cousine 30秒で
- Cousine: female cousin (daughter of aunt/uncle).
- Grammatical gender: feminine.
- Plural: cousines.
- Essential for family conversations.
The French word cousine is a noun that refers to a female cousin. In English, this is the daughter of your aunt or uncle. It’s a fundamental word for describing family relationships, especially in cultures where extended family ties are strong and frequently discussed, like in France. You’ll hear this word used in everyday conversations when people are talking about their family members, planning family gatherings, or simply sharing anecdotes about their relatives. It’s a term that evokes a sense of familiarity and shared history, often associated with childhood memories and ongoing connections.
- Basic Definition
- A female cousin is the daughter of one's aunt or uncle.
- Grammatical Gender
- In French, nouns have grammatical gender. 'Cousine' is feminine. The masculine form is 'cousin' (male cousin).
- Usage Context
- Used in discussions about family, holidays, events, and personal histories.
Ma cousine habite à Lyon et nous rend visite tous les étés.
Understanding 'cousine' is crucial for anyone learning French, as family is a common topic of conversation. It helps you build a more detailed picture of someone’s background and connect with them on a more personal level. Whether you're discussing your own family or learning about others, this word will be a valuable addition to your vocabulary. It’s often used in conjunction with other family terms like 'oncle' (uncle), 'tante' (aunt), 'frère' (brother), and 'sœur' (sister), forming the building blocks of familial descriptions.
The concept of cousins is universal, but the way family is structured and discussed can vary. In French culture, extended family often plays a significant role, making terms like 'cousine' very common. You might use it when describing your parents' siblings' daughters, or even in a broader sense if the cultural context allows for it, though the strict definition remains the daughter of an aunt or uncle. It’s a word that bridges generations and geographic distances, keeping family ties alive.
J'ai une cousine très proche qui est comme une sœur pour moi.
- Relationship
- Direct descendant of a common grandparent or ancestor.
- Plural Form
- The plural form is 'cousines'.
When you encounter the word 'cousine', think of the English 'cousin' but specifically the female one. This distinction is important in French due to grammatical gender. So, if you're talking about your aunt's daughter, your uncle's daughter, or even your parent's cousin's daughter (a second cousin, but still referred to with familial terms), 'cousine' is the word you'll use for the female relative. It’s a common and essential vocabulary item for navigating discussions about family structures and relationships in French-speaking environments.
Using cousine in sentences is straightforward once you understand its meaning and grammatical gender. It functions as a noun and typically appears after possessive adjectives (like 'ma', 'ta', 'sa') or articles ('une', 'la', 'cette'). The context will usually revolve around family, personal connections, or events involving relatives. You'll often find it used in descriptive sentences, explaining who someone is or what their relationship is to the speaker or another person.
- Possessive Adjectives
- Commonly used with 'ma' (my), 'ta' (your), 'sa' (his/her/its), 'notre' (our), 'votre' (your plural/formal), 'leur' (their).
- Indefinite Article
- Used with 'une' when introducing a cousin for the first time or referring to any cousin.
- Definite Article
- Used with 'la' when referring to a specific, known cousin.
Mon oncle a deux filles, donc j'ai une cousine germaine et une autre cousine.
When constructing sentences, consider the relationship you want to express. Are you introducing a cousin? Describing their location? Talking about shared activities? The structure will adapt. For example, to state you have a cousin, you might say: 'J'ai une cousine.' (I have a cousin.) To specify whose cousin she is: 'C'est la cousine de mon père.' (She is my father's cousin.)
Here are some common sentence structures:
- Introducing a cousin
- 'Voici ma cousine, Sophie.' (Here is my cousin, Sophie.)
- Describing relationship
- 'Elle est la cousine de mon père.' (She is my father's cousin.)
- Talking about location
- 'Ma cousine vit à Paris.' (My cousin lives in Paris.)
- Discussing activities
- 'Nous allons rendre visite à notre cousine ce week-end.' (We are going to visit our cousin this weekend.)
- Expressing affection
- 'J'adore ma cousine, elle est très drôle.' (I love my cousin, she is very funny.)
