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A2 adjective #8,000 よく出る 11分で読める

abattu

上位8,000

練習する例文メモとヒント abattu 30秒で

解説 abattu in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn adjectives for emotions. While 'abattu' might be a bit advanced for a complete beginner, it is useful to recognize it as a stronger version of 'triste' (sad). Think of it as 'very, very sad' or 'without energy' because of a problem. At this stage, you don't need to use it yourself often, but you might see it in simple stories. Just remember that it describes a person's feeling. If you see 'Il est abattu,' it means 'He is very down.' Focus on the fact that it sounds like 'a-ba-tu.' Even at A1, you can start to notice that French adjectives change their spelling if they describe a woman (abattue) or a group of people (abattus). This is a good way to practice your basic grammar rules. Don't worry about the complex origins of the word; just associate it with a person who looks defeated or very unhappy after something bad happens. It's a 'heavy' word for a 'heavy' feeling.

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At the A2 level, you are expected to describe your feelings and the feelings of others in more detail. 'Abattu' is a great word to add to your vocabulary to go beyond 'triste.' You can use it to describe someone after they fail a test, lose a game, or get bad news. It shows that you understand that emotions have different levels of intensity. At A2, you should start paying attention to the verbs that go with 'abattu.' Most often, we use 'être' (to be) or 'avoir l'air' (to look like). For example, 'Elle a l'air abattue' (She looks dejected). You should also be comfortable with the gender agreement in writing. Since 'abattu' is the masculine form, you must add an 'e' for feminine (abattue). This word is very common in news and simple literature, so learning it now will help you understand more of what you read and hear in French media. It's about describing a state of being 'beaten down' by a situation.

At the B1 level, you are becoming more independent in your French. You should be able to use 'abattu' to express nuances in a conversation or a written text. You can distinguish between 'abattu' (dejected/disheartened) and 'fatigué' (tired). You might use it to describe a character in a movie or a book who has lost hope. At this level, you can also start using adverbs to modify the adjective, such as 'complètement abattu' or 'un peu abattu.' You should also understand that 'abattu' can sometimes describe a physical state of extreme weakness, like when someone has a very bad flu. You are now able to explain *why* someone is abattu using conjunctions like 'parce que' or 'à cause de.' For example: 'Il est abattu à cause de ses problèmes personnels.' This level is about building complexity in your descriptions and using 'abattu' to show a deeper understanding of human emotions in your French communication.

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of 'abattu' and its various connotations. You understand that it is a versatile word used in journalism, literature, and formal speech. You can use it to describe collective states, like 'une population abattue par la guerre.' You are also aware of the word's relationship with the verb 'abattre' (to strike down/slaughter) and can distinguish between the literal past participle and the figurative adjective. At B2, you might use more sophisticated synonyms like 'accablé' or 'prostré' depending on the context. You can also use 'abattu' in more complex sentence structures, such as 'Bien qu'abattu par la nouvelle, il a décidé de continuer.' This shows you can handle concessive clauses. You are expected to use the word accurately in both formal and informal registers, knowing that while 'abattu' is standard, it carries a certain weight that shouldn't be used lightly.

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At the C1 level, you use 'abattu' with the precision of a native speaker. You are sensitive to its stylistic effects in literature and its rhetorical power in journalism. You can analyze how an author uses the word to evoke empathy or to paint a picture of total defeat. You understand its placement in a sentence for emphasis, such as using it as an appositive: 'Abattu, l'homme s'assit sur le banc.' You are also familiar with the noun form 'abattement' (dejection/reduction) and how it relates to the adjective. At this level, you can discuss the psychological implications of being 'abattu' in a professional or academic setting. You can also recognize the word in idiomatic or specialized contexts, such as 'un temps abattu' (heavy/stifling weather). Your use of the word is fluid, and you can easily switch between 'abattu' and its many synonyms to maintain the desired tone and flow in your discourse.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'abattu' is complete. You understand the full etymological history of the word, from its Latin roots to its evolution in Old French. You can appreciate its use in classical French literature (like Racine or Molière) and how its meaning has subtly shifted or remained stable over centuries. You are capable of using 'abattu' in highly nuanced ways, perhaps even ironically or in complex metaphors. You can distinguish between the fine lines separating 'abattu,' 'anéanti,' 'foudroyé,' and 'terrassé' in a literary analysis. In professional contexts, you might use the related term 'abattement' to discuss tax reductions or the emotional state of a workforce with equal ease. Your command of the word allows you to use it in any register, from the most formal legal or medical document to the most casual conversation, always choosing the exact form and context to convey your precise meaning.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

