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A1 noun 9分で読める

کمد

komod
例文
解説 کمد in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'komod' is introduced as a basic noun for furniture. Learners focus on identifying the object and its location. Sentences are simple, such as 'This is a cupboard' or 'The shirt is in the cupboard.' The goal is to build a foundation of domestic vocabulary. You learn that it's a place where you put things away. It's often taught alongside other bedroom items like 'takht' (bed) and 'miz' (table). At this stage, don't worry about complex types; just know that 'komod' is where things are stored. You should be able to point to a wardrobe and say 'In komod ast.' Understanding the basic preposition 'dar' (in) is crucial here. You will also learn the plural form 'komodha' and simple possessives like 'komod-e man' (my cupboard). This level is all about survival vocabulary in a home setting.
At the A2 level, you begin to describe the 'komod' using basic adjectives. You might talk about its color (sefid, siah, ghahvei) or its size (bozorg, kouchak). You start using more verbs, like 'bāz kardan' (to open) and 'bastan' (to close). You can now say, 'I am opening the cupboard to get my jacket.' You also learn the term 'komod-e lebās' for wardrobe. At this stage, you might encounter the word in the context of daily chores, like 'morattab kardan-e komod' (organizing the cupboard). You should be able to follow simple instructions involving the cupboard, such as 'Please put your shoes on the cupboard.' The focus is on expanding the utility of the word in everyday interactions and beginning to understand the 'Ezafe' construction that links the noun to its descriptions.
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At the B1 level, you can discuss the 'komod' in more detail and in a variety of contexts. You might talk about the material it's made of, such as 'choubi' (wooden) or 'felezi' (metal). You can describe the internal structure, mentioning 'ghafaseh' (shelves) and 'keshou' (drawers). This level involves more complex sentence structures, like 'I need to buy a bigger cupboard because I have too many clothes.' You start to use the word in professional or educational settings, referring to office cabinets or school lockers. You can also express opinions about furniture styles, such as 'I prefer modern cupboards to traditional ones.' Your vocabulary expands to include related concepts like 'dastireh' (handle) and 'ghofl' (lock). You are now comfortable using the word in past, present, and future tenses.
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At the B2 level, your use of 'komod' becomes more nuanced. You can explain the process of assembling furniture or describe specific architectural features like 'komod-e divāri' (built-in closet). You understand the cultural significance of the cupboard in Iranian homes, such as its role during 'Khāneh-tekāni'. You can handle more abstract discussions, such as the psychology of organization or the history of furniture design in Iran. You might use the word in idiomatic ways or understand metaphors related to hidden things. For example, you can discuss how a 'komod' can be a metaphor for a person's private life. Your ability to describe the 'komod' in a technical sense—discussing hinges, rails, and finishes—also develops at this level. You can read and understand furniture catalogs or assembly instructions with ease.
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At the C1 level, you use 'komod' with the precision of a native speaker. You are aware of the subtle differences between 'komod', 'ganjeh', 'vitrine', and 'dolāb'. You can appreciate the word's presence in Persian literature and cinema, analyzing how it contributes to the setting or character development. You can engage in complex debates about interior design, urban living spaces, and the evolution of domesticity in Iran. Your vocabulary includes specialized terms for woodworking and furniture restoration. You can use 'komod' in sophisticated rhetorical ways, perhaps in a creative writing piece or a formal presentation about Iranian culture. You understand regional variations in terminology and can navigate different registers of speech, from colloquial household talk to formal academic descriptions of material culture.
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At the C2 level, 'komod' is just one thread in a vast linguistic tapestry. You have a deep historical understanding of how the word entered the Persian language and its relationship with other languages like French. You can discuss the etymology and the socio-linguistic impact of European loanwords on Persian domestic life during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. You can interpret the deepest metaphorical uses of the 'komod' in avant-garde Persian poetry or philosophical texts. Your mastery allows you to use the word with perfect tone and register in any situation, whether you are discussing antique 'ganjehs' with a museum curator or modern modular 'komods' with an architect. You can effortlessly translate complex English idioms involving 'closets' into culturally appropriate Persian equivalents, even if they don't use the word 'komod' directly.
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例文

The Persian word کمد (pronounced 'komod') refers to a fundamental piece of furniture found in almost every modern Iranian household. Historically and linguistically, it is a fascinating example of how Persian has integrated foreign concepts into its domestic lexicon. At its core, a komod is a tall, often rectangular structure used for storage, typically featuring doors, shelves, and sometimes drawers. While in English we might distinguish strictly between a 'wardrobe' for clothes, a 'cupboard' for dishes, or a 'locker' for personal items, the Persian word کمد acts as a versatile umbrella term that covers all these variations depending on the context provided by accompanying adjectives.