Sa cousine est une artiste talentueuse.
Remember to use the correct form for the plural: 'cousines'. For example, 'Mes cousines viennent de loin.' (My cousins are coming from far away.) The key is to practice constructing sentences that reflect real-life situations where you would naturally mention a female cousin. This will help solidify the word in your active vocabulary.
You'll hear the word cousine in a variety of everyday situations in French-speaking environments. It's a staple of family-related conversations, which are very common. Imagine a family gathering: someone might point out a relative and say, 'C'est ma cousine' (That's my cousin). Or during a casual chat, someone might ask, 'Comment va ta cousine?' (How is your cousin doing?).
- Family Gatherings
- At weddings, birthdays, holidays like Christmas or Easter, and family reunions, discussions about who is related to whom are constant. 'Ma cousine est venue de Marseille.' (My cousin came from Marseille.)
- Casual Conversations
- Friends catching up might talk about their families. 'J'ai passé le week-end avec ma cousine.' (I spent the weekend with my cousin.)
- Introducing People
- When introducing someone, you might say, 'Je te présente ma cousine.' (I'd like you to meet my cousin.)
Ma cousine est médecin à Paris.
You'll also hear it in more formal contexts, perhaps when discussing family history or legal matters involving inheritance, though the usage there might be more precise (e.g., specifying 'première cousine' for first cousin). In media, such as movies, TV shows, or books set in French-speaking countries, characters will frequently mention their 'cousine' when discussing their personal lives or family dynamics. It’s a word that signifies a direct familial link and is part of the common vocabulary used to build social connections and share personal stories.
Children often talk about their cousins. A child might say to a friend, 'Ma cousine vient jouer à la maison.' (My cousin is coming to play at my house.) This highlights its everyday, accessible nature. Whether it's a brief mention or a detailed description of a family member, 'cousine' is a fundamental term for anyone learning to speak French about their personal connections.
As-tu vu ma cousine dernièrement ?
In summary, 'cousine' is a word you'll hear frequently in informal and semi-formal settings, especially when family is the topic. It's an integral part of everyday French discourse, reflecting the importance of family relationships.
When learning the word cousine, English speakers might make a few common mistakes, primarily related to gender and pronunciation. The most frequent error is confusing the feminine 'cousine' with the masculine 'cousin', or vice versa, especially if they are not accustomed to grammatical gender in languages.
- Gender Confusion
- Using 'cousin' (masculine) when referring to a female and 'cousine' (feminine) when referring to a male. For example, saying 'Je vais voir mon cousin' when you mean your female cousin, or 'C'est ma cousine' when you mean your male cousin. The correct forms are 'ma cousine' for a female and 'mon cousin' for a male.
- Pluralization Errors
- Incorrectly forming the plural. The plural of 'cousine' is 'cousines'. A mistake might be to say 'mes cousine' instead of 'mes cousines' when referring to more than one female cousin.
- Pronunciation
- The final 'e' in 'cousine' is pronounced, unlike in some English words. Also, the 's' is pronounced as /z/ sound when it's between vowels (in 'cousine' it's followed by 'i', so it's /z/). A common error is to pronounce it as a hard 's' sound or to drop the final 'e' sound, making it sound like 'cousin'. The correct pronunciation is approximately 'koo-ZEEN'.
Incorrect: 'J'ai un cousine.' Correct: 'J'ai une cousine.'
Another potential pitfall is the direct translation of familial relationships. While 'cousin' in English can refer to both male and female relatives, French makes a clear distinction with 'cousin' and 'cousine'. Failing to use the correct gender can lead to misunderstandings.
To avoid these errors, focus on actively associating the word 'cousine' with female relatives and practice the correct pronunciation, paying attention to the final vowel sound and the 's' sound. When in doubt, always double-check the gender of the noun and ensure articles and possessives agree.
Incorrect: 'Mes cousine sont gentilles.' Correct: 'Mes cousines sont gentilles.'
By being mindful of gender agreement and pronunciation, you can effectively use 'cousine' and avoid common mistakes.
