extrait 30秒で
- An 'extrait' is a selected portion from a larger whole.
- Used for books, movies, music, and official documents.
- It signifies a snippet, not the complete item.
- Remember it's a masculine noun.
The French word extrait, a masculine noun, refers to a segment or portion taken from a larger whole. Think of it as a snippet, a sample, or a quotation. It's most commonly used when talking about parts of written works, audiovisual productions, or even musical pieces. For instance, an extrait de livre is an excerpt from a book, an extrait de film is a clip from a movie, and an extrait de chanson is a part of a song. The idea is that you're not presenting the entire original work, but rather a selected piece of it for a specific purpose, such as analysis, demonstration, or simple enjoyment.
In academic settings, you might be asked to analyze an extrait d'un article scientifique, which is an excerpt from a scientific article. This could be a specific paragraph, a section, or even a single sentence that holds particular importance for the discussion. Similarly, in a literary context, a critic might quote an extrait d'un poème to illustrate a particular theme or stylistic element. The word emphasizes the idea of selection and extraction – something has been drawn out from a larger body of content.
Beyond literary and artistic contexts, 'extrait' can also be used in more practical, everyday situations. For example, an extrait de naissance is an official document that serves as proof of birth, a sort of certified snippet of your birth record. An extrait de compte bancaire is a bank statement or an excerpt from your bank account history. In these cases, the 'extrait' is a specific, often official, piece of information taken from a larger record or document. It's a versatile word that signifies a part taken from a whole, whether that whole is a creative work, an official record, or a body of information. The key is that it's not the complete item, but a representative or significant portion thereof.
- Literary Excerpt
- An extrait de roman might be used to give readers a taste of the author's writing style.
- Musical Snippet
- The radio played a short extrait of the new hit song.
- Official Document
- You need an extrait de casier judiciaire to apply for certain jobs.
Lors de notre étude, nous avons analysé un extrait particulièrement poignant du journal de guerre.
Using extrait correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that denotes a portion of something larger. The context will usually make it clear what the original whole is. Common prepositions that accompany extrait include 'de' (of/from) to link it to the source material. For instance, 'un extrait de roman' means 'an excerpt from a novel'.
In academic or literary discussions, you might see sentences like: 'L'enseignant a lu un extrait de 'Les Misérables' pour illustrer la misère sociale.' (The teacher read an excerpt from 'Les Misérables' to illustrate social poverty.) Here, 'extrait' is the direct object, and 'de 'Les Misérables'' specifies the source. When referring to official documents, the structure is similar: 'J'ai besoin d'un extrait de mon acte de naissance.' (I need an excerpt from my birth certificate.)
For audiovisual content, you might hear: 'Le critique a diffusé un court extrait du documentaire pour donner un aperçu.' (The critic broadcast a short clip of the documentary to give an overview.) In this case, 'extrait' is again the direct object, followed by 'du documentaire' (of the documentary, contraction of de + le).
When discussing music, it's often 'un extrait musical' or 'un extrait de la chanson'. For example: 'Le DJ a joué un extrait entraînant pour faire danser la foule.' (The DJ played an energetic snippet to get the crowd dancing.) The use of 'un' or 'une' before extrait depends on the gender of the noun it modifies, but extrait itself is masculine. Pay attention to the articles and prepositions that follow to ensure natural-sounding French.
Consider these variations: 'Cet extrait de discours a été très critiqué.' (This excerpt from the speech was heavily criticized.) Here, 'extrait' is the subject of the sentence. 'Pouvez-vous me donner un extrait de ce rapport ?' (Can you give me an excerpt from this report?) is a request, with 'extrait' as the direct object.
- Literary Context
- On peut trouver un extrait intéressant de ce roman sur le site de l'éditeur.
- Official Document Context
- Pour s'inscrire, il faut fournir un extrait de casier judiciaire récent.
- Media Context
- Le film commence par un extrait d'une conférence historique.
Le professeur a partagé un extrait de la pièce de théâtre pour expliquer le caractère des personnages.
You'll encounter the word extrait in a variety of everyday and formal settings in French-speaking countries. One of the most common places is in media and entertainment. When a movie trailer is shown, it's often referred to as an extrait de film. Similarly, radio stations frequently play short extraits de chansons to promote new music or to highlight popular tracks. News programs might show an extrait d'une interview or an extrait d'un discours politique to give viewers a taste of what was said.
