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A2 noun #3,500 よく出る 8分で読める

کشف

Q: How do I say 'undiscovered' in Persian?

You use 'kashf-nashodeh' (کشفنشده).

keshf 上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント کشف 30秒で

解説 کشف in your Level:

At the absolute beginner level (A1), you should think of 'kashf' as a very special kind of 'finding'. While you use the word 'peydā kardan' for everyday things like finding your shoes or finding a book on a table, 'kashf' is reserved for when you find something exciting or hidden. Imagine you are reading a story about a pirate finding treasure; that is a 'kashf'. At this level, you don't need to worry about the complex grammar. Just remember the phrase 'kashf kardan' which means 'to discover'. You might hear it in simple sentences like 'He discovered a secret' or 'They discovered a new island'. It's a word that adds a bit of adventure to your vocabulary. It's also important to know that it is a noun. In Persian, nouns don't change their spelling for gender or case, which makes 'kashf' easy to remember. Just say it clearly: 'Kashf'. It sounds like the English word 'cash' followed by an 'f'. Learning this word early helps you understand children's books and basic news reports. It is one of the first 'big' words you learn that makes you sound like a more advanced speaker. Even at A1, you can use it to talk about your favorite explorers or scientists. It's a building block for more complex ideas later on. Always try to pair it with 'kardan' to make it an action. For example, 'Christopher Columbus discovered America' is a classic A1 sentence using this word. It helps you distinguish between mundane actions and significant events in history. By learning 'kashf', you are expanding your world beyond the immediate surroundings of your home and classroom. You are starting to talk about the world and its mysteries. This is a very positive and exciting word to have in your beginner toolkit.

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At the A2 level, you are moving beyond simple phrases and starting to construct more varied sentences. 'Kashf' becomes more useful as you talk about history, science, and news. You should now understand the difference between 'kashf' (discovery) and 'ekhterā' (invention). This is a common point of confusion for students. Remember: nature provides what we 'kashf', but humans build what we 'ekhterā'. At A2, you can use 'kashf' in the past, present, and future tenses using the compound verb 'kashf kardan'. You will also start to see it used with the Ezafe construction, like 'kashf-e naft' (the discovery of oil). This is a key grammatical step at this level. You might also encounter the passive form 'kashf shod' (was discovered) in simple news headlines. For example, 'A new cave was discovered'. This helps you understand how the object of the discovery becomes the subject of the sentence. You can also start using 'kashf' to talk about your own life in a slightly more formal way, like 'discovering a new hobby' or 'discovering a beautiful park'. It's a step up from 'finding'. At A2, you should be able to answer questions like 'What did you discover in the museum?' using this word. It's also a great time to learn the word 'mājarā-jū' (adventurer) which often goes hand-in-hand with 'kashf'. Your vocabulary is growing to include more abstract concepts, and 'kashf' is a perfect bridge. It’s not just about physical objects anymore; it’s about information and secrets. You will hear it in TV shows when a character says 'I discovered the truth!'. This emotional and dramatic use of the word makes it very memorable. Practice saying 'Man yek rāz rā kashf kardam' (I discovered a secret) to get used to the word order.

