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B1 noun 11分で読める

talous

例文 talous 30秒で
解説 talous in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'talous' in very simple contexts, usually as part of 'kotitalous' (household) or in the context of school subjects. You might hear it when talking about where you live or what you study. For example, 'Minun talous' (My household/finances) is a basic way to talk about your money. At this stage, focus on the nominative form 'talous' and understand that it is related to the word 'talo' (house). You don't need to worry about complex economic theories yet. Just remember that it means 'economy' or 'household' and that it's a noun. You might see it in a grocery store or on a bank website. If you see 'talouspaperi', it means kitchen roll (literally 'household paper'), which is a very common A1-level word to encounter in daily life. Most A1 learners will encounter 'talous' through compound words rather than as a standalone concept. It is enough to recognize the word and its basic connection to money and home management. You should also be aware that Finnish people value a 'vakaa talous' (stable economy), which is a phrase you might hear even in basic news broadcasts for language learners.
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'talous' in more varied sentences. You should be able to talk about your personal 'kotitalous' (household) and understand basic news headlines about the 'Suomen talous' (Finnish economy). You will begin to see the word inflected, specifically in the genitive 'talouden' and partitive 'taloutta'. For example, 'Hän hoitaa taloutta' (He manages the finances). You should also learn common compound words like 'talousarvio' (budget) and 'talouskasvu' (economic growth). At A2, you can use the word to describe simple financial situations, such as saying your household's finances are good or bad. You might also encounter the adjective 'taloudellinen' (economical/financial) in simple descriptions of cars or appliances. Understanding the difference between 'raha' (money) and 'talous' (economy/finance) becomes more important at this level. You can use 'talous' to discuss your studies or work in a basic way, for instance, 'Työskentelen talousosastolla' (I work in the finance department). This level is about moving from simple recognition to active use in predictable, everyday situations involving money and management.
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At the B1 level, you should have a solid grasp of 'talous' in both personal and professional contexts. You can follow news reports about the national economy and understand the main points of a discussion about 'talouspolitiikka' (economic policy). You are familiar with the inflection pattern where 's' changes to 'kse' and the 't' softens to 'd' (talous -> talouden). You can use 'talous' to express opinions on financial matters, such as the importance of a 'kestävä talous' (sustainable economy). You also understand more nuanced compound words like 'kiertotalous' (circular economy) and 'markkinatalous' (market economy). At this stage, you should be able to explain the financial situation of your own household or company using appropriate vocabulary. You can distinguish between 'valtiontalous' (state finances) and 'yksityistalous' (private finances). In your writing, you can use 'talous' as a subject that performs actions, like 'talous elpyy' (the economy is recovering). You are also comfortable using the word in its more metaphorical sense, such as 'aikatalous' (time management/economy), though this is less common. B1 is the level where 'talous' becomes a tool for discussing societal issues, not just personal ones.
At the B2 level, you use 'talous' with precision and can engage in detailed discussions about economic trends. You understand the nuances between 'kansantalous', 'liiketalous', and 'taloustiede'. You can use the word in formal reports, academic essays, or professional presentations. You are comfortable with complex grammatical structures involving 'talous', such as 'talouden tasapainottaminen' (balancing the economy). You can discuss the impacts of 'talouskriisi' (economic crisis) on different sectors of society. At this level, you also recognize and can use idioms or more advanced collocations, like 'talous on vaakalaudalla' (the economy is at risk). You understand the historical and cultural weight of the word in Finland, particularly its roots in the agrarian 'talo' system. You can switch between the 'household' and 'macroeconomic' meanings of the word seamlessly depending on the context. Your vocabulary includes related terms like 'taloussuhdanne' (economic cycle) and 'talousnäkymät' (economic outlook). B2 speakers can read the 'Talous' section of a major newspaper like Helsingin Sanomat without needing a dictionary for the main concepts.
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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'talous' is near-native. You can appreciate the subtle differences in tone when a politician uses 'talous' versus 'rahoitus'. You can follow high-level academic lectures on 'talousteoria' (economic theory) and participate in debates about the 'globaali talousjärjestelmä' (global economic system). You are proficient in using the word in all its inflected forms and in complex compound structures. You can use 'talous' in sophisticated metaphors and understand its use in legal or highly technical financial documents. You are aware of the stylistic differences between using the noun 'talous' and the adjective 'taloudellinen' or the adverb 'taloudellisesti'. You can analyze the 'talousvaikutukset' (economic impacts) of a proposed law or social change. At this level, 'talous' is not just a word but a conceptual framework that you can manipulate to express complex ideas about society, history, and the future. You can also identify the register of the word in different texts, from the informal 'oman talouden hoito' to the highly formal 'valtioneuvoston talouspoliittinen ministerivaliokunta'.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over the word 'talous' and its extensive family of related terms. You can use it with the same nuance and cultural depth as a highly educated native speaker. You understand the etymological journey of the word from the 19th-century 'taloudenhoito' to modern 'digitalous' (digital economy). You can write professional-grade economic analyses or literary pieces where 'talous' is used as a central theme or metaphor. You are familiar with rare or archaic uses of the word in historical texts. You can navigate the most complex bureaucratic and legal language surrounding 'talousarvioaloite' (budget motion) or 'talousrikollisuus' (economic crime). At this level, you can also play with the word, using it in puns or creative writing. You have a deep understanding of how 'talous' interacts with other core Finnish concepts like 'yhteiskunta' (society) and 'itsenäisyys' (independence). Your command of the word allows you to use it in any context, from a casual chat about 'talouspaperi' to a doctoral defense on 'makrotaloustiede'. You are essentially an expert in the linguistic and conceptual life of the word.
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例文

