C1 · 上級 チャプター 2

Describing Outcomes and Inevitabilities

5 トータルルール
53 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the nuances of certainty, consequence, and near-misses to sound like a native Korean speaker.

  • Articulate how personal effort shapes individual outcomes.
  • Express universal truths and natural consequences with authority.
  • Identify and describe near-miss scenarios and negative probabilities.
Unlock the power of consequence and inevitability.

学べること

Ready to truly master the art of expressing certainty, consequence, and even near-disasters in Korean? This C1 chapter is where you'll unlock the subtle power to sound genuinely native. You’ll learn how to articulate not just what will happen, but *why* it will, *how* it depends on certain factors, and even what *almost* happened! We'll dive into five key grammar patterns: -기 나름이다, for when you want to emphasize that an outcome hinges on effort or perspective; -는 법이다, to state those undeniable universal truths or natural laws; -게 마련이다, for inevitabilities rooted in the natural order; -기 십상이다, a crucial tool for issuing strong warnings about highly probable negative results; and -ㄹ/을 뻔했다, to vividly recount those dramatic near-misses or missed opportunities. Why does this matter? Imagine confidently discussing complex life decisions, warning a friend about potential pitfalls, or sharing a thrilling anecdote about a close call. These aren't just grammar rules; they're your advanced toolkit for nuanced communication. By connecting how different degrees of certainty are expressed, you'll gain a deeper understanding of Korean thought patterns. After this chapter, you won't just understand advanced Korean conversations; you'll lead them. You'll be able to precisely explain why things happen, predict natural consequences, give sharp warnings, and captivate listeners with tales of things that almost were.

  • 〜のやり方次第だ (-기 나름이다)
    「やり方しだいで結果は変わる」というポジティブな主体性を強調する表現です。«어떻게» や «생각하기» などのキーワードと一緒に使って、ネイティブらしい深みのあるアドバイスをしてみましょう。
  • 当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다
    「当然の結果」や「世の中の真理」を伝える魔法のフレーズ。«당연한 결과»や«인생의 진리»を語る時に使ってみましょう。
  • ～するものだ (게 마련이다)
    「-게 마련이다」は、物事が自然の流れで「そうなるのが当たり前だ」と伝える魔法のフレーズです。 «당연히»、«결국»、«언젠가» とセットで覚えましょう！
  • 悪い結果になりやすい・～しがちだ (-기 십상이다)
    悪い結果が「十中八九」起こるという確信がある時に «-기 십상이다» を使いましょう。«十中八九» や «〜しがち» というニュアンスがポイントです。
  • 危うく～するところだった (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)
    「危うく〜しそうになった」というニアミスを表現する魔法のフレーズです。«ㄹ/을 뻔했다» を使って、最悪の事態を免れた安堵感や、あと一歩だった悔しさを生き生きと伝えましょう。

