Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 to describe an event that almost occurred but ultimately did not happen.
- Attach -ㄹ 뻔했다 to verb stems ending in a vowel (e.g., 가다 -> 갈 뻔했다).
- Attach -을 뻔했다 to verb stems ending in a consonant (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹을 뻔했다).
- Always use the past tense form (-했다) even if the event was very recent.
Overview
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다. This construction signifies that an event or action came extremely close to occurring, was on the brink of happening, but ultimately did not. For C1 learners, understanding this pattern moves you beyond merely stating facts into articulating the often profound relief, sharp regret, or even dramatic hyperbole that accompanies such close calls.-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 is essential for genuine conversational fluency and for sounding like a native speaker who understands the subtle implications of unfulfilled possibilities.Conjugation Table
| Verb Stem Ending | Modifier | Example Verb (Basic) | Conjugated Form (해체) | Conjugated Form (합니다체) | Meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :----------------- | :--------- | :--------------------- | :----------------------- | :--------------------------- | :-------- | ||
| Vowel | -ㄹ | 가다 (to go) |
갈 뻔했어 |
갈 뻔했습니다 |
almost went | ||
| Consonant (except ㄹ) | -을 | 먹다 (to eat) |
먹을 뻔했어 |
먹을 뻔했습니다 |
almost ate | ||
| ㄹ irregular | -ㄹ | 놀다 (to play) |
놀 뻔했어 |
놀 뻔했습니다 |
almost played | ||
| ㄷ irregular | -을 | 듣다 (to listen) |
들을 뻔했어 |
들을 뻔했습니다 |
almost heard | ||
| ㅂ irregular | -을 | 춥다 (to be cold) |
추울 뻔했어 |
추울 뻔했습니다 |
almost was cold | ||
| ㅎ irregular | -ㄹ | 빨갛다 (to be red) |
빨갈 뻔했어 |
빨갈 뻔했습니다 |
almost was red |
How This Grammar Works
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 is a fascinating synthesis of Korean grammatical elements designed to express unrealized past events. It consists of three primary components: the prospective modifier -ㄹ/을, the bound noun 뻔, and the past tense form of 하다 (했다). The modifier -ㄹ/을 you've encountered in future tense constructions and as a prospective adnominal ending, indicating an action that *might* happen or *is intended* to happen.뻔 (bbeon). This is a unique bound noun, meaning 'the brink,' 'the verge,' or 'the likelihood.' It acts as the conceptual bridge, literally conveying the idea of 'reaching the edge' of an event.하다 (to do/to be), conjugated in the past tense as 했다, completes the thought, marking the entire statement as a reflection on a past occurrence. The combination, therefore, literally translates to something like did the brink of [verb]-ingor
was on the verge of [verb]-ing.This inherent past tense conjugation is crucial, as the realization that something *almost* happened can only occur retrospectively, after the event has been safely averted or the opportunity definitively missed. The emotional impact stems from this reflection, allowing speakers to convey relief (
다행이다) or regret (아쉽다) implicitly.[verb stem]-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 – separates the modifier from the bound noun construction, a detail often tested in advanced Korean proficiency exams like TOPIK.
Formation Pattern
-ㄹ 뻔했다.
가다 (to go) -> 가 + -ㄹ 뻔했다 -> 갈 뻔했다 (almost went)
ㄹ): Attach -을 뻔했다.
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹 + -을 뻔했다 -> 먹을 뻔했다 (almost ate)
ㄹ irregular verbs: Drop the final ㄹ from the stem, then attach -ㄹ 뻔했다. This follows the standard ㄹ drop rule before certain endings.
살다 (to live) -> 살 + -ㄹ 뻔했다 -> 살 뻔했다 (almost lived)
ㄷ irregular verbs: Change ㄷ to ㄹ, then attach -을 뻔했다.
