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B2 adjective 9分で読める

institutionnel

例文 institutionnel 30秒で
解説 institutionnel in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'institutionnel' is a very advanced word that you likely won't need for basic survival. However, you can think of it as a word for 'official' things like a school or a big office. It comes from the word 'institution', which is similar to the English word. If you see this word, just know it means something is part of a big, official group. For example, a university is an institution. A big bank is an institution. Anything 'institutionnel' is just related to those big groups. It is formal and serious. At this stage, you don't need to use it, but recognizing the root 'institution' will help you understand that the topic is about something official and organized, not personal or private. You might see it on the website of a French government building or a large museum. It is a 'big' word for 'big' things.
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At the A2 level, you might start seeing 'institutionnel' in short news clips or on official websites. It is an adjective that describes things belonging to large organizations. You should notice that it looks like the English word 'institutional'. Remember the spelling: it ends in -el in French. You can use it to describe things like 'un cadre institutionnel' (an institutional framework) when talking about how a school or a city is organized. It is more formal than 'officiel'. If you are visiting a museum like the Louvre, you might hear about its 'rôle institutionnel' in preserving art. This means its official job as a big, important organization. Even if you don't use it in your daily speaking, being able to identify it in a sentence will help you understand formal announcements or descriptions of public services.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'institutionnel' to describe formal systems. You will likely encounter it when discussing society, politics, or the economy. For example, if you are talking about the European Union, you might mention 'le système institutionnel' to describe how the different parts (the Parliament, the Commission) work together. It is a key word for expressing opinions on how society is structured. You should also be aware of the feminine form, 'institutionnelle', and the plural forms. A common use at this level is 'la communication institutionnelle', which refers to how a company or a government body talks about its mission and values. Using this word instead of just 'officiel' shows that you are developing a more sophisticated vocabulary and can distinguish between a single official act and a whole system of organization.
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At the B2 level, 'institutionnel' is a word you should use with confidence in formal writing and debates. You are expected to understand its nuances in various fields. In finance, you should know 'les investisseurs institutionnels' (large-scale investors). In politics, you should be able to discuss 'une crise institutionnelle' (a crisis within the structure of government). This word allows you to move from concrete descriptions to abstract analysis. You can discuss how 'le soutien institutionnel' is necessary for the success of a social project. You should also be comfortable using it in sociology to discuss things like 'le racisme institutionnel' or 'les barrières institutionnelles', showing you can handle complex social topics. At this level, your agreement of the adjective (masculine/feminine/plural) should be perfect, and you should understand that it always follows the noun it modifies.
At the C1 level, 'institutionnel' becomes a tool for precise academic and professional analysis. You should be able to distinguish it from related terms like 'étatique', 'structurel', or 'organisationnel'. You might use it to critique the 'logique institutionnelle' of a bureaucracy or to analyze the 'stabilité institutionnelle' of a developing nation. You will encounter it in legal texts, high-level political theory, and complex economic reports. You should be able to use it to describe subtle concepts, such as the difference between 'un changement politique' (a change in who is in power) and 'un changement institutionnel' (a change in the rules of power itself). Your ability to use 'institutionnel' in various registers—from a formal speech to a research paper—demonstrates a deep mastery of French formal discourse and an understanding of the systemic nature of modern society.
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At the C2 level, you use 'institutionnel' with the nuance of a native speaker in highly specialized fields. You might discuss 'l'institutionnalisation' (the process of becoming an institution) and its 'effets institutionnels' on social behavior. You are capable of navigating the most complex philosophical or legal debates where this word is used to define the boundaries of the state, the law, and the collective identity. You understand the historical evolution of 'le cadre institutionnel' in France, from the Ancien Régime to the Fifth Republic. Whether you are writing a doctoral thesis or leading a high-level diplomatic meeting, you use 'institutionnel' to denote the profound, underlying structures of human collective life. You can also play with the word's connotations, perhaps using it ironically to describe something that has become too rigid or 'stuffy', while still maintaining the term's inherent weight and authority.
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例文

