B1 · 中級 チャプター 5

Getting Started with the Subjunctive

2 トータルルール
20 例文
7 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing emotions, wishes, and possibilities in French.

  • Conjugate regular -er verbs in the subjunctive mood.
  • Identify when to use the subjunctive after 'que'.
  • Apply the 'same subject' shortcut to avoid the subjunctive.
Unlock the emotional depth of French grammar.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to take a big step in your French journey? In this chapter, we're going to dive into one of the most interesting and useful parts of French grammar: the Subjunctive mood (Le Subjonctif). Don't worry, the name might sound a bit intimidating, but I promise it's much easier than you think! Here, you'll learn how to express your feelings, wishes, needs, and even doubts in French. Imagine wanting to say

I hope you succeed
or "It's necessary that you come." Often, we don't just state facts; we want to convey our personal opinions or emotions, right? That's exactly what the subjunctive is for! We'll start by understanding what it is and how to form it for common -er verbs. Then, we'll look at the specific phrases that typically trigger the subjunctive, especially after que. You'll also pick up a clever shortcut: if the same person is performing both actions, you can often use the infinitive to keep things simple, avoiding the subjunctive! And finally, you'll see how to set precise conditions in your French sentences using phrases like à condition que (provided that) or pourvu que (provided that). By the time you finish this chapter, you'll be able to beautifully articulate your desires and emotions in French, make more nuanced requests, and even set specific conditions in your conversations. Think about how much more natural and complete your French will sound! Ready for this exciting adventure? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular -er verbs in the present subjunctive and use them in sentences expressing necessity or desire.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Distinguish when to use the infinitive instead of the subjunctive to simplify your sentences.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, language explorers, to a pivotal moment in your French grammar B1 journey! This chapter is all about unlocking the power of the French Subjunctive (Le Subjonctif). Far from being an intimidating grammatical beast, the subjunctive is your key to expressing a much richer, more nuanced range of emotions, desires, and subjective statements in French.
At the B1 French level, mastering the subjunctive shows a significant step towards fluency, allowing you to move beyond simple factual statements to convey personal feelings and opinions.
Think about how often you say things like I hope that..., "It's important that..., or I doubt that...". These expressions don't state facts; they reflect your perspective, your wishes, or your assessment of a situation. That's precisely where the French Subjunctive shines!
It's the mood of subjectivity, uncertainty, and emotion, distinguishing itself from the more factual indicative mood.
By the end of this chapter, you'll not only understand *what* the subjunctive is but also *how* to use it effectively in everyday conversations. This skill will make your French sound much more natural, sophisticated, and authentically French, helping you communicate your true feelings and intentions with confidence. Get ready to elevate your French communication!