As an intermediate (B1) learner, you can now use 'kashf' in more complex grammatical structures and varied contexts. You should be comfortable using it in subjunctive and conditional sentences, such as 'If they discover the cure, everyone will be happy'. You also start to see 'kashf' in academic and professional settings. In a B1 level text, you might read about 'kashf-e rāhhā-ye jadid barā-ye pishraft' (discovering new ways for progress). This shows the metaphorical use of the word. You should also be aware of related words like 'ekteshāf' (exploration) and how it differs from 'kashf'. While 'ekteshāf' is the process, 'kashf' is the result. This distinction is important for writing essays or giving presentations. At this level, you can use 'kashf' to describe internal processes, like 'self-discovery' (kashf-e khishtan). This adds a psychological layer to your Persian. You will also notice 'kashf' in more formal media, such as BBC Persian or VOA Farsi, often in the context of archaeology or police work. Understanding the collocations is key here: 'kashf-e jorm' (discovery of a crime), 'kashf-e mavād-e mokhadder' (discovery of drugs), and 'kashf-e asar-e bāstāni' (discovery of ancient artifacts). You can also use it to discuss the impact of discoveries on society. For instance, 'How did the discovery of fire change human life?'. This requires you to link 'kashf' with other complex verbs and conjunctions. Your ability to use 'kashf' accurately in these contexts marks your transition to an intermediate speaker. You are no longer just reporting facts; you are analyzing them. The word 'kashf' becomes a tool for deeper discussion about history, science, and the human condition. It's also a good time to learn some idioms or common phrases that use 'kashf', though it remains mostly a literal word.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to handle 'kashf' in its most formal and abstract forms. You should be able to read complex articles about scientific breakthroughs or historical debates where 'kashf' is a central theme. You will encounter the word in legal documents and high-level journalism. For example, 'kashf-e fesād-e māli' (discovery of financial corruption) is a common phrase in political news. You should also be familiar with the word's use in Persian literature and Sufism. In this context, 'kashf' is not just finding a planet; it is the 'unveiling' of divine secrets. This mystical sense of the word is essential for understanding classical Persian poetry by Rumi or Hafez. You should be able to discuss the philosophical implications of a discovery. For instance, 'Does every discovery lead to progress?'. This requires a high level of fluency and the ability to use 'kashf' as both a noun and part of a compound verb with ease. You should also be comfortable with the passive voice in various tenses, including the perfect and pluperfect: 'It had been discovered' (kashf shodeh būd). Your writing should show a sophisticated use of 'kashf' in transition sentences, such as 'Following this discovery...' (dar pey-e in kashf...). You can also use it in the context of 'kashf-e este'dād' (discovering talent), which is common in educational and HR contexts. At B2, you are refining your sense of register. You know when to use 'kashf' and when a more specific term like 'yāfteh' (finding) or 'shohud' (intuition) is appropriate. You can participate in debates about the ethics of scientific discovery, using 'kashf' as a starting point for complex arguments. This level of mastery means you are comfortable with the word in almost any situation, from a scientific symposium to a discussion about 13th-century mysticism.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'kashf' should be near-native. You can appreciate the subtle nuances of the word in different historical periods. For example, you understand the heavy historical and political baggage of the term 'Kashf-e Hejab' and can discuss it critically in Persian. You are also capable of understanding 'kashf' in the context of 'kashf-o-shohud' in advanced theological and philosophical texts. This involves the idea that truth is not just found but 'revealed' to the prepared mind. Your vocabulary includes all the derivatives of the root k-sh-f, such as 'mokaāshefeh' (revelation/vision), 'mokaāshef' (one who has visions), and 'mektashaf' (discovered). You can use 'kashf' in highly formal speeches or academic papers, making distinctions between 'empirical discovery' and 'theoretical revelation'. You are also sensitive to the word's use in legal terminology, such as 'kashf-e ālat-e jorm' (discovery of the instrument of crime). Your ability to use 'kashf' extends to creative writing, where you might use it metaphorically to describe the unveiling of a character's true nature or the discovery of a hidden truth in a narrative. You can analyze how the concept of 'kashf' has evolved in Persian thought from the medieval period to the modern day. This requires a deep understanding of Iranian culture and history. In discussions, you can use 'kashf' to talk about complex data mining techniques or the 'discovery' of new social trends. Your use of the word is precise, elegant, and contextually perfect. You can also identify and correct subtle misuses of the word by other learners. At C1, 'kashf' is not just a word you know; it's a concept you can manipulate to express complex, high-level ideas with nuance and authority.

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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of 'kashf' and its place in the Persian linguistic landscape. You can interpret the most obscure uses of the word in classical texts, legal statutes, and cutting-edge scientific discourse. You understand the etymological journey of the word from its Arabic roots to its modern Persian applications. You can discuss the nuances between 'kashf' and its synonyms in other languages, such as 'discovery', 'revelation', and 'detection', explaining why 'kashf' is the preferred term in specific Persian contexts. Your ability to use the word in spontaneous, high-stakes communication is flawless. Whether you are delivering a keynote speech on scientific innovation or participating in a scholarly debate on Sufi metaphysics, you use 'kashf' with the precision of a native intellectual. You are also aware of the word's subtle connotations in different Iranian dialects and how it might be used in colloquialisms or slang in specific subcultures. Your writing demonstrates a sophisticated integration of 'kashf' into complex rhetorical structures. You can use it to create irony, emphasis, or poetic resonance. You also understand the legal implications of 'kashf' in Iranian law, such as the 'kashf-e jorm' process and the rights of the accused. At this level, you are not just a user of the language; you are a guardian of its nuances. You can explain the 'kashf' of a new literary style or a new school of thought with ease. The word 'kashf' is a versatile tool in your extensive linguistic repertoire, allowing you to navigate the most complex intellectual terrains of the Persian-speaking world with confidence and grace. You can even appreciate the puns and wordplay involving 'kashf' in contemporary Iranian satire and media.

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کشف 30秒で

Kashf is a Persian noun meaning discovery, used for scientific, historical, and legal contexts.
It is a formal word often used in compound verbs like kashf kardan (to discover) or kashf shodan (to be discovered).
Distinct from ekhterā (invention), kashf refers to uncovering things that already existed in nature or history.
It carries a sense of importance and revelation, appearing frequently in news, textbooks, and mystical literature.

The Persian word کشف (kashf) is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to discovery in English. Rooted in the Arabic triliteral root k-sh-f, it fundamentally conveys the act of uncovering, revealing, or lifting a veil from something that was previously hidden or unknown. In the modern Persian language, its usage spans across various domains including science, history, law enforcement, and even spiritual philosophy. When a scientist identifies a new phenomenon, it is a کشف; when an archaeologist unearths an ancient artifact, it is a کشف; and when the police find hidden evidence, they have made a کشف. This word carries a sense of weight and importance, often implying that the discovery is significant enough to change current understanding or resolve a mystery. Unlike the simple act of finding something lost (which would use the verb peydā kardan), کشف implies that the object or truth existed but was obscured from human knowledge.