institutionnel 30秒で

  • Institutionnel is a formal adjective meaning 'institutional', describing things related to large organizations, government structures, or established systems.
  • It always follows the noun and must agree in gender and number (institutionnel, institutionnelle, institutionnels, institutionnelles).
  • Commonly used in contexts like 'communication institutionnelle' (corporate identity) or 'investisseur institutionnel' (large-scale financial entities).
  • It belongs to a high register and is frequently heard in news, law, finance, and academic discussions about society.

The French adjective institutionnel (feminine: institutionnelle) is a high-register term that describes anything relating to an institution—be it a government body, a large organization, or an established system of laws and customs. At its core, it refers to the formal, structured, and often bureaucratic aspects of society. When you use this word, you are moving away from the personal or the informal and entering the realm of the official. It is a cornerstone of political science, law, business, and sociology. For example, in a corporate setting, 'la communication institutionnelle' refers to the way a company presents its identity and values to the public, rather than just selling a specific product. In politics, it refers to the mechanisms of the state.

Political Context
Relating to the established laws, practices, and structures of government. It describes the framework within which power is exercised.
Economic Context
Often used to describe large-scale investors like pension funds or insurance companies (investisseurs institutionnels) who operate with massive capital.
Sociological Context
Pertaining to established social norms and organizations that shape human behavior through rules and rituals.

In everyday French, you won't hear this word at a bakery or a casual bar. It belongs to the news, academic journals, and professional meetings. It carries a weight of authority and stability. When something is described as 'institutionnel', there is an implication that it is permanent, recognized, and part of a larger, legitimate system. It is the opposite of 'sauvage' (unregulated) or 'informel' (informal). Understanding this word is crucial for grasping how French society discusses its own architecture—whether that’s the European Union, the French Republic, or large-scale banking systems. It helps learners navigate complex texts about governance and social structure.

Le cadre institutionnel de la France est défini par la Constitution de 1958.

Furthermore, the word often appears in the plural to describe groups of organizations. 'Les acteurs institutionnels' (institutional actors) might include local governments, chambers of commerce, and state agencies working together on a project. It emphasizes their official role rather than the individuals involved. This abstraction is a key feature of formal French discourse, where the role or the office often takes precedence over the person holding it. By mastering 'institutionnel', you gain the ability to describe the 'bones' of a society or organization.

Les banques centrales sont des acteurs institutionnels majeurs de l'économie mondiale.

Elle a choisi une carrière dans la communication institutionnelle pour représenter des ONG.

Using institutionnel correctly requires an understanding of its placement and agreement. As an adjective, it typically follows the noun it modifies. Because it is a multi-syllabic, formal word, it is almost never placed before the noun. Its primary function is to categorize the noun as belonging to the realm of formal organizations. Whether you are discussing law, finance, or corporate identity, the word serves to elevate the register of your sentence and provide specific technical clarity.

Agreement Rules
Masculine Singular: institutionnel | Feminine Singular: institutionnelle | Masculine Plural: institutionnels | Feminine Plural: institutionnelles.
Placement
Always place it after the noun. 'Un changement institutionnel', not 'un institutionnel changement'.

In the business world, you will frequently encounter the term 'investisseur institutionnel'. This refers to entities like pension funds or insurance companies that invest large sums of money. In this context, 'institutionnel' distinguishes these massive, rule-bound entities from 'investisseurs privés' (private/individual investors). Similarly, 'publicité institutionnelle' is advertising that promotes the image of a company rather than a specific product. It is the 'face' the institution shows to the world.

Le projet a reçu un large soutien institutionnel de la part de la mairie.

In legal and political discussions, 'institutionnel' refers to the constitutional or regulatory framework. A 'crise institutionnelle' occurs when the different branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) are in conflict or when the rules of the state are no longer functioning correctly. This is a very common term in French news when discussing political instability. It suggests that the problem isn't just with one person, but with the very structure of the state itself.

