó una sustancia blanquecina que resultó ser azúcar.

One interesting grammatical feature of sustancia is its use in the phrase "en sustancia". This is a somewhat formal way of saying "in essence" or "briefly put". For example, "Te contaré el plan en sustancia" means "I will tell you the plan in brief/the gist of the plan". This is a high-level B2/C1 construction that demonstrates sophisticated command of the language. It moves away from the literal and into the rhetorical, which is exactly what examiners look for at these levels.

El resumen explica el libro en sustancia, omitiendo los detalles menos relevantes.

Para que el guiso tenga sustancia, debes añadirle huesos de jamón.

In scientific writing, the plural sustancias is used to categorize different types of matter. For instance, "sustancias puras y mezclas" (pure substances and mixtures). Here, the word acts as a countable noun. It is important to match the gender of any accompanying adjectives: "sustancias peligrosas", "sustancias inflamables". If you are writing a report or an essay, using these specific collocations will make your Spanish sound more authentic and precise.

El vertido de sustancias químicas al río ha causado una catástrofe ecológica.

Verb Pairings
"Contener una sustancia" (To contain a substance), "Analizar una sustancia" (To analyze a substance), "Carecer de sustancia" (To lack substance/depth).

Sus palabras carecían de sustancia; era pura retórica sin fundamento.

La sustancia fundamental de la vida es el ADN, según la biología moderna.

You will encounter sustancia in a surprisingly diverse range of environments. If you are watching a Spanish news broadcast, you might hear it during the health or science segments. Reporters often discuss "sustancias nocivas" (harmful substances) when talking about air pollution or "sustancias dopantes" (doping substances) when covering sports scandals. In these contexts, the word is used with clinical precision, emphasizing the physical and chemical nature of the material being discussed.

In the Kitchen
Listen to a Spanish grandmother or a professional chef. They might say, "Este guiso necesita más sustancia". They aren't asking for chemicals; they want more flavor, more fat, more meat—more of the things that make the dish satisfying and nutritious. It's a very common, earthy use of the word.

Abuela dice que la sopa de sobre no tiene sustancia y prefiere hacerla ella misma.

In academic or philosophical settings, sustancia takes on a more metaphysical tone. If you are attending a lecture on Spanish literature or history, a professor might talk about the "sustancia de la nación" (the substance/essence of the nation) or the "sustancia del pensamiento quijotesco". Here, they are referring to the underlying spirit or the fundamental ideas that define a concept. This usage is less common in casual street talk but is a staple of formal Spanish education and high-brow media like El País or RTVE documentaries.

El filósofo debatió sobre la sustancia del alma y su relación con el cuerpo físico.

La resonancia mostró una lesión en la sustancia blanca del hemisferio izquierdo.

Finally, in the legal and police world, sustancia is the standard term for drugs. You will see headlines like "Incautadas varias sustancias estupefacientes" (Several narcotic substances seized). It is a formal way to refer to illegal drugs without necessarily specifying which ones they are. For a B2 learner, understanding this register is important for reading newspapers or watching crime thrillers in Spanish. The word carries a certain weight and seriousness that simpler words like "drogas" might lack in a formal police report.

News Keywords
"Sustancias tóxicas", "Sustancias controladas", "Sustancia psicotrópica".

El camión transportaba sustancias inflamables y tuvo que ser escoltado por seguridad.

No te fíes de él; es un hombre de poca sustancia y muchas promesas vacías.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with sustancia is treating it solely as a scientific term. While it is certainly used in science, failing to use it in abstract or culinary contexts will make your Spanish sound stiff. For example, if you only use "esencia" or "resumen" to talk about the core of an idea, you are missing out on the very natural use of "sustancia". Another common error is gender agreement. Remember, it is always la sustancia, even though it ends in 'a'—which is usually a safe bet for feminine, but some learners get confused by other 'a' nouns that are masculine (like el problema).

The "Sustancial" Confusion
Learners often confuse the noun "sustancia" with the adjective "sustancial". While "sustancia" is the thing itself, "sustancial" means "substantial" or "significant". You can have a "cambio sustancial" (substantial change), but you cannot have a "cambio sustancia".

Hubo un error en el informe: confundieron la sustancia química con el producto final.

Another pitfall is the use of "sustancia" vs. "materia". While they are related, "materia" is more general (like "matter" in physics), whereas "sustancia" implies a specific kind of matter with specific properties. You wouldn't say "la materia del agua" to mean the chemical substance of water; you would say "la sustancia". Conversely, you wouldn't say "la sustancia oscura" to refer to the "dark matter" in the universe; that is specifically "materia oscura". Learning these nuances is what separates a B1 learner from a B2/C1 speaker.

Es incorrecto decir que el vacío es una sustancia; técnicamente es la ausencia de ella.

La sustancia pegajosa en el suelo era difícil de limpiar sin productos especiales.

