کوتاه کردن 30秒で
- Primarily means 'to shorten' or 'to cut' (hair/nails).
- A compound verb: 'Kutāh' (short) + 'Kardan' (to do).
- Used for physical objects, time, and summarizing information.
- Common in barber shops, tailoring, and professional meetings.
The Persian compound verb کوتاه کردن (Kutāh kardan) is a fundamental building block of the language, primarily meaning 'to shorten' or 'to make brief.' At its core, it combines the adjective کوتاه (short) with the light verb کردن (to do/make). This verb is incredibly versatile, spanning from the physical act of cutting hair to the abstract concept of summarizing a long story. Understanding this word requires looking at its physical, temporal, and metaphorical applications.
- Physical Reduction
- This is the most common usage. It refers to reducing the length of an object. For example, shortening a pair of trousers or cutting hair.
من باید موهایم را کوتاه کنم. (I need to shorten/cut my hair.)
- Temporal Shortening
- Used when referring to time, such as shortening a meeting or a visit. It implies making an event last for a smaller duration than originally planned.
- Linguistic Brevity
- In literature and conversation, it means to summarize or 'cut a long story short.' It is often used to get to the point quickly.
خیاط قد شلوار را کوتاه کرد.
Furthermore, the word carries a weight of efficiency. In a culture that values poetic complexity, the act of 'shortening' one's speech can be seen as either a sign of respect for the listener's time or a lack of detail, depending on the context. In modern business Persian, کوتاه کردن is often used in the context of 'shortening the process' (کوتاه کردن فرایند), meaning to optimize or streamline a workflow. This demonstrates the verb's evolution from a simple physical action to a sophisticated tool for describing efficiency and optimization in various professional fields.
- Abstract Usage
- It can also mean 'to limit' or 'to curtail' in political or social contexts, such as 'shortening the hand of the oppressor' (دست ستمگر را کوتاه کردن).
باید سخنرانی را کوتاه کنیم تا به پرسش و پاسخ برسیم.
Using کوتاه کردن correctly involves understanding its status as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (the adjective 'short') and a light verb ('to do'). The conjugation happens entirely on the 'کردن' part, while 'کوتاه' remains static. This makes it relatively easy for learners to conjugate once they master the verb 'کردن'.
Grammatical Structure
The standard structure is: [Object] + [را] + کوتاه کردن. Because 'shortening' usually acts upon a specific object (like hair, a dress, or a speech), the object marker را (rā) is almost always present in definite contexts.
- Present Tense: من کوتاه میکنم (I shorten)
- Past Tense: من کوتاه کردم (I shortened)
- Imperative: کوتاه کن! (Shorten it!)
Contextual Variations
Depending on what you are shortening, the nuance changes slightly:
- With Clothing:
- It refers to hemming or taking up the length. 'خیاط دامن را کوتاه کرد.'
- With Distance:
- It refers to taking a shortcut. 'راه را کوتاه کردیم.'
- With Speech:
- It refers to being concise. 'لطفاً حرفت را کوتاه کن.'
In more advanced contexts, you might see it used with 'دست' (hand) to mean 'to prevent' or 'to cut off someone's influence.' For example, 'کوتاه کردن دست واسطهها' means 'shortening the hand of middlemen,' or effectively removing them from a transaction. This shows the transition from a physical action to a strategic or systemic change. When using it in a sentence, always ensure the object being shortened is clear, as the verb is transitive and requires a direct object to make sense in most practical scenarios.
You will encounter کوتاه کردن in a variety of everyday and professional settings. Its frequency is high because it covers basic needs and complex administrative tasks alike. Here are the primary locations and situations where this verb is essential:
1. At the Barber or Salon (آرایشگاه)
This is perhaps the most common place. Whether you want a trim or a buzz cut, you use this verb. You might say: "فقط کمی پشتش را کوتاه کنید" (Just shorten the back a little). It is the standard term for hair maintenance.
2. At the Tailor (خیاطی)
If you buy trousers that are too long, you take them to a 'khayyat' to have them shortened. You'll hear: "میخواهم این شلوار را دو سانت کوتاه کنم" (I want to shorten these pants by two centimeters).
3. In Meetings and Presentations
Time management is key in professional environments. A chairperson might say: "وقت کم است، لطفاً صحبت خود را کوتاه کنید" (Time is short, please shorten your speech/talk). It is a polite but firm way to ask for brevity.