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Explain how specific actions or mindsets lead to subjective outcomes using -기 나름이다.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Predict natural outcomes and warn of risks using -게 마련이다 and -기 십상이다.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Narrate past events that narrowly avoided a specific outcome using -ㄹ/을 뻔했다.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, advanced Korean learners, to a pivotal chapter designed to elevate your linguistic precision! At the C1 Korean level, true fluency goes beyond basic communication; it's about articulating nuanced thoughts, predicting outcomes, and sharing vivid experiences with native-like accuracy. This guide is your key to unlocking the subtle power of expressing certainty, consequence, and even near-disasters in Korean.
We'll explore five essential Korean grammar patterns that allow you to articulate not just *what* will happen, but *why* it will, *how* it depends on certain factors, and even what *almost* happened!
Mastering these structures is crucial for anyone aiming for native Korean speaker proficiency. You'll gain the ability to discuss complex life decisions, issue strong warnings about potential pitfalls, or recount thrilling anecdotes about close calls. By understanding how different degrees of certainty and inevitability are expressed, you'll gain a deeper insight into Korean thought patterns and communication styles.
Get ready to confidently lead advanced Korean conversations and impress with your sophisticated command of the language.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces five powerful advanced Korean grammar patterns, each with a distinct role in expressing outcomes and inevitabilities.
First, -기 나름이다 (It Depends on How...) emphasizes that an outcome hinges on effort, perspective, or individual action. It conveys that results are not fixed but are contingent on
how one does it
or
what one makes of it.
For example: 성공은 노력하기 나름이다 (Success depends on how much effort you put in).
Next, -는 법이다 (Universal Truths & Laws) is used to state undeniable universal truths, natural laws, or general principles. It describes things that are inherently and consistently true. For instance: 사람은 누구나 죽기 마련이다 (Everyone is bound to die).
*Correction: This example was for -게 마련이다. Let's use a better one for -는 법이다.* Example: 뿌린 대로 거두는 법이다 (You reap what you sow – it's a universal truth).
Closely related is -게 마련이다 (Bound to happen), which expresses inevitability rooted in the natural order of things, a logical consequence, or a common human tendency. It suggests that something is simply bound to happen or
is to be expected.
Example: 열심히 노력하면 좋은 결과가 나오게 마련이다 (If you work hard, good results are bound to come out).
For strong warnings about highly probable negative results, we use -기 십상이다 (High Probability of Negative Results). This pattern is specifically for situations where a bad outcome is very likely. For example: 그렇게 계속 밤새면 건강을 해치기 십상이다 (If you keep staying up all night like that, it's highly probable you'll harm your health).
Finally, -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 (Almost Happened) vividly recounts dramatic near-misses or missed opportunities. It expresses that something almost occurred but didn't, often implying relief or regret. Example: 사고가 날 뻔했다 (There was almost an accident).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 열심히 공부하면 합격하기 십상이다. (If you study hard, you're highly likely to pass.)
✓ Correct: 열심히 공부하면 합격할 수밖에 없다. (If you study hard, you have no choice but to pass.) / 열심히 공부하면 합격하기 마련이다. (If you study hard, you're bound to pass.)
*Explanation:* -기 십상이다 is almost exclusively used for negative outcomes. Using it for a positive outcome like passing an exam sounds unnatural and incorrect. For positive inevitability, consider -게 마련이다 or -ㄹ 수밖에 없다.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 어제 버스를 놓칠 뻔했어. (I almost missed the bus.) (when the bus was indeed missed)
✓ Correct: 어제 버스를 놓칠 뻔했는데 다행히 탔어. (I almost missed the bus, but luckily I caught it.) / 어제 버스를 놓쳤어. (I missed the bus.)
*Explanation:* -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 implies that the event *did not* actually happen, despite coming close. If you actually missed the bus, you should just state that you missed it. If you want to emphasize the near-miss but ultimately caught it, use it with a contrasting clause like -았/었지만 or -았/었는데.

Real Conversations

A

A

이번 프로젝트 성공할 수 있을까요? (Will this project be successful?)
B

B

그건 우리 팀이 어떻게 하느냐에 나름이다. 최선을 다하면 좋은 결과가 있을 수밖에 없죠. (That depends on how our team handles it. If we do our best, there's no way but to have good results.)
A

A

요즘 잠을 너무 못 자서 걱정이에요. (I'm worried because I haven't been able to sleep much lately.)
B

B

그렇게 계속 무리하면 건강이 나빠지기 십상이다. 사람은 잠을 자야 회복하는 법이다! (If you keep overworking like that, it's highly probable your health will get worse. It's a universal truth that people need to sleep to recover!)
A

A

어제 운전하다가 큰 사고 날 뻔했어요. (Yesterday, I almost got into a big accident while driving.)
B

B

정말요? 조심하세요! 방심하면 언제든 사고는 나게 마련이다 (Really? Be careful! If you let your guard down, accidents are bound to happen at any time.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -는 법이다 and -게 마련이다?

-는 법이다 describes universal, inherent truths or general principles that are always true (e.g.,

what goes up must come down
). -게 마련이다 describes things that are naturally or logically bound to happen as a consequence or tendency (e.g., "if you don't study, you're bound to fail").

Q

Can -기 십상이다 be used for positive predictions?

No, -기 십상이다 is almost exclusively used to express a high probability of a *negative* outcome or undesirable result.

Q

How do I correctly conjugate verbs before -ㄹ/을 뻔했다?

You attach -ㄹ 뻔했다 to verb stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ, and -을 뻔했다 to verb stems ending in a consonant (not ㄹ). For example, 가다 -> 갈 뻔했다; 먹다 -> 먹을 뻔했다.

Q

Is -기 나름이다 mostly about effort?

While often used with effort, -기 나름이다 can also refer to perspective or approach. It means the outcome depends on

how one does/views something
or
what one makes of it.

Cultural Context

These advanced Korean grammar patterns are deeply embedded in how Koreans express wisdom, caution, and shared understanding. -는 법이다 and -게 마련이다 often reflect a philosophical outlook on life and natural order, frequently used in proverbs or advice. -기 십상이다 serves as a vital tool for expressing concern and issuing strong, empathetic warnings, highlighting a communal sense of responsibility.
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 allows for dramatic storytelling, fostering connection through shared experiences of close calls. Together, they demonstrate a nuanced approach to cause and effect that is characteristic of C1 Korean communication.

