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B1 noun #3,000 よく出る 8分で読める

شکایت

shekaayat 上位3,000

練習する例文メモとヒント شکایت 30秒で

解説 شکایت in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'شکایت' (shekāyat) as a basic noun meaning a 'complaint.' While beginners don't need to know all the complex legal uses, they should understand it in the context of simple needs. For example, if a student is in a classroom and says 'Shekāyat dāram' (I have a complaint), they are expressing that something is wrong. At this stage, the focus is on the simple association: Shekāyat = Complaint. Learners might encounter it in very basic dialogues about shopping or restaurants where someone is unhappy. The grammar is kept simple: 'Shekāyat kardan' (to complain). A1 learners should focus on the 'az' preposition, even if they only use it in short sentences like 'Az ghazā shekāyat mikonam' (I complain about the food). It's a useful word for basic survival Persian to indicate dissatisfaction.

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At the A2 level, the learner's understanding of 'شکایت' expands to include more common social situations. They begin to see the word in short news snippets or simple stories. An A2 learner should be able to form sentences describing why they are complaining, such as 'Hamsāye az sar-o-sedā shekāyat kard' (The neighbor complained about the noise). They start to distinguish between 'having a complaint' (shekāyat dāshtan) as a state and 'making a complaint' (shekāyat kardan) as an action. They also begin to recognize the word in public notices, like 'Sandugh-e shekāyāt' (complaints box) found in banks or offices. The vocabulary surrounding the word starts to grow, including words like 'nārāzi' (dissatisfied). The learner is expected to use the word to navigate daily inconveniences effectively.

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At the B1 level, 'شکایت' becomes a tool for more detailed communication. The learner can now discuss the reasons for a complaint in a coherent paragraph. They understand that 'shekāyat' can be both a personal grumble and a formal process. B1 learners should be comfortable using the word in professional settings, such as writing a simple email to a company: 'Man mikhāham az khadamāt-e shomā shekāyat konam' (I want to complain about your services). They also start to encounter the word in more abstract contexts, such as complaining about life or fate in a conversation. At this level, the distinction between 'shekāyat' and 'eterāz' (protest) becomes important. The learner can participate in a discussion about customer rights or neighborhood issues using this word as a cornerstone of their vocabulary. They are also introduced to the person doing the complaining: the 'shāki.'

At the B2 level, the learner understands the legal and formal nuances of 'شکایت.' They can read news articles about court cases where 'shekāyat' is used to mean 'filing a lawsuit.' They are familiar with related terms like 'shekāyat-nāmeh' (formal written complaint) and 'shāki-ye khosusi' (private complainant). A B2 learner can use the word to express complex opinions, such as debating whether a complaint is 'movajjeh' (justified) or 'bi-asās' (baseless). They also begin to appreciate the word's presence in literature and more sophisticated media, recognizing its use in metaphors. The learner can handle a situation where they need to formally register a grievance with an authority figure, using the appropriate register and collocations like 'sabt-e shekāyat' (registering a complaint).

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At the C1 level, the learner masters the stylistic variations of 'شکایت.' They can distinguish between the dry, technical use of the word in a legal brief and its evocative use in a classical poem by Rumi. They understand the etymological roots and how they influence modern usage. A C1 learner can use 'shekāyat' in academic writing to discuss social grievances or historical protests. They are also adept at using synonyms like 'gelāye,' 'shekve,' and 'faryād' to add color and precision to their speech. They can follow complex legal arguments in Persian media where the details of a 'shekāyat' are dissected. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a concept they can manipulate to show irony, sarcasm, or deep emotional resonance in their writing and speaking.

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At the C2 level, the learner has a near-native command of 'شکایت.' They can engage in high-level legal or philosophical discourse where the concept of a 'complaint' is interrogated. They are familiar with archaic or highly specialized forms of the word used in ancient texts. A C2 speaker can write a sophisticated critique of a social system, using 'shekāyat' as a central theme, and can effortlessly switch between the most formal legal terminology and the most delicate poetic expressions. They understand the cultural baggage of the word—how 'shekāyat' reflects Iranian concepts of justice, patience, and the relationship between the individual and the state. They can interpret the subtle tone of a 'shekāyat' to know if it is a genuine legal threat, a social formality, or a desperate plea for help.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

شکایت 30秒で

Shekayat means 'complaint' and is used for both daily grumbles and legal actions.
It is usually paired with the verbs 'kardan' (to do) or 'dash-tan' (to have).
The preposition 'az' is essential when specifying what the complaint is about.
It has deep roots in Persian literature, often signifying a poetic lament.