Scientific Revelation: In academic and scientific journals, کشف describes the breakthrough moments that redefine human knowledge, such as the discovery of a new planet or a medical cure.

دانشمندان یک سیاره جدید را کشف کردند که ممکن است حیات در آن وجود داشته باشد.

Beyond the physical, the word also appears in historical contexts, most notably in the phrase 'Kashf-e Hejab', referring to the 1936 decree in Iran regarding the removal of the veil. This demonstrates how the word can represent the literal act of uncovering. In contemporary media, you will see this word in headlines regarding 'kashf-e mavād-e mokhadder' (discovery of narcotics) or 'kashf-e rāz' (uncovering a secret). It is a formal word but widely understood by all speakers. For an English learner, understanding کشف is key to moving from basic daily conversation to intellectual and professional discourse. It signifies a transition from 'finding' (peydā kardan) to 'discovering' (kashf kardan), which is a crucial distinction in any language. The word evokes a sense of wonder and achievement, making it a favorite in literature and motivational speeches.

این کشف بزرگ مسیر تاریخ بشر را برای همیشه تغییر داد.

Mystical Usage: In Sufi and mystical Persian literature, 'kashf' refers to 'kashf-o-shohud', which is the unveiling of divine truths through spiritual intuition rather than rational logic.

عارفان به دنبال کشف حقایق درونی هستند.

Archaeological Context: Archaeologists use 'kashf' to describe the unearthing of ruins, such as the discovery of Persepolis's hidden tablets.

باستان‌شناسان موفق به کشف یک شهر زیرزمینی در نزدیکی اصفهان شدند.

هر کشف جدید دریچه‌ای به سوی آینده است.

Using the word کشف correctly in Persian requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and its functional role in compound verbs. While کشف itself is a noun meaning discovery, it most frequently appears in the phrase کشف کردن (to discover). In this structure, 'kashf' remains constant while the auxiliary verb 'kardan' is conjugated according to the subject and tense. For example, 'I discovered' is 'man kashf kardam'. It is important to note that 'kashf' is a transitive concept; you usually discover 'something'. That 'something' is the direct object and often takes the postposition 'rā'. For instance, 'He discovered the secret' is 'ū rāz rā kashf kard'.

Passive Voice: To say 'was discovered', we use the auxiliary verb 'shodan'. For example, 'The gold was discovered' is 'talā kashf shod'.

داروی جدید توسط دانشمندان ایرانی کشف شد.

In formal writing, you might encounter 'yek kashf-e bozorg' (a great discovery) or 'kashf-e rāhhā-ye jadid' (discovering new ways). The word is versatile enough to be used in personal growth contexts as well, such as 'kashf-e khishtan' (self-discovery). When constructing sentences, always consider the register. In very formal settings, the word 'ekteshāf' might be used for exploration, but 'kashf' remains the standard for the specific moment of finding.

سفر به هند باعث کشف استعدادهای جدیدی در او شد.

Negative Sentences: To negate the action, negate the auxiliary verb. 'They did not discover the truth' becomes 'ānhā haghighat rā kashf nakardand'.

پلیس هنوز علت اصلی حادثه را کشف نکرده است.

Interrogative Use: Ask 'What did you discover?' using 'che chizi': 'Shomā che chizi kashf kardid?'.

آیا می‌دانید چه کسی الکتریسیته را کشف کرد؟

این کشف علمی جایزه نوبل را برای او به ارمغان آورد.

The word کشف is ubiquitous in Iranian society, appearing in contexts ranging from the evening news to historical documentaries and crime novels. One of the most common places you will hear it is in news bulletins. News anchors frequently use 'kashf' when reporting on police operations. For instance, 'kashf-e mahmūleh-ye ghāchāgh' (discovery of a smuggled shipment) is a standard phrase in crime reporting. In educational settings, teachers use 'kashf' when discussing the history of science, such as the discovery of alcohol by Rhazes (Zakariya al-Razi) or the discovery of the laws of motion.

Media and Journalism: Headlines often use 'kashf' for dramatic effect, such as 'Kashf-e yek rāz-e makhfī dar tārikh' (Discovery of a hidden secret in history).

در اخبار شنیدم که پلیس یک انبار بزرگ کالای قاچاق را کشف کرده است.

In the world of archaeology and tourism, 'kashf' is used to describe the findings of ancient sites like Susa or Pasargadae. You will see it on museum plaques and in travel brochures. In documentaries, the narrator might speak of 'kashf-e asrār-e jahān' (discovering the secrets of the universe). Another modern context is in technology and data science, where 'kashf-e dādeh' refers to data discovery or data mining.

او با کشف این باگ در نرم‌افزار، امنیت سیستم را بهبود بخشید.

Academic Seminars: Professors often discuss 'kashf-e rāhhā-ye novin' (discovering innovative ways) to solve social or economic problems.

این مستند درباره کشف مقبره‌های باستانی در مصر است.