While cousine specifically refers to a female cousin (the daughter of an aunt or uncle), there are related terms in French that describe different family relationships or have slightly different nuances. Understanding these distinctions helps in precise communication.
- Cousin (Masculine)
- Cousin: This is the masculine counterpart to 'cousine', referring to a male cousin (the son of an aunt or uncle). Example: 'Mon cousin habite en Italie.' (My cousin lives in Italy.)
- First Cousin
- Cousine germaine (feminine) / Cousin germain (masculine): These terms refer to a first cousin, meaning the child of one's aunt or uncle. 'Germaine' emphasizes the directness of the relationship. Example: 'Ma cousine germaine est ma meilleure amie.' (My first cousin is my best friend.)
- Second Cousin
- Cousine issue des grands-parents (feminine) / Cousin issu des grands-parents (masculine): This literally translates to 'cousin stemming from the grandparents', referring to a second cousin (children of first cousins). This term is less common in everyday speech than 'cousin' or 'cousine'.
While 'cousine' means female cousin, 'demoiselle' means young lady or damsel, and is not a familial term.
In casual conversation, the terms 'cousin' and 'cousine' are often used broadly. For example, one might refer to a more distant relative or even a very close family friend as 'cousine' in a warm, informal way, though this is not the strict definition. However, for clarity, especially in formal contexts or when precision is needed, the specific terms like 'cousine germaine' are preferred.
Other familial terms that are related but distinct include:
- Tante (Aunt)
- Oncle (Uncle)
- Neveu (Nephew)
- Nièce (Niece)
- Grand-mère (Grandmother)
- Grand-père (Grandfather)
Instead of saying 'Elle est ma cousine', you could say 'Elle est la fille de ma tante' (She is my aunt's daughter), but 'cousine' is much more common and direct.
In essence, while 'cousine' is specific, the French language offers ways to be more precise about familial relationships when needed, but for everyday use, 'cousine' is the go-to term for a female cousin.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
Interestingly, the Latin word 'consobrinus' (male cousin) originally referred to the son of a mother's sister. The term for the son of a father's sister or brother, or a mother's brother, was different. French, like many Romance languages, simplified this system to 'cousin' and 'cousine'.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 's' as /s/ instead of /z/.
- Dropping the final 'e' sound, making it sound like 'cousin'.
- Incorrectly stressing the first syllable.
難易度
CEFR A1. The word 'cousine' is very common and its meaning is easily understood from context. Its grammatical gender is the main point to grasp for learners.
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レベル別の例文
Ma cousine habite à Paris.
My cousin lives in Paris.
Possessive adjective 'ma' agrees with feminine noun 'cousine'.
J'ai une cousine.
I have a cousin.
Indefinite article 'une' agrees with feminine noun 'cousine'.
C'est ma cousine.
This is my cousin.
Demonstrative pronoun 'C'' followed by possessive adjective 'ma'.
Ma cousine est gentille.
My cousin is kind.
Adjective 'gentille' agrees in gender with 'cousine'.
Elle est ma cousine.
She is my cousin.
Subject pronoun 'Elle' for a female person.
Ma cousine a un chien.
My cousin has a dog.
Verb 'avoir' (to have) in the third person singular 'a'.
J'aime ma cousine.
I like my cousin.
Verb 'aimer' (to like/love).
Ma cousine s'appelle Sophie.
My cousin's name is Sophie.
Reflexive verb 's'appeler' (to be called).
Ma cousine germaine vit à Lyon.
My first cousin lives in Lyon.
'Germaine' specifies it's a first cousin.
Nous avons rendu visite à notre cousine.
We visited our cousin.
Past tense using 'avoir' and preposition 'à'.
Ta cousine est très drôle.
Your cousin is very funny.
Possessive adjective 'ta' (your) agrees with 'cousine'.
Mes cousines habitent ensemble.
My cousins live together.
Feminine plural 'cousines' and plural verb 'habitent'.
Je vais voir ma cousine ce week-end.
I am going to see my cousin this weekend.
Future proche (near future) with 'aller' + infinitive.
C'est la cousine de mon père.
She is my father's cousin.