The Persian word شکایت (Shekāyat) is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to 'complaint' in English. It is a word rooted in Arabic but deeply integrated into the Persian lexicon, carrying both everyday and legal connotations. At its simplest level, it describes the act of expressing dissatisfaction, resentment, or pain about a situation, a person, or a service. However, its usage spans a wide spectrum, from a child grumbling about their dinner to a formal legal filing in a high court of law. Understanding this word requires looking at the cultural context of Iranian society, where the expression of grievances can be a nuanced social dance. Iranians might use shekāyat to describe a literal legal action, but it is just as common to hear it in poetic or romantic contexts, where a lover 'complains' to the beloved or to fate about their suffering.

Everyday Dissatisfaction: In daily life, when a customer is unhappy with a product, they might say they have a شکایت. It is the standard term for customer service issues.
Legal Context: In the judiciary system, شکایت refers to a formal lawsuit or a criminal report filed by a plaintiff (shāki) against a defendant.

همسایه ما همیشه از سر و صدا شکایت می‌کند.
Our neighbor always complains about the noise.

Furthermore, the word often appears in classical Persian literature. Poets like Rumi or Hafez frequently use the concept of shekāyat to describe the soul's longing for its origin or the lover's grievance against the cruelty of the world. This gives the word a depth that goes beyond mere 'whining.' It can represent a profound existential protest. In modern psychological contexts, it might also refer to 'presenting symptoms' in a medical setting, where a patient describes their 'complaints' to a doctor. The versatility of shekāyat makes it an essential word for any intermediate learner, as it bridges the gap between basic emotional expression and complex legal or literary discourse. Whether you are dealing with a faulty internet connection in Tehran or reading a 13th-century poem, this word will be your constant companion.

Using شکایت (Shekāyat) correctly involves understanding its grammatical partners, primarily the light verbs kardan (to do) and dāshtan (to have). When you want to say 'to complain,' the most common construction is شکایت کردن (shekāyat kardan). This verb usually takes the preposition az (from/about). For example, 'I complain about the weather' becomes 'Man az havā shekāyat mikonam.' This structure is vital because using the wrong preposition can change the meaning or make the sentence sound unnatural. If you are describing a state of having a complaint, you use shekāyat dāshtan, which is slightly more formal and implies a pre-existing grievance ready to be voiced.

او از رفتار رئیسش شکایت داشت.
He had a complaint about his boss's behavior.

Formal Legal Usage: In legal documents, you will see tanzim-e shekāyat (drafting a complaint) or erāye-ye shekāyat (submitting a complaint). These are high-register terms used in courtrooms.

Another important aspect is the noun-adjective relationship. When a complaint is 'justified,' it is called shekāyat-e movajjeh. If it is 'baseless,' it is shekāyat-e bi-asās. Learners should also be aware of the word shāki, which is the person who complains (the complainant). In a sentence like 'Shāki az dādgāh khārej shod' (The complainant left the court), the connection to shekāyat is direct. In more poetic or dramatic Persian, you might encounter shekāyat bordan (to take a complaint), often used when taking a grievance to a higher authority or to God. For example, 'Shekāyat be khodā bordam' (I took my complaint to God). This variety of usage patterns ensures that shekāyat is not just a static noun but a dynamic part of the Persian sentence structure that can adapt to various levels of intensity and formality.

You will encounter شکایت in a multitude of real-world scenarios in any Persian-speaking environment. One of the most common places is in the service industry. If you are in a restaurant in Tehran or Mashhad and the service is poor, you might hear a customer say, 'Mikhāham shekāyat konam' (I want to complain). Similarly, on Iranian social media, users often use the hashtag #شکایت to air grievances about internet speeds, rising prices, or social issues. It is a word that resonates with the public's desire for accountability. In the news, shekāyat is a staple word in reports about international relations, legal disputes between companies, or high-profile criminal cases. For instance, 'Irān az Amrikā shekāyat kard' (Iran filed a complaint against the US) is a typical headline in political reporting.