abattu 30秒で

Abattu means dejected or disheartened in French.
It comes from the verb 'abattre' (to strike down).
It agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.
It is stronger than 'triste' and implies a loss of energy.

The French adjective abattu is a powerful word used to describe a state of deep emotional or physical exhaustion, often resulting from a significant setback, bad news, or a prolonged struggle. While its literal origin relates to being 'beaten down' or 'struck down,' in a modern everyday context, it most frequently refers to someone who is disheartened or dejected. When you see someone whose shoulders are slumped, whose gaze is fixed on the floor, and who seems to have lost their spark of vitality, abattu is the perfect descriptor. It goes beyond simple sadness; it implies a weight that has crushed one's spirit.

Emotional Weight: This term conveys a sense of being overwhelmed by circumstances. It is the feeling of having no energy left to fight back against a difficult situation.

Depuis qu'il a perdu son travail, il semble totalement abattu.

In a physical sense, abattu can also describe someone who is extremely weakened by illness. A doctor might observe a patient looking abattu if they are struggling with a high fever or a debilitating condition. However, the psychological nuance is where the word truly shines in literature and conversation. It captures that specific moment of defeat where the will to continue is momentarily extinguished. It is often used with the verb paraître (to appear) or sembler (to seem), as it describes an outward manifestation of an internal state.

Physical State: Can refer to being physically drained, especially due to illness or extreme heat, though this is secondary to its emotional usage.

La nouvelle de l'accident l'a laissé complètement abattue.

It is important to note the grammatical agreement of this adjective. Because it ends in a vowel sound, the feminine form abattue and the plural forms abattus and abattues are pronounced identically to the masculine singular, but the spelling must change to match the subject. This makes it a versatile tool for describing anyone or any group in a state of despair. Whether discussing a defeated sports team or a grieving friend, the word carries a consistent tone of gravity and empathy.

Les joueurs étaient abattus après leur défaite en finale.

Intensity: It is more intense than 'triste' (sad) and more formal than 'crevé' (exhausted/dead tired).

Malgré ses efforts, elle restait abattue par le chagrin.

Le vieil homme paraissait abattu sous le poids de ses souvenirs.

Using abattu correctly requires an understanding of its role as an adjective and its agreement with the nouns it modifies. In French, adjectives must match the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the noun they describe. For abattu, this means four possible spellings: abattu (m.s.), abattue (f.s.), abattus (m.p.), and abattues (f.p.). Despite these spelling differences, the pronunciation remains the same across all four forms in standard French, which simplifies spoken communication but requires diligence in writing.

Subject-Adjective Agreement: Always identify the gender and number of the person or thing being described. For example: 'Elle est abattue' vs 'Il est abattu.'

Marie semblait très abattue après sa longue journée à l'hôpital.

The word is frequently paired with state verbs like être (to be), paraître (to appear), sembler (to seem), or se sentir (to feel). These verbs allow you to describe the subject's condition vividly. For instance, 'Il se sent abattu' translates to 'He feels dejected.' You can also use adverbs to modify the intensity of the feeling, such as totalement (totally), profondément (profoundly), or un peu (a bit). This flexibility allows you to convey the precise level of discouragement the person is experiencing.

