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B2 verb 11分で読める

découdre

例文
解説 découdre in your Level:
Even though découdre is an advanced word, you can understand it by looking at its parts. The word coudre means to sew, like making clothes with a needle and thread. When you add the prefix dé at the beginning, it means to undo or reverse the action. So, découdre simply means to unsew or to take out stitches. Imagine you are wearing a shirt, and a button is sewn on wrong. You have to découdre the thread to fix it. At this level, you only need to know this literal meaning. If you visit a tailor in France, this is a word they use. You might say 'Je dois découdre cela' which means 'I must unsew this.' It is a very practical word for clothes and repairs. Remember that the past tense is décousu. If your pants are broken at the seam, you can say 'C'est décousu' meaning 'It is unstitched.' This is a very helpful phrase for everyday life when dealing with clothes.
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At the A2 level, you can start using découdre to talk about past actions and daily problems with clothing. The conjugation is irregular, so you need to practice it. In the present tense, it is je découds, tu découds, il découd. But in the plural, it changes to nous décousons, vous décousez, ils décousent. You can use it to talk about fixing things. For example, if you bought a dress but it is too long, you might need to undo the bottom part. You can say, 'J'ai décousu la robe pour la réparer' (I unsewed the dress to fix it). You will also often use the reflexive form se découdre. When a piece of clothing breaks by itself, you say 'Mon bouton s'est décousu' (My button came unstitched). This is very common when talking about wardrobe accidents. By learning this word, you can better describe what is wrong with your clothes when you go to a shop or talk to a friend.
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Now that you are at the B1 level, it is time to discover the figurative meaning of découdre. While you still use it for sewing, you will often hear the expression 'en découdre' on television or in conversations. This expression means to fight, to argue, or to battle it out. It is used when two people or groups are angry and ready to confront each other. For example, 'Les joueurs veulent en découdre' means 'The players want to battle it out.' Notice that you must always use the pronoun 'en' with this expression. You will hear this a lot in sports when two rival teams play against each other. It shows strong energy and aggression. Additionally, you can use the adjective 'décousu' to describe something that is messy or not logical. If your friend tells a story but jumps from one topic to another, you can say 'Ton histoire est un peu décousue' (Your story is a bit disjointed).
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At the B2 level, your mastery of découdre should include both its literal precision and its figurative power. The expression 'en découdre' is an essential idiom for understanding French media, politics, and sports. When you read a newspaper article about a heated political debate or a tense protest, you will frequently encounter phrases like 'prêts à en découdre avec le gouvernement' (ready to fight it out with the government). It implies a fierce readiness for confrontation, whether physical or verbal. You must also be completely comfortable with the irregular conjugations, especially the subjunctive form 'que je découse' and the imperfect 'je décousais'. Furthermore, the adjective 'décousu' is vital for expressing critical opinions. You can use it to critique a movie, a book, or an argument: 'Le scénario de ce film est totalement décousu' (The script of this movie is totally disjointed). This demonstrates a high level of vocabulary and an ability to use metaphorical language effectively.
For a C1 learner, découdre offers a window into the stylistic richness of the French language. You should be able to employ it seamlessly in complex sentence structures and varied contexts. The metaphorical extension of unsewing to represent social or structural unraveling is a powerful rhetorical device. You might discuss how a new policy threatens to 'découdre le tissu social' (unravel the social fabric), drawing on the textile metaphor to create a vivid image of societal breakdown. In literary analysis or formal critiques, describing a narrative as 'décousu' is standard academic vocabulary, implying a lack of cohesion or logical progression. You should also be aware of the noun form, 'une décousure' (an unstitched seam), though it is less common. Your use of 'en découdre' should be natural and nuanced, recognizing it as a slightly informal but highly expressive idiom suitable for dynamic storytelling and persuasive arguments.
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At the C2 level, your understanding of découdre must be absolute, encompassing its etymological roots, its subtle variations in register, and its potential for creative wordplay. You recognize that the prefix 'dé-' combined with 'coudre' (from the Latin 'consuere') represents a fundamental linguistic pattern in French for reversal. You can exploit the tension between the meticulous, quiet act of unsewing and the aggressive, chaotic nature of 'en découdre'. In advanced discourse, you can use these textile metaphors to discuss complex philosophical or political concepts, such as the unraveling of diplomatic treaties or the deconstruction of traditional narratives. You effortlessly conjugate it across all tenses, including the passé simple ('il décousit') and the imperfect subjunctive ('qu'il décousît'), should the literary context demand it. Your mastery allows you to appreciate the poetic resonance of 'décousu', not just as a flaw in a garment, but as a reflection of fragmented modern thought.
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例文
The French verb découdre is a fascinating word that operates on two distinct but deeply connected levels of meaning, one literal and one figurative, making it an essential vocabulary item for intermediate and advanced learners of the French language. At its most basic, literal level, découdre means to unsew, to undo stitches, or to unstitch a piece of fabric or clothing. This action is common in tailoring, fashion design, and everyday clothing repair. When a garment is torn, or when a seam is incorrectly sewn, one must use a tool, often called a seam ripper or un découd-vite in French, to carefully remove the threads without damaging the surrounding material. This literal usage is highly specific but incredibly useful in contexts related to domestic life, crafts, and the textile industry. However, the word truly comes alive and enters everyday conversational French through its figurative meaning. The expression en découdre is widely used to mean to battle it out, to fight, to have a confrontation, or to argue fiercely. The imagery here is powerful and evocative; just as one might violently tear apart the seams of a garment, two people or groups who are ready to en découdre are prepared to tear into each other, metaphorically speaking. This phrase is heavily favored in sports journalism, political commentary, and descriptions of intense rivalries.
Literal Meaning
To undo the stitches of a sewn item, usually clothing or fabric, carefully removing the thread.