Literature and Poetry: Poets use 'kashf' to describe the moment an artist finds inspiration or a deeper meaning in life.

شاعر در هر غزل خود به کشف تازه‌ای از عشق می‌رسد.

پروژه فضایی اخیر به کشف نشانه‌های آب در مریخ منجر شد.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using کشف is confusing it with the word اختراع (ekhterā), which means invention. While in English we might loosely say 'he discovered a new machine', in Persian, objects created by humans are always 'ekhterā' (invented), while objects or laws that already existed in nature but were unknown are 'kashf' (discovered). For example, Thomas Edison 'ekhterā kard' the lightbulb, but Isaac Newton 'kashf kard' the law of gravity. Confusing these two can make a speaker sound uneducated in Persian. Another common error is using 'kashf' for everyday items like finding your car keys. For that, you must use 'peydā kardan'. Saying 'man kelid-hāyam rā kashf kardam' sounds like you are a scientist who just found the lost keys of an ancient civilization.

Kashf vs. Peydā Kardan: Use 'peydā kardan' for finding things you lost or looking for something specific. Use 'kashf' for revealing something previously unknown to the world or yourself.

اشتباه: ادیسون لامپ را کشف کرد. (درست: اختراع کرد)

A third mistake involves the passive voice. Learners often forget to use 'shodan' and instead try to use 'kardan' for passive meanings. 'The planet was discovered' is 'sayyāreh kashf shod', not 'sayyāreh kashf kard'. Additionally, be careful with the word 'ekteshāf'. While related, 'ekteshāf' means exploration (the process), whereas 'kashf' is the result (the discovery).

اشتباه: من راه خانه را کشف کردم. (درست: پیدا کردم)

Preposition Errors: Learners sometimes use 'dar' (in) when they should use 'rā' (direct object marker). It is 'rāz rā kashf kard' (discovered the secret), not 'dar rāz kashf kard'.

اشتباه: این قاره توسط او کشف کرد. (درست: کشف شد)

Word Order: In Persian, the object usually comes before the verb. 'Kashf-e amrikā' is the noun phrase, but 'Amrikā rā kashf kardand' is the sentence structure.

اشتباه: او کشف یک داروی جدید کرد. (درست: او یک داروی جدید کشف کرد)

اشتباه: پلیس دزد را کشف کرد. (درست: دستگیر کرد یا پیدا کرد)

While کشف is the most common word for discovery, Persian offers several synonyms and related terms that carry different nuances. Understanding these can help you choose the right word for the right context. The most direct synonym in a scientific or exploratory sense is اکتشاف (ekteshāf). However, 'ekteshāf' is often used to describe the process of exploration or prospecting (like 'ekteshāf-e naft' - oil exploration), whereas 'kashf' is the moment of finding. Another word is یافته (yāfteh), which means 'finding' or 'finding' in a research context. It is pluralized as 'yāfteh-hā' (findings).

Kashf vs. Ekteshāf: 'Kashf' is the result; 'Ekteshāf' is the systematic search or exploration process.

عملیات اکتشاف نفت در دریای خزر ادامه دارد، اما هنوز منبع بزرگی کشف نشده است.

In mystical contexts, شهود (shohud) is often used alongside 'kashf'. While 'kashf' is the uncovering, 'shohud' is the direct witnessing or intuition of the truth. Another alternative is شناسایی (shenāsāyi), which means identification or reconnaissance. If the police identify a suspect, they use 'shenāsāyi', but if they find hidden drugs, they use 'kashf'. For 'invention', as mentioned before, always use اختراع (ekhterā).

یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که کشف واکسن جدید بسیار حیاتی است.

Peydā Kardan vs. Kashf: 'Peydā kardan' is general finding. 'Kashf' is for things that were unknown to everyone or significant.

او به دنبال کشف حقیقت در میان دروغ‌ها بود.

Formal Alternatives: 'Estekhrāj' (extraction) is sometimes confused with 'kashf' in mining contexts, but 'estekhrāj' is the act of taking the material out after it has been 'kashf' (discovered).

با کشف این معدن، اقتصاد منطقه شکوفا شد.

تلاش برای کشف راه‌های جدید درمان سرطان همچنان ادامه دارد.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"کشف این واکسن گامی بزرگ در علم پزشکی است."

ニュートラル

"دانشمندان یک ستاره جدید کشف کردند."

カジュアル

"کاشف به عمل اومد که اون اصلاً اونجا نبوده!"

Child friendly

"ملوان‌ها یک جزیره قشنگ کشف کردند."

スラング

"طرف فکر کرده آپولو کشف کرده!"

豆知識

The word 'kashf' is used in the title of many famous Persian books, such as 'Kashf al-Mahjub', which is the oldest Persian treatise on Sufism, meaning 'The Unveiling of the Hidden'.

発音ガイド

UK /kæʃf/

US /kæʃf/

The stress is on the single syllable of the word.