4. In Literature and Storytelling
Authors often use this verb when discussing the editing process. 'Shortening a story' (کوتاه کردن داستان) is a common phrase in creative writing workshops. It also appears in the famous idiom "قصه را کوتاه کنم" (To cut the story short), used to skip unnecessary details.
5. Technical and Digital Contexts
In the age of the internet, you'll see this in 'URL shorteners.' The Persian interface for these tools uses کوتاه کننده لینک (Link Shortener). Similarly, in photo editing, 'cropping' or 'shortening' an image's dimensions can involve this concept, though 'بریدن' is also used there.
While کوتاه کردن is straightforward, learners often stumble on its nuances or confuse it with similar verbs. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural.
- Confusing with 'بریدن' (Boridan):
'Boridan' means 'to cut' (like with a knife). While shortening hair involves cutting, Persians almost always use 'shorten' (کوتاه کردن) for hair and nails. Saying "ناخنم را بریدم" implies you accidentally cut your finger/nail and it might be bleeding, whereas "ناخنم را کوتاه کردم" means you trimmed your nails. - Incorrect Prepositions:
Learners sometimes try to use 'az' (from) when it's not needed. You shorten the object directly. It's "مویم را کوتاه کردم", not "از مویم کوتاه کردم". - Using for 'Lowering' (کم کردن):
Do not use 'shorten' for volume or temperature. For 'turn down the volume,' use کم کردن (Kam kardan), not 'shorten'. 'Shorten' is strictly for length and duration. - Formal vs. Informal Conjugation:
In very formal Persian, you might see کوتاه نمودن (Kutāh nemudan). Using 'kardan' in a highly formal academic paper might be seen as too casual, though it is generally acceptable.
Wrong:
صدای تلویزیون را کوتاه کن.
Right:
صدای تلویزیون را کم کن.
Another subtle mistake is using it for 'shrinking' in the wash. If a shirt gets smaller because of hot water, the verb is آب رفتن (Āb raftan), not 'shorten.' 'Shorten' implies an intentional act by a person.
To truly master کوتاه کردن, you should know its synonyms and related terms that offer different shades of meaning. Persian is rich in verbs that describe reduction and brevity.
- خلاصه کردن (Kholāse kardan)
- Specifically means 'to summarize.' While you can 'shorten' a speech, 'summarizing' implies keeping the main points while removing the fluff. Use this for books, articles, and long explanations.
- کاستن (Kāstan)
- A more formal/literary word meaning 'to diminish' or 'to reduce.' It is often used for abstract things like 'reducing pain' or 'diminishing hope.' It is less about physical length and more about quantity or intensity.
- مختصر کردن (Mokhtasar kardan)
- Very similar to 'shorten' but used in formal or academic contexts to mean 'to abbreviate' or 'to make concise.' It comes from the Arabic root for 'brief.'
- کم کردن (Kam kardan)
- The general word for 'to reduce' or 'to decrease.' It is used for volume, speed, amount, and weight. If you want to say 'reduce the price,' you use this, not 'shorten.'
In the realm of antonyms, the most direct opposite is بلند کردن (Boland kardan - to lengthen/make tall) or طولانی کردن (Tulāni kardan - to prolong). Knowing these allows you to describe the full spectrum of length and duration in Persian.
How Formal Is It?
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難易度
知っておくべき文法
レベル別の例文
من موهایم را کوتاه کردم.
I shortened (cut) my hair.
Simple past tense of a compound verb.
مادرم ناخنهایم را کوتاه میکند.
My mother shortens (clips) my nails.
Present continuous/habitual sense.
لطفاً این شلوار را کوتاه کنید.
Please shorten these pants.
Imperative form (formal).
او مداد را کوتاه کرد.
He shortened the pencil.
Subject-Object-Verb order.
آیا میخواهی موهایت را کوتاه کنی؟
Do you want to shorten your hair?
Question with 'want to' (میخواهی).
من امروز ناخنم را کوتاه نمیکنم.
I am not shortening my nails today.
Negative present tense.
قد این دامن را کوتاه کن.
Shorten the length of this skirt.
Imperative (informal).
ما فاصله را کوتاه کردیم.
We shortened the distance.
First person plural past tense.
باید وقت جلسه را کوتاه کنیم.
We must shorten the meeting time.
Modal 'must' (باید) + subjunctive.