Cette réforme vise à simplifier le paysage institutionnel local.

L'entreprise a lancé une campagne de communication institutionnelle pour améliorer son image de marque.

You will encounter institutionnel in specific, high-level environments. It is a staple of 'Le Journal Télévisé' (the news) on channels like TF1 or France 2, especially during segments on government policy, European Union regulations, or economic shifts. If a journalist is discussing the 'stability' of the country, they will likely mention 'la stabilité institutionnelle'. It is also ubiquitous in the 'Grandes Écoles' and universities, where students of 'Sciences Po' (Political Science) analyze the 'cadre institutionnel' of various nations.

The News (La Presse)
Used to describe government changes, EU directives, and official state visits. 'Un voyage institutionnel' is an official trip made by a representative of the state.
Business & Finance
In the 'Bourse' (Stock Market) sections of newspapers like Les Échos, discussing 'investisseurs institutionnels' (often shortened to 'les zinzins' in very informal financial slang, though 'institutionnel' remains the formal term).

In the world of art and culture, 'institutionnel' can sometimes have a slightly negative or restrictive connotation. An 'artiste institutionnel' might be seen as one who is supported by the state or major museums, potentially implying they are less 'avant-garde' or 'rebellious' than independent artists. However, in most contexts, it is a neutral, descriptive term. If you work for a large company, you will hear about 'les relations institutionnelles'—this is the department that handles lobbying and communication with government officials and other large organizations.

Le Président a souligné l'importance de la continuité institutionnelle lors de son discours.

Finally, in the context of sociology and education, you might hear about 'le racisme institutionnel' or 'les barrières institutionnelles'. These terms describe systemic issues that are built into the laws and practices of organizations, rather than just being the result of individual prejudice. This is a crucial part of modern social justice discourse in French-speaking countries, reflecting how the word has moved from purely technical legal use into broader social critique.

L'analyse du fonctionnement institutionnel de l'école révèle des inégalités persistantes.

Les investisseurs institutionnels ont massivement racheté des actions ce matin.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is the spelling of the word. In English, 'institutional' ends in '-al', while in French, institutionnel ends in '-el' (masculine) or '-elle' (feminine). The double 'n' is also a common point of confusion; remember that it follows the pattern of 'institution' + 'nel'. Another mistake is using it in contexts that are too informal. Calling a school lunch 'institutionnel' might sound strange unless you are specifically discussing the formal policy behind the menu.

Spelling Trap
Avoid 'institutionnal' (incorrect). Use 'institutionnel' or 'institutionnelle'.
Confusion with 'Officiel'
While related, 'officiel' means something approved by authority, whereas 'institutionnel' refers to the structure of the authority itself. A document is 'officiel', but a law is part of the 'cadre institutionnel'.

Another mistake is failing to agree the adjective with the noun. Because 'institutionnel' is a long word, learners sometimes forget to add the 'le' for feminine nouns or the 's' for plural nouns. Always check the gender and number of the noun it describes. For instance, 'la réforme' is feminine, so you must say 'la réforme institutionnelle'. 'Les changements' is masculine plural, so 'les changements institutionnels'. Consistency in agreement is a hallmark of reaching the B2/C1 levels in French.

Faux : Un accord institutionnale. Correct : Un accord institutionnel.

Lastly, be careful with the nuance of 'institutionalized' in English. In English, 'institutionalized' can mean someone has spent a long time in a prison or mental hospital and can no longer function outside. In French, the equivalent of that state is 'institutionnalisé' (the verb/past participle). The adjective 'institutionnel' is much more about the *structure* of the organization itself, rather than the psychological state of a person. Using 'institutionnel' to describe a person's mental state would be a significant semantic error.

Le vocabulaire institutionnel est essentiel pour comprendre les débats politiques.