Domestic Utility
In the bedroom, it serves as the primary vessel for clothing, where the term komod-e lebās is specifically used. In a kitchen, though the word 'kābinet' is more common today, 'komod' can still describe large pantry-style storage units. Its use signifies an organized approach to living, moving away from the traditional Iranian 'sandogh' or wooden chests that were prevalent in previous centuries.
Social and Architectural Context
The evolution of the komod in Iran mirrors the architectural shift from traditional houses with thick walls and built-in niches (known as tāghcheh) to modern apartments. Today, the 'komod-e divāri' or built-in closet is a major selling point in Persian real estate, representing the efficient use of space in urban environments like Tehran or Isfahan.

مادرم تمام لباس‌های زمستانی را در کمد گذاشت تا فضای بیشتری در اتاق داشته باشیم.

(My mother put all the winter clothes in the cupboard so we would have more space in the room.)

The word is also used in educational and professional settings. If you are a student in Iran, your school locker is called a komod. In an office, the filing cabinet where documents are meticulously organized is also a komod. This versatility makes it one of the first nouns a learner should master, as it appears in descriptions of personal space, work environments, and daily routines. Whether you are looking for your shoes, hiding a surprise gift, or organizing your library, the komod is the central character in the story of domestic organization.

کلیدها را روی کمد پیدا کردم، دقیقاً همان‌جایی که دیروز گذاشته بودی.

(I found the keys on top of the cupboard, exactly where you had put them yesterday.)
Material and Craftsmanship
Persian furniture making is a respected craft. A komod-e choubi (wooden cupboard) made of walnut or beech is considered a high-quality piece of art. In modern times, MDF and industrial materials have made komods more affordable and accessible to the general public, leading to a variety of styles from minimalist to ornate 'monabbat' (wood carving) designs.

این کمد قدیمی از چوب گردو ساخته شده است و ارزش زیادی دارد.

(This old cupboard is made of walnut wood and is very valuable.)

Using کمد in a sentence requires an understanding of basic Persian prepositions and verb conjugations. Because a komod is a container, the most common preposition used with it is 'dar' (in) or its colloquial version 'tuye'. When you want to say something is inside the cupboard, you would say dar komod. Conversely, if something is on top of it, you use ru-ye komod.

Action Verbs
The most frequent verbs paired with komod are 'gozāshtan' (to put), 'bardāshtan' (to take/pick up), 'bāz kardan' (to open), and 'bastan' (to close). For example, 'Man lebāsam rā dar komod gozāshtam' (I put my dress in the cupboard). In a more complex sense, 'morattab kardan' (to organize) is often used when discussing the chore of tidying up one's belongings.

لطفاً درِ کمد را ببند تا گرد و غبار وارد آن نشود.

(Please close the cupboard door so that dust doesn't get inside.)

When describing the komod, Persian speakers use the 'Ezafe' construction (the short 'e' sound linking a noun to its adjective). You might describe a komod-e bozorg (large cupboard), a komod-e sefid (white cupboard), or a komod-e ghadimi (old cupboard). This structure is essential for providing detail in your descriptions. If you are talking about a specific type of cupboard, such as a bookshelf that happens to have doors, you might even hear komod-e ketāb, though ketābkhāneh is the standard term for a library or bookshelf.

ما برای اتاق بچه‌ها یک کمد جدید و رنگارنگ خریدیم.

(We bought a new and colorful cupboard for the children's room.)
Possessive Usage
To indicate ownership, use the Ezafe: komod-e man (my cupboard), komod-e u (his/her cupboard). In a sentence: 'Komod-e u hamisheh morattab ast' (His/her cupboard is always organized). This is a simple but powerful way to build descriptive sentences about personal habits and environments.

آیا می‌توانی به من کمک کنی تا این کمد سنگین را جابجا کنم؟

(Can you help me move this heavy cupboard?)