خیاط دامن را خیلی کوتاه کرد.
The tailor shortened the skirt too much.
Use of adverb 'خیلی' (very/too).
او سعی کرد داستان را کوتاه کند.
He tried to shorten the story.
Compound verb in a 'tried to' construction.
چرا موهایت را کوتاه نکردی؟
Why didn't you shorten your hair?
Negative past tense question.
من همیشه خودم موهایم را کوتاه میکنم.
I always shorten my hair myself.
Use of reflexive 'خودم' (myself).
این فیلم را کمی کوتاه کنید.
Shorten this film a little.
Imperative with 'کمی' (a little).
او میخواهد راه را کوتاه کند.
He wants to shorten the way (take a shortcut).
Metaphorical use for distance.
ما لیست خرید را کوتاه کردیم.
We shortened the shopping list.
Past tense with a compound object.
نویسنده مجبور شد فصل اول را کوتاه کند.
The author was forced to shorten the first chapter.
Passive-like construction with 'مجبور شد'.
برای صرفهجویی در وقت، سخنرانیاش را کوتاه کرد.
To save time, he shortened his speech.
Infinitive of purpose (برای صرفهجویی).
میتوانید این لینک طولانی را کوتاه کنید؟
Can you shorten this long link?
Polite request with 'میتوانید'.
او با کوتاه کردن موهایش کاملاً تغییر کرد.
She changed completely by shortening (cutting) her hair.
Gerund-like use of 'کوتاه کردن' with 'با'.
لطفاً توضیحات خود را کوتاه کنید تا بقیه هم صحبت کنند.
Please shorten your explanations so others can speak too.
Complex sentence with 'تا' (so that).
دولت تصمیم گرفت دوره سربازی را کوتاه کند.
The government decided to shorten the military service period.
Formal subject (دولت).
او همیشه حرفهایش را کوتاه و مفید میزند.
He always keeps his words short and useful.
Adjectival use within a verb phrase.
اگر متن را کوتاه کنی، خواندنیتر میشود.
If you shorten the text, it becomes more readable.
Conditional sentence (Type 1).
مدیر از کارمندان خواست گزارشها را کوتاه کنند.
The manager asked the employees to shorten the reports.
Reported speech/request structure.
تکنولوژی جدید زمان تولید را کوتاه کرده است.
New technology has shortened the production time.
Present perfect tense (کوتاه کرده است).
او با یک حرکت هوشمندانه، مسیر رسیدن به هدف را کوتاه کرد.
With a clever move, he shortened the path to the goal.
Metaphorical use in a professional context.
باید دست واسطهها را از بازار کوتاه کرد.
The hand of middlemen must be shortened (removed) from the market.
Idiomatic/Political usage.
ویراستار پیشنهاد داد که مقدمه کتاب کوتاه شود.
The editor suggested that the book's introduction be shortened.
Passive subjunctive (کوتاه شود).
او برای کوتاه کردن کلام، فقط به نکات اصلی اشاره کرد.
To keep the speech brief, he only mentioned the main points.
Formal phrase 'برای کوتاه کردن کلام'.
آیا این دارو میتواند دوره بیماری را کوتاه کند؟
Can this medicine shorten the duration of the illness?
Scientific/Medical context.
آنها با کوتاه کردن هزینهها، شرکت را نجات دادند.
By shortening (cutting) costs, they saved the company.
Economic context.
نویسنده با ایجاز، توصیفات را کوتاه کرد تا ریتم داستان تندتر شود.
The author shortened descriptions with brevity to speed up the story's rhythm.
Literary terminology (ایجاز).
سیاستهای جدید با هدف کوتاه کردن دست مفسدان اقتصادی اجرا شد.
New policies were implemented with the aim of cutting off the influence of economic corruptors.
High-level political rhetoric.
او ترجیح داد به جای اطاله کلام، سخن را کوتاه کرده و به اصل مطلب بپردازد.
He preferred to cut the talk short and address the main point instead of prolonging the speech.
Use of formal antonym 'اطاله کلام'.
کوتاه کردن فرایندهای اداری، گامی بزرگ در جهت رضایت ارباب رجوع است.
Shortening administrative processes is a big step toward client satisfaction.
Administrative/Bureaucratic Persian.
در این پژوهش، تلاش شده تا فاصله میان نظریه و عمل کوتاه شود.