韻が合う語

Jashn (celebration - partial) Ashraf (noble - partial) Zharf (deep) Harf (letter/word) Zarf (container) Barf (snow) Sarf (spending) Gharf (immersion)

よくある間違い

Adding a vowel between 'sh' and 'f' (e.g., saying 'kashaf').
Pronouncing the 'a' like the 'o' in 'hot' (it should be like 'a' in 'cat').

難易度

読解 2/5

The word is short and common in headlines and books.

ライティング 3/5

Requires understanding of compound verb conjugation and Ezafe.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation is simple, but must avoid the common 'kashaf' error.

リスニング 3/5

Can be confused with 'kaf' (foam) or 'kash' (if) in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

پیدا کردن (to find) راز (secret) دانشمند (scientist) جدید (new) چیز (thing)

次に学ぶ

اختراع (invention) جستجو (search) تحقیق (research) پیشرفت (progress) اثر (artifact/effect)

上級

شهود (intuition) ادراک (perception) تجلی (manifestation) مکاوش (investigation) استنباط (inference)

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

کشف + کردن = کشف کردن (To discover). The noun remains static.

Ezafe Construction

کشفِ نفت (Discovery of oil). The 'e' sound links the noun and its object.

Passive Voice with 'Shodan'

کشف + شدن = کشف شدن (To be discovered). Use this for unknown agents.

Past Participle as Adjective

کشف‌شده (discovered) and کشف‌نشده (undiscovered).

Direct Object Marker 'Rā'

او راز را کشف کرد. (He discovered the secret). Use 'rā' after the object.

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レベル別の例文

او یک راز را کشف کرد.

He discovered a secret.

Simple past tense of 'kashf kardan'.

ما یک جزیره کشف کردیم.

We discovered an island.

First person plural past tense.

کشف طلا عالی است.

Discovering gold is great.

'Kashf' used as a noun subject.

آنها چه چیزی کشف کردند؟

What did they discover?

Interrogative sentence in the past tense.

من یک کتاب قدیمی کشف کردم.

I discovered an old book.

First person singular past tense.

کشف او مهم بود.

His discovery was important.

'Kashf' with a possessive suffix.

آیا تو این را کشف کردی؟

Did you discover this?

Second person singular question.

کشف آتش زندگی را تغییر داد.

The discovery of fire changed life.

Ezafe construction: kashf-e ātesh.

دانشمندان یک داروی جدید کشف کردند.

Scientists discovered a new medicine.

Plural subject with past tense verb.

این غار سال گذشته کشف شد.

This cave was discovered last year.

Passive voice: 'kashf shod'.

کشف نفت در ایران بسیار مهم است.

The discovery of oil in Iran is very important.

Ezafe construction: kashf-e naft.

او می‌خواهد یک راه جدید کشف کند.

He wants to discover a new way.

Compound verb in the present subjunctive.

پلیس انبار مواد مخدر را کشف کرد.

The police discovered the drug warehouse.

Direct object with 'rā'.

کشف حقیقت همیشه آسان نیست.

Discovering the truth is not always easy.

Abstract noun usage.

آنها به دنبال کشف ستاره‌های جدید هستند.

They are looking for the discovery of new stars.

Present progressive context.

این کشف علمی جهان را تکان داد.

This scientific discovery shook the world.

Adjective modifying the noun 'kashf'.

اگر او این راز را کشف کند، همه چیز خراب می‌شود.

If he discovers this secret, everything will be ruined.

Conditional sentence with present subjunctive.

باستان‌شناسان در حال کشف آثار باستانی هستند.

Archaeologists are in the process of discovering ancient artifacts.

Present progressive with 'dar hāl-e'.

کشف استعدادهای جوان از وظایف مدرسه است.

Discovering young talents is one of the school's duties.

Plural noun with Ezafe.

او بعد از سال‌ها تلاش، راه درمان را کشف کرد.

After years of effort, he discovered the way to the cure.

Complex sentence with a temporal clause.

این کشف منجر به پیشرفت‌های بزرگی شد.

This discovery led to great advancements.

'Monjar be' (led to) collocation.

پلیس موفق به کشف شبکه قاچاق شد.

The police succeeded in discovering the smuggling network.

'Movaffagh be' (succeeded in) collocation.

کشف خود واقعی اولین قدم برای خوشبختی است.

Discovering one's true self is the first step to happiness.

Reflexive usage.

آیا هیچ کشف جدیدی در این زمینه صورت گرفته است؟

Has any new discovery been made in this field?

Passive construction with 'surat gereftan'.

کشف فساد مالی باعث استعفای وزیر شد.

The discovery of financial corruption caused the minister's resignation.

Formal noun phrase as a subject.

او در کتابش به کشف لایه‌های پنهان تاریخ می‌پردازد.

In his book, he deals with the discovery of hidden layers of history.

'Be ... mi-pardāzad' (deals with) structure.

این کشف بزرگ دریچه‌ای نو به سوی آینده گشود.

This great discovery opened a new window toward the future.

Metaphorical usage.

نظریه او بر پایه کشف‌های قبلی بنا شده است.

His theory is built on the basis of previous discoveries.