Using 'de' to show possession/relationship.
Ma cousine est artiste.
My cousin is an artist.
Using profession without an article after 'être'.
Elle a une cousine en Italie.
She has a cousin in Italy.
Verb 'avoir' and indefinite article 'une'.
Ma cousine étudie la médecine à l'université.
My cousin is studying medicine at university.
Use of definite article 'la' before 'médecine' and 'l'' before 'université'.
Nous avons beaucoup de cousins et de cousines.
We have many cousins (male and female).
Masculine plural 'cousins' when including females.
Elle est la cousine de ma mère.
She is my mother's cousin.
Clarifying the maternal side of the family.
Ma cousine m'a raconté une histoire incroyable.
My cousin told me an incredible story.
Past tense 'passé composé' with 'avoir'.
J'ai invité ma cousine à mon mariage.
I invited my cousin to my wedding.
Use of 'à' to indicate the event.
Sa cousine travaille dans le marketing.
His/Her cousin works in marketing.
Use of 'dans' for a field of work.
Le lien avec ma cousine est très fort.
The bond with my cousin is very strong.
Abstract noun 'lien' (bond).
Ma cousine a le même âge que moi.
My cousin is the same age as me.
Phrase 'avoir le même âge que'.
Ma cousine, qui vit à l'étranger, vient nous rendre visite.
My cousin, who lives abroad, is coming to visit us.
Relative clause 'qui vit à l'étranger'.
Nous partageons de nombreux souvenirs avec nos cousines.
We share many memories with our cousins.
Plural 'cousines' and plural possessive 'nos'.
Elle est considérée comme une deuxième cousine.
She is considered a second cousin.
Passive voice and term for second cousin.
La relation entre cousins peut évoluer avec le temps.
The relationship between cousins can evolve over time.
General statement about relationships.
Ma cousine m'a conseillé sur ma carrière.
My cousin advised me on my career.
Verb 'conseiller' and preposition 'sur'.
Il y a une forte ressemblance entre ma cousine et ma tante.
There is a strong resemblance between my cousin and my aunt.
'Ressemblance' (resemblance) and 'entre' (between).
Elle a hérité du talent de sa cousine pour la musique.
She inherited her cousin's talent for music.
Verb 'hériter de' (to inherit).
Les réunions de famille incluent souvent nos cousines éloignées.
Family gatherings often include our distant cousins.
'Éloignées' (distant) modifying 'cousines'.
Ma cousine, une fervente défenseure des droits des animaux, s'est engagée dans une nouvelle association.
My cousin, a fervent defender of animal rights, has joined a new association.
Appositive phrase describing the cousin's passion.
Les liens familiaux, tels que ceux qui unissent des cousines, sont souvent mis à l'épreuve par la distance géographique.
Family ties, such as those that unite cousins, are often tested by geographical distance.
Abstract concepts and complex sentence structure.
Elle a toujours admiré la perspicacité de sa cousine dans le domaine des affaires.
She has always admired her cousin's insight in the business world.
Sophisticated vocabulary like 'perspicacité' (insight).
Malgré leurs différends passés, ma cousine et moi avons réussi à rétablir une relation harmonieuse.
Despite their past disagreements, my cousin and I managed to re-establish a harmonious relationship.
Complex conjunctions and nuanced vocabulary.
Sa cousine, reconnue pour son érudition, a publié un article de référence sur l'histoire médiévale.
His/Her cousin, recognized for her erudition, has published a seminal article on medieval history.
Advanced vocabulary and formal tone.
Les fêtes de fin d'année sont l'occasion idéale pour renouer avec les membres de sa famille, y compris les cousines que l'on voit rarement.
End-of-year holidays are the ideal occasion to reconnect with family members, including cousins one rarely sees.
Idiomatic expressions and complex sentence construction.
Elle a hérité d'une vieille demeure de sa défunte cousine.
She inherited an old mansion from her late cousin.
Vocabulary related to inheritance and death.
Leur complicité enfantine, bien qu'atténuée par l'âge, subsiste entre les deux cousines.
Their childhood complicity, though diminished by age, still exists between the two cousins.
