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A1 adjective #1,500 よく出る 6分で読める

مشابه

Q: Can I use 'moshābeh' for people?

Yes, you can say 'آنها قیافههای مشابهی دارند' (They have similar faces), but 'shabih' is more common when saying one person looks like another.

moshâbeh 上位1,500

練習する例文メモとヒント مشابه 30秒で

解説 مشابه in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'مشابه' (moshābeh) is a very useful word for making basic comparisons. Think of it as a way to say 'like this' or 'similar'. When you are learning a new language, you often want to point at things and say they are the same or different. 'Moshābeh' helps you do this. For example, if you see two red apples, you can say they are 'moshābeh'. It is a formal way to describe things that look alike. You will mostly use it in simple sentences like 'این مشابه است' (This is similar). It is important to know that it comes after the noun. If you have two pens, you can say 'دو قلمِ مشابه' (two similar pens). Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just remember it means 'similar' and it's a great word to use when you want to sound a bit more advanced than just using 'shabih'. You might hear it in a shop when looking for clothes or in a classroom when looking at examples. It's a foundational word for describing the world around you.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'مشابه' to describe more than just physical objects. You can use it for simple experiences or situations. For instance, if you and a friend both had a busy day, you can say 'ما روزهای مشابهی داشتیم' (We had similar days). Notice the 'i' at the end of 'moshābehi'—this means 'a similar...'. You are also learning to use the Ezafe construction. So, you can say 'مشابهِ این' (similar to this). This is very helpful when you are shopping and want something 'like' what you are holding. You should also start to distinguish 'moshābeh' from 'shabih'. While 'shabih' is very common in spoken Persian, 'moshābeh' appears more in books and on the news. Using 'moshābeh' shows you are expanding your vocabulary beyond the most basic level. You will also see it in plural forms like 'موارد مشابه' (similar cases/items), which is a very common phrase in Persian instructions or descriptions.

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By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'مشابه' in a variety of contexts, including work and social issues. You can use it to compare ideas, results, or behaviors. For example, 'او در موقعیتی مشابه قرار گرفت' (He was placed in a similar situation). At this level, you should understand that 'moshābeh' implies that while things are alike, they are not exactly the same. This nuance is important for more detailed descriptions. You will also encounter 'moshābeh' in compound sentences and as part of more complex phrases like 'به طور مشابه' (similarly). This is a great transition word for your writing. Instead of just listing facts, you can use 'به طور مشابه' to link two similar ideas together. You should also be aware of its synonyms like 'همسان' and 'یکسان' and know when 'moshābeh' is the better choice (when there is resemblance but not identity).

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At the B2 level, 'مشابه' becomes a tool for more sophisticated analysis and reporting. You will see it frequently in academic texts, news reports, and professional documents. You should be able to use it to describe trends, such as 'روند مشابهی در اقتصاد دیده می‌شود' (A similar trend is seen in the economy). You will also notice it used in the negative, 'غیرمشابه' (dissimilar), though 'متفاوت' is more common. At this level, you should be sensitive to the register of the word. 'Moshābeh' carries a level of precision and formality that 'shabih' lacks. In a business meeting or a university essay, 'moshābeh' is almost always preferred. You should also be able to handle the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as using it within relative clauses or as part of long, descriptive noun phrases. You are moving from just 'using' the word to 'choosing' it for its specific tone.