اگر از خدمات ما راضی نیستید، می‌توانید شکایت خود را ثبت کنید.
If you are not satisfied with our services, you can register your complaint.

Beyond the formal and the practical, shekāyat is a recurring theme in Persian music and television dramas (series). In many 'pop' or traditional songs, the lyrics revolve around a shekāyat from the 'cruelty of the beloved' (jafā-ye yār). It’s not a legal complaint, but a sentimental one. In TV shows, especially those involving family disputes or legal battles, the word is used to drive the plot forward. You might hear a character shout, 'Miram shekāyat mikonam!' (I'm going to go and file a complaint/sue!) as a threat during an argument. This wide range of exposure—from the dry language of a lawyer to the emotional outpourings of a singer—makes shekāyat a key word for understanding the emotional and social landscape of the Persian-speaking world. It reflects a culture that values the expression of rights, even if those rights are expressed through the lens of poetic suffering or formal litigation.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using شکایت is using the wrong preposition. In English, we complain 'about' or 'of' something. In Persian, the preposition is almost exclusively az (from). Beginners often try to use darbāre-ye (about), which sounds clunky and unnatural in this context. For example, saying 'Man darbāre-ye ghazā shekāyat dāram' is understandable but technically 'off'; the correct way is 'Man az ghazā shekāyat dāram.' Another common error is confusing shekāyat (the noun) with shekve (a more literary, poetic word for complaining). While they are synonyms, using shekve in a legal or business context would be highly inappropriate and sound quite strange, almost like you are writing a poem to your bank manager.

Verb Confusion: Do not confuse 'shekāyat kardan' (to complain) with 'ghele kardan' (to grumble/nag). 'Ghele' is much more informal and usually reserved for friends and family.

Another nuance is the distinction between shekāyat and eterāz (protest/objection). While they overlap, eterāz is more about disagreeing with a decision or a policy, whereas shekāyat is about feeling wronged or harmed. If a student disagrees with a grade, they might eterāz; if they feel the teacher was abusive, they would shekāyat. Mixing these up can lead to misunderstandings regarding the severity of the situation. Lastly, pay attention to the pronunciation of the 'y' sound. It is /she-kā-yat/, not /she-kāt/. Dropping the 'ya' syllable is a common phonetic error for beginners. By avoiding these pitfalls—preposition errors, register mismatches, and confusion with 'eterāz'—you will be able to express your grievances in Persian with the precision and grace of a native speaker.

While شکایت is the most versatile word for 'complaint,' Persian offers a rich palette of alternatives depending on the context and the 'vibe' you want to convey. For instance, گلایه (Gelāye) is a wonderful word that translates closer to 'reproach' or 'gentle complaint.' It is what you use when a friend forgets your birthday; it’s not a legal matter, but a social one. On the other hand, اعتراض (Eterāz) is the word for 'protest' or 'objection.' It is more active and often used in political or administrative contexts. If you are protesting a law, you use eterāz, not shekāyat. Then there is شکوه (Shekve), which is highly literary and often used in poetry to describe a grand, existential lament against fate or the heavens.

Shekāyat vs. Gelāye: Shekāyat is formal or serious; Gelāye is informal and relates to personal feelings and expectations between friends.
Shekāyat vs. Eterāz: Shekāyat is about being a victim/wronged; Eterāz is about disagreeing with a rule or decision.

من هیچ گلایه‌ای از تو ندارم، فقط کمی دلگیرم.
I have no reproach for you, I'm just a bit sad.

In a legal setting, you might also hear دعوی (Da'vā), which means 'lawsuit' or 'claim.' While shekāyat is the act of complaining, da'vā is the legal case itself. For medical contexts, patients might use ناراحتی (Nārāhati) to describe their physical 'complaints' or discomforts. 'Nārāhati-ye ghalbi' means 'heart complaint/problem.' Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the exact right word for the situation. If you use shekāyat when you should have used gelāye, you might sound too harsh; if you use gelāye in a court of law, you won't be taken seriously. Mastering these distinctions is a hallmark of moving from a B1 to a B2/C1 level in Persian, as it shows you understand the social and formal hierarchies of the language.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In old Arabic, the root also relates to a small leather bag used for milk; some linguists suggest a metaphorical link between 'opening the bag' and 'opening one's heart' to complain.