Finally, be careful with the plural. In English, we often use "substances" to imply drugs. In Spanish, "sustancias" can also mean drugs, but it is often paired with an adjective like "sustancias prohibidas" or "sustancias ilícitas". Using just "sustancias" in a casual conversation might be ambiguous. If you want to talk about drugs specifically in a casual way, use "drogas". If you are being formal or scientific, use the full phrase. Also, avoid using "sustancia" to mean "sustenance" in the sense of a livelihood or income; for that, use "sustento".

False Friend Alert
"Sustancia" is NOT "sustenance" (food as a means of staying alive). For that, use "sustento". While related to food richness, they aren't interchangeable.

Trabaja duro para conseguir el sustento de su familia, no la sustancia.

No es una cosa cualquiera, es una sustancia altamente inflamable que requiere cuidado.

To truly master sustancia, you need to know how it compares to its synonyms and near-synonyms. Spanish is a rich language with many words that overlap in meaning but differ in register or specific application. Choosing the right word can help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a translation software. Below are some of the most common alternatives and how they differ from sustancia.

Materia vs. Sustancia
"Materia" is the general physical stuff of the universe. "Sustancia" is a specific type of matter. Think of "materia" as the category and "sustancia" as the specific instance or chemical identity.
Esencia vs. Sustancia
While both can mean "essence", "esencia" is more poetic and abstract. You talk about the "esencia de un perfume" or the "esencia de la vida". "Sustancia" is slightly more grounded, often implying the core argument or the nutritional value.
Cuerpo vs. Sustancia
In the context of food or wine, "cuerpo" (body) is a close synonym for "sustancia". A wine with "mucho cuerpo" is heavy and complex, similar to a soup with "mucha sustancia". However, "cuerpo" is more about the tactile sensation, while "sustancia" is about the content.

Aunque el perfume tiene una sustancia aceitosa, su esencia es floral y ligera.

Another word to consider is "contenido" (content). If you are talking about a book or a speech, you might use "contenido" to describe what is inside, but "sustancia" implies that the content has value or depth. A book with "mucho contenido" might just be long, but a book with "mucha sustancia" is profound and meaningful. This distinction is vital for B2 students who are learning to express opinions and evaluations of media and literature.

El artículo tiene mucho contenido técnico, pero le falta sustancia crítica.

Los abogados discutieron el fondo del caso, analizando cada sustancia de la evidencia.

Finally, when discussing chemistry, you might use "compuesto" (compound) or "elemento" (element). A "sustancia" can be either an element or a compound. Using these more specific terms when appropriate shows a higher level of vocabulary. For example, instead of saying "una sustancia de hidrógeno y oxígeno", you should say "un compuesto de hidrógeno y oxígeno" (water). This precision is exactly what distinguishes advanced learners.

Register Comparison
Formal: Sustancia, Materia, Esencia. Informal/Colloquial: Chicha (meaning substance/meat), Fundamento, Cuerpo.

Ese proyecto no tiene ni chicha ni sustancia; es una pérdida de tiempo total.

Al final, la sustancia de la vida se encuentra en los pequeños momentos compartidos.

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レベル別の例文

1

La sustancia es roja.

The substance is red.

Simple noun-adjective agreement.

2

Es una sustancia buena.

It is a good substance.

Feminine gender used with 'una' and 'buena'.

3

No toques la sustancia.

Don't touch the substance.

Imperative 'no toques'.

4

La sopa tiene sustancia.

The soup has substance (it is rich).

Common use in food.

5

Hay una sustancia en la mesa.

There is a substance on the table.

Use of 'hay' for existence.

6

La sustancia huele bien.

The substance smells good.

Verb 'oler' in present tense.

7

Es una sustancia de la cocina.

It is a substance from the kitchen.

Preposition 'de' showing origin.

8

¿Qué es esta sustancia?

What is this substance?

Question form with 'qué'.

1

Esta sustancia química es muy fuerte.

This chemical substance is very strong.

Adding a specific adjective 'química'.

2

El caldo tiene mucha sustancia y sabor.

The broth has a lot of substance and flavor.

Using 'mucha' to quantify.

3

Mezclamos dos sustancias para el experimento.

We mix two substances for the experiment.

Plural form 'sustancias'.

4

Esa sustancia mancha la ropa blanca.

That substance stains white clothes.

Verb 'manchar' (to stain).

5

La sustancia se volvió sólida rápidamente.

The substance became solid quickly.

Reflexive verb 'volverse' for change.

6

Necesitamos una sustancia para limpiar el suelo.

We need a substance to clean the floor.

Infinitive 'limpiar' for purpose.

7

La sustancia está dentro de la botella.

The substance is inside the bottle.

Preposition 'dentro de'.

8

No bebas ninguna sustancia extraña.

Don't drink any strange substance.

Negative imperative with 'ninguna'.

1

Su discurso tuvo poca sustancia y muchas palabras vacías.

His speech had little substance and many empty words.