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At the C1 level, you are exploring the nuances of 'مشابه' in legal, philosophical, and highly technical contexts. You will encounter it in legal codes where 'موارد مشابه' refers to legal precedents or similar circumstances that dictate a specific judicial outcome. In literature, it might be used to describe motifs or themes that echo across different works. You should be able to discuss the etymology of the word (from the Arabic root Sh-B-H) and how it relates to other words like 'tashbih' (metaphor/simile) in Persian poetics. Your usage should be flawless, including the correct use of Ezafe and the ability to distinguish it from highly specific synonyms like 'متناظر' (corresponding) or 'هم‌ارز' (equivalent). You can use 'moshābeh' to build complex arguments, comparing and contrasting subtle points with precision. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it's a tool for nuanced expression.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'مشابه' and its place within the vast landscape of Persian vocabulary. You can use it to discuss abstract concepts in philosophy, such as the 'analogy of being' or 'resemblance theories'. You understand its historical usage in classical Persian prose and how its frequency and function have evolved into modern Persian. You can effortlessly switch between 'moshābeh' and its more obscure synonyms to achieve a specific rhetorical effect or to adhere to a particular academic style. You are also aware of how 'moshābeh' is used in different Persian-speaking regions (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan) and any subtle differences in its connotation. At this level, you can even play with the word in creative writing, using its formal weight to create irony or to emphasize a profound connection between seemingly disparate things. Your understanding is both deep and wide.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

مشابه 30秒で

Means 'similar' or 'alike'.
Formal adjective used after nouns.
Indicates resemblance, not identity.
Common in news, academic, and formal speech.

The word مشابه (moshābeh) is a cornerstone of the Persian language, primarily functioning as an adjective to describe the quality of being similar or alike. At its core, it suggests that two or more entities share common characteristics, features, or qualities without being identical. In the realm of linguistics, it bridges the gap between 'different' and 'same'. When you look at two houses built with the same architectural plan but painted in different colors, they are مشابه. This word is essential for categorization, comparison, and describing patterns in daily life. It originates from the Arabic root 'sh-b-h', which relates to resemblance and likeness, a root that also gives us words like 'shabih' (like/similar) and 'tashbih' (simile).

Core Concept: Resemblance in form, character, or quantity between two distinct things.
Linguistic Function: Acts as an adjective following a noun, often connected via the Ezafe construction (e.g., رنگِ مشابه).
Degree of Likeness: Implies a high degree of overlap but acknowledges inherent differences.

ما در شرایط مشابه زندگی می‌کنیم.

Translation: We live in similar conditions.

Understanding 'moshābeh' requires recognizing its versatility. It can be used in scientific contexts (similar results), legal contexts (similar cases), or casual conversation (similar clothes). Unlike the word 'yek-sān' (identical), 'moshābeh' allows for variation. It is the word you use when you want to point out a pattern without claiming total equality. For instance, two students might have 'moshābeh' answers, which might suggest they studied together or, in a more negative light, that one copied the other. The nuance lies in the shared attributes.

این دو گوشی موبایل از نظر ظاهری کاملاً مشابه هستند.

او لباسی مشابه لباس من پوشیده بود.

نتایج تحقیق در هر دو گروه مشابه بود.

آیا شما هم تجربه مشابهی داشته‌اید؟

Using مشابه correctly involves understanding its placement in a sentence and its relationship with the Ezafe. In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun they modify. When 'moshābeh' is used to compare one thing to another directly, it often takes the Ezafe (-e) to link to the object of comparison. For example, 'ketābi moshābeh-e in' (a book similar to this). However, it can also stand alone as a predicate adjective, as in 'in do ketāb moshābeh hastand' (these two books are similar).

As an Attributive Adjective: Placed after the noun: 'تجربه مشابه' (similar experience).
With Comparison: Using Ezafe: 'مشابهِ آن' (similar to that).
In Plurality: Often used with 'موارد' (cases) or 'نمونه‌ها' (examples): 'موارد مشابه' (similar cases).

ما باید از تکرار اشتباهات مشابه جلوگیری کنیم.

In formal writing, you might encounter 'moshābeh' in complex sentence structures involving prepositions like 'با' (with) or 'به' (to), though the Ezafe is most common. It is also frequently paired with intensifiers like 'کاملاً' (completely) or 'بسیار' (very). For instance, 'بسیار مشابه' (very similar). When you are comparing two specific items, you might say 'این مشابهِ آن است'. Note that 'moshābeh' does not change for gender or number, as is standard for Persian adjectives, but it can take the indefinite 'i' (مشابهی) when referring to 'a similar [thing]'.