発音ガイド

UK /ʃe.kɒː.ˈjæt/

US /ʃe.kɑː.ˈjæt/

The stress is typically on the final syllable: she-kā-YAT.

韻が合う語

حکایت (Hekāyat - Story) هدایت (Hedāyat - Guidance) حمایت (Hemāyat - Support) عنایت (Enāyat - Favor) کفایت (Kefāyat - Sufficiency) جنایت (Jenāyat - Crime) رعایت (Re'āyat - Observance) ولایت (Velāyat - Guardianship)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'she-kāt' (missing the 'ya' sound).
Using a hard 'a' like 'apple' for the second syllable instead of the long 'ā' as in 'father'.
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Mumbling the 't' at the end.
Confusing the 'sh' sound with 's'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root is known.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct spelling and knowledge of the 'az' preposition.

スピーキング 3/5

Commonly used, but needs practice with the 'yat' ending.

リスニング 3/5

Clearly audible in news and daily speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

ناراحت گفتن بد غذا همسایه

次に学ぶ

اعتراض دادگاه وکیل حقوق عدالت

上級

تظلم‌خواهی دادخواهی استیضاح شکوائیه اعاده حیثیت

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

شکایت + کردن = شکایت کردن (To complain)

Preposition 'Az'

من از (from/about) ترافیک شکایت دارم.

Arabic Plurals in Persian

شکایت (singular) -> شکایات (plural)

Ezafe Construction

شکایتِ من (My complaint)

Light Verb 'Dashtan' for states

او شکایت داشت (He had a complaint/was in a state of grievance).

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レベル別の例文

من شکایت دارم.

I have a complaint.

Simple subject + noun + verb 'have'.

او از غذا شکایت کرد.

He complained about the food.

Use of 'az' (from/about) with shekāyat kardan.

آیا شما شکایت دارید؟

Do you have a complaint?

Question form of shekāyat dāshtan.

ما شکایت نمی‌کنیم.

We do not complain.

Negative form of the compound verb.

شکایت او زیاد است.

His complaint is a lot (He complains a lot).

Noun used as a subject.

کجا می‌توانم شکایت کنم؟

Where can I complain?

Use of modal 'can' with shekāyat.

این یک شکایت است.

This is a complaint.

Demonstrative pronoun + noun + 'is'.

لطفاً شکایت نکنید.

Please do not complain.

Imperative negative form.

همسایه از صدای موسیقی شکایت کرد.

The neighbor complained about the music sound.

Specific object of complaint using 'az'.

من می‌خواهم یک شکایت بنویسم.

I want to write a complaint.

Infinitive 'to write' with shekāyat.

صندوق شکایت کجاست؟

Where is the complaint box?

Compound noun: Sandugh-e shekāyat.

او همیشه از همه چیز شکایت می‌کند.

He always complains about everything.

Adverb 'always' with present continuous action.

شکایت شما ثبت شد.

Your complaint was registered.

Passive construction with 'shodan'.

ما از کیفیت این کفش شکایت داریم.

We have a complaint about the quality of these shoes.

Possessive construction 'quality of...'

او به مدیر شکایت برد.

He took a complaint to the manager.

Idiomatic use of 'bordan' (to take).

هیچ کس شکایت نکرد.

No one complained.

Negative pronoun 'hich kas'.

اگر از سرویس راضی نیستید، شکایت کنید.

If you are not satisfied with the service, complain.

Conditional sentence (type 1).

او یک شکایت‌نامه رسمی برای شرکت فرستاد.

He sent a formal complaint letter to the company.

Compound noun: Shekāyat-nāmeh.

پلیس به شکایت آن‌ها رسیدگی کرد.

The police investigated their complaint.

Verb 'residegi kardan' (to investigate/handle).

شکایت او کاملاً موجه بود.

His complaint was completely justified.

Adjective 'movajjeh' (justified).

بسیاری از مشتریان از قیمت‌ها شکایت دارند.

Many customers have complaints about the prices.