듣다 (to listen) -> 들 + -을 뻔했다 -> 들을 뻔했다 (almost heard)
ㅂ irregular verbs: Drop ㅂ, add 우, then attach -ㄹ 뻔했다. (Note: Some sources might present this as adding -을 뻔했다 after 우, but the 우 acts as a vowel, thus -ㄹ is correct. For descriptive verbs, this makes more sense with transformation to action. E.g., 춥다 → 추우 + -ㄹ 뻔했다 → 추울 뻔했다.)
돕다 (to help) -> 도우 + -ㄹ 뻔했다 -> 도울 뻔했다 (almost helped)
춥다 (to be cold) -> 추우 + -ㄹ 뻔했다 -> 추울 뻔했다 (almost was cold - often used hyperbolically, e.g., 추워 죽을 뻔했다).
ㅅ irregular verbs: Drop ㅅ, then attach -을 뻔했다.
낫다 (to recover/to be better) -> 나 + -을 뻔했다 -> 나을 뻔했다 (almost recovered)
When To Use It
- Expressing Relief from a Near-Disaster: This is arguably the most common application. When you narrowly escape an undesirable or dangerous situation,
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다conveys the profound sense of gratitude that things didn't go wrong. It inherently implies다행이다(what a relief!). - Example (Texting a friend after a close call): 와! 방금 차에 치일 뻔했잖아! 식겁했네. (Wow! I almost got hit by a car just now! I was so startled.)
- Example (Explaining a project setback): 큰일 날 뻔했지만 겨우 해결했어요. (It almost became a big problem, but I barely managed to solve it.)
- Expressing Regret over a Missed Opportunity: Conversely, when a positive outcome was within reach but slipped away, this pattern conveys
아쉽다(it's a shame) or disappointment. The focus here is on what *could have been* but wasn't. - Example (After a competitive game): 1등 할 뻔했는데 아깝게 2등 했어. (I almost got first place, but unfortunately, I got second.)
- Example (Talking about a limited-edition item): 그거 살 뻔했는데 품절됐어. 너무 아쉬워. (I almost bought that, but it sold out. Such a shame.)
- Dramatic Exaggeration and Hyperbole: Koreans frequently employ
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다for humorous or dramatic effect in casual conversation. It amplifies a feeling or situation beyond its literal truth, making storytelling more engaging and relatable. This is a crucial aspect of informal conversational style. - Example (After a long meeting): 회의가 너무 길어서 졸아 죽을 뻔했어요. (The meeting was so long I almost died from falling asleep.)
- Example (About being extremely hungry): 배고파서 쓰러질 뻔했어! 얼른 밥 먹자. (I almost collapsed from hunger! Let's eat quickly.)
- Conveying Near Completion (with nuance): While its primary use is for avoidance, it can also describe an action that was very close to completion but was interrupted or stopped just shy of the finish line. The outcome is still incomplete.
- Example: 다 그릴 뻔했는데 전화가 와서 못 끝냈어. (I almost finished drawing, but the phone rang, so I couldn't finish.)
When Not To Use It
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 has specific contexts where its use is grammatically incorrect or semantically unnatural. Understanding these limitations is critical for C1-level accuracy.- For actions that *actually* happened: This is the most fundamental restriction.
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다explicitly states that the action did not occur. If you actually fell, you would say넘어졌어요(I fell), not넘어질 뻔했어요(I almost fell). The distinction is absolute. - Incorrect: 시험에 떨어질 뻔했는데, 떨어졌어요. (I almost failed the exam, and I failed.) -> Contradictory. Correct: 시험에 떨어졌어요. (I failed the exam.)
- With descriptive verbs (adjectives) directly: As a rule,
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다primarily attaches to action verbs. You cannot directly say예쁠 뻔했다(it almost was pretty) or슬플 뻔했다(it almost was sad). Descriptive verbs describe a state, not an action that can be narrowly avoided. To use descriptive concepts, you must transform them into actions using-아/어지다(to become), as in예뻐질 뻔했다(it almost became pretty) or슬퍼질 뻔했다(it almost became sad). - Incorrect: 피곤할 뻔했어요. (It almost was tired.) -> Correct: 피곤해질 뻔했어요. (I almost became tired.)