talous 30秒で

  • Talous means economy or household finances.
  • It comes from 'talo' (house) and relates to resource management.
  • Used for both big systems (Finland's economy) and small ones (your budget).
  • Inflects with the stem 'taloute-' and changes 's' to 'kse'.

The Finnish word talous is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to 'economy' or 'household.' At its core, it stems from the word talo (house), reflecting the historical reality that all economic activity began within the management of a home. In modern Finnish, it encompasses everything from the global financial system to your personal monthly budget. Understanding talous is essential for navigating news, business, and daily life in Finland, as it appears in contexts ranging from high-level political debates to simple conversations about grocery shopping.

National and Global Economy
When you hear news about the 'Suomen talous' (Finnish economy), it refers to the macroeconomic state of the country, including GDP, employment rates, and industrial output. It is the collective system of production and consumption.
Household and Personal Finance
In a more intimate setting, talous refers to a 'kotitalous' (household). It describes the financial unit of people living together. For example, 'meidän talous' means 'our household' or 'our family's finances.'
Financial Management
It can also refer to the act of managing resources. 'Taloudenhoito' is the management of finances, whether for a company, a government, or a private individual.

Suomen talous on kasvanut tänä vuonna odotettua nopeammin, mikä on hyvä uutinen työllisyydelle.

Translation: The Finnish economy has grown faster than expected this year, which is good news for employment.

The word is incredibly versatile because it bridges the gap between the abstract and the concrete. In academic circles, taloustiede (economics) is the study of these systems. In a grocery store, you might think about your ruokatalous (food budget/management). This duality is key to mastering the word: it is both the giant machine of world trade and the small coins in your pocket.

Meidän talous on tiukilla juuri nyt korkojen nousun takia.

Translation: Our household finances are tight right now because of the rise in interest rates.

Historically, the word reflects the agrarian roots of Finland. A 'talo' was a farm, and managing the 'talous' meant ensuring the farm produced enough food to survive the winter. This sense of resourcefulness and survival still colors the word today. When a Finn talks about 'taloudellisuus' (economicalness/efficiency), they are often praising the ability to get the most out of very little. This is a core value in Finnish culture, often linked to the concept of sisu and practicality.