Plural noun with 'hā'.

کشف حجاب در دوره پهلوی یک واقعه تاریخی مهم بود.

The 'unveiling' in the Pahlavi era was an important historical event.

Specific historical term.

دانشمندان امیدوارند به کشف حیات در مریخ دست یابند.

Scientists hope to achieve the discovery of life on Mars.

'Dast yāftan' (to achieve) collocation.

این فیلم درباره کشف یک توطئه بزرگ دولتی است.

This movie is about the discovery of a major government conspiracy.

Complex noun phrase.

کشف و شهود در عرفان ایرانی جایگاه ویژه‌ای دارد.

Discovery and vision (unveiling) have a special place in Iranian mysticism.

Paired noun phrase.

کشف ابعاد جدید این پرونده قضایی زمان‌بر خواهد بود.

Discovering the new dimensions of this judicial case will be time-consuming.

Future tense with 'khāhad būd'.

او با ذکاوت خود توانست تناقضات موجود را کشف کند.

With his intelligence, he was able to discover the existing contradictions.

Use of 'tavānestan' with 'kashf kardan'.

کشف ریشه‌های این بحران اجتماعی نیازمند تحقیق است.

Discovering the roots of this social crisis requires research.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

این کشف تصادفی منجر به انقلابی در صنعت شد.

This accidental discovery led to a revolution in the industry.

Adjective 'tasādofī' (accidental).

عارف در مرحله کشف، پرده از اسرار ملکوت برمی‌دارد.

The mystic, in the stage of unveiling, lifts the veil from the secrets of the kingdom of heaven.

Classical/Sufi terminology.

کشف و ضبط اموال قاچاق توسط گمرک انجام شد.

The discovery and seizure of smuggled goods was carried out by customs.

Legal/Administrative jargon.

او به کشف رابطه‌ای میان موسیقی و ریاضیات نایل آمد.

He succeeded in discovering a relationship between music and mathematics.

Formal 'nāyel āmadan' (to succeed/achieve).

کشف حقیقت در گرو رهایی از تعصبات است.

Discovering the truth depends on being free from prejudices.

Philosophical 'dar gerow-e' (depends on).

کشف ماهیت بنیادین زمان یکی از بزرگترین چالش‌های فیزیک است.

Discovering the fundamental nature of time is one of the greatest challenges of physics.

Highly academic subject matter.

این رساله به بررسی کشف‌های جغرافیایی در قرن پانزدهم می‌پردازد.

This dissertation deals with the investigation of geographical discoveries in the 15th century.

Formal academic register.

کشف و استخراج معادن لیتیوم تحولی در باتری‌سازی ایجاد کرد.

The discovery and extraction of lithium mines created a transformation in battery manufacturing.

Technical/Industrial context.

او در مقام یک کارآگاه، به کشف زوایای تاریک روان قاتل پرداخت.

In his capacity as a detective, he proceeded to discover the dark corners of the killer's psyche.

Literary 'be ... pardākht' (proceeded to).

کشف پارادایم‌های نوین در علوم انسانی ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

Discovering new paradigms in the humanities is an unavoidable necessity.

Advanced social science terminology.

این کشف، فرضیات پیشین در مورد منشأ زبان را باطل کرد.

This discovery invalidated previous hypotheses about the origin of language.

Scientific 'bātel kardan' (to invalidate).

کشف شواهد جدید، روند دادرسی را به کلی تغییر داد.

The discovery of new evidence completely changed the course of the trial.

Legal 'ravand-e dādresi' (course of trial).

او در غزل‌هایش به کشف مداوم زیبایی در اشیاء روزمره مشغول است.

In his sonnets, he is engaged in the constant discovery of beauty in everyday objects.

Literary criticism register.

よく使う組み合わせ

کشف کردن

کشف شدن

کشف و ضبط

کشف حجاب

کشف علمی

کشف جرم

کشف استعداد

کشف حقیقت

کشف نفت

کشف راز

よく使うフレーズ

کشف و شهود

— Spiritual unveiling and direct vision in mysticism.

او زندگی خود را وقف کشف و شهود کرد.

کشف به عمل آمدن

— Formal way of saying 'a discovery was made'.

در این عملیات، کشف‌های زیادی به عمل آمد.

موفق به کشف شدن

— To succeed in discovering something.

او موفق به کشف راه حل شد.

کشف میدانی

— Field discovery, often in archaeology.

کشف‌های میدانی اطلاعات زیادی به ما می‌دهند.

کشف بزرگ

— A major discovery.

این کشف بزرگ همه را شگفت‌زده کرد.

کشف تصادفی

— Accidental discovery.

پنیسیلین یک کشف تصادفی بود.

کشف جدید

— New discovery.

ما منتظر کشف‌های جدید هستیم.

کشف تاریخی

— Historical discovery.

کشف تخت جمشید یک واقعه تاریخی بود.

کشف معدن

— Discovery of a mine.

کشف معدن طلا در روستا.

کشف دارو

— Discovery of a drug.

کشف داروهای جدید حیاتی است.