How This Grammar Works

Let's demystify the French Subjunctive and see how it works its magic. At its core, the subjunctive is a verb mood used to express opinions, emotions, desires, doubts, possibilities, and necessities. It generally appears in a dependent clause, introduced by que (that), and typically when the subject of the main clause is different from the subject of the dependent clause.
We start with French Subjunctive Basics: Feelings & Wishes. Phrases expressing emotion (je suis content que - I am happy that, j'ai peur que - I am afraid that) or desire (je souhaite que - I wish that, je veux que - I want that) are classic subjunctive triggers. For example: Je suis content que tu viennes (I am happy that you are coming).
Next, we delve into French Subjunctive: Expressing Needs & Feelings. Impersonal expressions that convey necessity or obligation are strong triggers. The most common is il faut que (it is necessary that).
Others include il est important que (it is important that) or il est essentiel que (it is essential that). For instance: Il faut que nous étudiions (It is necessary that we study).
Forming the subjunctive for regular -er verbs is quite straightforward, making them French Subjunctive: Must-know -er Verbs. To form the present subjunctive, you usually take the *ils/elles* form of the present indicative, drop the -ent, and add the subjunctive endings: -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent.
Let's take parler (to speak):
* que je parle (that I speak)
* que tu parles (that you speak)
* qu'il/elle/on parle (that he/she/one speaks)
* que nous parlions (that we speak)
* que vous parliez (that you speak)
* qu'ils/elles parlent (that they speak)
A fantastic French Grammar Shortcut: Same Subject Rule simplifies things. If the subject of the main clause and the dependent clause is the *same*, you can often avoid the subjunctive altogether and just use de + infinitive. For example, instead of Je veux que je parte (I want that I leave), you say Je veux partir (I want to leave).
This is a crucial tip for sounding natural and avoiding unnecessary complexity.
Finally, we explore French Conditionals: Provided that. Phrases like à condition que (provided that) and pourvu que (provided that) introduce a condition and always trigger the subjunctive. For example: Nous irons au concert à condition que tu achètes les billets (We will go to the concert provided that you buy the tickets).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: "J'espère que tu *viens*."
✓ Correct: "J'espère que tu viennes."
*Explanation:* While j'espère que (I hope that) often uses the indicative in casual speech, grammatically it expresses a hope or desire, which traditionally triggers the subjunctive. It's a common trap because espérer implies a certain level of belief. For B1 French grammar, it's best to stick to the subjunctive after expressions of hope, especially in formal contexts, or after most other verbs of desire/emotion.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Il faut que *nous allons* au supermarché.
✓ Correct:
Il faut que nous allions au supermarché.
*Explanation:* The verb aller (to go) is irregular in the subjunctive. Many learners incorrectly apply the regular -er verb endings. Remember that aller in the subjunctive is que j'aille, que tu ailles, qu'il/elle/on aille, que nous allions, que vous alliez, qu'ils/elles aillent. Always double-check irregular verbs!
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Je préfère que *je finis* le travail tout seul.
✓ Correct:
Je préfère finir le travail tout seul.
*Explanation:* This is where the French Grammar Shortcut: Same Subject Rule comes in handy. Since the subject of préférer (I) is the same as the subject of finir (I), you should use the infinitive structure (de + infinitive, or just infinitive if no preposition is needed) instead of the subjunctive. It's more concise and grammatically correct.

Real Conversations

A

A

J'ai peur que nous soyons en retard. (I'm afraid that we are late.)
B

B

Il est important que tu conduises prudemment, même si nous sommes pressés. (It's important that you drive carefully, even if we are in a hurry.)
A

A

Je souhaite que tu réussisses à ton examen! (I wish that you succeed in your exam!)
B

B

Merci! Je vais étudier beaucoup, à condition que je ne sois pas trop fatigué. (Thanks! I'm going to study a lot, provided that I'm not too tired.)
A

A

Il faut que nous parlions de nos projets de voyage. (It's necessary that we talk about our travel plans.)
B

B

Oui, je suis content que tu veuilles en discuter. (Yes, I'm happy that you want to discuss it.)

Quick FAQ

Q

When do I *really* need to use the French subjunctive for B1 French?

You primarily need the subjunctive when expressing emotions, desires, doubts, opinions, or necessities, especially after que and when the subject of the main clause is different from the dependent clause.

Q

What's the difference between 'il faut que' and 'il faut' + infinitive in French grammar?

Il faut que + subjunctive is used when the necessity applies to a *specific person* (e.g., il faut que tu viennes - it's necessary that *you* come). Il faut + infinitive is for general necessities or when the subject is not specified (e.g., il faut étudier - it's necessary to study).

Q

Are there irregular subjunctive verbs in French, or is it just for -er verbs?

Yes, there are many irregular verbs in the subjunctive mood (like être, avoir, faire, aller, pouvoir, savoir). While this chapter focuses on -er verbs, you'll encounter these common irregular forms as you progress.

Q

How can I practice the French subjunctive effectively at the B1 level?

Practice by identifying trigger phrases, doing conjugation exercises, converting indicative sentences to subjunctive, and trying to incorporate it into your own speaking and writing, focusing on the structures learned here.

Cultural Context

The French subjunctive is more than just a grammatical rule; it's a window into the nuanced way French speakers convey their thoughts and feelings. While English often relies on auxiliary verbs like may or might, French uses the subjunctive to express subjectivity directly. It adds a layer of politeness and formality, making your requests or suggestions sound less direct and more considerate.
In daily conversations, its frequency can vary; highly educated speakers or formal contexts tend to use it more rigorously, while very casual speech might sometimes opt for the indicative, though this is generally considered less correct. Mastering it will make your French sound truly authentic and sophisticated.

重要な例文 (4)

1

Il faut que je travaille ce soir.

今夜は仕事をしないといけません。

フランス語の接続法：必須の -er 動詞 (Subjonctif présent)
2

Je veux que tu regardes cette vidéo TikTok.