The word کمد is ubiquitous in daily Persian life. You will hear it most frequently within the sanctuary of the home. Parents often tell their children, 'Lebāshāyat rā tuye komod begozār' (Put your clothes in the cupboard), making it a staple of domestic discipline and organization. During the 'Khāneh-tekāni' (the traditional spring cleaning before the Persian New Year, Nowruz), the komod becomes the center of attention as families declutter and reorganize their entire lives.

Educational Settings
In schools and universities across Iran, students are often assigned a komod-e shakhesi (personal locker). You will hear students asking each other, 'Ketābat rā dar komod jā gozāshti?' (Did you leave your book in the locker?). It represents a small piece of private territory within a public institution.
Retail and Commerce
If you visit a furniture district like 'Yāftābād' in Tehran, you will hear the word hundreds of times. Salespeople will describe the features of various komods, focusing on the quality of the wood, the smoothness of the drawer rails, and the depth of the hanging space. Phrases like 'komod-e jā-dār' (a spacious cupboard) are common marketing terms used to entice buyers.

در رختکن باشگاه، هر ورزشکار یک کمد مخصوص برای وسایلش دارد.

(In the gym locker room, every athlete has a specific cupboard/locker for their belongings.)

In popular media, such as Iranian 'Seryāls' (soap operas) or movies, the komod often serves as a plot device—a place where secret letters are hidden, or where a character finds an old photograph that changes the course of the story. It is a symbol of the 'bāten' (inner/hidden) versus the 'zāher' (outer/apparent) in Persian culture. What one keeps in their komod is private and personal, shielded from the public eye.

او تمام نامه‌های قدیمی‌اش را در یک جعبه، تهِ کمد پنهان کرده بود.

(She had hidden all her old letters in a box at the bottom of the cupboard.)

For English speakers learning Persian, the most common mistake is confusing کمد with other similar storage-related words like 'ghafaseh' (shelf) or 'ketābkhāneh' (bookcase). While a komod can have shelves, the defining characteristic is usually the presence of a door or its status as a piece of furniture rather than just a wall-mounted plank. If you call a simple wall shelf a 'komod', a native speaker will understand you, but it will sound slightly off.

The 'Kabinet' vs. 'Komod' Distinction
In the kitchen, people almost exclusively use the word 'kābinet' (cabinet). Calling your kitchen cabinets 'komod' is a common learner error. Use 'komod' for the bedroom, hallway, or office, but stick to 'kābinet' for the place where you keep your pots and pans.
Prepositional Errors
Another mistake involves the use of 'ru' (on) and 'dar' (in). Because many komods in Iran are quite tall, people often store things on top of them. Learners sometimes say 'lebās dar ru-ye komod ast' when they mean it is inside. Remember: dar is for the hidden interior, ru is for the visible exterior top surface.

Mistake: بشقاب‌ها را در کمد آشپزخانه بگذار.

Correction: بشقاب‌ها را در کابینت آشپزخانه بگذار.

Finally, be careful with the word 'jākhafshi' (shoe rack/cabinet). While a shoe cabinet is technically a type of komod, it is almost always referred to by its specific name. If you ask someone to put their shoes in the 'komod', they might look for a clothes wardrobe instead of the shoe rack by the door.

نباید کمد را با کتابخانه اشتباه بگیریم؛ کمد معمولاً در دارد.

(We shouldn't mistake a cupboard for a bookcase; a cupboard usually has doors.)

To truly master Persian vocabulary, you need to know the nuances between کمد and its synonyms. Persian is rich with specific terms for storage, and using the right one will make you sound much more like a native speaker.

کمد vs. قفسه (Ghafaseh)
A ghafaseh is a shelf or a set of open shelves. Think of a retail display or a simple wall shelf. A komod is a piece of furniture that usually encloses the items within. If it has doors, it is almost certainly a komod.
کمد vs. گنجه (Ganjeh)
Ganjeh is a more traditional, somewhat archaic term for a cupboard or a small storage room. You will find this word in classical literature or when describing very old, antique furniture in traditional houses. In modern conversation, komod has largely replaced it.
کمد vs. ویترین (Vitrine)
A vitrine is a display cabinet with glass doors, used for showing off decorative items, 'chini' (fine china), or awards. While a vitrine is a type of komod, it is never used for clothes or messy storage. It is the 'showpiece' of the living room.

در خانه‌های قدیمی، به جای کمدهای امروزی، از گنجه‌های دیواری استفاده می‌شد.