Plural subject with plural verb.

او از درد کمر به دکتر شکایت کرد.

She complained to the doctor about back pain.

Medical context of the word.

نباید بدون دلیل شکایت کنیم.

We should not complain without a reason.

Modal 'should' (nabāyad).

شکایت او باعث تغییر قوانین شد.

Her complaint caused the rules to change.

Noun acting as a cause.

وکیل در حال تنظیم شکایت علیه شرکت است.

The lawyer is drafting a complaint against the company.

Present progressive with 'dar hāl-e'.

شکایت‌های بی‌آساس وقت دادگاه را می‌گیرد.

Baseless complaints take up the court's time.

Adjective 'bi-asās' (baseless).

او مدعی است که شکایتش نادیده گرفته شده است.

He claims that his complaint has been ignored.

Present perfect passive.

حق شکایت برای همه محفوظ است.

The right to complain is reserved for everyone.

Formal legal phrase 'hagh-e shekāyat'.

او از تبعیض در محل کار شکایت کرد.

He complained about discrimination in the workplace.

Abstract noun 'tab'iz' (discrimination).

پرونده شکایت او به دادگاه تجدیدنظر رفت.

His complaint case went to the appeals court.

Legal terminology 'dādgāh-e tajdid-e nazar'.

آن‌ها از نقض قرارداد شکایت دارند.

They have a complaint about the breach of contract.

Legal term 'naghz-e gharārdād'.

شکایت‌های مردمی باعث استعفای شهردار شد.

Public complaints led to the mayor's resignation.

Causal relationship in a formal context.

او در اشعارش از بی‌وفایی دنیا شکایت می‌کند.

In his poems, he complains about the world's infidelity.

Literary usage in poetry.

این شکایت جنبه حقوقی دارد و باید بررسی شود.

This complaint has a legal aspect and must be examined.

Phrase 'janbe-ye hoghughi' (legal aspect).

شکایت او از سر ناچاری بود، نه کینه‌توزی.

His complaint was out of desperation, not malice.

Contrastive structure 'az sar-e... na...'

دولت باید به شکایات شهروندان گوش فرا دهد.

The government must listen to the citizens' complaints.

Formal verb 'gush farā dādan' (to listen intently).

او شکایت خود را نزد مراجع ذی‌صلاح برد.

He took his complaint to the competent authorities.

Formal term 'marāje-e zi-salāh'.

شکایت از سرنوشت در ادبیات کلاسیک ما رایج است.

Complaining about fate is common in our classical literature.

Gerund-like use of the noun.

او با وجود شکایت‌های بسیار، به کارش ادامه داد.

Despite many complaints, he continued his work.

Prepositional phrase 'bā vojud-e' (despite).

این شکایت صرفاً برای وقت‌کشی مطرح شده است.

This complaint has been raised merely to waste time.

Adverb 'serfan' (merely) and 'vaght-koshi'.

شکایت او از ساختار قدرت، ریشه در تجربیات تلخ او داشت.

His complaint against the power structure was rooted in his bitter experiences.

Abstract and complex sentence structure.

در نی‌نامه، مولوی از جدایی‌ها شکایت می‌کند.

In the Ney-Nameh, Rumi complains about separations.

Reference to high literature.

شکایت مزبور به دلیل فقدان ادله کافی رد شد.

The aforementioned complaint was rejected due to lack of sufficient evidence.

Highly formal legal Persian.

او شکایت را به مثابه ابزاری برای احقاق حق می‌بیند.

He sees the complaint as a tool for the realization of rights.

Philosophical/Formal 'be masābe-ye' (as/like).

فلسفه شکایت در عرفان، با شکایت‌های دنیوی متفاوت است.

The philosophy of complaint in mysticism differs from worldly complaints.

Thematic comparison.

او با لحنی شکوه‌آمیز از بی‌عدالتی‌های زمانه شکایت کرد.

With a plaintive tone, he complained about the injustices of the era.

Adjective 'shekve-āmiz' (plaintive).

شکایت علیه این نهاد، تبعات سیاسی گسترده‌ای خواهد داشت.

A complaint against this institution will have extensive political consequences.

Future tense with complex consequences.

او در مقام شاکی، تمام جزئیات واقعه را شرح داد.