Hän on opiskellut taloutta yliopistossa viisi vuotta.

Translation: He has studied economics at the university for five years.

In business contexts, talous is often part of compound words. A talouspäällikkö is a financial manager or CFO. A talousarvio is a budget (literally a 'finance estimate'). By learning this one root word, you unlock dozens of professional terms that are used daily in Finnish offices and boardrooms.

Maailman talous on murroksessa teknologian kehityksen myötä.

Translation: The world economy is in transition along with technological development.

Using talous correctly requires understanding its role as both a subject and an object, as well as its common inflections. Because it covers both personal and national scales, the context usually dictates which meaning is intended. Here, we explore the different grammatical structures and common pairings that will make your Finnish sound more natural.

As a Subject
When talous is the subject, it often performs actions like growing, shrinking, or recovering. For example: 'Talous kasvaa' (The economy is growing) or 'Talous sakkaa' (The economy is stalling).
As an Object
When you are managing or discussing it, it becomes the object. 'Me hoidamme taloutta' (We manage the finances). Note the partitive case 'taloutta' for ongoing action.
In the Genitive Case (Possession)
The genitive form is 'talouden'. This is used to describe things belonging to the economy or household. 'Talouden näkymät' (Economic outlooks) or 'Talouden perusteet' (Basics of economy).

On tärkeää pitää huolta omasta taloudestaan.

Translation: It is important to take care of one's own finances.

One of the most frequent uses of talous is in the compound word kotitalous. While talous on its own can mean household, kotitalous is the specific term used in statistics, news, and school subjects (Home Economics). If you are talking about your living situation, you might say: 'Asun yhden hengen taloudessa' (I live in a one-person household).

Miten globaali talous vaikuttaa tavalliseen kuluttajaan?

Translation: How does the global economy affect the average consumer?

In formal Finnish, you will often see talous combined with verbs like tasapainottaa (to balance). The government often discusses 'talouden tasapainottaminen' (balancing the economy/budget). This usually refers to cutting spending or increasing taxes to reduce debt.

Yrityksen talous on vakaalla pohjalla.

Translation: The company's finances are on a stable footing.

Adjectives frequently paired with talous include kestävä (sustainable), vahva (strong), heikko (weak), and vakaa (stable). 'Kestävä talous' is a very common phrase in modern political discourse, referring to an economy that respects environmental limits.

He keskustelivat talouden tilasta pitkään.

Translation: They discussed the state of the economy for a long time.

Finally, remember the difference between talous and raha (money). Raha is the physical or digital currency, while talous is the system and management of that money. You spend rahaa, but you manage your taloutta.

Kiertotalous on tulevaisuuden suunta taloudessa.

Translation: Circular economy is the future direction in the economy.

The word talous is inescapable in Finnish society. It is the backbone of news reporting, the subject of academic study, and a common topic in domestic life. Knowing where you will encounter it helps you prepare for the specific vocabulary that often surrounds it in those environments.

The Evening News (Uutiset)
Every news broadcast has a 'talousuutiset' (economic news) section. Here, you'll hear about stock markets, government budgets, and inflation. Phrases like 'talouskasvu kiihtyy' (economic growth is accelerating) are common.
Workplaces and Business Meetings
In a Finnish office, the 'talousosasto' is the finance department. You might hear colleagues talking about 'talousarvio' (budget) or 'taloushallinto' (financial administration).
Education and Schools
Students in Finland take 'kotitalous' (Home Economics) classes where they learn to cook and manage a household budget. At the university level, 'taloustiede' (economics) is a major field of study.

Seuraavaksi vuorossa ovat päivän talousuutiset.

Translation: Next up are the day's economic news.