- In present or future tenses: The essence of
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다is a retrospective judgment of a past event. You cannot use it to describe a current near-miss or a future potential near-miss with뻔해요or뻔할 거예요. Thealmostis recognized only after the moment of danger or opportunity has passed. The only common exception is using뻔하다itself as a standalone verb (e.g.,그렇게 하면 큰일 날 뻔해- If you do that, it's almost a big problem), but even then, it often implies a general likelihood rather than a specific event that was *just* averted. - Incorrect: 넘어질 뻔해요. (I almost fall.) -> Incorrect tense. Correct: 넘어질 뻔했어요. (I almost fell.)
- Incorrect: 내일 늦을 뻔할 거예요. (I will almost be late tomorrow.) -> Incorrect tense. Correct: 내일 늦을 것 같아요. (I think I'll be late tomorrow.)
- For objective statistical probability: If you are merely discussing a high likelihood or statistical chance without the emotional implication of a personal near-miss, other expressions are more suitable.
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다carries a subjective, experiential weight. - If a meteor has a 90% chance of hitting, you wouldn't say
지구가 부딪힐 뻔했어요(The earth almost got hit) until *after* it passed, conveying relief. For the prediction, you'd use부딪힐 가능성이 높아요(There's a high possibility it will hit).
Common Mistakes
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 rather than the basic conjugation. Identifying and correcting these common pitfalls will significantly enhance your accuracy and naturalness.- 1Incorrect Tense Usage (The Past Tense Mandate): The most frequent error is attempting to use
-ㄹ/을 뻔하다in the present or future tense (뻔해요,뻔할 거예요). This is grammatically unsound because the realization that something *almost* happened is inherently a reflection on a past event. Thedangeroropportunityhas either passed safely or been definitively missed, making the judgment retrospective.
- Incorrect:
차가 올 때 뛰어들면 사고 날 뻔해.(If you jump in when the car comes, an accident almost happens.) -> This sounds like a general prediction, but뻔하다in the present isn't used this way for a specific event. It should be:차가 올 때 뛰어들었다면 사고 날 뻔했어.(If you had jumped in when the car came, an accident *would have* almost happened.) - Correct:
어제 큰 사고 날 뻔했어요.(Yesterday, I almost had a big accident.)
- 1Misapplication to Descriptive Verbs: As discussed,
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다rarely attaches directly to adjectives. Learners sometimes attempt행복할 뻔했다(almost was happy) or아플 뻔했다(almost was sick) when they mean to express a change of state. The transformation via-아/어지다is critical.
- Incorrect:
날씨가 추울 뻔했어.(The weather almost was cold.) -> While추워 죽을 뻔했다is common hyperbole, simply추울 뻔했다without죽다or지다is awkward. If you meanit almost became cold,
use: - Correct:
날씨가 추워질 뻔했어.(The weather almost became cold.)
- 1Confusing
Almost DidwithAlmost Completed: While it can imply near completion, the core meaning remains *unrealized action*. If an action was nearly finished but ultimately *was* completed, this grammar is generally not used unless the 'near miss' was the completion itself.
- If you finished a report with only a minute to spare:
보고서 다 쓸 뻔했지만, 겨우 끝냈어요.(I almost didn't finish the report, but I barely completed it.) This emphasizes the *risk* of not finishing. If you just finished:보고서 겨우 다 썼어요.(I barely finished the report.)
- 1Spacing Errors: A seemingly minor detail, but crucial for formal writing and exams. It's
[verb stem]-ㄹ/을 뻔했다, not[verb stem]-ㄹ/을뻔했다. The space before뻔했다indicates뻔is a separate bound noun.
- Incorrect (in formal contexts):
늦을뻔했습니다. - Correct:
늦을 뻔했습니다.
- 1Overuse when
거의is more natural: Sometimes, the simple adverb거의(almost, nearly) is sufficient and more neutral. Learners may overuse-ㄹ/을 뻔했다when there's no strong emotional nuance or the context is purely factual.거의indicates proximity to a state or action, while뻔했다implies crossing a critical threshold.