Common Verbs: Être, sembler, paraître, rester, se sentir, demeurer.

Après l'échec du projet, toute l'équipe était abattue.

In more descriptive writing, abattu can be used as an attributive adjective placed after the noun, though this is less common than its use as a predicative adjective (after a verb). For example, 'Un homme abattu marchait dans la rue' (A dejected man was walking in the street). This usage adds a literary quality to your descriptions, painting a picture of the character's internal state through their physical presence. It is a word that carries significant emotional weight, so it is best reserved for situations involving real hardship or profound disappointment.

Son visage abattu trahissait sa tristesse infinie.

Ils sont restés abattus pendant des jours après la nouvelle.

Agreement with Plural Subjects: If the group includes at least one male, use the masculine plural 'abattus'. Only use 'abattues' for an entirely female group.

Les fleurs, abattues par l'orage, jonchaient le sol.

You will encounter abattu in a variety of contexts, ranging from somber news reports to intimate conversations and classic literature. In journalism, it is frequently used to describe the reaction of people facing a catastrophe, a political defeat, or an economic crisis. For example, after a major factory closure, a reporter might describe the workers as 'particulièrement abattus.' This usage highlights the collective sense of hopelessness that often accompanies such events. It provides a more nuanced and empathetic description than simply saying they are 'sad.'

News & Media: Used to describe public figures or citizens after a tragedy, election loss, or scandal.

Le candidat est apparu abattu devant ses partisans hier soir.

In everyday spoken French, abattu is used when someone wants to express a deep level of discouragement. It is not a word used for minor inconveniences like losing your keys; rather, it is reserved for life's heavier blows. If a friend says, 'Je me sens vraiment abattu en ce moment,' they are signaling that they are going through a very tough time and might need significant support. It is a word that demands attention and care from the listener. You might also hear it in medical settings, where a doctor uses it to describe a patient's general state of weakness and lack of vitality.

Literature & Film: Often used in stage directions or novel descriptions to convey a character's defeat or mourning.

Dans le film, le héros reste abattu pendant toute la deuxième partie.

In sports commentary, the word is a staple. When a team that was expected to win loses in a heartbreaking fashion, the commentators will inevitably describe the players as abattus. It captures the physical and mental collapse that follows an intense effort that ultimately failed. This context makes the word very relatable to a wide audience. Whether in the high-stakes world of professional sports or the quiet moments of personal grief, abattu remains the go-to term for describing a spirit that has been temporarily broken by the weight of the world.

Après le but encaissé à la dernière minute, les défenseurs étaient abattus.

Elle est revenue de son entretien d'embauche l'air abattu.

Professional Context: Used in HR or management to describe low morale within a company or department.

Le moral des troupes est abattu par ces changements constants.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with abattu is confusing it with more common words for 'sad' or 'tired.' While triste (sad) is a general term, abattu is much more specific and intense. It describes a state of being crushed or defeated, not just feeling unhappy. Similarly, fatigué (tired) refers to a lack of sleep or physical energy from effort, whereas abattu refers to a lack of vitality caused by emotional distress or severe illness. Using abattu for a simple lack of sleep would sound overly dramatic to a native speaker.

Abattu vs. Fatigué: Fatigué = Physical tiredness. Abattu = Emotional or severe physical exhaustion/defeat.

Incorrect: Je suis abattu parce que je n'ai pas dormi cette nuit. (Too dramatic)

Another common error is failing to make the adjective agree with the subject. Because the final letters ('e', 's', 'es') are silent, learners often forget to write them. Remember: Elle est abattue (add 'e'), Ils sont abattus (add 's'), Elles sont abattues (add 'es'). This is particularly important in formal writing. Additionally, learners should be careful not to confuse the adjective abattu with the past participle of the verb abattre in contexts where it means 'to shoot down' or 'to cut down.' While the words are identical, the context usually makes the meaning clear.

Agreement Pitfalls: Don't let the silent endings fool you. Written French requires strict gender and number agreement.