Je dois découdre cet ourlet car il est complètement de travers.

Figurative Meaning
Used primarily in the expression en découdre, meaning to engage in a physical or verbal fight.

Les deux boxeurs sont montés sur le ring, prêts à en découdre.

Après des mois de tensions, les politiciens voulaient en découdre lors du débat télévisé.

Derived Adjective
The past participle décousu is used as an adjective to describe something disjointed or incoherent, like a speech or a thought process.

Son discours était tellement décousu que personne n'a compris son argument principal.

Le tailleur a dû découdre la manche pour la réajuster à la bonne taille.

When learning this word, it is crucial to understand the context. If you are in a tailor shop, you are dealing with threads. If you are watching a football match, you are dealing with aggressive competition. The beauty of the French language lies in these metaphorical extensions, where the physical act of tearing apart a seam translates perfectly into the chaotic energy of a conflict. Mastery of découdre will significantly elevate your comprehension of French media and literature.
Understanding how to use découdre in sentences requires a solid grasp of French verb conjugations, particularly irregular verbs ending in -dre. Because découdre is derived from coudre, it follows the exact same irregular conjugation pattern. In the present tense, it is conjugated as follows: je découds, tu découds, il découd, nous décousons, vous décousez, ils décousent. Notice the shift from the d stem in the singular forms to the s stem in the plural forms. This is a common stumbling block for learners, who might mistakenly say nous découdons instead of the correct nous décousons. The past participle is décousu, which is used with the auxiliary verb avoir to form the passé composé, as in j'ai décousu.
Present Tense
Used for actions happening right now, whether literal sewing or expressing readiness to fight.

Je découds ce vieux pantalon pour récupérer le tissu.

Past Tense (Passé Composé)
Used for completed actions in the past. The past participle décousu is essential here.

Le couturier a décousu la robe parce que la cliente a changé d'avis.

Les manifestants ont montré qu'ils étaient prêts à en découdre avec les forces de l'ordre.

Future Tense
Formed by adding future endings to the infinitive minus the final e: je découdrai.

Demain, je découdrai les rideaux pour les laver correctement.

Si tu continues à le provoquer, il va vouloir en découdre.

The grammatical versatility of this verb allows it to be used in various complex sentence structures. For instance, the reflexive form se découdre is used when something comes unstitched by itself, as in Mon bouton s'est décousu (My button came unstitched). This reflexive usage is incredibly common in daily life when dealing with wardrobe malfunctions. Furthermore, the adjective décousu can be used to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies, for example, des idées décousues (disjointed ideas). Mastering these sentence patterns will ensure you sound natural and fluent when discussing both literal sewing tasks and metaphorical battles.
The contexts in which you will encounter the verb découdre are as varied as its meanings, spanning from the quiet, meticulous environment of a tailor's workshop to the loud, chaotic atmosphere of a sports stadium. If you are interested in fashion, sewing, or sustainable clothing practices like upcycling, you will hear the literal meaning frequently. Sewing tutorials on French YouTube channels often instruct viewers to découdre a seam when a mistake is made. In these practical, instructional settings, the word is indispensable. However, for the average person who does not sew, the figurative expression en découdre is far more common. You will hear it constantly in sports broadcasting. When two rival football teams step onto the pitch for a highly anticipated derby, the commentator will almost certainly describe them as being prêts à en découdre.
Sports Commentary
A staple phrase to describe athletes' aggressive readiness before a major competition.