In educational institutions, teachers and professors frequently use extrait when referring to parts of texts. You might hear: 'Lisez cet extrait du chapitre trois' (Read this excerpt from chapter three) or 'Nous allons discuter de cet extrait de poésie' (We are going to discuss this poetry excerpt). Textbooks themselves are often structured with various extraits from different authors and historical periods.
Official administrative contexts are another significant area where extrait is used. Official documents like birth certificates, marriage certificates, and criminal records often have specific forms called 'extrait'. For example, an extrait de naissance is a certified copy or abstract of your birth record, often used for legal or administrative purposes. Similarly, an extrait de casier judiciaire (criminal record extract) is a standard document required for many job applications or immigration processes. When you open your bank account, you might receive an extrait de compte, which is a summary or statement of your account activity.
In literature and publishing, publishers might release an extrait of a new book online or in magazines to entice readers. Literary critics analyze extraits to discuss themes, style, and character development. Even in casual conversation, if someone is discussing a book they're reading, they might say, 'J'ai lu un extrait très intéressant hier soir' (I read a very interesting excerpt last night).
The word is also used in technical or scientific contexts. For instance, a researcher might refer to an extrait d'une expérience or an extrait d'une base de données, meaning a specific selection of data or results. It's a versatile term that signifies a piece taken from a larger whole, making it a fundamental vocabulary item for anyone engaging with French culture or language.
- Media Promotion
- Radio stations often play a short extrait of a new song before its official release.
- Legal Documentation
- You will need an extrait de naissance to prove your identity for official matters.
- Academic Analysis
- The literature class focused on analyzing a specific extrait of the novel.
Le critique musical a partagé un extrait du concert pour donner une idée de l'ambiance.
One common pitfall for English speakers learning French is confusing extrait with related but distinct concepts. For instance, using extrait when you mean the entire work is incorrect. Extrait inherently implies a portion, not the whole. If you're talking about a full book, movie, or song, you would use words like 'livre', 'film', or 'chanson' respectively.
Another potential error is misinterpreting its grammatical gender. Extrait is a masculine noun, so it always takes masculine articles and adjectives. For example, you would say 'un extrait' (a masculine excerpt), not 'une extrait'. This applies when it's used as the subject or direct object of a sentence.
Some learners might also struggle with the prepositions used with extrait. While 'de' is the most common, indicating 'of' or 'from', it can sometimes be confused with other prepositions. For example, saying 'un extrait pour un livre' (an excerpt for a book) might sound odd; 'un extrait de livre' (an excerpt from a book) is the standard and correct phrasing.
Furthermore, learners might overlook the official or administrative uses of extrait. They might think of it only in literary terms and miss its significance in contexts like 'extrait de naissance' or 'extrait de compte'. Recognizing these different domains of usage is crucial for mastering the word. For instance, asking for 'un morceau de naissance' instead of 'un extrait de naissance' would be completely incorrect in an administrative setting.
Finally, pronunciation can be a barrier. The final 't' in extrait is generally pronounced, unlike many other French words ending in 't'. Practicing the pronunciation with native speakers or using pronunciation guides can help avoid this error. Ensure you're not dropping the final consonant sound, as it's a key part of the word's sound.
- Gender Agreement
- Mistake: Using 'une' with extrait. Correct: Always use 'un' (e.g., 'un extrait').
- Meaning of Whole vs. Part
- Mistake: Using extrait to refer to an entire book or song. Correct: Use extrait only for a portion or segment.
- Preposition Usage
- Mistake: Using 'pour' instead of 'de' (e.g., 'un extrait pour le livre'). Correct: 'un extrait de livre'.
Incorrect: J'ai lu une extrait de la pièce. Correct: J'ai lu un extrait de la pièce.
While extrait is a common and versatile word, several other French words can be used depending on the specific nuance and context. One close synonym is fragment, which also refers to a piece or part of something. However, fragment often carries a stronger connotation of being broken, incomplete, or even damaged. For example, 'un fragment de poterie' would mean a pottery shard. While you *could* technically refer to a literary excerpt as a fragment, extrait is generally preferred as it sounds more intentional and less accidental.
Another related term is passage. This word is very similar to extrait, especially in literary contexts. 'Un passage d'un livre' is virtually interchangeable with 'un extrait de livre'. The choice between them might depend on personal preference or regional usage. However, passage can also refer to a journey or a period of time, which extrait does not.