Abstract concepts and sophisticated phrasing.
Ma cousine, dont l'éloquence n'est plus à démontrer, a prononcé un discours mémorable lors de la cérémonie.
My cousin, whose eloquence is undeniable, delivered a memorable speech at the ceremony.
Use of 'dont' and sophisticated vocabulary.
Les ramifications de l'arbre généalogique révèlent des liens complexes entre les diverses branches familiales, y compris les cousines issues de plusieurs générations.
The ramifications of the family tree reveal complex links between the various family branches, including cousins from several generations.
Highly specialized vocabulary and complex sentence structure.
Elle a toujours été une source d'inspiration inépuisable pour sa cousine, tant sur le plan personnel que professionnel.
She has always been an inexhaustible source of inspiration for her cousin, both personally and professionally.
Figurative language and abstract concepts.
La transmission intergénérationnelle des valeurs familiales se manifeste souvent à travers des figures comme la cousine aînée, gardienne des traditions.
The intergenerational transmission of family values often manifests through figures like the elder cousin, a guardian of traditions.
Academic and sociological terminology.
Ma cousine, d'une sagacité remarquable, a su anticiper les fluctuations du marché et réaliser un investissement judicieux.
My cousin, with remarkable sagacity, managed to anticipate market fluctuations and make a judicious investment.
Advanced vocabulary and complex sentence construction.
Les souvenirs d'enfance partagés avec ma cousine constituent un pan inestimable de mon identité.
The childhood memories shared with my cousin constitute an invaluable part of my identity.
Figurative language and abstract concepts.
Elle a brillamment défendu la thèse de sa cousine lors de leur soutenance doctorale.
She brilliantly defended her cousin's thesis during their doctoral defense.
Academic context and formal language.
La trajectoire professionnelle de sa cousine, jalonnée de succès retentissants, force l'admiration.
Her cousin's professional trajectory, marked by resounding successes, commands admiration.
Figurative language and sophisticated vocabulary.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— My cousin (female). This is the most common way to refer to one's own female cousin.
Ma cousine est venue me rendre visite.
— Your cousin (female). Used when asking about or referring to someone else's female cousin.
Comment va ta cousine ?
— His/Her/Its cousin (female). Used to refer to a female cousin belonging to a third person.
Sa cousine est très talentueuse.
— A cousin (female). Used when introducing a cousin or referring to one of potentially several.
J'ai une cousine qui habite à Paris.
— My cousins (female). Used when referring to more than one female cousin.
Mes cousines et moi adorons voyager.
— First cousin. This is a more specific term for the child of one's aunt or uncle.
Ma cousine germaine est comme une sœur pour moi.
— My father's/mother's cousin. Used to specify the lineage.
La cousine de ma mère vient nous voir.
— To visit one's cousin. A common activity involving family members.
Nous allons rendre visite à notre cousine ce week-end.
— To be cousins. Used to state the familial relationship.
Nous sommes cousins et cousines.
— To talk about one's cousin. A frequent topic in conversations.
Elle parle souvent de sa cousine.
慣用句と表現
— To be related to; to share a connection with. This idiom extends the meaning of cousin to denote a strong similarity or connection, not necessarily biological.
Ce style de musique est cousin de la musique classique.
Figurative— To not be related; to be very different. This idiom highlights a lack of familial connection or fundamental difference, contrasting with the idea of being a cousin.
Nos opinions sont tellement différentes, nous ne sommes pas de la même famille.
Figurative— Cousin-in-law. This refers to the cousin of one's spouse, or the spouse of one's cousin. It's a technical term, not a common idiom.
Mon beau-frère est le cousin par alliance de mon père.
Formal/Technical— This phrase doesn't have a standard idiomatic meaning in French. It would likely be interpreted literally as 'to do the cousin' or 'to act like a cousin'.
N'a pas d'usage idiomatique courant.
N/A— This structure is incomplete and doesn't form a standard idiom. It might be part of a longer sentence expressing a relationship or comparison.
N'a pas d'usage idiomatique courant.