君にこのTikTok動画を見てほしいな。

フランス語の接続法：必須の -er 動詞 (Subjonctif présent)
3

Je veux partir en vacances demain.

明日からバカンスに行きたいな。

フランス語文法の裏技：同一主語のルール（接続法より不定詞）
4

Je suis trop content de te voir enfin !

やっと君に会えて、本当に嬉しいよ！

フランス語文法の裏技：同一主語のルール（接続法より不定詞）

ヒントとコツ (2)

💡

「i」の魔法を忘れずに

nous と vous の時は、語尾に 'i' が入るのを忘れないで。現在形と音や見た目を区別する大事なポイントだよ。 que nous mangions
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の接続法：必須の -er 動詞 (Subjonctif présent)
🎯

「Que」消しゴム

もし que je と言いそうになったらストップ！それを消して不定詞にするだけで、一気にネイティブっぽくなります。 Je veux partir.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語文法の裏技：同一主語のルール（接続法より不定詞）

重要な語彙 (6)

Il faut que It is necessary that Je souhaite que I wish that vouloir to want réussir to succeed à condition que provided that douter to doubt

Real-World Preview

plane

Planning a Trip

Review Summary

  • Il faut que + subject + verb stem + (-e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent)
  • Subject + verb + infinitive

よくある間違い

When the subject is the same (Je), never use the subjunctive. Use the infinitive directly after the verb.

Wrong: Je veux que je mange.
正解: Je veux manger.

Double endings are a common slip; remember the root is 'parl-' and add the ending '-es'.

Wrong: Il faut que tu parles-es.
正解: Il faut que tu parles.

The 'nous' form of the subjunctive often adds an 'i' before the ending '-ons'.

Wrong: Il faut que nous parlons.
正解: Il faut que nous parlions.

Next Steps

You've conquered the basics of the subjunctive! Keep practicing, and it will soon become second nature.

Write 5 sentences about your needs using 'Il faut que'.

Continue to: Common Irregular Verbs: Part 1

クイック練習 (6)

正しい形を選んで空欄を埋めてね。

Je suis content ___ te voir. (de/que)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: de
content（嬉しい）という感情形容詞で主語が同じ場合、de + 不定詞を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語文法の裏技：同一主語のルール（接続法より不定詞）

正しい文章はどれかな？

文法的に正しいものを選んでね：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je veux que nous mangions.
nous の接続法は、現在形の -ons ではなく -ions を使うよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の接続法：必須の -er 動詞 (Subjonctif présent)

自分自身のことを話す時、文法的に正しいのはどれ？

「行きたい」を正しく言うと：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je veux aller.
主語が同じ（Je）なので、que を消して不定詞の aller を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語文法の裏技：同一主語のルール（接続法より不定詞）

この文の間違いを見つけて直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

J'ai peur que je perde mon téléphone.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'ai peur de perdre mon téléphone.
怖がっている人と、スマホを失くす人が同じなので、de + 不定詞に書き換えます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語文法の裏技：同一主語のルール（接続法より不定詞）

間違いを見つけて直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

Il faut que je travaille chaque jour.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il faut que je travaille chaque jour.
実はこの文は最初から正しいんだ！ je の接続法の語尾は -e だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の接続法：必須の -er 動詞 (Subjonctif présent)

'parler' を正しい接続法の形にして空欄を埋めてね。

Il faut que tu ___ plus fort.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parles
tu の接続法の語尾は -es になるのがルールだよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の接続法：必須の -er 動詞 (Subjonctif présent)

Score: /6

よくある質問 (4)

直説法は「事実」を伝え、接続法は「主観（願い、感情、必要性）」を伝えます。現実の話か、心の中の話かという違いだよ。 "Je sais qu'il vient vs Je veux qu'il vienne"
いいえ！ Je pense que（〜と思う）などは確信を表すので直説法を使います。特定の「引き金」になる表現の時だけだよ。 Il faut que
ダメではないですが、すごく不自然で教科書っぽく聞こえます。主語が同じなら不定詞を使うのがフランス語の「鉄則」なんです。 Je veux partir.
正解は "j'espère« + 不定詞です。 »J'espère gagner"（勝ちたい）のように、de は入れません。
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Shifting Tenses in Reported Speech
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Common Irregular Verbs: Part 1
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