For audiovisual content, 'clip' is often used, especially in informal contexts or when referring to short, often promotional, segments of a video. 'Un clip vidéo' is very common. While an extrait de film is perfectly correct, 'clip' might be used for something more dynamic or attention-grabbing.
In more formal or academic settings, especially when quoting directly, 'citation' is used. A citation is a direct quote from a source, often presented within quotation marks. While an extrait can contain multiple citations, a citation itself is a specific instance of quoting. For example, 'La citation de Victor Hugo était très pertinente.' (The quote by Victor Hugo was very relevant.)
When referring to official documents, alternatives to extrait are less common, as extrait is the standard term for specific official certifications or abstracts. However, one might use 'copie' (copy) or 'relevé' (statement), depending on the exact nature of the document. For instance, 'un extrait de compte' is a bank statement, and 'relevé bancaire' is also used and means the same thing. 'Relevé' is more general for a listing of items or data.
In summary, while fragment, passage, clip, and citation can sometimes overlap in meaning, extrait remains the most general and widely applicable term for a selected portion of a larger work or document, particularly in formal, administrative, and literary contexts.
- Fragment vs. Extrait
- Fragment often implies something broken or incomplete, whereas extrait suggests a deliberate selection from a whole.
- Passage vs. Extrait
- Passage is very similar to extrait in literary contexts, but passage can also refer to a journey or time period.
- Clip vs. Extrait
- Clip is often used for short, dynamic segments of videos, especially in informal media contexts.
- Citation vs. Extrait
- A citation is a direct quote, whereas an extrait is a broader term for a selected part which may or may not be a direct quote.
- Relevé vs. Extrait (Documents)
- While extrait is specific for official documents like birth certificates, relevé is more general for statements or lists, such as a bank statement (relevé bancaire or extrait de compte).
Le critique a loué ce passage émouvant du roman, un extrait qui restera gravé dans les mémoires.
How Formal Is It?
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豆知識
The concept of 'extracting' something, whether it's information, a substance, or a physical object, has been fundamental to human activity for centuries. The word's journey from Latin reflects this enduring need to isolate and utilize specific components from a larger whole. The related English word 'extract' shares the same Latin root, highlighting the shared linguistic heritage.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'x' as 'z' or omitting it.
- Not pronouncing the final 't'.
- Using an English 'r' sound instead of the French guttural 'r'.
難易度
Recognizing 'extrait' in reading is relatively straightforward, especially when context clues like 'de livre' or 'de film' are present. Its meaning is generally consistent.
Using 'extrait' correctly in writing requires attention to its masculine gender and appropriate prepositions. Differentiating it from similar words like 'fragment' or 'passage' is also key.
Pronunciation, particularly the final 't', needs practice. Using it naturally in conversation depends on understanding its various contexts and avoiding confusion with synonyms.
Understanding 'extrait' in spoken French is usually easy due to context, but clear pronunciation from the speaker helps significantly.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
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知っておくべき文法
Masculine Noun Agreement
Un extrait intéressant. (An interesting excerpt.) The adjective 'intéressant' agrees with the masculine noun 'extrait'.
Preposition 'de' with Nouns
Un extrait de livre. (An excerpt from a book.) The preposition 'de' is used to show origin or belonging.
Articles with Nouns
L'extrait du journal. (The excerpt from the newspaper.) The definite article 'l'' is used because 'extrait' starts with a vowel sound.
Past Participle as Noun
Le mot 'extrait' est le participe passé du verbe 'extraire' utilisé comme nom.
Using 'cet' before Masculine Nouns starting with a Vowel Sound
Cet extrait de musique est magnifique. (This music excerpt is magnificent.)
レベル別の例文
C'est un extrait.
It's an excerpt.
Basic usage of 'un extrait'.
Un extrait de livre.
An excerpt from a book.
Using 'de' to indicate origin.
J'aime cet extrait.
I like this excerpt.
'Cet' used before a masculine noun starting with a vowel sound.
Un petit extrait.
A small excerpt.
Adjective 'petit' modifying 'extrait'.
Extrait de musique.
Music excerpt.
Common phrase for a music snippet.
Un extrait de film.
A movie excerpt.
Specific type of excerpt.
Lisez cet extrait.
Read this excerpt.