Elle travaille sur la dimension institutionnelle du projet européen.

If you find institutionnel too heavy or if it doesn't quite fit your context, there are several alternatives. The most common is officiel, which refers to anything sanctioned by an authority. While 'institutionnel' refers to the system, 'officiel' refers to the status. Another alternative is étatique, which specifically refers to the 'État' (the State). If you are talking about something related to the government specifically, 'étatique' is often more precise than the broader 'institutionnel'.

Officiel vs Institutionnel
'Officiel' is about authorization (an official letter). 'Institutionnel' is about the framework (an institutional reform).
Étatique vs Institutionnel
'Étatique' is strictly about the central government. 'Institutionnel' can include NGOs, private banks, or international bodies like the UN.
Formel vs Institutionnel
'Formel' relates to the outward appearance or strict adherence to rules. 'Institutionnel' goes deeper into the structural existence of the entity.

In business contexts, you might use corporate (borrowed from English but common in French business circles) to describe company-wide initiatives. However, 'institutionnel' remains the preferred term for serious, high-level communications. For example, 'un site institutionnel' is the main website of a company that provides information about its history and values, as opposed to an 'e-commerce' site which is purely for sales. Using the right word here shows a sophisticated understanding of French business culture.

L'aspect étatique de la gestion forestière diffère de l'aspect institutionnel local.

Finally, consider structurel (structural). While 'institutionnel' focuses on the organization, 'structurel' focuses on the arrangement of parts. A 'problème structurel' might be an economic issue caused by how the economy is built, whereas a 'problème institutionnel' is specifically about the organizations and laws managing that economy. These nuances are what separate an intermediate learner from an advanced speaker. Choosing 'institutionnel' signals that you are analyzing the social and legal architecture of the topic at hand.

La différence entre un message publicitaire et un message institutionnel est subtile mais réelle.

Nous devons renforcer le cadre institutionnel pour assurer la transparence.

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レベル別の例文

1

C'est un bâtiment institutionnel.

It is an institutional building.

Simple adjective following the noun 'bâtiment'.

2

L'école est une institution.

The school is an institution.

Noun form 'institution' to introduce the concept.

3

Il travaille pour un grand groupe institutionnel.

He works for a large institutional group.

Adjective 'institutionnel' modifying 'groupe'.

4

Voici le logo institutionnel de la ville.

Here is the city's institutional logo.

Adjective 'institutionnel' modifying 'logo'.

5

C'est une règle institutionnelle.

It is an institutional rule.

Feminine agreement: 'règle' (f) + 'institutionnelle'.

6

Le soutien est institutionnel.

The support is institutional.

Predicate adjective after 'est'.

7

Nous respectons le cadre institutionnel.

We respect the institutional framework.

Common collocation 'cadre institutionnel'.

8

Elle aime l'ordre institutionnel.

She likes institutional order.

Adjective modifying 'ordre' (m).

1

La mairie offre un soutien institutionnel aux associations.

The town hall offers institutional support to associations.

Adjective modifying 'soutien'.

2

Il existe des relations institutionnelles entre ces deux pays.

Institutional relations exist between these two countries.

Plural feminine agreement: 'relations' (f.pl) + 'institutionnelles'.

3

Le site web institutionnel donne toutes les informations.

The institutional website gives all the information.

Adjective 'institutionnel' modifying 'site web'.

4

C'est un changement institutionnel important.

It is an important institutional change.

Adjective placement after the noun.

5

Les acteurs institutionnels se réunissent demain.

The institutional actors are meeting tomorrow.

Plural masculine agreement: 'acteurs' (m.pl) + 'institutionnels'.

6

Elle préfère la communication institutionnelle.

She prefers institutional communication.

Feminine singular: 'communication' (f) + 'institutionnelle'.

7

Le musée a un rôle institutionnel majeur.

The museum has a major institutional role.

Adjective modifying 'rôle'.

8

Le cadre institutionnel de l'école est strict.