In his capacity as the complainant, he described all the details of the incident.

Formal phrase 'dar maghām-e' (in the position of).

よく使う組み合わせ

شکایت کردن از

شکایت داشتن

ثبت شکایت

رسیدگی به شکایت

شکایت رسمی

شکایت‌نامه

حق شکایت

شکایت کیفری

موضوع شکایت

صندوق شکایات

よく使うフレーズ

جای شکایتی نیست

— There is no room for complaint (everything is perfect).

غذا عالی بود، جای شکایتی نیست.

شکایت به کجا ببرم؟

— Where should I take my complaint? (Used when feeling helpless).

در این شهر، شکایت به کجا ببرم؟

شکایت از روزگار

— Complaining about fate or the times.

او همیشه در حال شکایت از روزگار است.

بدون هیچ شکایتی

— Without any complaint (patiently).

او تمام سختی‌ها را بدون هیچ شکایتی تحمل کرد.

مورد شکایت

— The subject of the complaint.

شخص مورد شکایت در دادگاه حاضر نشد.

شکایت بردن نزد کسی

— To take a complaint to someone (usually an authority).

او شکایتش را نزد پادشاه برد.

نامه شکایت

— A letter of complaint.

یک نامه شکایت به شهرداری نوشتم.

شکایت از درد

— Complaining of pain (medical).

بیمار از درد شدید در قفسه سینه شکایت داشت.

شکایت دسته‌جمعی

— A collective/class action complaint.

کارگران یک شکایت دسته‌جمعی علیه کارخانه ثبت کردند.

شکایت بی‌پایان

— Endless complaining.

خسته شدم از شکایت‌های بی‌پایان تو.

よく混同される語

شکایت vs حکایت (Hekāyat)

Hekāyat means 'story' or 'anecdote'. They sound similar but have completely different meanings.

شکایت vs حمایت (Hemāyat)

Hemāyat means 'support'. Be careful not to mix up the 'sh' and 'h' sounds.

شکایت vs هدایت (Hedāyat)

Hedāyat means 'guidance'. Only the rhyming ending is the same.

慣用句と表現

"شکایت به خدا بردن"

— To seek justice from God when earthly authorities fail.

مظلوم شکایت به خدا می‌برد.

Religious/Poetic

"گوش اگر گوش تو و ناله اگر ناله من"

— An idiom implying that no matter how much one complains, the listener doesn't care (derived from a poem).

هر چه بگویم فایده ندارد؛ گوش اگر گوش تو و ناله اگر ناله من.

Literary

"سنگ صبور شکایات"

— Someone who patiently listens to everyone's complaints.

مادرم سنگ صبور شکایات تمام فامیل است.

Informal

"دریای شکایت"

— A vast amount of complaints.

او با یک دریای شکایت به خانه آمد.

Metaphorical

"شکایت از خود به خود"

— Self-reproach or internal conflict.

گاهی انسان باید از خودش به خودش شکایت کند.

Philosophical

"مهر سکوت بر شکایت زدن"

— To stop complaining or to be silenced.

او بالاخره مهر سکوت بر شکایت‌هایش زد.

Literary

"شکایت را به کوه گفتن"

— To express a grievance to something that cannot respond (total loneliness).

آنقدر تنها بود که شکایتش را به کوه می‌گفت.

Poetic

"زبان به شکایت گشودن"

— To start complaining.

ناگهان زبان به شکایت گشود و از همه انتقاد کرد.

Formal

"شکایت چرخ فلک"

— Complaining about the turning of the wheel of fortune.

شاعران از شکایت چرخ فلک بسیار گفته‌اند.

Poetic

"شکایت به داور بردن"

— To take a dispute to an arbiter (often used in sports or metaphors).

بازیکنان شکایت را به داور بردند.

Neutral

間違えやすい

شکایت vs اعتراض (Eterāz)

Both involve dissatisfaction.

Eterāz is 'protest' (disagreeing with a rule); Shekayat is 'complaint' (feeling wronged).

او به قیمت اعتراض کرد و از فروشنده شکایت کرد.

شکایت vs گلایه (Gelaye)

Both mean complaining.

Gelaye is soft/personal; Shekayat is serious/formal.