Correct: Ces femmes sont abattues par la nouvelle.

Finally, some learners might use abattu when they mean 'depressed' (déprimé). While they are related, abattu is more of a temporary state resulting from a specific event, whereas déprimé can refer to a more chronic clinical condition. Using abattu suggests a reaction to a blow, like a boxer being knocked down. If the feeling persists without a clear cause, déprimé might be more appropriate. Understanding these subtle distinctions will help you sound more like a native speaker and ensure your emotional expressions are accurate.

On dit qu'il est abattu par le deuil, pas seulement triste.

Ils ont l'air abattus (correct plural for a mixed group).

Confusing with 'Abattre' (Action): Avoid saying 'Il a abattu' unless you mean 'He shot down' or 'He cut down.' Use 'Il est abattu' for the state of being dejected.

L'arbre a été abattu par l'orage. (Literal physical action)

To enrich your French vocabulary, it is helpful to look at words that are similar to abattu but offer slightly different nuances. A common synonym is découragé (discouraged). While abattu implies a deeper, more physical sense of being crushed, découragé focuses specifically on the loss of courage or motivation to continue a task. Another alternative is déprimé (depressed), which, as mentioned before, often suggests a longer-term or more clinical state of low mood. Choosing between these depends on the intensity and duration of the feeling you want to describe.

Abattu vs. Découragé: Abattu is more visceral and physical; découragé is more about losing the will to try.

Il est découragé par ses mauvaises notes, mais il n'est pas abattu.

For a more literary or intense version, you might use prostré. This word describes someone who is so abattu that they are almost catatonic or unable to move, often seen in cases of severe shock or grief. On the other hand, if you want to describe someone who is just 'down' but in a less severe way, morose or triste might suffice. In informal settings, people often use cassé (broken) or démoralisé (demoralized). Cassé is very common in slang to mean 'exhausted' or 'destroyed' by a situation, similar to the English 'wrecked.'

Other Nuances: Démoralisé (low morale), accablé (overwhelmed), anéanti (wiped out/destroyed).

Elle se sent accablée par toutes ses responsabilités.

In summary, abattu sits in a sweet spot of emotional vocabulary: it is descriptive, carries weight, and is widely understood across all levels of French society. By understanding its synonyms, you can avoid repetition in your writing and speaking. For example, you could start by describing a character as abattu after a loss, and then describe their ongoing state as démoralisé as they struggle to regain their footing. This variety makes your French sound more natural and expressive.

Le village était anéanti par la catastrophe, les habitants erraient abattus.

Il n'est pas seulement triste, il est prostré dans son coin.

Informal Alternatives: K.O. (knocked out), crevé (exhausted), au bout du rouleau (at the end of one's rope).

Après cette semaine de travail, je suis au bout du rouleau.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"Le peuple, abattu par des années d'oppression, n'osait plus protester."

ニュートラル

"Il est très abattu depuis l'annonce de son divorce."

カジュアル

"Il est complètement abattu, il ne sort plus de chez lui."

Child friendly

"Le petit ours était tout abattu parce qu'il avait perdu son miel."

スラング

"Il est trop abattu, c'est abusé."

豆知識

The word originally referred to physical acts like felling trees or slaughtering animals. Its use to describe a person's mood only became common as a metaphor for being 'struck down' by life.

発音ガイド

UK /a.ba.ty/

US /ɑ.bɑ.ty/

Stress is typically on the last syllable in French: a-ba-TU.

韻が合う語

pointu tortu vêtu têtu connu venu tenu aperçu

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'u' like 'oo' in 'boot'.
Adding a 't' sound at the end (the 't' is silent).
Making the 'a' sound like 'ay' as in 'able'.
Not rounding the lips enough for the 'u' sound.
Pronouncing the final 'e' in 'abattue' (it is silent).

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in context due to its similarity to 'beaten'.

ライティング 3/5

Requires attention to gender and number agreement.