Imperative form of 'lire'.
C'est un bon extrait.
It's a good excerpt.
Adjective 'bon' agreeing with masculine 'extrait'.
Le professeur a lu un extrait intéressant de la nouvelle.
The teacher read an interesting excerpt from the short story.
'Intéressant' agrees with masculine 'extrait'.
J'ai trouvé un extrait de poème qui me plaît beaucoup.
I found an excerpt of a poem that I really like.
'Qui me plaît beaucoup' adds detail.
Pouvez-vous me montrer cet extrait du journal ?
Can you show me this excerpt from the newspaper?
Question using 'pouvez-vous'.
Ce court extrait de chanson passe à la radio.
This short song excerpt is playing on the radio.
'Court' agrees with masculine 'extrait'.
Nous avons besoin d'un extrait de mon acte de naissance.
We need an excerpt from my birth certificate.
'Acte de naissance' is a common official document.
L'article contient un extrait de la conversation.
The article contains an excerpt from the conversation.
'Contient' means 'contains'.
Elle a cité un extrait célèbre du film.
She quoted a famous excerpt from the movie.
'Cité' means 'quoted'.
Un extrait de compte bancaire est nécessaire.
A bank account excerpt is necessary.
'Bancaire' relates to the bank.
Les critiques ont salué la qualité de cet extrait de roman.
The critics praised the quality of this excerpt from the novel.
'Saluer' means to praise or greet.
Elle a utilisé un extrait de discours pour appuyer son argument.
She used an excerpt from a speech to support her argument.
'Appuyer son argument' means to support one's argument.
Le réalisateur a inclus un extrait de ses œuvres précédentes dans le nouveau film.
The director included an excerpt from his previous works in the new film.
'Œuvres précédentes' refers to previous works.
Pour obtenir ce document officiel, vous devez fournir un extrait de casier judiciaire.
To obtain this official document, you must provide an extract of your criminal record.
'Casier judiciaire' is criminal record.
Cet extrait de musique est particulièrement entraînant et donne envie de danser.
This music excerpt is particularly catchy and makes one want to dance.
'Entraînant' means catchy or lively.
La conférence présentait un extrait d'une étude scientifique récente.
The conference presented an excerpt from a recent scientific study.
'Étude scientifique' means scientific study.
L'édition spéciale inclut un extrait inédit de l'auteur.
The special edition includes an unpublished excerpt from the author.
'Inédit' means unpublished.
Il est possible de demander un extrait k, qui est une version abrégée de l'acte de naissance.
It is possible to request an 'extrait k', which is an abridged version of the birth certificate.
Specific official document type.
L'analyse de cet extrait de texte révèle des subtilités linguistiques remarquables.
The analysis of this text excerpt reveals remarkable linguistic subtleties.
'Révèle' means reveals, 'subtilités linguistiques' refers to linguistic subtleties.
Les organisateurs ont décidé de diffuser un court extrait du spectacle avant sa première officielle.
The organizers decided to broadcast a short excerpt from the show before its official premiere.
'Diffuser' means to broadcast, 'première officielle' is official premiere.
Ce document juridique est un extrait certifié conforme de l'acte original.
This legal document is a certified true copy excerpt of the original act.
'Certifié conforme' means certified true copy.
Il a fallu consulter un extrait du registre foncier pour vérifier la propriété.
It was necessary to consult an excerpt from the land register to verify ownership.
'Registre foncier' is land register, 'propriété' is ownership.
L'artiste a sélectionné un extrait particulièrement évocateur de son dernier album pour la promotion.
The artist selected a particularly evocative excerpt from his latest album for promotion.
'Évocateur' means evocative, 'dernier album' is latest album.
Dans le cadre de l'examen, on nous a demandé d'interpréter un extrait d'une œuvre philosophique complexe.
As part of the exam, we were asked to interpret an excerpt from a complex philosophical work.
'Interpréter' means to interpret, 'œuvre philosophique' is philosophical work.
Le musée expose un extrait de manuscrit médiéval, témoignant de l'art calligraphique de l'époque.
The museum exhibits an excerpt from a medieval manuscript, testifying to the calligraphic art of the era.
'Manuscrits médiéval' is medieval manuscript, 'art calligraphique' is calligraphic art.
Le rapport financier comprenait un extrait des transactions les plus significatives de l'année.
The financial report included an excerpt of the most significant transactions of the year.