In this research, an attempt has been made to shorten the gap between theory and practice.
Academic/Abstract usage.
او با کوتاه کردن دیوار بیاعتمادی، رابطه را بهبود بخشید.
By shortening (lowering) the wall of mistrust, he improved the relationship.
Metaphorical/Psychological usage.
قانونگذار با کوتاه کردن مهلت اعتراض، روند دادرسی را تسریع کرد.
The legislator accelerated the litigation process by shortening the objection deadline.
Legal Persian.
هنر مینیمالیسم بر پایه کوتاه کردن و حذف زواید بنا شده است.
The art of minimalism is built on shortening and removing redundancies.
Artistic/Philosophical context.
عارفان معتقدند که با کوتاه کردن آرزوها میتوان به آرامش رسید.
Mystics believe that by shortening (curbing) desires, one can reach tranquility.
Philosophical/Sufi context.
شاعر با مهارتی بینظیر، بحر عروض را برای کوتاه کردن وزن شعر تغییر داد.
The poet, with unique skill, changed the meter to shorten the poem's rhythm.
Technical literary analysis.
کوتاه کردن دست اجانب از منابع ملی، شعار اصلی جنبش بود.
Shortening the hand of foreigners (expelling them) from national resources was the movement's main slogan.
Historical/Nationalist rhetoric.
او در نقد خود، بر لزوم کوتاه کردن حواشی و تمرکز بر متن تاکید داشت.
In his critique, he emphasized the need to shorten the margins (fluff) and focus on the text.
Advanced literary criticism.
تقطیر در واقع نوعی کوتاه کردن مسیر برای رسیدن به جوهره است.
Distillation is actually a kind of shortening the path to reach the essence.
Scientific metaphor.
سیاستمدار با زیرکی، عمر بحران را با مذاکره کوتاه کرد.
The politician cleverly shortened the life of the crisis through negotiation.
Diplomatic Persian.
در متون کلاسیک، 'کوتاه کردن' گاه به معنای فروتنی و تواضع به کار رفته است.
In classical texts, 'shortening' is sometimes used to mean humility and modesty.
Etymological/Historical analysis.
او با کوتاه کردن سایه تردید، بر قطعیت تصمیم خود افزود.
By shortening the shadow of doubt, he added to the certainty of his decision.
Poetic/Abstract mastery.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
سخن کوتاه کنم (To cut it short)
دست کسی را کوتاه کردن (To limit someone's power)
موهایش را مدلدار کوتاه کرد (He cut his hair in a style)
کمی از قدش کوتاه کن (Shorten the length a bit)
باید این پروسه را کوتاه کنیم (We must shorten this process)
راه را کوتاه کردن (To take a shortcut)
قصه را کوتاه کن (Get to the point)
ناخنهایت را کوتاه کن (Cut your nails)
لباس را کوتاه کردن (To hem a dress)
دیوار بیاعتمادی را کوتاه کردن (To reduce mistrust)
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
"سخن کوتاه کردن"
To stop talking or get to the point.
"دست کسی را کوتاه کردن"
To prevent someone from interfering or to take away their influence.
"قصه را کوتاه کردن"
To summarize a long story (Cut a long story short).
"پای کسی را کوتاه کردن"
To stop someone from coming to a place.
"سایه کسی را کوتاه کردن"
To diminish someone's presence or influence.
"دیوار کوتاه پیدا کردن"
To find a scapegoat (someone easy to blame).
"دست کوتاه و خرما بر نخیل"
Having short hands and dates on a high tree (Wanting something out of reach).
"عمر را کوتاه کردن"
To shorten one's life (usually through stress or bad habits).
"فاصلهها را کوتاه کردن"
To bring people closer together.
"روی کسی را کوتاه کردن"
To humble someone (less common).
間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
It implies an intentional act. If something becomes short on its own, use 'کوتاه شدن'.
Can be used with 'omr' (life) to mean something is life-shortening.
- Using 'boridan' for hair trimming.
- Forgetting 'rā' after the object.
- Using it for 'lowering' volume (should be 'kam kardan').
- Using it for 'shrinking' clothes in the wash (should be 'āb raftan').
- Misplacing the stress on 'Kutāh' instead of the verb part.
ヒント
Light Verbs
Remember that only 'kardan' changes. 'Kutāh' stays the same regardless of tense or person.
Synonym Choice
Use 'kholāse kardan' when talking about summarizing a book to sound more academic.