L'équipe adverse est sur le terrain, visiblement prête à en découdre pour remporter la coupe.

Political Debates
Journalists use it to describe politicians who are eager to argue aggressively with their opponents.

Le candidat de l'opposition est arrivé sur le plateau télévisé, prêt à en découdre sur la question des impôts.

Ma grand-mère m'a appris à découdre les vieux vêtements pour réutiliser les boutons.

Literary and Critical Reviews
Critics frequently use the adjective form to criticize poorly constructed narratives.

Le critique littéraire a qualifié le roman de décousu et sans véritable intrigue.

Ne tire pas sur ce fil, tu vas découdre tout le pull !

Beyond these formal contexts, you will find it in literature, where authors might use the metaphor of unsewing to describe the unraveling of a society, a relationship, or a mystery. The phrase détricoter (to unknit) is sometimes used similarly in political contexts to mean undoing laws or policies, showing how deeply textile metaphors are woven into the French language. By paying attention to the news, reading French articles, or simply watching a tailor at work, you will quickly realize how versatile and omnipresent this vocabulary word truly is.
When learning the verb découdre, English speakers tend to make several predictable mistakes, primarily concerning conjugation, preposition usage, and contextual appropriateness. The most glaring error involves the plural conjugations in the present tense. Because the singular forms end in a silent d (je découds, tu découds, il découd), learners naturally assume the stem remains unchanged, leading to the incorrect form nous découdons. The correct form is nous décousons, utilizing an s stem. This same mistake often spills over into the imperfect tense, where learners might write je découdais instead of the correct je décousais. Another significant area of confusion is the figurative expression en découdre. Learners often forget the pronoun en, saying simply ils veulent découdre to mean they want to fight. To a native French speaker, this sounds absurd, as if the people want to randomly unsew some clothing. The en is non-negotiable for the figurative meaning.
Conjugation Errors
Failing to change the d to an s in plural forms and imperfect tenses.

Incorrect: Nous découdons. Correct: Nous décousons la nappe.

Forgetting the Pronoun 'en'
Omitting the crucial pronoun when trying to express the idea of fighting or arguing.

Incorrect: Il veut découdre avec toi. Correct: Il veut en découdre avec toi.

Fais attention à ne pas découdre la doublure du manteau par accident.

Confusing with Découvrir
Due to visual similarity, learners sometimes confuse découdre (to unsew) with découvrir (to discover).

J'ai trouvé un fil lâche et j'ai commencé à le découdre.

Leur argumentation était tellement décousue que le juge a rejeté la plainte.

Furthermore, learners sometimes misuse the adjective décousu. It should only be applied to abstract concepts like speech, writing, or thoughts to mean disjointed. Applying it to a physical object like a road or a schedule to mean messy is incorrect. By being mindful of the plural conjugations, the mandatory en for the figurative sense, and the specific applications of the adjective, you can avoid these pitfalls and use découdre with the precision of a native speaker.
Expanding your vocabulary means not only learning a specific word but also understanding its synonyms and knowing when to use alternatives. For the literal meaning of découdre (to unsew), there are several related terms. Défaire (to undo) is a broader, more generic alternative that can apply to shoelaces, knots, or even abstract plans. While you can défaire une couture (undo a seam), découdre is more precise and professional. Détacher (to detach or untie) is another option, though it implies separating two things rather than removing stitches. If the action is violent or careless, you might use arracher (to tear off or rip out), which lacks the careful precision implied by découdre. When it comes to the figurative meaning, en découdre (to fight), the French language offers a rich tapestry of alternatives depending on the register.
Literal Alternatives
Words like défaire or détacher can be used, though they lack the specific sewing context.

Au lieu de couper le tissu, il vaut mieux le découdre proprement.

Figurative Alternatives (Fighting)
Se battre (to fight), s'affronter (to confront each other), or the more colloquial se bagarrer.

Les manifestants refusaient de reculer, ils étaient là pour en découdre.

Si tu cherches à en découdre, tu as trouvé la mauvaise personne.

Alternatives for Décousu (Disjointed)
Incohérent, confus, or désordonné are excellent substitutes when describing speech or thoughts.

Son explication était tellement décousue que j'ai dû demander des clarifications.

Il a fallu des heures pour découdre cette broderie complexe sans abîmer la soie.