(In old houses, instead of today's cupboards, wall-mounted 'ganjehs' were used.)

Understanding these distinctions helps in navigating an Iranian home. If someone asks you to 'look in the vitrine,' you know you are looking for something delicate or decorative. If they say 'look in the komod,' you are likely looking for clothes, tools, or everyday supplies. This level of precision is the hallmark of an advanced learner.

تفاوت اصلی بین کمد و ویترین در این است که ویترین معمولاً درهای شیشه‌ای دارد.

(The main difference between a cupboard and a vitrine is that a vitrine usually has glass doors.)
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レベル別の例文

1

این کمد من است.

This is my cupboard.

Uses the demonstrative pronoun 'in' (this) and the possessive 'man' (my).

2

کمد کجاست؟

Where is the cupboard?

Basic question structure using 'kojāst' (where is).

3

کمد در اتاق است.

The cupboard is in the room.

Uses the preposition 'dar' (in).

4

کمد بزرگ است.

The cupboard is big.

Simple subject-adjective-verb structure.

5

من یک کمد دارم.

I have a cupboard.

Uses the verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

6

درِ کمد را ببند.

Close the cupboard door.

Imperative form of the verb 'bastan'.

7

کمد سفید است.

The cupboard is white.

Basic color adjective.

8

لباس در کمد است.

The clothes are in the cupboard.

Simple location sentence.

1

من کمد را باز می‌کنم.

I am opening the cupboard.

Present continuous tense.

2

کمد قدیمی در گوشه اتاق است.

The old cupboard is in the corner of the room.

Uses the adjective 'ghadimi' (old) and 'gusheh' (corner).

3

او لباس‌هایش را در کمد گذاشت.

He/she put his/her clothes in the cupboard.

Past tense of 'gozāshtan'.

4

این کمد دو کشو دارد.

This cupboard has two drawers.

Introduction of the word 'keshou' (drawer).

5

کمد چوبی خیلی سنگین است.

The wooden cupboard is very heavy.

Uses the material adjective 'choubi' (wooden).

6

لطفاً کتاب را روی کمد بگذار.

Please put the book on the cupboard.

Uses the preposition 'ru-ye' (on top of).

7

کمد جدید من قهوه‌ای است.

My new cupboard is brown.

Combining adjectives 'jadid' and 'ghahvei'.

8

ما باید یک کمد بخریم.

We must buy a cupboard.

Uses the modal 'bāyad' (must/should).

1

من باید کمد لباسم را مرتب کنم.

I need to organize my clothes cupboard.

Uses 'morattab kardan' (to organize).

2

کمد دیواری فضای بیشتری به اتاق می‌دهد.

A built-in closet gives more space to the room.

Introduction of 'komod-e divāri'.

3

او کلید کمد را گم کرده است.

He/she has lost the cupboard key.

Present perfect tense.

4

این کمد برای تمام لباس‌های من جا ندارد.

This cupboard doesn't have enough space for all my clothes.

Uses 'jā dāshtan' (to have space).

5

کمد فلزی در مدرسه برای هر دانش‌آموز لازم است.

A metal locker is necessary for every student in school.

Contextual use of 'komod' as 'locker'.

6

پدرم خودش این کمد را ساخته است.

My father built this cupboard himself.

Uses the reflexive 'khodash' (himself).

7

درِ کمد هنگام باز شدن صدا می‌دهد.

The cupboard door makes a noise when it opens.

Uses 'sedā dādan' (to make a sound).

8

آیا کمد شما قفل دارد؟

Does your cupboard have a lock?

Question about a physical feature.

1

نصب کردن این کمد دیواری چند روز طول می‌کشد.

Installing this built-in closet takes a few days.

Uses 'nasb kardan' (to install).

2

کمد لباس‌های او همیشه بوی گل رز می‌دهد.

Her clothes cupboard always smells like roses.

Uses 'bu-ye ... dādan' (to smell like).

3

ما برای صرفه‌جویی در فضا، از کمد ریلی استفاده کردیم.

To save space, we used a sliding-door cupboard.

Introduction of 'komod-e reyli'.

4

او تمام مدارک مهم را در کمد نسوز نگه می‌دارد.

He keeps all important documents in a fireproof cabinet.

Introduction of 'nasuz' (fireproof).

5

طراحی داخلی کمد باید کاربردی و زیبا باشد.