'Transactions' means transactions, 'significatives' means significant.
L'analyse comparative de ces deux extraits littéraires met en lumière des divergences stylistiques profondes.
The comparative analysis of these two literary excerpts highlights deep stylistic divergences.
'Divergences stylistiques' refers to stylistic divergences.
Le document contient un extrait de la convention collective qui régit les conditions de travail.
The document contains an excerpt from the collective agreement that governs working conditions.
'Convention collective' is collective agreement, 'conditions de travail' are working conditions.
Nous avons extrait un passage particulièrement pertinent de l'étude pour notre présentation.
We extracted a particularly relevant passage from the study for our presentation.
'Pertinent' means relevant.
La pièce de théâtre se termine par un monologue poignant, un extrait qui laisse le public sans voix.
The play ends with a poignant monologue, an excerpt that leaves the audience speechless.
'Monologue poignant' means poignant monologue.
Le législateur a dû clarifier un extrait ambigu de la loi pour éviter toute interprétation erronée.
The legislator had to clarify an ambiguous excerpt from the law to avoid any misinterpretation.
'Ambigu' means ambiguous, 'interprétation erronée' is misinterpretation.
Cet extrait de musique électronique incorpore des rythmes syncopés et des textures sonores innovantes.
This electronic music excerpt incorporates syncopated rhythms and innovative sound textures.
'Rythmes syncopés' are syncopated rhythms, 'textures sonores innovantes' are innovative sound textures.
La thèse s'appuie sur un extrait conséquent de données historiques analysées statistiquement.
The thesis relies on a substantial excerpt of statistically analyzed historical data.
'Conséquent' means substantial, 'données historiques' are historical data.
Le site web propose un extrait interactif de la nouvelle application pour en démontrer les fonctionnalités.
The website offers an interactive excerpt of the new application to demonstrate its functionalities.
'Fonctionnalités' means functionalities.
L'érudition de l'auteur transparaît dans le choix méticuleux de chaque extrait qu'il cite.
The author's erudition shines through in the meticulous choice of each excerpt he quotes.
'Erudition' refers to deep knowledge, 'méticuleux' means meticulous.
Ce traité diplomatique comporte un extrait référençant des accords antérieurs et leurs implications.
This diplomatic treaty includes an excerpt referencing prior agreements and their implications.
'Traité diplomatique' is diplomatic treaty, 'accords antérieurs' are prior agreements.
L'interprétation de cet extrait dramatique exige une compréhension profonde du contexte socio-historique.
The interpretation of this dramatic excerpt requires a deep understanding of the socio-historical context.
'Contexte socio-historique' is socio-historical context.
Le critique a déploré l'omission de certains passages cruciaux, rendant l'extrait moins représentatif.
The critic lamented the omission of certain crucial passages, making the excerpt less representative.
'Déploré' means lamented, 'omission' is omission.
La juxtaposition de ces deux extraits musicaux, bien que dissonants, crée une tension narrative fascinante.
The juxtaposition of these two musical excerpts, though dissonant, creates a fascinating narrative tension.
'Juxtaposition' means juxtaposition, 'dissonants' means dissonant.
Il est impératif de consulter l'extrait original du brevet pour toute procédure de contrefaçon.
It is imperative to consult the original patent excerpt for any infringement proceedings.
'Brevet' is patent, 'contrefaçon' is infringement.
La richesse lexicale de cet extrait de la littérature baroque est stupéfiante.
The lexical richness of this excerpt from Baroque literature is astounding.
'Richesse lexicale' is lexical richness, 'littérature baroque' is Baroque literature.
Le jury a examiné minutieusement chaque extrait de candidature avant de prendre sa décision.
The jury meticulously examined each application excerpt before making its decision.
'Minutieusement' means meticulously, 'candidature' is application.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— A short snippet or segment. This emphasizes the brevity of the selected portion.
Le reportage comprenait un court extrait de l'interview.
— An excerpt that captures attention or is noteworthy. It suggests the content of the excerpt is engaging.
J'ai trouvé un extrait très intéressant dans ce magazine.
— A well-known or famous snippet from a work. This implies the excerpt is widely recognized.
Elle a cité un extrait célèbre de la pièce de Molière.
— An excerpt that is relevant or applicable to a particular discussion or context. It highlights the usefulness of the selection.