- If you are 95% done with work:
거의 다 끝났어요.(It's almost all finished.) is more natural than다 끝날 뻔했어요.(It almost finished, but didn't).
Memory Trick
To consistently recall the core meaning and usage of -ㄹ/을 뻔했다, visualize a tightrope walker. They are meticulously making their way across, eyes fixed on the other side. Suddenly, they lose balance, teeter precariously, one foot dangling over the abyss. For a split second, it looks like they will fall. But then, with a gasp from the audience, they regain their balance and continue walking as if nothing happened. The audience breathes a collective sigh of relief. That moment of near-fall, the absolute brink of disaster, but ultimately averted, is 뻔했다. You were on the edge (뻔) of falling, but the fall didn't happen (했다). Think of 뻔 as the precarious 'brink', and 했다 as the 'past reflection' on that brink that was ultimately *not* crossed by the feared action. It's the memory of the unrealized catastrophe or unseized opportunity.
Real Conversations
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 is ubiquitous in spoken Korean, adding a layer of vividness and emotion that textbook examples often miss. It thrives in informal settings but is also professionally useful. Here’s how it typically appears:
Scenario 1: Escaping a traffic accident (Texting with a friend, 해체)
- User: 야, 방금 엄청 놀랐잖아!
(Hey, I just got so startled!)
- Friend: 왜? 무슨 일 있었어?
(Why? What happened?)
- User: 운전하다가 갑자기 다른 차가 끼어들어서 사고 날 뻔했어. 진짜 심장이 쿵 내려앉았네.
(While driving, another car suddenly cut in, and I almost had an accident. My heart really dropped.)
- Friend: 어휴, 괜찮아? 다친 데는 없어? 큰일 날 뻔했네.
(Oh, phew, are you okay? Are you hurt anywhere? It almost became a big problem.)
Scenario 2: Missing out on a concert ticket (Casual chat with a colleague, 해체)
- Colleague A: 어제 그 아이돌 콘서트 티켓팅 성공했어?
(Did you succeed in getting tickets for that idol concert yesterday?)
- Colleague B: 아니, 진짜 망할 뻔했어. 서버 터져서 결제 창에서 튕겼거든. 근데 운 좋게 다시 접속돼서 겨우 막차 탔어!
(No, I seriously almost failed. The server crashed, and I got kicked out of the payment window. But luckily, I reconnected and barely got the last ticket!)
- Colleague A: 와, 대박! 진짜 놓칠 뻔했네! (Wow, amazing! You really almost missed it!)
Scenario 3: A close call at work (Email to a superior, 합니다체)
- Subject: 금일 보고서 관련 보고
(Subject: Report regarding today's report)
- Body: 부장님, 안녕하십니까.
오늘 최종 보고서 제출 직전에 데이터 오류를 발견하여 큰 문제로 이어질 뻔했습니다.
다행히 이 과장님께서 빠르게 재검토해주셔서 무사히 수정 완료 후 제출할 수 있었습니다.
다음부터는 더욱 꼼꼼히 확인하여 이런 일이 발생하지 않도록 주의하겠습니다.
(Hello, Manager.
Today, just before submitting the final report, I discovered a data error that almost led to a major problem.
Fortunately, Assistant Manager Lee quickly re-reviewed it, allowing me to successfully complete the corrections and submit it.
From next time, I will be more thorough in checking to prevent such incidents from occurring.)
These examples demonstrate how -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 is used to recount incidents, express emotions, and manage professional communication with appropriate levels of formality.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 from these related but distinct patterns.- 1
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다vs.거의 V-았다/었다(almost V-ed / was almost V-ing):
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다: Emphasizes a counterfactual outcome – the action *did not happen* but came very close to it. It carries a strong emotional overtone (relief, regret, hyperbole) and implies a specific, critical threshold was nearly crossed. It is a subjective reflection on an unfulfilled event.- Example:
넘어질 뻔했어요.(I almost fell, but I didn't. What a relief!) – Focus is on the averted fall and the accompanying emotion. 거의 V-았다/었다: The adverb거의meansalmostornearlyand simply indicates proximity to completion or a state. It is more objective and factual, describing a degree of progress or a quantitative measure. It does not necessarily imply an averted event, and the action *may or may not have been completed*.- Example:
거의 다 왔어요.(I'm almost all the way here.) – Focus is on the degree of beinghere.The action of arriving might still happen. - Example:
거의 넘어졌어요.(I nearly fell.) – This is often used when balance was truly lost for a moment, and the fall was imminent, but it doesn't carry the same strong emotional weight of the averted outcome as넘어질 뻔했다does. - Key Distinction:
거의describes *how close* something was to happening or being completed.-ㄹ/을 뻔했다describes that something *did not happen* despite being very close.
