Chapter in 30 Seconds
Unlock your first Farsi sentences by mastering pronouns, sentence structure, and pointing to the world around you.
- Identify personal pronouns to introduce yourself and others.
- Construct natural SOV sentences like a native speaker.
- Point out objects near and far with ease.
学べること
Hey there! Ready to kickstart your Farsi journey from scratch? This chapter is your go-to guide for introducing yourself, your friends, and even the things around you! First up, we'll dive into the magic words 'man' (I), 'to' (you, informal), and 'u' (he/she). You'll discover how cool Farsi is – 'u' works for everyone, no gender needed! Then, you'll learn the secret to choosing between 'to' and 'shomā' (you, formal/plural) to show respect. Nailing this is key to sounding natural and thoughtful. Next, you'll master how to build Farsi sentences like a delicious sandwich: the subject comes first, then all the details, and the verb always at the end. Instead of saying 'ate I food', you'll learn the natural flow of 'man ghazā khordam' (I ate food). Your sentences will become smooth and effortless! After that, we'll get to grips with 'in' (this) and 'ān' (that). Imagine pointing out 'this is my phone' or 'that is the book'. You'll learn exactly how to use these two words to refer to things near and far. Finally, we'll tackle 'hast' (there is/it is) and 'nist' (there isn't/it isn't). Picture yourself in a cafe, wanting to ask 'Is there coffee?' or 'Is there Wi-Fi here?' Super useful, right? By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to introduce yourself and others, point to objects, and form basic sentences. Don't worry, it's really easy and we're going to have a blast!
-
ペルシャ語の人称代名詞：私、君、彼・彼女 (man, to, u)ペルシャ語の代名詞は性別がなく、動詞の語尾で誰か分かるので省略も多いです。「«من»」や「«تو»」、「«شما»」の使い分けが大切！
-
丁寧な「あなた」と親しい「君」(shomā vs. to)親しみの «تو» と敬意の «شما» を使い分けて、語尾もセットで覚えましょう！ «تو» «شما» «-ی» «-ید»
-
ペルシャ語の文のサンドイッチ（SOV語順）ペルシャ語では一番大事な『アクション（動詞）』は最後まで取っておきます！ 「主語 + 詳細 + 動詞」の
SubjectDetailsVerbの順番で組み立てましょう。 -
指示代名詞：これ/それ (`این`/`آن`)近くのものは «این» (in)、遠くのものは «آن» (ān) を使うのがペルシャ語の基本です。会話では «اون» (un) もよく使われます。
-
「〜がある」と言う：動詞 Hast (هست)文の最後に
hastを置くと「ある・いる」、nistを置くと「ない・いない」という意味になります。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Introduce yourself and others using correct pronouns.
-
2
By the end you will be able to: Describe your surroundings using 'this', 'that', and 'there is'.
チャプターガイド
Overview
you, he/she, and how to politely address others – a crucial step for sounding natural and respectful in any conversation. Mastering these basic building blocks is key to unlocking the beauty of the Persian language and gaining confidence in your ability to speak.sandwich, where the verb always comes at the end. You'll also get to grips with how to point out this and that, and the incredibly useful phrase there is or it is. These elements form the bedrock of basic Farsi sentences and are indispensable for any beginner.How This Grammar Works
you (informal/singular), and u (او) for he/she (singular). What's cool about u is its gender neutrality – it works for both males and females, simplifying things compared to many other languages!I am, and u hast (او هست) means he/she is.you (formal/singular or plural).Are you good? to a friend, but shomā khubid? (شما خوبید؟) to an elder.Persian Sentence Sandwich: Farsi generally follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. The subject comes first, then any objects or details, and finally, the verb at the very end. For instance, instead of I am a student,which might sound like
I am student in English order, you'd say man dānesh-āmuz hastam (من دانشآموز هستم), literally I student am. This SOV order is a fundamental aspect of Farsi grammar.this (near you) and ān (آن) for that (farther away). You'll use these to point things out. For example, in ketāb ast (این کتاب است) means This is a book,and ān mard ast (آن مرد است) means
That is a man.
there is or it is. This versatile verb is crucial for stating existence or identity. Its negative form is nist (نیست), meaning "there isn't or it isn't.So, qahve hast? (قهوه هست؟) meansIs there coffee?
and qahve nist (قهوه نیست) meansThere isn't coffee." These basic structures will quickly become second nature!