Cet extrait du rapport est pertinent pour notre décision.
— A general way to refer to a part of any kind of work (book, film, etc.).
Ce n'est qu'un extrait de l'œuvre complète.
— To read a selected portion of a text. This is a common action associated with excerpts.
Le professeur nous a demandé de lire un extrait à voix haute.
— To examine and interpret a specific portion of a text or work. This is common in academic settings.
Nous allons analyser cet extrait de poésie en classe.
— To extract or take out a piece from a larger whole. This emphasizes the action of selection.
Il a tiré un extrait significatif de la conversation.
— To play a short part of a song or piece of music. Common in radio or DJ contexts.
Le DJ a joué un extrait entraînant pour lancer la soirée.
— To provide a specific document or piece of information, often in an official capacity.
Vous devrez fournir un extrait de votre casier judiciaire.
よく混同される語
'Fragment' often implies something broken or incomplete, whereas 'extrait' is usually a deliberate selection. While they can overlap, 'extrait' is generally preferred for intentional excerpts.
'Passage' is very similar to 'extrait' for texts but can also mean a journey or period of time. 'Extrait' is more specific to a selected portion of content.
'Totalité' means the entirety or the whole. 'Extrait' is explicitly a part, not the whole.
間違えやすい
Both refer to a piece of something larger.
'Extrait' implies a selection from a larger whole, often for demonstration or analysis, and usually implies intent. 'Fragment' often suggests something broken, incomplete, or a piece resulting from damage. For example, an 'extrait de livre' is a chosen section, while a 'fragment de poterie' is a broken piece of pottery.
L'archéologue a trouvé un fragment ancien, tandis que l'écrivain a lu un extrait inspirant.
Both can refer to a section of text.
'Passage' is very similar to 'extrait' when referring to text, but 'passage' also has meanings related to journeys, transitions, or periods of time ('un passage à Paris', 'un passage difficile'). 'Extrait' is more specifically about a piece taken from a larger work.
Nous avons étudié un passage émouvant du roman; c'était un extrait particulièrement bien écrit.
An excerpt can contain quotes.
A 'citation' is a direct quotation from a source, usually within quotation marks. An 'extrait' is a broader term for a selected part of a work, which may or may not consist solely of direct quotes. An 'extrait' could be a paragraph, a scene, or a chapter section, whereas a 'citation' is typically a sentence or phrase.
Cet extrait de discours contenait plusieurs citations marquantes.
Both can refer to a piece of music.
'Morceau' is a general term for 'piece' and is commonly used for a piece of music ('un morceau de musique'). 'Extrait' is more specific when referring to a selected portion of a song or composition, perhaps for promotional purposes or analysis, implying it's taken from a larger work.
Le DJ a joué un morceau entier, puis un extrait de la chanson suivante.
Both can refer to short segments of video.
'Clip' is often used informally for short video segments, especially promotional ones ('un clip vidéo'). 'Extrait de film' is more general and can refer to any selected part of a film, not necessarily promotional. 'Clip' often implies something dynamic or attention-grabbing.
J'ai vu un extrait passionnant du documentaire, et le clip promotionnel était très accrocheur.
文型パターン
Un extrait de [source].
Un extrait de livre.
C'est un extrait [adjective].
C'est un extrait intéressant.
J'ai lu un extrait de [source] dans [place].
J'ai lu un extrait de la nouvelle dans le journal.
Il faut fournir un extrait de [document].
Il faut fournir un extrait de naissance.
Cet extrait de [source] est [adjective].
Cet extrait de film est captivant.
L'analyse de cet extrait de [source] révèle [detail].
L'analyse de cet extrait de texte révèle des thèmes cachés.
Nous avons sélectionné un extrait [adjective] de [source] pour [purpose].
Nous avons sélectionné un extrait pertinent de l'étude pour notre présentation.
La compréhension de cet extrait [adjective] exige une analyse [adjective].
La compréhension de cet extrait littéraire exige une analyse approfondie.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Common.
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Using 'une extrait' instead of 'un extrait'.
→
Un extrait.
The noun 'extrait' is masculine, so it requires the masculine indefinite article 'un'. Always remember its gender.
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Pronouncing the final 't' as silent.
→
Ex-tray (with the 't' pronounced).
In French, the final 't' in 'extrait' is pronounced, unlike in many other French words. Practice this sound to avoid a common pronunciation error.