- 1
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다vs.V-기 일보 직전이다(to be on the verge/brink of V-ing):
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다: As established, this is a retrospective reflection on a past near-miss. The crisis or opportunity has passed.- Example:
폭발할 뻔했어요.(It almost exploded, but it didn't.) V-기 일보 직전이다: Literallyone step before V-ing,
this pattern describes a current state where an action or event is imminent and highly likely to happen in the present or immediate future. It often implies a critical or volatile situation. It is more formal and less personal than-ㄹ/을 뻔했다.- Example:
지금 폭발하기 일보 직전이에요.(It's on the verge of exploding right now.) - Key Distinction:
뻔했다looks back at a past, averted event.일보 직전이다looks at an imminent, currently developing event.
- 1
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다vs.V-을/ㄹ 지경이다(to be to the point of V-ing):
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다: Focuses on a specific, singular action that almost occurred but was avoided. The emphasis is on the act itself.- Example:
너무 피곤해서 잠들 뻔했어요.(I was so tired, I almost fell asleep, but I didn't.) V-을/ㄹ 지경이다: Implies a state or condition has reached such an extreme degree that a particular outcome (often negative or exaggerated) is almost inevitable or describes the extent of one's suffering/feeling. It tends to be more about the *intensity of a situation leading to an outcome* rather than the narrow avoidance of a specific action.- Example:
너무 피곤해서 잠들 지경이에요.(I'm so tired that I'm on the verge of falling asleep.) – This describes the *degree* of tiredness leading to sleepiness, not necessarily an averted sleep. - Key Distinction:
뻔했다implies avoidance of an action.지경이다describes an extreme state that leads to an almost inevitable outcome.
Progressive Practice
To truly internalize -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 and use it with native-like fluidity, progressive practice is key. Start with structured drills and move towards more open-ended, contextualized usage.
Transformation Drills (Factual to Counterfactual): Take simple past tense sentences (V-았다/었다) and transform them into -ㄹ/을 뻔했다, identifying the emotional shift. Pay attention to cases where direct transformation is impossible (e.g., descriptive verbs).
- 차가 나를 쳤어요. (A car hit me.) -> Impossible with 뻔했다. (If the car hit you, it's not a near-miss).
- 저는 넘어졌어요. (I fell.) -> 저는 넘어질 뻔했어요. (I almost fell. -> relief)
- 그것을 살 기회가 있었어요. (I had a chance to buy it.) -> 그것을 살 뻔했는데 못 샀어요. (I almost bought it but couldn't. -> regret)
Contextual Sentence Completion: Provide various scenarios, both positive and negative, and ask yourself how you would use -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 to describe the near-miss. Focus on injecting the appropriate emotion.
- Scenario: You cooked, but almost burned the food. -> 음식을 태울 뻔했어요. (I almost burned the food.)
- Scenario: You almost won the lottery. -> 복권에 당첨될 뻔했어요. (I almost won the lottery.)
Storytelling with 하마터면: Practice using the intensifier 하마터면 (by a hair's breadth, nearly) to add drama. Recall a time you had a close call and recount it, integrating 하마터면 naturally.
- 하마터면 늦을 뻔했지만, 다행히 제시간에 도착했어요. (I almost was late by a hair's breadth, but fortunately, I arrived on time.)