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: man dānesh-āmuz hast (من دانشآموز هست)
- 1✗ Wrong: man hastam Ali (من هستم علی)
am) should come at the end of the sentence.- 1✗ Wrong: to ostād khub ast (تو استاد خوب است)
Real Conversations
A
(Hello! I am Ali. How are you (formal)?)
B
(Hello Ali! I am Sara. I am good, thank you.)
A
(What is this?)
B
(This is my book.)
A
(What is that?)
B
(That is food.)
A
(Is there coffee?)
B
(Yes, there is coffee.)
A
(Isn't there milk?)
B
(No, there isn't milk.)
Quick FAQ
Why does Persian grammar use 'u' for both 'he' and 'she'?
Persian is a gender-neutral language when it comes to singular third-person pronouns. U (او) covers both he and she, simplifying communication and avoiding gender-specific distinctions common in English.
What is the most common word order for basic Farsi sentences?
The most common word order in Persian is Subject-Object-Verb (SOV), often called the Persian Sentence Sandwich. The verb always comes at the end of the sentence.
When should I use shomā instead of to in Persian?
You should use shomā (شما) for you when speaking to someone older than you, a stranger, a person in a position of authority, or when addressing multiple people. It's a sign of respect and formality. Use to (تو) only for close friends, family, or children.
Is hast always necessary for is in A1 Persian sentences?
For stating existence (
there is/it is) or for simple identity statements at the A1 level, hast (هست) or its conjugated forms (like hastam for
I am) are very common and often necessary. While Persian can sometimes omit the verb to be in certain present tense contexts, using hast provides clarity and is a safe bet for beginners.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (6)
ヒントとコツ (4)
幽霊のような主語
安全第一ルール
shomā を使いましょう。丁寧すぎて怒る人はいませんが、馴れ馴れしいと失礼になることがあります。 «شما اهل کجا هستید؟»文の最後をよく聞こう
Ali futbol bazi mikonad.
ネイティブっぽく話すなら 'un'！
重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
At a Cafe
Review Summary
- man (I), to (you), u (he/she)
- Subject + Object + Verb
- [Subject] + hast/nist
よくある間違い
You placed the verb in the middle. Remember, the verb must be at the end.
Confusing pronouns and verb conjugations. Shomā requires formal agreement.
Again, the verb 'hast' should follow the object in this structure.
このチャプターのルール (5)
Next Steps
You've crushed Chapter 2! Keep up that momentum and don't look back.
Write 5 sentences about your desk items.
クイック練習 (9)
Find and fix the mistake:
او در مدرسه هستند. (They are at school.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の人称代名詞：私、君、彼・彼女 (man, to, u)
上司に対して使うべき言葉は？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の人称代名詞：私、君、彼・彼女 (man, to, u)
Find and fix the mistake:
Shomā chetor hasti?
shomā を使う場合、文法的に正しくするには語尾を -id (hastid) にする必要があります。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 丁寧な「あなた」と親しい「君」(shomā vs. to)
「あの車たちは高いです」を正しく言うと？
آن を使います。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 指示代名詞：これ/それ (`این`/`آن`)
آن خانه که آنجا است، خیلی زیباست。
آن を使うのが論理的です。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 指示代名詞：これ/それ (`این`/`آن`)
丁寧な形を選んでください：
shomā と、それに対応する語尾 -id を使う必要があります。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 丁寧な「あなた」と親しい「君」(shomā vs. to)
___ کتابی که در دست من است، مال من است。
این が正解です。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 指示代名詞：これ/それ (`این`/`آن`)
To chetor___? (元気？)
to の語尾は常に -i になります。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 丁寧な「あなた」と親しい「君」(shomā vs. to)
____ خیلی تشنه هستم. (I am very thirsty.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の人称代名詞：私、君、彼・彼女 (man, to, u)
Score: /9
よくある質問 (6)
shomā を使いましょう。上司から「to でいいよ」と言われたり、何年も一緒に働いて家族のような関係になったらOKです。 «شما خیلی مهربان هستید.»to も shomā も全員に使えます。 «شما استاد هستید.»Man amadam.Ketab mikhanam.