Understanding these nuances allows you to choose exactly the right word for the situation. If you are writing a formal essay, incohérent might be better than décousu, though the latter adds a nice stylistic flair. If you are translating a sports article, en découdre captures the energetic anticipation of a match much better than a simple se battre. By mapping out these synonyms and alternatives, you build a more robust and flexible vocabulary network, enabling you to express subtle shades of meaning with confidence and fluency in French.
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レベル別の例文

1

Je dois découdre ce bouton.

I must unsew this button.

Present tense with modal verb devoir.

2

Il va découdre le pantalon.

He is going to unsew the pants.

Futur proche (aller + infinitive).

3

Peux-tu découdre cela ?

Can you unsew that?

Inversion for a question in the present tense.

4

C'est difficile de découdre.

It is difficult to unsew.

Impersonal expression 'c'est' + adjective + 'de' + infinitive.

5

Elle veut découdre la robe.

She wants to unsew the dress.

Present tense with modal verb vouloir.

6

Ne pas découdre ça.

Do not unsew that.

Negative infinitive command.

7

Je sais découdre.

I know how to unsew.

Savoir + infinitive to express ability.

8

Le fil est à découdre.

The thread is to be unsewn.

Preposition 'à' indicating purpose.

1

J'ai décousu ma chemise hier.

I unsewed my shirt yesterday.

Passé composé with auxiliary avoir.

2

Mon bouton s'est décousu.

My button came unstitched.

Reflexive verb in the passé composé with être.

3

Nous décousons les vieux vêtements.

We are unsewing the old clothes.

First person plural present tense (irregular 's' stem).

4

Il a fallu découdre la manche.

It was necessary to unsew the sleeve.

Past tense of the impersonal verb falloir.

5

Pourquoi as-tu décousu cela ?

Why did you unsew that?

Question in the passé composé.

6

Elle découd l'ourlet de la jupe.

She is unsewing the hem of the skirt.

Third person singular present tense.

7

Les poches se sont décousues.

The pockets came unstitched.

Reflexive past tense with feminine plural agreement.

8

Je vais tout découdre.

I am going to unsew everything.

Futur proche with a pronoun.

1

Les deux équipes veulent en découdre.

The two teams want to battle it out.

Figurative expression 'en découdre' with vouloir.

2

Son discours était un peu décousu.

His speech was a bit disjointed.

Adjective 'décousu' used figuratively.

3

Si tu te trompes, il faudra découdre.

If you make a mistake, you will have to unsew.

Future tense of falloir in a conditional sentence.

4

Ils étaient prêts à en découdre.

They were ready to fight it out.

Expression with 'prêt à' + infinitive.

5

Je décousais la nappe quand tu as appelé.

I was unsewing the tablecloth when you called.

Imperfect tense for an ongoing past action.

6

Le boxeur a hâte d'en découdre.

The boxer is eager to battle it out.

Expression 'avoir hâte de' + infinitive.

7

C'est une histoire très décousue.

It is a very disjointed story.

Feminine singular agreement of the adjective.

8

Nous n'avons pas envie d'en découdre.

We don't want to fight.

Negative expression with 'avoir envie de'.

1

Malgré la fatigue, ils voulaient en découdre jusqu'au bout.

Despite the fatigue, they wanted to fight it out until the end.

Imperfect tense of vouloir with the figurative expression.

2

Le tailleur a dû découdre minutieusement chaque perle de la robe.

The tailor had to meticulously unsew every pearl from the dress.

Passé composé of devoir followed by an adverb and infinitive.

3

Leur argumentation s'est révélée complètement décousue lors du débat.

Their argument turned out to be completely disjointed during the debate.

Reflexive verb 'se révéler' with figurative adjective agreement.

4

Il est clair qu'ils sont venus pour en découdre avec la direction.

It is clear that they came to battle it out with the management.

Passé composé of venir with 'pour' indicating purpose.

5

Je crains que cette couture ne se découse au premier lavage.

I fear that this seam might come unstitched in the first wash.

Subjunctive mood triggered by 'craindre que'.

6

Avant d'en découdre, les adversaires se sont jaugés du regard.

Before fighting it out, the opponents sized each other up.

'Avant de' + infinitive construct.

7

Elle a passé la soirée à découdre les erreurs de l'apprenti.

She spent the evening unsewing the apprentice's mistakes.

Expression 'passer du temps à' + infinitive.

8

La manifestation a dégénéré quand certains ont voulu en découdre.

The protest escalated when some wanted to battle it out.

Complex sentence with passé composé.

1

Le réalisateur nous a livré un film au scénario particulièrement décousu.

The director delivered a film with a particularly disjointed script.

Advanced figurative use of the adjective in an indirect object structure.

2

Il suffirait d'une étincell

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