よく混同される語

کشف vs اختراع (ekhterā)

Invention. Used for things humans make, while 'kashf' is for things that already existed.

کشف vs پیدا کردن (peydā kardan)

To find. Used for everyday objects, while 'kashf' is for significant or hidden things.

کشف vs جستجو (jostojū)

Search. The act of looking, while 'kashf' is the act of finding.

慣用句と表現

"کشف کردن که آب گرم است"

— To 'discover' something that is already obvious to everyone (ironic).

فکر کردی کشف کردی آب گرم است؟

Informal

"پرده از کشف برداشتن"

— To reveal a discovery that was being kept secret.

دانشمند بالاخره پرده از کشف خود برداشت.

Formal

"کشف کرامات کردن"

— To claim to have discovered something miraculous or extraordinary (often used sarcastically).

باز هم کشف کرامات کردی؟

Informal/Sarcastic

"در پی کشف"

— In pursuit of discovery.

او همواره در پی کشف حقیقت بود.

Literary

"کشف الاسرار"

— The uncovering of secrets (often used in titles of religious/mystical books).

کتاب کشف الاسرار امام خمینی.

Formal/Religious

"کشف‌الغطاء"

— Removing the cover/veil (Arabic phrase used in Persian for deep revelation).

این سخن کشف‌الغطاء بود.

Academic/Theological

"کشف و کرامت"

— Signs of spiritual discovery and miracles.

درباره او کشف و کرامات زیادی نقل شده است.

Religious

"کشف هویت"

— Discovery of identity (e.g., in a crime case).

کشف هویت مقتول توسط پلیس.

Legal

"کشف قیمت"

— Price discovery (economic term for finding the market price).

کشف قیمت در بورس کالا.

Economic

"کشف استعداد نهفته"

— Discovering hidden talent.

او در کشف استعدادهای نهفته مهارت دارد.

Educational

間違えやすい

کشف vs اکتشاف

Both relate to discovery.

'Ekteshāf' is the process of exploration; 'kashf' is the specific event of discovery.

عملیات اکتشاف (exploration) منجر به کشف (discovery) شد.

کشف vs انکشاف

Looks similar to 'kashf'.

'Enkeshāf' is more about development or the unfolding of an event, often used in Dari Persian for 'development'.

انکشافات جدید در پرونده (new developments in the case).

کشف vs کاشف

Same root.

'Kāshef' is the person (the discoverer) or an adjective (revealing).

رازی کاشف الکل بود.

کشف vs مکاشفه

Same root.

'Mokāshefeh' is specifically a spiritual or mystical revelation.

او در حال مکاشفه بود.

کشف vs یافته

Synonym for discovery.

'Yāfteh' is more common in research and data analysis as 'findings'.

یافته‌های این آزمایش.

文型パターン

[Subject] [Object] rā kashf kard.

او طلا را کشف کرد.

[Object] kashf shod.

این غار کشف شد.

[Subject] dar hāl-e kashf-e [Object] ast.

او در حال کشف حقیقت است.

In kashf monjar be [Noun] shod.

این کشف منجر به موفقیت شد.

Kashf-e [Noun] niyāzmand-e [Noun] ast.

کشف حقیقت نیازمند زمان است.

[Subject] be kashf-e [Noun] nāyel āmad.

او به کشف راه حل نایل آمد.

Agar [Subject] [Object] rā kashf konad...

اگر او راه را کشف کند...

Kashf-e [Noun] mohem ast.

کشف نفت مهم است.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

High in news, education, and history; medium in daily life.

よくある間違い

ادیسون برق را اختراع کرد. → ادیسون برق را کشف نکرد، او لامپ را اختراع کرد. (Electricity was discovered/harnessed, not invented).
Learners often swap discovery and invention for scientific topics.
من کلیدم را کشف کردم. → من کلیدم را پیدا کردم.
Using 'kashf' for personal, trivial items is incorrect; 'peydā' is for everyday finding.
او یک جزیره کشف کرد کرد. → او یک جزیره کشف کرد.
Repeating 'kard' or mis-conjugating the compound verb is common.
کشفِ آمریکا توسط کریستف کلمب شد. → آمریکا توسط کریستف کلمب کشف شد.
Incorrect word order in passive constructions.
کاشف به معنی یافته است. → کاشف به معنی کسی است که کشف می‌کند.
Confusing the noun 'kashf' (discovery) with the agent 'kāshef' (discoverer).

ヒント

Compound Verb Tip

Always conjugate the 'kardan' part, never the 'kashf' part. For example, 'I will discover' is 'kashf khāham kard'.

Avoid Confusion

Remember: Newton 'kashf kard' gravity, but Bell 'ekhterā kard' the telephone.

One Syllable

Keep 'kashf' as one short, sharp syllable. Don't say 'ka-shaf'.

News Keywords

If you hear 'kashf' on the news, listen for 'mavād-e mokhadder' (drugs) or 'ghāchāgh' (smuggling).

Ezafe Usage

When saying 'Discovery of...', always add the short 'e' sound: 'kashf-e...'.