The internal design of the cupboard should be functional and beautiful.

Uses 'kārboardi' (functional).

6

این کمد قدیمی نیاز به رنگ‌آمیزی دوباره دارد.

This old cupboard needs to be repainted.

Uses 'rang-āmizi' (painting).

7

او از کمد به عنوان پناهگاهی برای فکر کردن استفاده می‌کند.

He uses the cupboard as a sanctuary for thinking.

Metaphorical/creative usage.

8

آینه روی درِ کمد اتاق را بزرگتر نشان می‌دهد.

The mirror on the cupboard door makes the room look bigger.

Uses 'bozorgtar neshān dādan'.

1

در معماری مدرن، کمدها به گونه‌ای طراحی می‌شوند که با دیوار یکی شوند.

In modern architecture, cupboards are designed to blend in with the wall.

Formal architectural description.

2

او با دقت تمام، وسایل عتیقه را درون کمد شیشه‌ای چید.

With great care, he arranged the antiques inside the glass cabinet.

Uses 'ba deghat' (with care) and 'atigheh' (antiques).

3

این کمد نمادی از خاطرات پنهان او در دوران کودکی است.

This cupboard is a symbol of his hidden childhood memories.

Symbolic/literary usage.

4

استفاده از چوب گردو در ساخت این کمد، اصالت آن را نشان می‌دهد.

The use of walnut wood in making this cupboard shows its authenticity.

Uses 'esālat' (authenticity/nobility).

5

او برای پیدا کردن وصیت‌نامه، تمام طبقات کمد را زیر و رو کرد.

To find the will, he searched every shelf of the cupboard thoroughly.

Uses the idiom 'zir o rou kardan' (to turn upside down).

6

کمد دیواری‌های ریلی برای آپارتمان‌های کوچک امروزی بسیار مناسب هستند.

Sliding built-in closets are very suitable for today's small apartments.

Complex noun-adjective grouping.

7

او متوجه شد که لولای درِ کمد فرسوده شده و نیاز به تعویض دارد.

He noticed that the cupboard door hinge was worn out and needed replacement.

Technical vocabulary: 'loulā' (hinge) and 'farsoudeh' (worn).

8

در این رمان، کمد دریچه‌ای به یک دنیای خیالی و موازی است.

In this novel, the cupboard is a gateway to an imaginary and parallel world.

Literary analysis context.

1

تحول ساختاری کمد از صندوق‌های چوبی به کمدهای دیواری، بازتابی از تغییر سبک زندگی است.

The structural transformation of the cupboard from wooden chests to built-in closets is a reflection of changing lifestyles.

Highly formal, academic Persian.

2

او با وسواسی زایدالوصف، محتویات کمد را بر اساس طیف رنگی طبقه‌بندی می‌کرد.

With indescribable obsession, he categorized the contents of the cupboard based on the color spectrum.

Uses 'vasvās-e zāyed-al-vasf' (indescribable obsession).

3

فضای تاریک و نمور پشت کمد، مأمنی برای حشرات موذی شده بود.

The dark and damp space behind the cupboard had become a haven for vermin.

Evocative, descriptive language.

4

او در کمد تنهایی خود، به بازخوانی نامه‌هایی می‌پرداخت که هرگز ارسال نشدند.

In the cupboard of his solitude, he would reread letters that were never sent.

Poetic and metaphorical phrasing.

5

ظرافت منبت‌کاری‌های روی این کمد، اوج هنر دوره قاجار را به نمایش می‌گذارد.

The delicacy of the wood carvings on this cupboard showcases the pinnacle of Qajar era art.

Art history/technical context.

6

او معتقد بود که هر کمدی، رازی را در لایه‌های پنهان خود مدفون کرده است.

He believed that every cupboard had buried a secret within its hidden layers.

Philosophical/abstract thought.

7

تلفیق تکنولوژی و نجاری در ساخت کمدهای هوشمند، تجربه‌ای نوین از خانه‌داری ارائه می‌دهد.

The fusion of technology and carpentry in making smart cupboards offers a new experience of housekeeping.

Discussion of modern industrial trends.

8

او از کمد به عنوان استعاره‌ای برای ذهن انسان و بایگانی خاطرات استفاده کرد.

He used the cupboard as a metaphor for the human mind and the archive of memories.

Advanced literary metaphor.

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