Role-Playing / Conversational Integration: Engage in conversations where you intentionally try to weave in -ㄹ/을 뻔했다. Describe a funny, scary, or regretful incident from your week. Pay attention to how native speakers react and if your usage sounds natural.
- Talk about a recent trip: 비행기를 놓칠 뻔했는데, 택시 기사님이 정말 빨리 데려다주셨어요. (I almost missed the flight, but the taxi driver got me there really fast.)
Identify and Correct Errors: When encountering sentences that should use -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 but use a different, less appropriate pattern, practice rephrasing them. Similarly, identify incorrect tense or verb type usages in example sentences and correct them.
- *Incorrect:* 어제 길에서 넘어져요. (I fall on the street yesterday.) -> Correct with meaning: 어제 길에서 넘어질 뻔했어요. (I almost fell on the street yesterday.)
Quick FAQ
- Q: Can I use
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다for positive situations?
Yes, absolutely. However, remember it still means the positive event *didn't* happen. So, if you say 1등 할 뻔했어요 (I almost got first place), you are expressing regret because you likely got second or third. The implied meaning is usually 아쉽다 (it's a shame).
- Q: Is
하마터면always necessary with this pattern?
No, 하마터면 is an optional adverb that intensifies the feeling of a very narrow escape or near-miss. It adds drama and emphasizes "by a hair's breadth." It's excellent for storytelling but completely optional for daily usage. You can use -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 perfectly well without it.
- Q: Is this pattern polite enough for formal settings or work?
Yes, it is. The politeness level is determined by the conjugation of 하다 (the final part). Using 뻔했습니다 is perfectly formal and appropriate for professional contexts. For example, 큰 실수를 할 뻔했지만, 미리 발견해서 다행입니다. (I almost made a big mistake, but fortunately, I discovered it in advance.) is professional and conveys the appropriate nuance of a narrowly averted issue.
- Q: How does the spacing matter?
할 뻔했다vs.할뻔했다?
The correct spacing is 할 뻔했다, with a space between 할 (the prospective modifier) and 뻔했다. 뻔 is a bound noun, and Korean grammar rules dictate a space before bound nouns unless they are part of a compound word. While casual texting might omit the space, formal writing and exams require it. A missing space can lead to a deduction in proficiency tests.
- Q: Can
뻔하다be used without했다(i.e., in present tense)?
Generally, no, not for specific, singular near-miss events. The 했다 (past tense) is almost always present because the realization of an almost is retrospective. There are rare, fixed expressions where 뻔하다 might appear in a present tense form to describe a general state of being on the verge of something (e.g., 죽을 뻔해 as a constant state of being overwhelmed), but for conveying an averted action, stick to 했다.
Conjugation Rules
| Verb Type | Stem Ending | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Vowel
|
가다
|
-ㄹ 뻔했다
|
갈 뻔했다
|
|
Consonant
|
먹다
|
-을 뻔했다
|
먹을 뻔했다
|
|
ㄹ-irregular
|
만들다
|
-ㄹ 뻔했다
|
만들 뻔했다
|
|
ㄷ-irregular
|
듣다
|
-을 뻔했다
|
들을 뻔했다
|
|
ㅂ-irregular
|
돕다
|
-을 뻔했다
|
도울 뻔했다
|
|
ㅎ-irregular
|
빨갛다
|
-을 뻔했다
|
빨갈 뻔했다
|
Meanings
Indicates that an action or event was on the verge of happening but did not actually take place.
Narrow Escape
Avoiding a negative outcome.
“죽을 뻔했어요.”
“넘어질 뻔했어.”
Near Miss
Something almost happened by chance.
“비행기를 놓칠 뻔했어요.”
“시험에 떨어질 뻔했네.”