آن‌ها نظرات مشابهی در مورد سیاست دارند.

قیمت این دو کالا تقریباً مشابه است.

You will encounter مشابه in a wide variety of settings, from the newsroom to the marketplace. In news broadcasts, it is often used to compare current events to historical ones, such as 'در حادثه‌ای مشابه' (in a similar incident). In scientific and academic contexts, it is indispensable for describing data sets, experimental results, and theoretical frameworks that share commonalities. For example, a researcher might say 'نتایج مشابهی به دست آمد' (similar results were obtained).

In the News: Reporting on crimes, weather patterns, or political movements: 'اعتراضات مشابه در شهرهای دیگر'.
In Shopping: When a customer asks for something like a product they see: 'آیا مدل مشابهی دارید؟'.
In Medicine: Describing symptoms or reactions to medication: 'علائم مشابه سرماخوردگی'.

In everyday conversation, Iranians use 'moshābeh' to find common ground. If you are talking about a movie you liked, your friend might say 'من هم فیلم مشابهی دیدم' (I also saw a similar movie). It is also very common in the workplace when discussing projects, reports, or strategies. A manager might ask for a 'gozāresh-e moshābeh' (a similar report) to one produced in the past. It’s a word that facilitates comparison and helps in organizing thoughts by grouping like things together.

پلیس به دنبال خودرویی مشابه است.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with مشابه is confusing it with 'shabih' (شبیه). While they are synonyms, 'shabih' is often used in more informal contexts and typically requires the preposition 'be' (to) when making a comparison (e.g., shabih be mādar-ash - similar to his mother). 'Moshābeh', on the other hand, is slightly more formal and uses the Ezafe for the same purpose (moshābeh-e mādar-ash). Using 'moshābeh be' is generally considered incorrect or at least less standard than 'moshābeh-e'.

Mistake 1: Overusing 'Yeksān': Using 'yeksān' (identical) when things are only 'moshābeh' (similar). If there are any differences, use 'moshābeh'.
Mistake 2: Incorrect Preposition: Saying 'moshābeh be' instead of using the Ezafe 'moshābeh-e'.
Mistake 3: Confusion with 'Ham-shekl': 'Ham-shekl' specifically means 'same shape', whereas 'moshābeh' is broader and can refer to quality, behavior, or appearance.

Another common error is failing to use the indefinite 'i' when the noun it modifies is indefinite. For example, 'yek tajrobe-ye moshābeh' (a similar experience) is correct, but sometimes learners forget the 'ye' or the 'i' and say 'yek tajrobe moshābeh', which sounds clipped. Additionally, in very formal or archaic contexts, 'moshābeh' can be used as a noun meaning 'peer' or 'equal', but this is rare in modern speech and can confuse learners who only know it as an adjective.

غلط: این کتاب مشابه به آن است. (Incorrect preposition)

درست: این کتاب مشابهِ آن است. (Correct use of Ezafe)

Persian has a rich vocabulary for expressing likeness, and مشابه is just one of many options. Understanding the subtle differences between these synonyms will greatly enhance your fluency. The most common alternative is 'shabih' (شبیه). While 'moshābeh' sounds more technical or formal, 'shabih' is the go-to word for everyday comparisons, like saying a child looks like their parent. Another word is 'mānand' (مانند), which usually functions as a preposition meaning 'like' or 'as', rather than a standalone adjective.

شبیه (Shabih): Common, informal, used for visual resemblance. Often used with 'be'.
یکسان (Yeksān): Identical or uniform. No room for difference. Used for weights, measures, or identical twins.
همسان (Hamsān): Equivalent or of the same level. Often used in social or mathematical contexts.