スピーキング 3/5

The 'u' sound can be tricky for English speakers.

リスニング 2/5

Usually clear, but watch out for the verb 'abattre'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

triste fatigué battre malade échec

次に学ぶ

accablé découragé prostré anéanti abattement

上級

foudroyé terrassé languissant moribond mélancolique

知っておくべき文法

Adjective Agreement

La femme est abattue. L'homme est abattu.

Past Participle as Adjective

L'arbre abattu (The felled tree).

State Verbs

Elle parait abattue. (She appears dejected).

Adverb Placement

Il est profondément abattu.

Negative Construction

Il n'est pas du tout abattu.

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レベル別の例文

Il est abattu.

He is dejected.

Masculine singular form.

Elle est abattue.

She is dejected.

Feminine singular form (add -e).

Le chat est abattu.

The cat is disheartened/weak.

Used for animals too.

Je suis un peu abattu.

I am a bit dejected.

'Un peu' modifies the adjective.

Ils sont abattus.

They are dejected.

Masculine plural form (add -s).

Tu as l'air abattu.

You look dejected.

'Avoir l'air' means 'to look like'.

Elles sont abattues.

They (f.) are dejected.

Feminine plural form (add -es).

Il n'est pas abattu.

He is not dejected.

Negative form with 'ne...pas'.

Il semble abattu après le test.

He seems dejected after the test.

Verb 'sembler' (to seem).

Marie est abattue par la nouvelle.

Marie is disheartened by the news.

Agreement with 'Marie'.

Les joueurs sont abattus ce soir.

The players are dejected tonight.

Plural agreement.

Pourquoi es-tu si abattu ?

Why are you so dejected?

Interrogative sentence.

Elle reste abattue dans sa chambre.

She remains dejected in her room.

Verb 'rester' (to remain).

Le moral est abattu après l'échec.

Morale is low after the failure.

'Le moral' is the subject.

Il n'a pas l'air abattu du tout.

He doesn't look dejected at all.

'Du tout' means 'at all'.

Ma mère est abattue par la chaleur.

My mother is drained by the heat.

Physical use of the word.

Toute la ville semblait abattue par la tragédie.

The whole town seemed disheartened by the tragedy.

Agreement with 'la ville' (f.s.).

Il se sentait abattu, incapable de réagir.

He felt dejected, unable to react.

Reflexive verb 'se sentir'.

Les fleurs étaient abattues par l'orage violent.

The flowers were beaten down by the violent storm.

Literal physical use.

Elle est revenue de son voyage totalement abattue.

She came back from her trip totally drained/dejected.

Adverb 'totalement'.

Malgré sa défaite, il n'était pas abattu.

Despite his defeat, he wasn't disheartened.

Concession with 'malgré'.

Le médecin a trouvé le patient très abattu.

The doctor found the patient very weakened/dejected.

Medical context.

Ils paraissaient abattus par le poids des responsabilités.

They appeared dejected by the weight of responsibilities.

Figurative use of 'poids'.

Son visage abattu m'a beaucoup inquiété.

His dejected face worried me a lot.

Adjective used before the verb.

L'annonce de la fermeture de l'usine a laissé les ouvriers abattus.

The announcement of the factory closure left the workers disheartened.

Past participle used as an adjective.

Elle s'est montrée abattue lors de l'interview.

She appeared dejected during the interview.

'Se montrer' means 'to show oneself/appear'.

Rien ne semblait pouvoir consoler cet homme abattu.

Nothing seemed to be able to comfort this dejected man.

Attributive adjective.

Les troupes étaient abattues par des semaines de combat.

The troops were disheartened by weeks of combat.

Military context.

Il a prononcé ces mots d'une voix abattue.

He spoke those words in a dejected voice.

Agreement with 'voix' (f.s.).

Le candidat, bien qu'abattu, a remercié ses électeurs.

The candidate, although disheartened, thanked his voters.