Reference Table
| 語幹のタイプ | ルール | 活用例 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
母音語幹
|
-ㄹ 뻔했다 を付ける
|
가다 → 갈 뻔했다
|
行きそうになった
|
|
子音語幹
|
-을 뻔했다 を付ける
|
먹다 → 먹을 뻔했다
|
食べそうになった
|
|
ㄹ変則
|
ㄹを脱落させ -ㄹ 뻔했다
|
울다 → 울 뻔했다
|
泣きそうになった
|
|
ㄷ変則
|
ㄷをㄹに変え -을 뻔했다
|
걷다 → 걸을 뻔했다
|
歩きそうになった
|
|
ㅂ変則
|
ㅂを脱落させ 우 + ㄹ 뻔했다
|
눕다 → 누울 뻔했다
|
横になりそうになった
|
|
하다動詞
|
할 뻔했다 に変える
|
지각하다 → 지각할 뻔했다
|
遅刻しそうになった
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
기차를 놓칠 뻔했습니다. (Commute)
기차를 놓칠 뻔했어요. (Commute)
기차 놓칠 뻔했어. (Commute)
기차 놓칠 뻔! (Commute)
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 のニュアンス
安堵 (回避した)
- 넘어질 뻔했다 転びそうになった
- 놓칠 뻔했다 逃しそうになった
後悔 (逃した)
- 이길 뻔했다 勝ちそうだった
- 만날 뻔했다 会いそうだった
誇張 (大げさ)
- 죽을 뻔했다 死ぬかと思った
- 쓰러질 뻔했다 倒れそうだった
거의 vs -ㄹ/을 뻔했다
活用のルール
語幹は母音で終わる？
最後が ㄹ で終わる？
よく一緒に使われる副詞
間一髪で
- • 하마터면
- • 까딱하면
一歩間違えれば
- • 자칫하면
- • 잘못하면
もう少しで...
- • 조금만 늦었으면
- • 조금만 방심했으면
レベル別の例文
넘어질 뻔했어요.
I almost fell.
울 뻔했어요.
I almost cried.
웃을 뻔했어요.
I almost laughed.
잊을 뻔했어요.
I almost forgot.
버스를 놓칠 뻔했어요.
I almost missed the bus.
지갑을 잃어버릴 뻔했어요.
I almost lost my wallet.
시험에 떨어질 뻔했어요.
I almost failed the test.
늦을 뻔했어요.
I almost was late.
그를 못 알아볼 뻔했어요.
I almost didn't recognize him.
비밀을 말할 뻔했어요.
I almost told the secret.
사고가 날 뻔했어요.
There was almost an accident.
화낼 뻔했어요.
I almost got angry.
하마터면 큰일 날 뻔했어요.
I almost had a big problem.
그 제안을 거절할 뻔했어요.
I almost rejected that offer.
꿈인 줄 알 뻔했어요.
I almost thought it was a dream.
다칠 뻔한 적이 있어요.
I have had a time where I almost got hurt.
그의 말에 속을 뻔했네요.
I almost fell for his words.
포기할 뻔했던 순간이 있었죠.
There was a moment when I almost gave up.
그 사실을 잊고 있을 뻔했어요.
I almost forgot that fact.
그를 다시 만날 뻔했어요.
I almost met him again.
역사의 뒤안길로 사라질 뻔했던 문화재입니다.
It is a cultural asset that almost disappeared into the back alleys of history.
그는 하마터면 자신의 신념을 저버릴 뻔했다.
He almost abandoned his beliefs.
그의 실수는 회사를 파산시킬 뻔했다.
His mistake almost bankrupted the company.
그녀는 웃음을 터뜨릴 뻔한 것을 간신히 참았다.
She barely held back from bursting into laughter.
間違えやすい
Both involve a change in plans.
Both mean almost.
Both mean almost.
よくある間違い
가을 뻔했다
갈 뻔했다
갈 뻔한다
갈 뻔했다
갈 뻔했어다
갈 뻔했다
가고 뻔했다
갈 뻔했다
공부할 뻔했다 (meaning I intended to study)
공부하려고 했다
먹을 뻔했다 (when I actually ate it)
먹었다
넘어질 뻔했어어요
넘어질 뻔했어요
거의 넘어질 뻔했다 (redundant)
넘어질 뻔했다
넘어질 뻔한 적이 있다
넘어질 뻔한 적이 있다 (Correct, but rare)
넘어질 뻔했다 (for a positive event)
거의 ~할 뻔했다
넘어질 뻔했겠어요
넘어질 뻔했네요
넘어질 뻔한 것을 막았다
넘어질 뻔한 것을 막았다 (Correct)
넘어질 뻔했다 (in future context)
넘어질 뻔했다 (only past)
文型パターン
___을 뻔했어요.
하마터면 ___할 뻔했어요.