There is also 'ham-gon' (همگون), which is often used in sociological or scientific contexts to mean 'homogeneous' or 'of the same kind'. If you are talking about things that are 'similar' because they belong to the same category, 'ham-gon' might be more precise. Conversely, 'motanāzer' (متناظر) is used in mathematics and logic to mean 'corresponding'. Choosing between these depends on whether you are describing a visual likeness, a functional equivalence, or a structural correspondence.

او رفتاری شبیه به برادرش دارد. (More informal/common)

هر دو اتاق دارای ابعاد یکسان هستند. (Exactly the same size)

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe construction

Adjective placement

Indefinite 'i' usage

Predicate vs. Attributive adjectives

Pluralization of nouns with adjectives

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レベル別の例文

این دو کیف مشابه هستند.

These two bags are similar.

Simple predicate adjective usage.

من یک پیراهن مشابه دارم.

I have a similar shirt.

Attributive adjective following the noun.

آیا این رنگ مشابه است؟

Is this color similar?

Question form.

او کفش‌های مشابهی خرید.

He bought similar shoes.

Use of indefinite 'i' (مشابهی).

این کتاب مشابهِ آن کتاب است.

This book is similar to that book.

Use of Ezafe for comparison.

ما دو ماشین مشابه داریم.

We have two similar cars.

Plural noun with adjective.

او یک نام مشابه دارد.

He has a similar name.

Abstract use of similarity.

این دو خانه مشابه هستند.

These two houses are similar.

Standard adjective usage.

من در موقعیتی مشابه بودم.

I was in a similar situation.

Situational similarity.

آن‌ها نظرات مشابهی دارند.

They have similar opinions.

Indefinite plural usage.

قیمت این دو گوشی مشابه است.

The price of these two phones is similar.

Comparing attributes (price).

او لباسی مشابهِ من پوشیده بود.

She was wearing a dress similar to mine.

Comparison with Ezafe.

آیا مدل مشابهی در مغازه دارید؟

Do you have a similar model in the shop?

Asking for alternatives.

ما از روش‌های مشابه استفاده کردیم.

We used similar methods.

Plural adjective usage.

این دو داستان موضوع مشابهی دارند.

These two stories have a similar theme.

Abstract similarity.

او تجربه‌ای مشابه در سفر داشت.

He had a similar experience during the trip.

Indefinite 'i' on the noun and adjective.

نتایج تحقیق در هر دو گروه مشابه بود.

The research results were similar in both groups.

Academic/Formal usage.

به طور مشابه، او نیز از کارش استعفا داد.

Similarly, he also resigned from his job.

Adverbial phrase 'به طور مشابه'.

این دارو اثرات مشابهی بر بیماران دارد.

This medicine has similar effects on patients.

Medical context.

ما باید از تکرار اشتباهات مشابه جلوگیری کنیم.

We must prevent the repetition of similar mistakes.

Compound noun phrase.

او با مشکلات مشابهی در زندگی روبرو شد.

He faced similar problems in life.

Abstract problems.

این دو نرم‌افزار عملکردهای مشابهی دارند.

These two softwares have similar functions.

Technical context.

در شرایط مشابه، من هم همین کار را می‌کردم.

In similar circumstances, I would have done the same.

Conditional context.

آن‌ها به دنبال راهکاری مشابه هستند.

They are looking for a similar solution.

Goal-oriented similarity.

روند مشابهی در بازارهای جهانی مشاهده می‌شود.

A similar trend is observed in global markets.

Passive voice with 'moshābeh'.

این پرونده شباهت‌های مشابهی با پرونده قبلی دارد.

This case has similar similarities to the previous case.

Legal/Formal context.

تحلیلگران به نتایج مشابهی دست یافته‌اند.

Analysts have reached similar conclusions.

Professional context.

او در مقاله‌ای مشابه به این موضوع پرداخته است.

He addressed this issue in a similar article.

Academic reference.

ساختار این دو سازمان کاملاً مشابه است.