重要な例文 (8)

1

공부는 어떻게 하기 나름이에요.

勉強はいかにやるか次第ですよ。

〜のやり方次第だ (-기 나름이다)
2

인생은 생각하기 나름이야.

人生は考え方しだいだよ。

〜のやり方次第だ (-기 나름이다)
3

가는 말이 고와야 오는 말이 고운 법이다.

去る言葉が美しくてこそ、来る言葉も美しいものだ。（因果応報）

当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다
4

요즘 너무 잠을 안 자네. 무리하면 병이 나는 법이야.

最近全然寝てないね。無理をすれば病気になるものだよ。

当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다
5

시간이 지나면 모든 슬픔은 잊혀지게 마련이에요.

時が経てば、すべての悲しみは忘れ去られるものです。

～するものだ (게 마련이다)
6

아무리 숨기려 해도 거짓말은 언젠가 들통나게 마련이야.

どんなに隠そうとしても、嘘はいつかバレるものだよ。

～するものだ (게 마련이다)
7

하마터면 기차를 놓칠 뻔했어요.

危うく電車を逃すところでした。

危うく～するところだった (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)
8

어제 길에서 넘어질 뻔했어.

昨日、道で転びそうになったんだ。

危うく～するところだった (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

副詞 '어떻게' の魔法

会話では動詞の直前に «어떻게» を置くのが非常に一般的です。これだけで「いかに〜するか」というニュアンスが強調されます: «어떻게 하기 나름이에요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜のやり方次第だ (-기 나름이다)
💬

人生の先輩のような響き

この文法を使うと、経験豊富な賢者のように聞こえます。年上の人がアドバイスしたり、夜中に友達と深い人生相談をしたりする時にぴったりです。 «다 그런 법이야.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다
💬

人生の先輩のような響き

この文法を使うと、とても思慮深く、成熟した印象を与えます。先輩が後輩に「広い視野を持って」とアドバイスする時によく使われます。 «고생 끝에 낙이 오게 마련이다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～するものだ (게 마련이다)
⚠️

ポジティブなことにはNG

「合格しそう」や「成功しそう」など、良いことには使いません。不自然というか、皮肉に聞こえてしまいます。 «합격하기 십상이에요» は間違いです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 悪い結果になりやすい・～しがちだ (-기 십상이다)

重要な語彙 (5)

관점 (gwanjeom) perspective/viewpoint 필연적 (piryheonjeok) inevitable 방심 (bangsim) carelessness/neglect 성패 (seongpae) success or failure 위기 (wigi) crisis

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Discussing Career Success

Review Summary

  • Verb-기 나름이다
  • Verb-는 법이다
  • Verb-게 마련이다
  • Verb-기 십상이다
  • Verb-ㄹ/을 뻔했다

よくある間違い

-기 나름이다 requires a verb indicating an action or choice, not just an event. You must specify the action that influences the result.

Wrong: 그것은 일어날 나름이다.
正解: 그것은 하기 나름이다.

-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 emphasizes that the event did NOT happen. If it did happen, do not use this pattern.

Wrong: 비가 올 뻔했다 (when it actually rained).
正解: 비가 올 뻔했지만 안 왔다.

-기 십상이다 is strictly for negative outcomes. Use a different pattern for positive expectations.

Wrong: 좋은 일이 생기 십상이다.
正解: 나쁜 일이 생기기 십상이다.

このチャプターのルール (5)

1

〜のやり方次第だ (-기 나름이다)

C1
「やり方しだいで結果は変わる」というポジティブな主体性を強調する表現です。«어떻게» や «생각하기» などのキーワードと一緒に使って、ネイティブらしい深みのあるアドバイスをしてみましょう。
공부는 어떻게 하기 나름이에요.
10 例文
2

当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다

C1
「当然の結果」や「世の中の真理」を伝える魔法のフレーズ。«당연한 결과»や«인생의 진리»を語る時に使ってみましょう。
가는 말이 고와야 오는 말이 고운 법이다.
11 例文
3

～するものだ (게 마련이다)

C1
「-게 마련이다」は、物事が自然の流れで「そうなるのが当たり前だ」と伝える魔法のフレーズです。 «당연히»、«결국»、«언젠가» とセットで覚えましょう！
시간이 지나면 모든 슬픔은 잊혀지게 마련이에요.
12 例文
4