Mystical Meaning

In poetry, 'kashf' is spiritual. It’s about seeing the truth with your heart, not just your eyes.

The 'Chef' Mnemonic

Imagine a 'Chef' (sounds like kashf) discovering a new secret recipe. Chef = Kashf = Discovery.

Dramatic Effect

Use 'kashf' instead of 'peydā' to make a finding sound more important or exciting.

Passive Voice

If you hear 'kashf shod', it means something WAS discovered. The person who found it might not be mentioned.

Self-Discovery

Use 'kashf-e khishtan' for 'self-discovery' in a journal or a deep conversation.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Cash-F'. You 'discover' a pile of 'Cash' and say 'F' (Fantastic!). Kashf = Discovery.

視覚的連想

Imagine a large, dusty velvet curtain being pulled back to reveal a glowing, ancient golden crown. The act of pulling the curtain is 'kashf'.

Word Web

Science Secret Unveiling Archaeology Truth Police Mystery History

チャレンジ

Try to use 'kashf kardan' in three sentences today: one about a scientific fact, one about a secret, and one about a personal realization.

語源

Derived from the Arabic root k-sh-f (ك-ش-ف), which means to uncover, to reveal, or to expose.

元の意味： The original meaning in Arabic is the literal act of removing a covering or a veil from an object.

Afroasiatic (Arabic) root adopted into the Indo-European (Persian) lexicon.

文化的な背景

Be cautious when discussing 'Kashf-e Hejab' in political or religious contexts, as it is a polarizing historical event.

English speakers might use 'discovery' for both 'kashf' and 'ekhterā', but Persian speakers are strict about the difference.

Kashf al-Mahjub (Sufi text) Kashf-e Hejab (Historical event) Kashf-e Alkol (Discovery of alcohol by Razi)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Science Class

کشف الکتریسیته (discovery of electricity)
قانون جاذبه را کشف کرد (discovered the law of gravity)
کشف‌های علمی (scientific discoveries)
مبتنی بر کشف (based on discovery)

Police News

کشف جرم (discovery of crime)
کشف کالای قاچاق (discovery of smuggled goods)
کشف جسد (discovery of a body)
کشف سرنخ (discovery of a clue)

History Museum

کشف آثار باستانی (discovery of ancient artifacts)
کشف تمدن (discovery of civilization)
مکان کشف (place of discovery)
تاریخ کشف (date of discovery)

Personal Growth

کشف استعداد (discovering talent)
کشف خود (self-discovery)
کشف علایق (discovering interests)
کشف دنیای جدید (discovering a new world)

Archaeology

کشف مقبره (discovery of a tomb)
کشف کتیبه (discovery of an inscription)
کشف شهر زیرزمینی (discovery of an underground city)
هیئت کشف (discovery team)

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال چیز جالبی کشف کرده‌اید؟ (Have you ever discovered something interesting?)"

"به نظر شما بزرگترین کشف تاریخ چیست؟ (In your opinion, what is the greatest discovery in history?)"

"اگر می‌توانستید یک چیز جدید کشف کنید، آن چه بود؟ (If you could discover something new, what would it be?)"

"آیا کشف حقیقت همیشه خوب است؟ (Is discovering the truth always good?)"

"کدام دانشمند را برای کشف‌هایش بیشتر دوست دارید؟ (Which scientist do you like most for their discoveries?)"

日記のテーマ

امروز چه چیز جدیدی درباره خودتان کشف کردید؟ (What new thing did you discover about yourself today?)

درباره کشفی بنویسید که زندگی شما را تغییر داد. (Write about a discovery that changed your life.)

اگر یک سرزمین ناشناخته کشف می‌کردید، نام آن را چه می‌گذاشتید؟ (If you discovered an unknown land, what would you name it?)

تفاوت بین کشف و اختراع را با مثال توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between discovery and invention with examples.)

چرا انسان‌ها همیشه به دنبال کشف ناشناخته‌ها هستند؟ (Why are humans always seeking to discover the unknown?)

よくある質問

10 問

No, that would sound very strange. Use 'peydā kardan' for everyday items. 'Kashf' is for big, hidden, or scientific things.

'Kashf' is discovery (finding something that already exists, like a planet). 'Ekhterā' is invention (making something new, like a computer).

Yes, it is more formal than 'peydā kardan', but it is very common in news and textbooks.

You use 'kashf-nashodeh' (کشف‌نشده).

Yes, 'kashf-hā' (کشف‌ها), but in formal scientific contexts, 'ekteshāfāt' (اکتشافات) is often used for 'discoveries'.

It refers to the 1936 historical event in Iran where the wearing of the veil was prohibited by law.

Only in specific contexts like 'kashf-e este'dād' (discovering talent) or in police reports (finding a missing person).

It is a consonant cluster. Pronounce the 'sh' and immediately move to 'f' without any vowel in between.

Yes, it is a very important term meaning the 'unveiling' of divine truths to the heart of the mystic.

The auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/make), forming 'kashf kardan' (to discover).

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