Concessive clause.

Cette série d'échecs l'a rendu complètement abattu.

This series of failures made him completely dejected.

Verb 'rendre' + adjective.

Les feuilles, abattues par le gel, couvraient le jardin.

The leaves, struck down by the frost, covered the garden.

Literal use in nature.

Un sentiment d'abattement général régnait dans la salle.

A general feeling of dejection reigned in the room.

Noun form 'abattement'.

Il restait là, prostré et abattu, sans dire un mot.

He stayed there, prostrated and dejected, without saying a word.

Synonym pairing for emphasis.

Son regard abattu trahissait une profonde détresse psychologique.

His dejected gaze betrayed deep psychological distress.

Literary style.

L'économie du pays est abattue par des années de mauvaise gestion.

The country's economy is crippled by years of mismanagement.

Metaphorical use for abstract concepts.

Elle a accueilli la sentence d'un air abattu mais digne.

She received the sentence with a dejected but dignified air.

Contrast 'abattu' with 'digne'.

Le climat était lourd, abattu par une chaleur accablante.

The climate was heavy, stifled by overwhelming heat.

Advanced physical description.

On le sentait abattu, comme si le ressort était cassé.

One felt he was dejected, as if the spring were broken.

Metaphorical comparison.

Abattus par la fatigue, ils s'endormirent sur le sol.

Overcome by fatigue, they fell asleep on the floor.

Adjective at the start of the sentence.

L'abattement moral qui suivit la guerre fut immense.

The moral dejection that followed the war was immense.

Noun form in historical context.

Elle errait dans les rues, l'âme abattue par un chagrin inconsolable.

She wandered the streets, her soul disheartened by inconsolable grief.

Highly poetic usage.

Le texte dépeint un héros abattu par son propre destin tragique.

The text depicts a hero struck down by his own tragic fate.

Literary analysis.

Il y avait dans son attitude un mélange de révolte et d'abattement.

There was in his attitude a mix of revolt and dejection.

Nuanced emotional description.

La structure même du bâtiment semblait abattue par le temps.

The very structure of the building seemed beaten down by time.

Architectural metaphor.

Elle parlait d'un ton monocorde, signe d'un esprit abattu.

She spoke in a monotone, a sign of a disheartened spirit.

Psychological observation.

L'armée, bien qu'abattue physiquement, gardait sa discipline.

The army, although physically drained, kept its discipline.

Nuanced contrast.

Ce fut un coup de massue qui le laissa durablement abattu.

It was a devastating blow that left him lastingly dejected.

Idiomatic expression 'coup de massue'.

よく使う組み合わせ

sembler abattu

totalement abattu

moral abattu

air abattu

être abattu par le chagrin

rester abattu

visage abattu

se sentir abattu

laisser abattu

complètement abattu

よく使うフレーズ

avoir l'air abattu

— To look dejected or disheartened.

Tu as l'air abattu, qu'est-ce qui ne va pas ?

être abattu par la nouvelle

— To be crushed by a piece of news.

Il a été abattu par la nouvelle de son licenciement.

paraître abattu

— To appear dejected.

Le ministre paraissait abattu lors de son discours.

un moral abattu

— Low morale or spirits.

Malgré un moral abattu, ils ont continué à chercher.

se sentir tout abattu

— To feel completely dejected.

Je me sens tout abattu depuis ce matin.

une mine abattue

— A dejected expression or look.

Elle affichait une mine abattue après l'examen.

être abattu par la fatigue

— To be overcome by exhaustion.

Je suis abattu par la fatigue après cette randonnée.

rester abattu dans son coin

— To stay dejected in a corner (withdrawing).

Il reste abattu dans son coin sans parler.

un ton abattu

— A dejected or flat tone of voice.

Il a répondu d'un ton abattu.

être abattu par le sort

— To be beaten down by fate/bad luck.

Il semble abattu par le sort ces derniers temps.