悪い結果になりやすい・～しがちだ (-기 십상이다)

C1
悪い結果が「十中八九」起こるという確信がある時に «-기 십상이다» を使いましょう。«十中八九» や «〜しがち» というニュアンスがポイントです。
If you don't take care of your umbrella, you're ap...
10 例文
5

危うく～するところだった (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)

C1
「危うく〜しそうになった」というニアミスを表現する魔法のフレーズです。«ㄹ/을 뻔했다» を使って、最悪の事態を免れた安堵感や、あと一歩だった悔しさを生き生きと伝えましょう。
하마터면 기차를 놓칠 뻔했어요.
10 例文

Next Steps

You've mastered the art of consequence! Keep that momentum going as we move into formal logic.

Listen to a Korean news editorial and identify the logical patterns used.

Continue to: Formal Logic and Flow

クイック練習 (10)

正しい形を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

세상에 공짜는 ___ 법이다. (この世にタダなものはないものだ。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 없는
形容詞の없다（ない）は例外的に-는を使い、없는 법이다となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다

人の性格について述べる際、文法的に正しく自然な文を選んでください。

人の性格に関する正しい文章を選んでください。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그건 사람 나름이에요.
「사람」は名詞なので、「-기」を挟まずに直接「나름이다」に接続します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜のやり方次第だ (-기 나름이다)

文章の中の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

돈은 쓰기 나름에 달려 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈은 쓰기 나름이에요.
「-기 나름이다」と「-기에 달려 있다」を一つのフレーズで混ぜて使うことはできません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜のやり方次第だ (-기 나름이다)

文章の不自然な点を見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

저는 내일 영화를 보게 마련입니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 내일 영화를 보려고 합니다.
「明日映画を見る」という個人的な予定に '-게 마련이다' は使えません。意志を表す '보려고 합니다' などが適切です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～するものだ (게 마련이다)

正しく使われている文章を選んでください。

正しい文章を選択してください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 운동을 안 하면 건강을 해치기 십상이에요.
-기 십상이다 は「健康を害する」のようなネガティブな結果にのみ使われます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 悪い結果になりやすい・～しがちだ (-기 십상이다)

活用の間違いを修正してください。

열심히 노력하면 언젠가는 성공할 법이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 열심히 노력하면 언젠가는 성공하는 법이다.
一般的な法則を表すには、未来連体形-ㄹではなく、現在連体形-는を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다

時制の間違いを修正してください。

계단에서 구를 뻔해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 계단에서 구를 뻔했어요.
危機が去った後の話なので、必ず過去形「뻔했다/뻔했어요」にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 危うく～するところだった (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)

以下の文章の間違いを見つけてください。

길이 미끄러워서 넘어지 십상이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 넘어지기 십상이에요.
십상이다 の前には必ず名詞化の '-기' を入れる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 悪い結果になりやすい・～しがちだ (-기 십상이다)

最も自然な文章を選んでください。

「人間はミスをするものだ」を正しく表現しているのは？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사람은 실수하게 마련이다.
'마련이다' は自然な必然性を表します。'예정（予定）' は個人の計画なので、人間の本質を語るには不適切です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～するものだ (게 마련이다)

「-는 법이다」が自然に使われている文を選んでください。

文法的に正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 시간이 지나면 상처는 아물기 마련이고, 잊혀지는 법이에요.
「時間は傷を癒やす」という普遍的な真理に使われており、特定の過去や未来の予定には使いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 当然の結末や自然の法則を語る：-는 법이다

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい、質的な依存関係がある文脈なら可能です。特に «하기», «공부하기», «말하기» などの動作動詞と相性が良いです。
「程度」「やり方」「性質」という意味です。したがって «하기 나름» は直訳すると「することの程度/やり方」となります。
直訳すると「〜するのが法（ルール）だ」となります。「법」は漢字の「{法|法}」から来ており、普遍的な真理を指します。 «사람은 죽는 법이다.»
いいえ、使えません。「내일 영화를 보는 법이에요」は間違いです。個人の予定は「-ㄹ 거예요」を使いましょう。
実質的に同じ意味で、入れ替え可能です。 «-기 마련이다» の方が少し口語的で会話でよく使われ、 «-게 마련이다» は少しだけ文章語的な響きがあります。
それが「運命」や「自然な結果」である場合のみ使えます。例えば「春は来るものだ」はOKですが、「ピザを買うことになっている」には «-게 마련이다» は使いません。
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Formal Logic and Flow
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