از دوستم گلایه کردم اما از دزد شکایت کردم.

شکایت vs ناله (Nāle)

Both express pain.

Nāle is the sound/act of moaning; Shekayat is the verbal expression of the grievance.

بیمار ناله می‌کرد و از درد شکایت داشت.

شکایت vs شکوه (Shekve)

Synonyms.

Shekve is for poetry/literature; Shekayat is for daily/legal life.

شاعر از جدایی شکوه می‌کند.

شکایت vs دعوا (Da'vā)

Both involve disputes.

Da'vā is a fight or a lawsuit; Shekayat is the complaint that might start it.

شکایت او منجر به یک دعوای حقوقی شد.

文型パターン

من از [Noun] شکایت دارم.

من از غذا شکایت دارم.

[Person] از [Noun] شکایت کرد.

علی از سر و صدا شکایت کرد.

اگر [Condition]، می‌توانید شکایت کنید.

اگر راضی نیستید، می‌توانید شکایت کنید.

شکایت علیه [Entity] در حال بررسی است.

شکایت علیه بانک در حال بررسی است.

با وجود [Noun]، او از شکایت خود صرف‌نظر نکرد.

با وجود تهدیدها، او از شکایت خود صرف‌نظر نکرد.

شکایت به مثابه [Concept] تلقی می‌شود.

شکایت به مثابه اعتراضی مدنی تلقی می‌شود.

موضوع شکایت [Noun] است.

موضوع شکایت کیفیت محصول است.

کجا می‌توانم از [Noun] شکایت کنم؟

کجا می‌توانم از راننده شکایت کنم؟

語族

名詞

شکایت (Complaint)

شاکی (Complainant)

مشتکی‌عنه (Defendant/Accused)

شکایت‌نامه (Complaint letter)

動詞

شکایت کردن (To complain)

شکایت داشتن (To have a complaint)

形容詞

شکوه‌آمیز (Plaintive)

شاکی (Complaining/Plaintiff)

使い方

frequency

Extremely common in both spoken and written Persian.

よくある間違い

Man darbāre-ye ghazā shekāyat mikonam. → Man az ghazā shekāyat mikonam.
Using 'darbāre-ye' (about) is an English-influenced error. Persian uses 'az'.
Shekāt (Pronunciation) → Shekāyat
Dropping the 'ya' syllable makes the word unrecognizable or sounding like 'shekat' (defeat).
Using shekāyat for every disagreement. → Use eterāz for rules/decisions.
Shekāyat implies you are a victim of a wrong; eterāz implies you disagree.
Shekāyat sāktan (Making a complaint) → Shekāyat kardan / Tanzim-e shekāyat
Persian doesn't 'make' complaints with the verb 'sākhtan'.
Confusing shāki with shekāyat. → Shāki is the person; shekāyat is the act.
Don't say 'I am a shekāyat'; say 'I have a shekāyat' or 'I am the shāki'.

ヒント

Master the Preposition

Always remember that Persian 'complains FROM' something, not 'about' it. Use 'az'.

Poetic Complaints

If you read Persian poetry, look for 'shekayat'. It’s often about the soul's journey.

Official Use

In Iran, if you need to go to the police, you say 'Mikhāham shekāyat konam'.

Softening the Blow

With friends, use 'gelāye' to avoid sounding like you are filing a lawsuit against them.

Word Family

Learn 'shāki' alongside 'shekāyat' to understand news reports about trials.

Pronunciation

Make sure to pronounce the 'y' clearly; it's three syllables: she-kā-yat.

Formal Letters

Start a complaint letter with 'Ba salām, be estahlā'e mi-resānam ke...' then state your shekāyat.

TV Dramas

Watch Iranian soaps; 'shekāyat' is a very common plot point in family disputes.

Arabic Roots

Knowing the root 'sh-k-y' helps you recognize related words in other Islamic languages.

CEFR B1

At this level, focus on using 'shekāyat' to describe service issues in a restaurant or shop.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Shake-at'. When you are unhappy, you 'shake' your fist 'at' someone while making a 'Shekayat'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a formal letter with a big red '!' on it sitting in a wooden box labeled 'Sandugh-e Shekayat'.