Politeness
When asking someone to finish their story, say 'Lotfan kholāse konid' to be polite.
Barber Talk
Always specify 'how much' (e.g., 'do sant') when shortening hair.
Object Marker
Don't forget 'rā'! 'Mūyam rā kutāh kardam' is the correct structure.
Idioms
Learn 'Dast-e kasi rā kutāh kardan' for political discussions.
Fast Speech
In Tehran dialect, 'mikonam' might sound like 'mikon-am' with a dropped 'a'.
The 'H'
The 'h' at the end of 'Kutāh' is a 'silent h' (he-ye jami), but in this word, it is actually pronounced slightly.
Visuals
Associate the word with a tailor's measuring tape.
Metaphors
Use it for 'shortening distances' between people's hearts in poetic writing.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Kutāh sounds like 'Cut-ah'. You 'Cut-ah' something to make it 'Kutāh'.
語源
Middle Persian (Pahlavi)
文化的な背景
Regularly shortening nails is considered a matter of hygiene and 'sunnah' (tradition) in many Iranian households.
If a guest says they must leave, the host might say 'Why shorten the visit?' as a way of asking them to stay longer.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"آخرین بار کی موهایت را کوتاه کردی؟ (When was the last time you cut your hair?)"
"به نظرت این لباس را باید کوتاه کنم؟ (Do you think I should shorten this dress?)"
"چطور میتوانیم این مسیر را کوتاه کنیم؟ (How can we shorten this route?)"
"آیا میتوانی این متن را برای من کوتاه کنی؟ (Can you shorten this text for me?)"
"چرا جلسه را انقدر کوتاه کردید؟ (Why did you shorten the meeting so much?)"
日記のテーマ
Write about a time you shortened a trip and why.
Describe your favorite hairstyle and how often you shorten it.
If you could shorten one process in your daily life, what would it be?
Write a summary of a book by shortening its main plot.
Reflect on the idiom 'shortening the hand of the oppressor'.
よくある質問
10 問Yes, but 'بریدن' is more common for paper. 'کوتاه کردن' implies you are making the paper shorter for a specific purpose, like fitting it in an envelope.
No, for skipping class, Persians use 'جیم شدن' or 'غیبت کردن'.
You can say 'کمی کوتاه کردن' (shorten a little) or 'نوکگیری کردن' (specifically for hair ends).
No, for losing weight use 'لاغر شدن' or 'وزن کم کردن'.
Yes, 'کوتاه کردن لینک' is the standard technical term.
The opposite is 'بلند کردن' (to lengthen) or 'طولانی کردن' (to prolong).
It is neutral. It can be used in both casual and formal contexts, though 'کوتاه نمودن' is more formal.
Yes, 'کوتاه کردن هزینهها' or 'کاهش دادن' are used.
No, but 'کوتاهی کردن' (the noun form with kardan) means to be negligent.
Yes, for trimming a beard, you use 'کوتاه کردن' or 'اصلاح کردن'.
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mastering 'کوتاه کردن' allows you to navigate essential daily tasks like haircuts and clothing alterations, while also providing a tool for professional conciseness and metaphorical expression in advanced Persian.
- Primarily means 'to shorten' or 'to cut' (hair/nails).
- A compound verb: 'Kutāh' (short) + 'Kardan' (to do).
- Used for physical objects, time, and summarizing information.
- Common in barber shops, tailoring, and professional meetings.
Light Verbs
Remember that only 'kardan' changes. 'Kutāh' stays the same regardless of tense or person.
Synonym Choice
Use 'kholāse kardan' when talking about summarizing a book to sound more academic.
Politeness
When asking someone to finish their story, say 'Lotfan kholāse konid' to be polite.
Barber Talk
Always specify 'how much' (e.g., 'do sant') when shortening hair.
関連コンテンツ
daily_lifeの関連語
عابر بانک
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عادت
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عصر
A1午後または夕方。
عطر
A1A fragrant liquid applied to the body; perfume.
عینک
A1Glasses, spectacles.
عینک آفتابی
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ابزار
A1A device or implement, especially one held in the hand; a tool.
اداره پست
A2A place where postal services are handled, post office.
ادکلن
A2A light perfume, especially one used by men.
اجاره کردن
A1一定期間、お金を払って物や家を使用すること。私たちは来月、新しいオフィスを借ります。