You will also hear it in political debates. Politicians often use talous as a justification for various policies. 'Vastuullinen talouspolitiikka' (responsible economic policy) is a phrase used by almost every party, though they disagree on what it means. In this context, talous is often linked to the 'hyvinvointivaltio' (welfare state), as a strong economy is needed to fund social services.

Meidän talousosasto sijaitsee kolmannessa kerroksessa.

Translation: Our finance department is located on the third floor.

In the digital world, banking apps in Finland often have a 'talouden seuranta' (finance tracking) feature. This helps users categorize their spending. You might also see 'talousvinkit' (financial tips) in magazines or blogs, offering advice on how to save money on electricity or groceries.

Koulussa kotitalouden tunneilla opitaan tekemään ruokaa.

Translation: In school, in home economics classes, one learns how to cook.

Finally, talous appears in environmental contexts. 'Kiertotalous' (circular economy) and 'biotalous' (bioeconomy) are buzzwords in Finnish industry as the country seeks to lead in sustainable technologies. If you work in tech or forestry, you will hear these terms constantly.

Hallitus valmistelee uutta talousarviota.

Translation: The government is preparing a new budget.

While talous is a common word, its multiple meanings and specific inflection pattern can lead to errors for English speakers. Avoiding these common pitfalls will help you communicate more clearly and professionally.

Confusing 'Talous' with 'Talo'
Since talous comes from talo, learners sometimes use it to mean the physical building. Remember: talo is the house you live in; talous is the financial system or the people/finances within it.
Incorrect Inflection Stem
A common mistake is forgetting that the 's' changes to 'kse' in most cases. Learners might say 'talousen' instead of the correct talouden or 'talousia' instead of talouksia.
Using 'Talous' when 'Raha' is meant
If you want to say 'I have no money,' don't say 'Minulla ei ole taloutta.' That sounds like you don't have an economy. Say 'Minulla ei ole rahaa.'

❌ Väärin: Meidän talous on punainen tiilitalo.

✅ Oikein: Meidän talomme on punainen tiilitalo.

Explanation: Use 'talo' for the physical building, not 'talous'.

Another nuance is the difference between talous and budjetti. While they are often interchangeable in casual speech, budjetti is specifically the plan for income and expenses, while talous is the entire financial state. If you are talking about a specific document or spreadsheet, budjetti or talousarvio is better.

❌ Väärin: Opiskelen talousen perusteita.

✅ Oikein: Opiskelen talouden perusteita.

Explanation: The genitive of 'talous' is 'talouden', not 'talousen'.

Be careful with the word taloudellinen. It can mean 'economic' (related to the economy) but also 'economical' (saving money). Context usually makes it clear, but if you want to say someone is thrifty, you might also use säästäväinen to avoid ambiguity.

❌ Väärin: Tämä auto on hyvin talous.

✅ Oikein: Tämä auto on hyvin taloudellinen.

Explanation: Use the adjective 'taloudellinen' (economical) to describe a car's fuel efficiency, not the noun 'talous'.

Finally, remember that talous is a countable noun when referring to households. 'Kaksi taloutta' (two households). However, when referring to 'the economy' in a general sense, it is often used in the singular. Mixing these up can make your sentence sound like you are talking about two different national economies instead of two families.

Finnish has several words that overlap with talous. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about money, a budget, a household, or the science of economics. Here is a breakdown of the most common alternatives and how they differ.

Kotitalous vs. Talous
Kotitalous is specifically a 'household.' While talous can mean the same thing, kotitalous is more precise and often used in formal or educational contexts. Use talous for the broader economy and kotitalous for your home life.
Rahoitus vs. Talous
Rahoitus means 'finance' or 'funding.' It refers specifically to the provision of funds for a project or business. Talous is the broader state or management of resources. You might seek rahoitus to improve your company's talous.
Varallisuus vs. Talous
Varallisuus means 'wealth' or 'assets.' It is a measure of what you own (property, stocks, cash). Talous includes your wealth but also your income, spending, and overall financial management.