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Using 'extrait' to refer to an entire work.
→
Use the specific word for the whole (e.g., 'livre', 'film', 'chanson').
'Extrait' specifically means a portion or a segment. If you are talking about the entire work, you must use the word for the whole item, not an excerpt.
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Confusing 'extrait' with 'fragment' when the selection is intentional.
→
Use 'extrait' for deliberate selections.
While both mean 'part', 'extrait' implies a chosen piece, often for analysis or demonstration. 'Fragment' often suggests something broken or incomplete. For literary or media purposes, 'extrait' is usually more appropriate.
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Using 'extrait' when 'citation' is more precise.
→
Use 'citation' for direct quotes.
An 'extrait' can contain quotes, but 'citation' specifically refers to a direct quote. If you are referring only to the quoted words, 'citation' is the more precise term.
ヒント
Masculine Noun Rule
Remember that 'extrait' is a masculine noun. This means it will always be preceded by masculine articles ('un', 'le', 'l'') and take masculine adjectives ('intéressant', 'court', 'pertinent').
Pronounce the 't'
Don't forget to pronounce the final 't' in 'extrait'. This is a common mistake for English speakers, but it's crucial for correct pronunciation in French.
Synonym Awareness
While 'extrait' is versatile, be aware of synonyms like 'fragment', 'passage', 'clip', and 'citation'. Understanding their nuances will help you choose the most precise word for your meaning.
Visual Association
Create a mental image of something being 'extracted' – like pulling a specific paragraph out of a book with tongs. This visual can help you remember the meaning of 'extrait'.
Sentence Building
Practice creating your own sentences using 'extrait' in different contexts. Try to include it in sentences about books, movies, music, and even official documents to solidify your understanding.
Official Document Usage
In French-speaking countries, 'extrait' is very common for official documents like birth certificates ('extrait de naissance'). Recognizing this usage is important for administrative tasks.
Focus on 'Part of a Whole'
The core concept of 'extrait' is 'a part of a whole'. Keep this in mind, and you'll be able to apply it to many different situations.
Regular Review
Periodically review the different contexts and synonyms of 'extrait' to ensure you retain the information and can use the word confidently in various situations.
Active Recall
When you encounter a new French text or audio, actively try to spot instances of 'extrait' and identify what larger whole it is a part of.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine someone carefully 'EX'tracting a small 'TRAIT' (like a line or a feature) from a large drawing. That small line is the 'extrait'. Or, think of a tea 'bag' from which you 'extract' the flavor – the flavorful liquid is the 'extrait'.
視覚的連想
Picture a book with a magnifying glass hovering over a single paragraph, highlighting it. The highlighted paragraph is the 'extrait'. Or, visualize a film reel with one short, significant clip being pulled out.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to find three examples of 'extrait' in French media (news articles, song lyrics, movie descriptions) and write down what each 'extrait' is from.
語源
The word 'extrait' comes from the past participle of the French verb 'extraire', meaning 'to extract' or 'to draw out'. This verb itself originates from the Latin word 'extrahere', which is composed of 'ex-' (out) and 'trahere' (to draw). Therefore, the core meaning of 'extrait' is something that has been drawn out from something else.
元の意味： Something drawn out.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > French文化的な背景
The word 'extrait' is neutral and does not carry any inherent sensitive connotations. Its meaning is purely descriptive of a portion of a larger whole.
In English, we use 'excerpt', 'snippet', 'clip', 'passage', or 'extract' depending on the context. 'Extract' itself is a cognate and shares the same root meaning.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Literary analysis and discussion
- un extrait de roman
- un extrait de poème
- analyser un extrait
- interpréter un extrait
Media and entertainment
- un extrait de film
- un extrait de chanson
- un court extrait
- jouer un extrait
Official and administrative procedures
- un extrait de naissance
- un extrait de compte
- un extrait de casier judiciaire
- fournir un extrait
Academic studies
- un extrait de texte
- un extrait d'article
- étudier un extrait
- un extrait pertinent
Music and performance
- un extrait musical
- un extrait sonore
- un extrait d'opéra
- un extrait d'un concert
会話のきっかけ
"What was the most interesting excerpt you've read recently?"
"Have you ever needed an official 'extrait' for anything?"
"Which movie excerpt always sticks in your mind?"
"Do you prefer reading full books or just interesting excerpts?"