Abstract usage of 'sustancia'.

2

El médico analizó la sustancia en la sangre del paciente.

The doctor analyzed the substance in the patient's blood.

Medical context.

3

Es importante eliminar las sustancias tóxicas del hogar.

It is important to eliminate toxic substances from the home.

Adjective 'tóxicas' plural agreement.

4

La sustancia del libro es la lucha por la libertad.

The substance of the book is the struggle for freedom.

Identifying the core theme.

5

Esta planta produce una sustancia pegajosa para atrapar insectos.

This plant produces a sticky substance to catch insects.

Biological description.

6

El aire contiene sustancias que pueden ser perjudiciales.

The air contains substances that can be harmful.

Relative clause 'que pueden ser'.

7

La crema tiene una sustancia activa muy eficaz contra el acné.

The cream has an active substance very effective against acne.

Technical term 'sustancia activa'.

8

Queremos extraer la sustancia pura del mineral.

We want to extract the pure substance from the mineral.

Verb 'extraer' (to extract).

1

La policía incautó diversas sustancias estupefacientes en el puerto.

The police seized various narcotic substances at the port.

Formal legal/police register.

2

El informe explica en sustancia los motivos de la crisis.

The report explains in essence the reasons for the crisis.

Idiomatic 'en sustancia'.

3

La sustancia gris del cerebro es fundamental para el procesamiento.

The gray matter of the brain is fundamental for processing.

Anatomical term 'sustancia gris'.

4

No hay sustancia real en sus acusaciones contra la empresa.

There is no real substance in his accusations against the company.

Abstract 'sustancia' meaning evidence/truth.

5

El guiso ha perdido sustancia al añadirle demasiada agua.

The stew has lost substance by adding too much water.

Culinary use: richness/body.

6

Estas sustancias reaccionan violentamente al entrar en contacto con el calor.

These substances react violently upon coming into contact with heat.

Scientific precision.

7

El agua es una sustancia vital para todos los seres vivos.

Water is a vital substance for all living beings.

General scientific truth.

8

Cuidado con las sustancias inflamables cerca de la chimenea.

Be careful with flammable substances near the fireplace.

Safety warning.

1

La sustancia de su filosofía radica en la dualidad entre mente y cuerpo.

The substance of his philosophy lies in the duality between mind and body.

Metaphysical usage.

2

El autor logra capturar la sustancia de la vida rural en su novela.

The author manages to capture the essence of rural life in his novel.

Literary analysis.

3

Se detectaron trazas de una sustancia prohibida en el análisis del atleta.

Traces of a prohibited substance were detected in the athlete's analysis.

Technical 'trazas de una sustancia'.

4

La ley regula el transporte de sustancias peligrosas por carretera.

The law regulates the transport of dangerous substances by road.

Legal/Regulatory context.

5

Es un hombre sin sustancia, incapaz de mantener una conversación profunda.

He is a man without substance, incapable of having a deep conversation.

Idiomatic critique of character.

6

La sustancia blanca coordina la comunicación entre las diferentes áreas cerebrales.

The white matter coordinates communication between different brain areas.

Advanced medical terminology.

7

El contrato carece de sustancia legal debido a un error de forma.

The contract lacks legal substance due to a formal error.

Legal 'carecer de sustancia'.

8

La sustancia fundamental de la materia sigue siendo un misterio para los físicos.

The fundamental substance of matter remains a mystery for physicists.

Conceptual scientific use.

1

Aristóteles definió la sustancia como aquello que existe por sí mismo.

Aristotle defined substance as that which exists by itself.

Philosophical definition.

2

La transubstanciación es el cambio de una sustancia en otra durante la misa.

Transubstantiation is the change of one substance into another during mass.

Theological/Etymological derivative.

3

El tejido social ha perdido su sustancia debido al individualismo extremo.

The social fabric has lost its substance due to extreme individualism.

Sociological metaphor.

4

Se requiere un análisis espectroscópico para identificar la sustancia exacta.

A spectroscopic analysis is required to identify the exact substance.

Hyper-technical scientific context.

5

La sustancia del litigio versa sobre la propiedad intelectual del algoritmo.

The substance of the litigation concerns the intellectual property of the algorithm.

Formal legal 'sustancia del litigio'.

6

Sus poemas poseen una sustancia telúrica que conecta con la tierra.

His poems possess a telluric substance that connects with the earth.

Poetic/Literary use.

7

La sustancia volátil se evaporó antes de que pudiéramos medirla.

The volatile substance evaporated before we could measure it.

Specific chemical property 'volátil'.

8

Es imperativo discernir la sustancia del accidente para evitar futuras tragedias.

It is imperative to discern the substance (root cause) of the accident to avoid future tragedies.

Formal 'discernir la sustancia'.

よく使う組み合わせ

sustancia química
sustancia gris
sustancia peligrosa
sustancia nutritiva
poca sustancia
sus
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