Word Web

Lawsuit Customer Service Poetry Unhappy Neighbor Noise Judge Letter

チャレンジ

Try to write three things you would complain about (shekayat kardan) if you were at a bad hotel, using the word in each sentence.

語源

Borrowed from the Arabic root 'sh-k-y' (ش ك ي), which relates to complaining, suffering, or showing pain. It entered Persian early in the Islamic period and became a core part of the language.

元の意味： To complain, to lament, or to show one's grief.

Semitic (root) / Indo-European (Persian context).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'shekayat' with elders; it can sometimes sound disrespectful if not phrased formally. Use 'gelāye' for softer social grievances.

In English, 'complaint' is often associated with customer service. In Persian, it has a much stronger legal and poetic weight.

Rumi's Masnavi starts with the 'Song of the Reed' (Nay-Nameh), which is a 'shekayat' of the soul. The Iranian Consumer Rights Organization uses 'shekayat' as its primary term for filing reports. Famous pop songs by Googoosh or Dariush often feature the word.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At a Restaurant

غذا سرد است، شکایت دارم.
می‌خواهم با مدیر صحبت کنم و شکایت کنم.
سرویس‌دهی ضعیف است.
این شکایت را جدی بگیرید.

In Court

شکایت خود را ثبت کردم.
وکیل من شکایت‌نامه را نوشت.
شاکی در دادگاه حاضر شد.
شکایت علیه شرکت است.

With Neighbors

از سر و صدای شما شکایت دارم.
همسایه‌ها شکایت می‌کنند.
لطفاً رعایت کنید تا شکایت نکنم.
شکایت به مدیر ساختمان.

Customer Service

فرم شکایت کجاست؟
چگونه می‌توانم شکایت کنم؟
شماره پیگیری شکایت من چند است؟
شکایت من به نتیجه نرسید.

Personal Relationships

من هیچ شکایتی از تو ندارم.
چرا همیشه شکایت می‌کنی؟
این فقط یک گلایه است، نه شکایت.
شکایت‌های تو خسته‌کننده است.

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال از شرکتی شکایت کرده‌اید؟ (Have you ever complained about a company?)"

"به نظر شما بهترین راه برای ثبت شکایت چیست؟ (What is the best way to register a complaint?)"

"در کشور شما، مردم بیشتر از چه چیزی شکایت می‌کنند؟ (In your country, what do people complain about most?)"

"آیا از همسایه‌های خود شکایتی دارید؟ (Do you have any complaints about your neighbors?)"

"وقتی از خدماتی راضی نیستید، شکایت می‌کنید یا سکوت؟ (When unsatisfied with a service, do you complain or stay silent?)"

日記のテーマ

امروز از چه چیزی شکایت داشتید؟ بنویسید. (What did you have a complaint about today? Write it.)

یک نامه شکایت فرضی به یک هتل بنویسید. (Write an imaginary complaint letter to a hotel.)

تفاوت بین شکایت و اعتراض را از نظر خودتان توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between complaint and protest in your view.)

آیا شکایت کردن می‌تواند باعث بهبود جامعه شود؟ (Can complaining lead to the improvement of society?)

در مورد زمانی بنویسید که کسی از شما شکایت کرد. (Write about a time someone complained about you.)

よくある質問

10 問

No. While it is the word for a legal complaint, it is used daily for any kind of dissatisfaction, like complaining about the weather or food.

'Shekayat kardan' is the action of voicing the complaint, while 'shekayat dashtan' describes the state of having a grievance.

Yes, it is of Arabic origin (root sh-k-y), but it is fully integrated into Persian and used in all registers.

It is 'sandugh-e shekayat' (صندوق شکایت) or 'sandugh-e shekayat-ha' (صندوق شکایات).

It's better to use 'eterāz' (اعتراض) for protests against rules or political decisions.

In a formal or legal context, they are called 'shāki' (شاکی).

Yes, very often. It refers to the lover's complaint about the beloved's cruelty or the soul's complaint about the world.

The preposition 'az' (از) is almost always used to indicate what you are complaining about.

You can say 'Man hich shekayati nadaram' (من هیچ شکایتی ندارم).

It is a neutral word that can be used in both very formal (legal) and informal (daily) contexts.

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