"What's your favorite song excerpt that makes you want to dance?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you encountered a particularly powerful excerpt from a book or article. What made it so impactful?
Imagine you are creating a short film. What kind of 'extrait' would you want to showcase to attract viewers?
Reflect on a time you had to obtain an official 'extrait' (like a birth certificate). What was the process like?
If you could choose any song, what 'extrait' would you use to represent its mood or message?
Write a short story that revolves around the discovery of a hidden or significant 'extrait' from a historical document.
よくある質問
10 問Yes, 'extrait' is always a masculine noun in French. Therefore, you will always use masculine articles and adjectives with it, such as 'un extrait', 'l'extrait', 'cet extrait', 'un extrait intéressant'.
'Extrait' generally refers to a selected portion taken intentionally from a larger whole, often for a specific purpose like analysis or demonstration. 'Fragment', on the other hand, often implies a piece that is broken, incomplete, or damaged. While they can overlap, 'extrait' is usually preferred for deliberate excerpts from works.
Absolutely. 'Extrait' is very commonly used for official documents, signifying a certified abstract or a specific part of a larger record. Examples include 'extrait de naissance' (birth certificate extract) and 'extrait de casier judiciaire' (criminal record extract).
The pronunciation is roughly /ɛk.stʁɛ/. The 'x' sounds like 'ks', the 'tr' is the French 'tr' sound, and the 'ai' sounds like the 'e' in 'bed'. Importantly, the final 't' is pronounced.
In literary contexts, 'extrait' and 'passage' are often interchangeable. However, 'extrait' is more broadly used for parts of films, music, and official documents, whereas 'passage' can also refer to a journey or a period of time. If you are specifically referring to a selected portion of content (text, film, music), 'extrait' is a safe and common choice.
Yes, several English words can translate 'extrait' depending on the context: 'excerpt' (for books, articles), 'clip' (for films, videos), 'snippet' (for music, short pieces of text), 'extract' (which shares the same Latin root and is used broadly), and 'abstract' (for official documents).
No, 'extrait' specifically means a portion or a part of something larger. If you are referring to the entire song, you would use 'chanson' or 'morceau'.
The plural form of 'extrait' is 'extraits'.
No, 'extrait' is primarily used as a masculine noun. The related adjective is 'extractible', meaning extractable.
The verb form is 'extraire', which means 'to extract' or 'to draw out'. 'Extrait' is the past participle of this verb, used as a noun.
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Summary
The word 'extrait' signifies a selected portion or segment taken from a larger whole, whether it's a piece of text, a clip from a movie, a snippet of music, or an official document like a birth certificate. It emphasizes the idea of extraction and selection, meaning you are not presenting the entire original item. For example, 'un extrait de livre' is an excerpt from a book.
- An 'extrait' is a selected portion from a larger whole.
- Used for books, movies, music, and official documents.
- It signifies a snippet, not the complete item.
- Remember it's a masculine noun.
Context is Key
Always consider the context when using 'extrait'. Is it a piece of text, a film clip, a musical snippet, or an official document? This will help you choose the most appropriate accompanying words and understand its specific meaning.
Masculine Noun Rule
Remember that 'extrait' is a masculine noun. This means it will always be preceded by masculine articles ('un', 'le', 'l'') and take masculine adjectives ('intéressant', 'court', 'pertinent').
Pronounce the 't'
Don't forget to pronounce the final 't' in 'extrait'. This is a common mistake for English speakers, but it's crucial for correct pronunciation in French.
Synonym Awareness
While 'extrait' is versatile, be aware of synonyms like 'fragment', 'passage', 'clip', and 'citation'. Understanding their nuances will help you choose the most precise word for your meaning.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
à cause de
A2「〜のせいで」や「〜が原因で」を意味する前置詞句。通常、否定的または中立的な原因を説明する際に使われます。
à côté
A2〜の隣に；〜のそばに。
à côté de
A2Next to, beside.
À droite
A2右へ、または右側に。例：「次の角を右に曲がってください」。
À gauche
A2To the left; on the left side.
à la
A2前置詞「à」と女性定冠詞「la」の組み合わせで、「〜へ」や「〜に」を意味します。
à laquelle
B2To which; at which (feminine singular).
à mesure que
B2〜するにつれて。
abrégé
B1An abstract, summary, or abridgment.
absence
A2The state of being away from a place or person.