Meidän kotitaloudessamme kierrätetään kaikki jätteet.

Translation: In our household, all waste is recycled.

If you are specifically talking about the study of economics, the word is taloustiede. If you are talking about a specific person's ability to save money, you might use säästäväisyys (thriftiness). For a business's internal accounting, laskentatoimi is the technical term.

Hän sai rahoitusta uudelle yritykselleen.

Translation: He received funding for his new company.

In a political context, you might hear valtiontalous (state economy) versus kansantalous (national economy). Valtiontalous specifically refers to the government's own finances (taxes and spending), while kansantalous refers to the whole country's economic activity, including private companies and individuals.

Suomen kansantalous on vahvasti riippuvainen viennistä.

Translation: The Finnish national economy is heavily dependent on exports.

Understanding these distinctions will help you read Finnish newspapers with much greater clarity. While 'economy' is a good blanket translation for talous, the specific Finnish terms allow for a level of precision that is very important in professional and academic writing.

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レベル別の例文

1

Talous on tärkeä asia.

Economy/Finance is an important thing.

Basic subject-verb-complement structure.

2

Minulla on pieni talous.

I have a small household/budget.

Uses the 'minulla on' (I have) structure.

3

Missä on talouspaperi?

Where is the kitchen roll?

Compound word 'talous' + 'paperi'.

4

Opiskelen kotitaloutta.

I study home economics.

Partitive case 'kotitaloutta' as an object of study.

5

Talous on hyvä.

The economy/finance is good.

Simple nominative case.

6

Meidän talous asuu täällä.

Our household lives here.

Using 'talous' to mean the people in a household.

7

Talous on vaikea sana.

Economy is a difficult word.

Descriptive sentence.

8

Osta talouspaperia kaupasta.

Buy some kitchen roll from the store.

Partitive 'talouspaperia' used for an indefinite amount.

1

Suomen talous kasvaa nyt.

The Finnish economy is growing now.

Present tense 'kasvaa'.

2

Hän työskentelee talousosastolla.

She works in the finance department.

Adessive case '-lla' for location.

3

Meidän täytyy säästää taloudessa.

We must save in the household/economy.

Inessive case 'taloudessa'.

4

Talousarvio on valmis.

The budget is ready.

Compound word 'talous' + 'arvio' (estimate).

5

Miten sinun taloutesi voi?

How is your finance/household doing?

Possessive suffix '-si' added to the stem 'taloute-'.

6

Luen talousuutisia joka päivä.

I read economic news every day.

Partitive plural 'talousuutisia'.

7

Tämä on taloudellinen auto.

This is an economical car.

Adjective 'taloudellinen' derived from 'talous'.

8

Hän ymmärtää taloutta hyvin.

He understands finance/economy well.

Partitive 'taloutta' as the object of 'ymmärtää'.

1

Hallitus keskustelee talouden tilasta.

The government is discussing the state of the economy.

Genitive 'talouden' showing possession.

2

Kiertotalous on tärkeä osa kestävää kehitystä.

Circular economy is an important part of sustainable development.

Compound word 'kierto' (circle) + 'talous'.

3

Yrityksen talous on vakaalla pohjalla.

The company's finances are on a stable footing.

Genitive 'yrityksen' and 'talous' as subject.

4

Meidän on parannettava talouttamme.

We must improve our finances/economy.

Necessive structure 'meidän on' + passive-style verb.

5

Talouskriisi vaikutti moniin ihmisiin.

The economic crisis affected many people.

Compound 'talous' + 'kriisi'.

6

Hän on kiinnostunut maailman taloudesta.

He is interested in the world economy.

Elative case '-sta' used with 'kiinnostunut'.

7

Taloudenhoitaja maksaa laskut.

The treasurer/housekeeper pays the bills.

Agent noun 'taloudenhoitaja'.

8

Talouskasvu on hidastunut tänä vuonna.