よく混同される語

abattu vs abattre

Abattre is the verb (to strike down), abattu is the adjective (dejected).

abattu vs triste

Triste is general sadness; abattu is more intense and implies a lack of energy.

abattu vs fatigué

Fatigué is physical tiredness; abattu is emotional or severe physical depletion.

慣用句と表現

"être au bout du rouleau"

— To be at the end of one's rope; completely exhausted and dejected.

Après trois nuits sans sommeil, je suis au bout du rouleau.

informal

"avoir le moral dans les chaussettes"

— To have one's morale in one's socks (to be very down).

Depuis qu'elle est partie, il a le moral dans les chaussettes.

informal

"être cassé en deux"

— To be broken in two (by grief or physical pain).

Il est cassé en deux par la tristesse.

informal

"un coup de massue"

— A sledgehammer blow (a shocking piece of bad news).

Cette nouvelle a été un vrai coup de massue pour lui.

neutral

"être K.O."

— To be knocked out (physically or emotionally).

Après cette dispute, je suis complètement K.O.

slang

"broyer du noir"

— To grind black (to have very dark thoughts/be depressed).

Il broie du noir depuis qu'il a perdu son emploi.

informal

"porter le deuil"

— To be in mourning (often leads to being abattu).

Elle porte le deuil et reste très abattue.

neutral

"tomber de haut"

— To fall from high (to be severely disappointed).

Il est tombé de haut quand il a appris la vérité.

neutral

"avoir le cœur gros"

— To have a heavy heart.

Elle a le cœur gros et semble abattue.

neutral

"être à plat"

— To be flat (out of energy).

Je suis complètement à plat après cette réunion.

informal

間違えやすい

abattu vs abattu

Looks like 'a bat' or 'about'.

It is related to 'beaten' (battu).

Il est abattu.

abattu vs abattu

Could be confused with 'habit' (habit).

Completely different pronunciation and meaning.

Son habit est bleu vs Il est abattu.

abattu vs battu

It is the root word.

Battu means 'beaten' (in a game or physically); abattu means 'dejected'.

Il a été battu au tennis.

abattu vs abattre

Verb vs Adjective.

Abattre is the action; abattu is the result or state.

Il faut abattre cet arbre.

abattu vs abbaye

Similar starting sound.

Abbaye is an abbey (building).

L'abbaye est ancienne.

文型パターン

S + être + abattu

Il est abattu.

S + avoir l'air + abattu

Elle a l'air abattue.

S + être + abattu + par + N

Il est abattu par la fatigue.

S + se sentir + Adv + abattu

Je me sens vraiment abattu.

Abattu, S + V

Abattu, il quitta la pièce.

N + abattu + par + le temps/destin

Une âme abattue par le destin.

Any

S + sembler + abattu

Ils semblent abattus.

Any

S + rendre + O + abattu

Cela le rend abattu.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Common in both written and spoken French.

よくある間違い

Je suis abattu (meaning tired). → Je suis fatigué.
Abattu is for deep dejection or extreme exhaustion, not just everyday tiredness.
Elle est abattu. → Elle est abattue.
Feminine subjects require the feminine form of the adjective.
Ils sont abattue. → Ils sont abattus.
Plural masculine subjects require the 's' ending.
Pronouncing the final 't'. → Silent 't'.
The 't' in 'abattu' is never pronounced.
Using 'abattu' for 'sad' about a movie. → Je suis triste.
Abattu implies a more personal sense of being crushed.

ヒント

Agreement

Always check the gender of the person you are describing. 'Elle est abattue' needs that extra 'e'!

Intensity

Use 'abattu' when 'triste' isn't strong enough. It shows you know more advanced French.

Silent Letters

Remember the 't' at the end is silent. Don't say 'a-ba-tute'!

Sports

Watch a French sports broadcast after a loss; you'll almost certainly hear 'abattus'.

Adverbs

Pair it with 'complètement' or 'totalement' to sound more natural.