N/A— To feel like a cousin; to feel a sense of belonging or kinship. This idiom emphasizes the feeling of being part of a group or family.
Quand je suis arrivé, tout le monde m'a fait sentir comme un cousin.
Figurative— My father's/mother's cousin. This is a literal description of a familial relationship, not an idiom.
La cousine de ma mère est venue nous rendre visite.
Literal— To have cousins. A straightforward statement of fact.
J'ai la chance d'avoir beaucoup de cousins et cousines.
Literal— Cousins of the world. Used metaphorically to refer to people globally as a large, interconnected family.
Dans l'esprit de solidarité, nous sommes tous les cousins du monde.
Figurative/Poetic— Cousinhood; the state of being cousins. Refers to the collective group of cousins or the relationship among them.
Le cousinage est important dans certaines traditions familiales.
Formal/Sociological語族
名詞
動詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a girl named 'Cynthia' who is your cousin. The 'Cyn' sounds like 'Cousin', and the 'thia' sounds like 'sine'. So, Cynthia is your cousin, your 'cousine'.
視覚的連想
Picture a young girl wearing a dress and a tiara, looking elegant and friendly. Associate her with the word 'cousine'. You could also visualize a family tree with a female branch labeled 'Cousine'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe your own female cousins (if you have any) or imagine having one. Use the word 'cousine' at least five times in your description, focusing on her characteristics or your relationship.
語源
The word 'cousine' originates from the Latin word 'cosina', which itself is derived from 'consobrina'. This Latin term referred to the daughter of a mother's sister (a maternal cousin). Over time, the meaning broadened to encompass any daughter of an aunt or uncle.
元の意味： Daughter of a maternal aunt.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > French文化的な背景
The term 'cousine' itself is neutral. However, discussions about family relationships can sometimes be sensitive, depending on the context and the specific relationships involved. It's generally a positive and common term used in everyday conversation.
In English-speaking cultures, 'cousin' generally refers to both male and female relatives of the same degree. While we might specify 'female cousin' or 'girl cousin' for clarity, the single word 'cousin' covers both. French, however, strictly differentiates with 'cousin' (male) and 'cousine' (female).
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Family gatherings and events (birthdays, holidays, weddings)
- Ma cousine vient.
- C'est la cousine de mon père.
- Nous sommes plusieurs cousines.
Everyday conversations about personal life
- Comment va ta cousine ?
- J'ai parlé à ma cousine.
- Ma cousine habite loin.
Introducing people
- Je te présente ma cousine.
- Voici ma cousine.
Describing family members
- Ma cousine est très drôle.
- Elle est ma cousine germaine.
Talking about childhood or shared memories
- Ma cousine et moi jouions toujours ensemble.
- Nous avons de bons souvenirs avec nos cousines.
会話のきっかけ
"Do you have any cousins you are close with? Tell me about your relationship with your cousin."
"What are some typical family traditions you share with your cousins?"
"Imagine you are introducing your cousin to a new friend. What would you say?"
"What is a funny memory you have with your cousin from childhood?"
"How often do you see your cousins, and what do you usually do together?"
Summary
The French word 'cousine' specifically refers to a female cousin, the daughter of your aunt or uncle. Remember its feminine grammatical gender and plural form 'cousines' for accurate communication about family.
- Cousine: female cousin (daughter of aunt/uncle).
- Grammatical gender: feminine.
- Plural: cousines.
- Essential for family conversations.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
familyの関連語
à charge
B2扶養家族；経済的に支えられている家族の一員を指す。
à deux
A2二人で；ペアまたはカップルとして一緒に。
à domicile
A2自宅で
à jamais
A2Forever, for all time.
à la charge de
B2Dependent on; at the expense of.
à la mémoire de
B2〜の思い出に、〜を記念して。亡くなった人をしのんで使われる正式な表現です。
à la place de
B21. いつもの紅茶の代わりにコーヒーを飲みました。 2. 先生は試験の代わりに追加の課題をくれました。
à l'amiable
B2Amicably, by mutual agreement.
à l'égard de
A2With regard to; concerning.
à l'image de
B2〜に倣って、〜のように。