The structure of these two organizations is completely similar.

Structural comparison.

ما نیازمند رویکردی مشابه در آموزش هستیم.

We need a similar approach in education.

Policy/Strategy context.

این دو پدیده از نظر علمی مشابه تلقی می‌شوند.

These two phenomena are considered scientifically similar.

Scientific classification.

او با لحنی مشابه به سوالات پاسخ داد.

He answered the questions with a similar tone.

Describing manner.

در فقه اسلامی، موارد مشابه بر اساس قیاس بررسی می‌شوند.

In Islamic jurisprudence, similar cases are examined based on analogy.

Legal/Theological context.

این دو نظریه علی‌رغم تفاوت‌های ظاهری، از بنیان مشابه هستند.

These two theories, despite outward differences, are fundamentally similar.

Advanced contrast and comparison.

نویسنده در آثار متأخر خود از مضامین مشابهی بهره جسته است.

The author has utilized similar themes in his later works.

Literary analysis.

بررسی تطبیقی نشان‌دهنده الگوهای مشابه در جوامع مختلف است.

Comparative study indicates similar patterns in different societies.

Sociological context.

این واکنش شیمیایی در شرایط دمایی مشابه رخ می‌دهد.

This chemical reaction occurs under similar temperature conditions.

Technical/Scientific precision.

سیاست‌گذاران باید پیامدهای مشابه را در نظر بگیرند.

Policymakers must consider similar consequences.

Political/Strategic context.

او با استدلالی مشابه، فرضیه قبلی را رد کرد.

With a similar argument, he rejected the previous hypothesis.

Logical argumentation.

تنوع زیستی در اقلیم‌های مشابه، یکسان نیست.

Biodiversity in similar climates is not identical.

Scientific nuance.

در هستی‌شناسی صدرایی، مفاهیم مشابه از حیث تشکیک وجود بررسی می‌شوند.

In Sadrian ontology, similar concepts are examined in terms of the gradation of being.

Highly specialized philosophical context.

تقارن‌های مشابه در فیزیک کوانتوم، دریچه‌ای به سوی قوانین بنیادین هستند.

Similar symmetries in quantum physics are a window to fundamental laws.

Advanced scientific context.

این اثر هنری، بازنمایی مشابهی از رنج بشری در قرن بیستم است.

This artwork is a similar representation of human suffering in the 20th century.

Art criticism.

زبان‌شناسان به دنبال ریشه‌های مشابه در خانواده‌های زبانی دور هستند.

Linguists are looking for similar roots in distant language families.

Linguistic research.

تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها حاکی از نوسانات مشابه در بازه زمانی بلندمدت است.

Data analysis indicates similar fluctuations over a long-term period.

Statistical analysis.

او با ظرافتی مشابه، به نقد ساختارهای قدرت پرداخت.

With similar subtlety, he critiqued power structures.

Sophisticated social critique.

الگوهای مشابه در معماری سنتی، نشان‌دهنده وحدت فرهنگی است.

Similar patterns in traditional architecture indicate cultural unity.

Cultural/Architectural analysis.

در متون کلاسیک، مشابهت‌های مشابه به ندرت تصادفی هستند.

In classical texts, similar resemblances are rarely accidental.

Philological analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

موارد مشابه

شرایط مشابه

رفتاری مشابه

شکلی مشابه

رنگی مشابه

تجربه مشابه

نتایج مشابه

مدل مشابه

قیمت مشابه

نظرات مشابه

よく使うフレーズ

در شرایط مشابه

به طور مشابه

موارد مشابه دیگر

تجربه‌ای مشابه

نظری مشابه

راهکاری مشابه

الگوی مشابه

ساختار مشابه

عملکرد مشابه

موقعیتی مشابه

よく混同される語

مشابه vs شبیه (more informal)

مشابه vs یکسان (means identical)

مشابه vs همسان (means equivalent)