Tone

Listen for the emotional tone in the speaker's voice; 'abattu' is rarely said cheerfully.

Battery

Think of a dead battery (abattu = a-battery). No energy left!

Literature

Look for this word in classic French novels to see it used in beautiful, tragic ways.

Avoid Overuse

Don't use it for small things like a broken pencil. Keep it for real setbacks.

Avoir l'air

Using 'Il a l'air abattu' is a very common and natural way to start a conversation about someone's well-being.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a person who has been 'beaten' (battu) 'away' (a-) from their happiness. They are 'a-battu'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a boxer sitting in the corner of the ring after being knocked down, head low, looking defeated.

Word Web

triste fatigué découragé abattre abattement battre vaincu échec

チャレンジ

Try to use 'abattu' in a sentence describing a character in a book you are reading or a movie you recently watched.

語源

From the verb 'abattre', which comes from the Vulgar Latin 'abbattere'. This is a combination of 'ad-' (to) and 'battuere' (to beat).

元の意味： To beat down, to strike down, or to cause to fall.

Romance (Latin root).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using it; it implies a serious level of sadness or exhaustion. Don't use it for trivial matters.

English speakers might use 'devastated' or 'gutted,' but 'abattu' is slightly more focused on the loss of energy and vitality.

Used frequently in Victor Hugo's 'Les Misérables' to describe the poor and defeated. Commonly found in news headlines after the 2022 World Cup final. A recurring state for characters in the plays of Jean Racine.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

After a failure

Je suis abattu par mon échec.
Il semble abattu après le concours.
Ne sois pas si abattu.
L'équipe est abattue.

During illness

La grippe l'a laissé très abattu.
Il est abattu par la fièvre.
Elle se sent abattue ce matin.
Un état abattu.

Hearing bad news

Abattu par la nouvelle.
Une mine abattue.
Il a appris la mort de son chat, il est abattu.
Elle reste abattue.

In the heat

Le soleil nous a abattus.
On est tous abattus par cette canicule.
Les plantes sont abattues.
Un temps abattu.

In literature

Un héros abattu par le destin.
D'un pas abattu.
Une âme abattue.
Le visage abattu.

会話のきっかけ

"Tu as l'air un peu abattu aujourd'hui, est-ce que ça va ?"

"Qu'est-ce qui te rend le plus abattu dans la vie ?"

"Est-ce que tu penses que les joueurs étaient abattus après le match ?"

"Comment aider un ami qui se sent totalement abattu ?"

"As-tu déjà été abattu par une simple nouvelle à la radio ?"

日記のテーマ

Décris un moment où tu t'es senti vraiment abattu. Qu'est-ce qui s'est passé ?

Si tu voyais un ami abattu, quels mots utiliserais-tu pour le réconforter ?

Penses-tu qu'il est normal d'être abattu parfois, ou faut-il toujours rester positif ?

Décris une scène de film où un personnage est totalement abattu.

Comment fais-tu pour ne plus être abattu quand les choses vont mal ?

よくある質問

10 問

No, it can describe animals (a sick dog) or even things metaphorically (flowers beaten by rain).

Round your lips as if saying 'oo' but try to say 'ee'. It's a distinct French sound.

Only if you are so tired you feel completely crushed and without any energy left. Usually 'fatigué' is better.

It is neutral. You can use it with friends, at work, or in a formal essay.

It is 'abattues'. The 'es' is silent in speech.

Not exactly. It means 'disheartened' or 'dejected', which is a specific type of sadness involving a loss of will.

No, that means 'I shot down' or 'I cut down.' Say 'Je suis abattu' for 'I am dejected.'

Abattu is more physical and emotional; découragé specifically means you've lost the courage to continue a task.

Yes, very often, to describe victims of tragedies or losing politicians.

Yes, as the past participle of 'abattre' (e.g., 'Il a été abattu' can mean 'He was shot dead'). Context is key.

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