The school's institutional framework is strict.

Noun phrase 'cadre institutionnel'.

1

La réforme institutionnelle a été votée par le Parlement.

The institutional reform was voted by Parliament.

Feminine singular agreement.

2

Les investisseurs institutionnels achètent beaucoup d'actions.

Institutional investors buy many shares.

Technical term: 'investisseurs institutionnels'.

3

Il faut respecter la hiérarchie institutionnelle.

One must respect the institutional hierarchy.

Feminine agreement with 'hiérarchie'.

4

L'entreprise lance une nouvelle campagne institutionnelle.

The company is launching a new institutional campaign.

Referring to brand image rather than product sales.

5

Le paysage institutionnel français est complexe.

The French institutional landscape is complex.

Metaphorical use of 'paysage' (landscape).

6

Ils cherchent un partenaire institutionnel pour le projet.

They are looking for an institutional partner for the project.

Adjective modifying 'partenaire'.

7

La stabilité institutionnelle est nécessaire pour la croissance.

Institutional stability is necessary for growth.

Abstract concept: 'stabilité institutionnelle'.

8

C'est un voyage institutionnel du ministre.

It is an institutional trip by the minister.

Meaning an official, state-related trip.

1

Le pays traverse une grave crise institutionnelle.

The country is going through a serious institutional crisis.

A crisis involving the very structure of the state.

2

L'analyse montre un blocage institutionnel au Sénat.

The analysis shows an institutional deadlock in the Senate.

When the system prevents progress.

3

Le cadre institutionnel européen impose des normes strictes.

The European institutional framework imposes strict standards.

Referring to the EU's complex governing system.

4

Les relations institutionnelles sont gérées par ce département.

Institutional relations are managed by this department.

Refers to lobbying and government relations.

5

Il faut renforcer les mécanismes institutionnels de contrôle.

It is necessary to strengthen institutional control mechanisms.

Plural masculine agreement.

6

L'approche institutionnelle privilégie les règles sur les individus.

The institutional approach prioritizes rules over individuals.

Sociological/political science terminology.

7

Cette banque est un acteur institutionnel de premier plan.

This bank is a leading institutional actor.

High-level business description.

8

La légitimité institutionnelle de l'ONU est souvent débattue.

The institutional legitimacy of the UN is often debated.

Abstract noun phrase.

1

La porosité entre les sphères politique et institutionnelle inquiète.

The blurring between the political and institutional spheres is worrying.

Sophisticated use of 'sphère' and 'porosité'.

2

L'inertie institutionnelle freine souvent l'innovation.

Institutional inertia often slows down innovation.

Refers to the resistance to change within large systems.

3

Il s'agit d'une rupture institutionnelle sans précédent.

This is an unprecedented institutional break.

Used in historical or constitutional analysis.

4

L'architecture institutionnelle de la zone euro est en débat.

The institutional architecture of the eurozone is under debate.

Metaphorical use of 'architecture'.

5

La dimension institutionnelle du conflit est souvent négligée.

The institutional dimension of the conflict is often neglected.

Focusing on the systemic causes of a problem.

6

Les contraintes institutionnelles limitent la marge de manœuvre.

Institutional constraints limit the room for maneuver.

Common phrase in political and corporate analysis.

7

Le discours institutionnel manque parfois de spontanéité.

Institutional discourse sometimes lacks spontaneity.

Critique of the formal way organizations speak.

8

L'ancrage institutionnel de cette tradition est très fort.

The institutional grounding of this tradition is very strong.

Refers to how something is deeply embedded in a system.

1

La reconfiguration institutionnelle post-conflit est un défi majeur.

Post-conflict institutional reconfiguration is a major challenge.

Extremely formal and technical vocabulary.

2

L'isomorphisme institutionnel explique la ressemblance entre ces firmes.

Institutional isomorphism explains the resemblance between these firms.

Sociological term (isomorphisme institutionnel).