慣用句と表現

"مثل هم (informal equivalent)"

"یک کرباس (of the same cloth - similar nature)"

"سر و ته یک کرباس (idiom for people of the same bad sort)"

"هم‌پیاله (similar in habits/lifestyle)"

"هم‌قطار (similar in rank/status)"

"هم‌مسلک (similar in belief)"

"هم‌ریشه (similar in origin)"

"هم‌کاسه (similar in interests/sharing)"

"یک‌قبا (similar in poverty/status)"

"هم‌سنگ (similar in weight/value)"

間違えやすい

مشابه vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

Implies similarity in quality or form, but not necessarily identity.

formality

Higher register than 'shabih'.

よくある間違い

Do not use the preposition 'be' with 'moshābeh'; use the Ezafe.
'Yeksān' means identical. If there are differences, use 'moshābeh'.
The adjective must follow the noun in Persian.
'Moshābehat' is the noun (resemblance), 'moshābeh' is the adjective (similar).
In casual speech, 'shabih' is much more natural for people.

ヒント

Formal vs. Informal

Use 'moshābeh' in your writing and 'shabih' in your speaking to sound natural.

The Ezafe Rule

Always remember the Ezafe when comparing: 'مشابهِ [something]'.

Silent H

Don't pronounce the final 'h' strongly; it's a soft 'e' sound.

Indefinite 'i'

Add 'i' to make it 'a similar...': 'تجربه‌ای مشابه'.

News Reports

Look for this word in headlines to see how it links different events.

Transitioning

Use 'به طور مشابه' to connect two sentences with similar ideas.

Don't say 'Identical'

If things are exactly the same, use 'yeksān', not 'moshābeh'.

Building Rapport

Use 'moshābeh' to tell someone you understand their situation.

Radio Persian

Listen for 'moshābeh' in radio interviews about social trends.

Academic Tone

In university papers, 'moshābeh' is the standard word for comparison.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'More Shared Behavior' -> Mo-Sha-Beh.

語源

Arabic

文化的な背景

Used to express empathy by sharing 'similar' stories.

Used in literary criticism to discuss recurring motifs.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما هم تجربه مشابهی داشته‌اید؟"

"این دو فیلم به نظر شما مشابه هستند؟"

"کجا می‌توانم مدل مشابهی پیدا کنم؟"

"آیا در کشور شما هم قوانین مشابهی وجود دارد؟"

"چرا این دو نفر اینقدر رفتارهای مشابهی دارند؟"

日記のテーマ

دو چیزی را که در زندگی‌تان مشابه هستند توصیف کنید.

در مورد یک تجربه مشابه که با دوستتان داشتید بنویسید.

تفاوت‌ها و مشابهت‌های دو شهر مختلف را مقایسه کنید.

چرا مردم دوست دارند لباس‌های مشابه بپوشند؟

یک خاطره مشابه از دوران کودکی‌تان بنویسید.

よくある質問

10 問

'Moshābeh' is more formal and used in academic or professional contexts. 'Shabih' is common in everyday speech. Also, 'moshābeh' uses Ezafe for comparison, while 'shabih' often uses 'be'.

Yes, you can say 'آن‌ها قیافه‌های مشابهی دارند' (They have similar faces), but 'shabih' is more common when saying one person looks like another.

Yes, it originates from the Arabic root Sh-B-H, but it is fully integrated into Persian.

You say 'مشابهِ من' (moshābeh-e man).

The most common opposite is 'متفاوت' (motafāvet), meaning different.

In very formal or old Persian, it can mean 'peer' or 'match', but in modern Persian, it is almost always an adjective.

No, like most Persian adjectives, it remains the same regardless of whether the noun is singular or plural.

Yes, it is widely used and understood in all major dialects of Persian.

It means 'similar cases' or 'similar items' and is very common in formal documents.

You can say 'بسیار مشابه' or 'کاملاً مشابه'.

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