Economic growth has slowed down this year.

Perfect tense 'on hidastunut'.

1

Markkinatalous perustuu kysyntään ja tarjontaan.

Market economy is based on demand and supply.

Technical compound word.

2

Taloudellinen riippumattomuus on monen tavoite.

Financial independence is a goal for many.

Adjective 'taloudellinen' used abstractly.

3

Valtiontalouden alijäämä on kasvanut.

The state budget deficit has grown.

Double genitive 'valtion' + 'talouden'.

4

Talouspolitiikka herättää paljon intohimoja.

Economic policy arouses a lot of passion.

Subject 'talouspolitiikka'.

5

Hän suoritti tutkinnon taloustieteessä.

He completed a degree in economics.

Inessive case 'taloustieteessä' (the field of science).

6

Globaali talous on tiiviisti kytkeytynyt toisiinsa.

The global economy is closely interconnected.

Passive past participle 'kytkeytynyt'.

7

Yritys joutui taloudellisiin vaikeuksiin.

The company fell into financial difficulties.

Illative plural 'vaikeuksiin' with adjective.

8

Talousnäkymät ovat muuttuneet epävarmoiksi.

Economic outlooks have become uncertain.

Translative case '-ksi' for a change of state.

1

Talouden ylikuumeneminen voi johtaa inflaatioon.

Overheating of the economy can lead to inflation.

Verbal noun 'ylikuumeneminen' (overheating).

2

Hän analysoi taloussuhdanteiden vaihteluita.

He analyzes the fluctuations of economic cycles.

Genitive plural 'taloussuhdanteiden'.

3

Biotalous tarjoaa ratkaisuja ilmastonmuutokseen.

Bioeconomy offers solutions to climate change.

Specialized compound word.

4

Talousrikollisuus on vakava yhteiskunnallinen ongelma.

Economic crime is a serious societal problem.

Compound word 'talous' + 'rikollisuus'.

5

Eri maiden talousjärjestelmät eroavat toisistaan.

The economic systems of different countries differ from each other.

Plural subject 'talousjärjestelmät'.

6

Hän on perehtynyt makrotaloustieteen perusteisiin.

He is well-versed in the basics of macroeconomics.

Illative case plural 'perusteisiin'.

7

Talouden tasapainottaminen vaatii vaikeita päätöksiä.

Balancing the economy requires difficult decisions.

Object 'talouden' of the verbal noun 'tasapainottaminen'.

8

Infrastruktuuri on talouskasvun edellytys.

Infrastructure is a prerequisite for economic growth.

Genitive 'talouskasvun' modifying 'edellytys'.

1

Talouden liberalisointi herätti laajaa vastustusta.

The liberalization of the economy sparked widespread opposition.

Formal abstract noun 'liberalisointi'.

2

Hän tarkasteli taloushistoriaa pitkällä aikavälillä.

He examined economic history over the long term.

Compound 'talous' + 'historia'.

3

Taloudellinen hegemonia on siirtymässä idän suuntaan.

Economic hegemony is shifting towards the East.

Advanced vocabulary 'hegemonia'.

4

Talousarvioesitys sisältää useita veromuutoksia.

The budget proposal contains several tax changes.

Complex compound 'talous' + 'arvio' + 'esitys'.

5

Hän on kirjoittanut teoksen talousteorian kehityksestä.

He has written a work on the development of economic theory.

Elative case '-sta' for the topic.

6

Talouden rakennemuutos on välttämätön kilpailukyvylle.

Structural change of the economy is essential for competitiveness.

Compound 'rakenne' + 'muutos'.

7

Hän hallitsee talousoikeuden hienovaraiset vivahteet.

He masters the subtle nuances of economic law.

Compound 'talous' + 'oikeus'.

8

Talous on politiikan jatke toisin keinoin.

Economy is the continuation of politics by other means.

Philosophical/metaphorical usage.

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