3

On assiste à une érosion de la confiance institutionnelle.

We are witnessing an erosion of institutional trust.

Used in high-level sociological or political commentary.

4

L'agencement institutionnel des pouvoirs garantit la démocratie.

The institutional arrangement of powers guarantees democracy.

Nuanced use of 'agencement'.

5

La fluidité des échanges déstabilise le cadre institutionnel établi.

The fluidity of exchanges destabilizes the established institutional framework.

Abstract analysis of economic or social forces.

6

Le mimétisme institutionnel peut mener à des politiques inadaptées.

Institutional mimicry can lead to unsuitable policies.

Academic critique of organizational behavior.

7

La pérennité institutionnelle dépend de la capacité d'adaptation.

Institutional longevity depends on the capacity for adaptation.

Formal philosophical or organizational statement.

8

L'imbrication institutionnelle des marchés rend la régulation ardue.

The institutional intertwining of markets makes regulation arduous.

Describing complex systemic connections.

類義語

officiel étatique formel établi conventionnel organisational constitutionnel administratif

反対語

informel privé personnel sauvage

よく使う組み合わせ

cadre institutionnel
investisseur institutionnel
communication institutionnelle
soutien institutionnel
crise institutionnelle
réforme institutionnelle
paysage institutionnel
acteurs institutionnels
vide institutionnel
publicité institutionnelle

よく使うフレーズ

Au niveau institutionnel

— At the institutional level. Used to discuss things from a systemic perspective.

Au niveau institutionnel, les changements prennent du temps.

Dans un cadre institutionnel

— Within an institutional framework. Refers to acting according to established rules.

L'accord a été signé dans un cadre institutionnel.

Une réponse institutionnelle

— An institutional response. A formal reaction from an organization.

Nous attendons une réponse institutionnelle de la part de l'UNESCO.

La dimension institutionnelle

— The institutional dimension. The aspect of a problem related to its structure.

Il ne faut pas oublier la dimension institutionnelle du problème.

Les relations institutionnelles

— Institutional relations. Formal interactions between organizations or with the state.

Il est directeur des relations institutionnelles.

Un partenaire institutionnel

— An institutional partner. An organization that collaborates officially.

La banque est notre principal partenaire institutionnel.

La stabilité institutionnelle

— Institutional stability. The reliable functioning of a system's rules.

La stabilité institutionnelle est le garant de la paix.

Le fonctionnement institutionnel

— Institutional functioning. How a formal system operates.

Le fonctionnement institutionnel de l'entreprise est complexe.

Un blocage institutionnel

— An institutional deadlock. When a system's rules prevent action.

Le veto a provoqué un blocage institutionnel.

L'ancrage institutionnel

— Institutional grounding. How deeply something is embedded in a system.

L'ancrage institutionnel de ce festival assure son financement.

慣用句と表現

"Faire partie des meubles"

— Literally 'to be part of the furniture'. Used for someone who has been in an institution so long they are part of it.

Après 40 ans à la mairie, il fait partie des meubles.

informal
"Langue de bois"

— Literally 'wooden tongue'. Refers to the vague, formal, and often empty language used in institutional communication.

Le ministre a encore utilisé la langue de bois.

informal/neutral
"Les zinzins"

— Financial slang for 'investisseurs institutionnels'. Short for 'institutionnels'.

Les zinzins ont vendu leurs positions hier.

slang (finance)
"Une usine à gaz"

— Literally 'a gas factory'. Refers to an overly complex institutional system or law.

Cette nouvelle réforme est une véritable usine à gaz.

informal
"Entrer dans le moule"

— To fit the mold. To conform to the norms of an institution.

Il a eu du mal à entrer dans le moule institutionnel.

informal
"L'esprit de corps"

— The spirit of the group. The sense of loyalty shared by members of an institution.

L'esprit de corps est très fort dans cette école.

neutral/formal
"Être au garde"
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