___할 뻔한 적이 있어요.
___을 뻔했는데 다행이에요.
Real World Usage
나 늦을 뻔했어!
오늘 죽을 뻔함 ㅠㅠ
실수할 뻔했습니다.
비행기 놓칠 뻔했어요.
주소 틀릴 뻔했어요.
시험을 망칠 뻔했습니다.
現在形は絶対NG！
「死ぬかと思った」は日常茶飯事
仮定法「-았/었으면」との相性抜群
Smart Tips
Add '하마터면' at the start for more drama.
Use the casual form '뻔했어'.
Use it to show you caught it in time.
Use it to build suspense.
発音
Liaison
The ㄹ in 뻔 sounds like a flap.
Falling
넘어질 뻔했어↘
Statement of fact.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of '뻔' as 'Phew!' — you say 'Phew!' because you almost had a problem.
視覚的連想
Imagine a person slipping on a banana peel but catching themselves just before hitting the ground.
Rhyme
Almost happened, near the end, add ㄹ/을 뻔했다, my friend.
Story
I was walking to the store. I almost tripped on a rock. I said, 'Oh, I almost fell!' (넘어질 뻔했어!). Then I almost forgot my keys. I said, 'I almost forgot them!' (잊을 뻔했어!).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences about things that almost happened to you today.
文化メモ
Koreans use this to show empathy. If someone says they almost fell, you say 'Oh no!'
뻔하다 comes from the root 뻔 (obvious/clear).
会話のきっかけ
오늘 무슨 일이 있었어요?
어제 실수한 적 있어요?
가장 위험했던 순간은?
무언가를 잊어버린 적 있나요?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
아침에 알람을 못 들어서 지각___.
ニアミスを表現している正しい文はどれ？
계단에서 구를 뻔해요.
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercises버스를 ___ 뻔했어요.
먹을 뻔했다 vs 먹을 뻔한다
Find and fix the mistake:
가을 뻔했다
넘어질 뻔한다
A: 왜 늦었어요? B: 기차를 ___.
죽을 / 뻔했다 / 창피해서
넘어질 뻔했다
I intended to study but didn't.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises오늘 일이 너무 많아서 피곤해서 죽___.
「財布を失くしそうになりました」という意味になるように並べ替えてください。
「泣きそうになりました」を韓国語に訳してください。
元の動詞と、その「〜しそうになった」形を組み合わせてください。
그 옷을 입었으면 뚱뚱할 뻔했어요.
「危うくバレるところでした」として最も自然なのは？
비밀을 __ 뻔했어요.
「（買わなかったけど）買いそうになりました」はどう言いますか？
「下手をしたらスマホを落とすところだった」を完成させてください。
놓칠뻔했어요.
「惜しい！」という後悔のニュアンスが含まれる文は？
너가 안 도와줬으면 포기___.
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Usually no, it's for negative near-misses.
Yes, 뻔했다 is always past.
It's grammatically incorrect.
Use 뻔했어요.
No, but it adds emphasis.
Yes, e.g., 'He almost fell'.
-려다가 is intent, this is accident.
Use '다행이다'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
casi + verb
Korean uses a specific suffix, Spanish uses an adverb.
faillir + infinitive
Korean is more common in daily speech.
beinahe + verb
Korean grammar is integrated into the verb.
〜そうになる
Japanese focuses on the appearance of the event.
差点儿
Korean uses a suffix, Chinese uses a pre-verbal marker.
كاد أن
Arabic is more formal.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Connected Grammar
Past Tense
PrerequisiteFoundation.
-려다가
ContrastIntent vs accident.
하마터면
SimilarEmphasis.
거의
SimilarEmphasis.
