C1 · متقدم فصل 2

Describing Outcomes and Inevitabilities

5 القواعد الإجمالية
53 أمثلة
5 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the nuances of certainty, consequence, and near-misses to sound like a native Korean speaker.

  • Articulate how personal effort shapes individual outcomes.
  • Express universal truths and natural consequences with authority.
  • Identify and describe near-miss scenarios and negative probabilities.
Unlock the power of consequence and inevitability.

ما ستتعلمه

Ready to truly master the art of expressing certainty, consequence, and even near-disasters in Korean? This C1 chapter is where you'll unlock the subtle power to sound genuinely native. You’ll learn how to articulate not just what will happen, but *why* it will, *how* it depends on certain factors, and even what *almost* happened! We'll dive into five key grammar patterns: -기 나름이다, for when you want to emphasize that an outcome hinges on effort or perspective; -는 법이다, to state those undeniable universal truths or natural laws; -게 마련이다, for inevitabilities rooted in the natural order; -기 십상이다, a crucial tool for issuing strong warnings about highly probable negative results; and -ㄹ/을 뻔했다, to vividly recount those dramatic near-misses or missed opportunities. Why does this matter? Imagine confidently discussing complex life decisions, warning a friend about potential pitfalls, or sharing a thrilling anecdote about a close call. These aren't just grammar rules; they're your advanced toolkit for nuanced communication. By connecting how different degrees of certainty are expressed, you'll gain a deeper understanding of Korean thought patterns. After this chapter, you won't just understand advanced Korean conversations; you'll lead them. You'll be able to precisely explain why things happen, predict natural consequences, give sharp warnings, and captivate listeners with tales of things that almost were.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Explain how specific actions or mindsets lead to subjective outcomes using -기 나름이다.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Predict natural outcomes and warn of risks using -게 마련이다 and -기 십상이다.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Narrate past events that narrowly avoided a specific outcome using -ㄹ/을 뻔했다.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Welcome, advanced Korean learners, to a pivotal chapter designed to elevate your linguistic precision! At the C1 Korean level, true fluency goes beyond basic communication; it's about articulating nuanced thoughts, predicting outcomes, and sharing vivid experiences with native-like accuracy. This guide is your key to unlocking the subtle power of expressing certainty, consequence, and even near-disasters in Korean.
We'll explore five essential Korean grammar patterns that allow you to articulate not just *what* will happen, but *why* it will, *how* it depends on certain factors, and even what *almost* happened!
Mastering these structures is crucial for anyone aiming for native Korean speaker proficiency. You'll gain the ability to discuss complex life decisions, issue strong warnings about potential pitfalls, or recount thrilling anecdotes about close calls. By understanding how different degrees of certainty and inevitability are expressed, you'll gain a deeper insight into Korean thought patterns and communication styles.
Get ready to confidently lead advanced Korean conversations and impress with your sophisticated command of the language.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

This chapter introduces five powerful advanced Korean grammar patterns, each with a distinct role in expressing outcomes and inevitabilities.
First, -기 나름이다 (It Depends on How...) emphasizes that an outcome hinges on effort, perspective, or individual action. It conveys that results are not fixed but are contingent on
how one does it
or
what one makes of it.
For example: 성공은 노력하기 나름이다 (Success depends on how much effort you put in).
Next, -는 법이다 (Universal Truths & Laws) is used to state undeniable universal truths, natural laws, or general principles. It describes things that are inherently and consistently true. For instance: 사람은 누구나 죽기 마련이다 (Everyone is bound to die).
*Correction: This example was for -게 마련이다. Let's use a better one for -는 법이다.* Example: 뿌린 대로 거두는 법이다 (You reap what you sow – it's a universal truth).
Closely related is -게 마련이다 (Bound to happen), which expresses inevitability rooted in the natural order of things, a logical consequence, or a common human tendency. It suggests that something is simply bound to happen or
is to be expected.
Example: 열심히 노력하면 좋은 결과가 나오게 마련이다 (If you work hard, good results are bound to come out).
For strong warnings about highly probable negative results, we use -기 십상이다 (High Probability of Negative Results). This pattern is specifically for situations where a bad outcome is very likely. For example: 그렇게 계속 밤새면 건강을 해치기 십상이다 (If you keep staying up all night like that, it's highly probable you'll harm your health).
Finally, -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 (Almost Happened) vividly recounts dramatic near-misses or missed opportunities. It expresses that something almost occurred but didn't, often implying relief or regret. Example: 사고가 날 뻔했다 (There was almost an accident).

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Wrong: 열심히 공부하면 합격하기 십상이다. (If you study hard, you're highly likely to pass.)
Correct: 열심히 공부하면 합격할 수밖에 없다. (If you study hard, you have no choice but to pass.) / 열심히 공부하면 합격하기 마련이다. (If you study hard, you're bound to pass.)
*Explanation:* -기 십상이다 is almost exclusively used for negative outcomes. Using it for a positive outcome like passing an exam sounds unnatural and incorrect. For positive inevitability, consider -게 마련이다 or -ㄹ 수밖에 없다.
  1. 1Wrong: 어제 버스를 놓칠 뻔했어. (I almost missed the bus.) (when the bus was indeed missed)
Correct: 어제 버스를 놓칠 뻔했는데 다행히 탔어. (I almost missed the bus, but luckily I caught it.) / 어제 버스를 놓쳤어. (I missed the bus.)
*Explanation:* -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 implies that the event *did not* actually happen, despite coming close. If you actually missed the bus, you should just state that you missed it. If you want to emphasize the near-miss but ultimately caught it, use it with a contrasting clause like -았/었지만 or -았/었는데.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

이번 프로젝트 성공할 수 있을까요? (Will this project be successful?)
B

B

그건 우리 팀이 어떻게 하느냐에 나름이다. 최선을 다하면 좋은 결과가 있을 수밖에 없죠. (That depends on how our team handles it. If we do our best, there's no way but to have good results.)
A

A

요즘 잠을 너무 못 자서 걱정이에요. (I'm worried because I haven't been able to sleep much lately.)
B

B

그렇게 계속 무리하면 건강이 나빠지기 십상이다. 사람은 잠을 자야 회복하는 법이다! (If you keep overworking like that, it's highly probable your health will get worse. It's a universal truth that people need to sleep to recover!)
A

A

어제 운전하다가 큰 사고 날 뻔했어요. (Yesterday, I almost got into a big accident while driving.)
B

B

정말요? 조심하세요! 방심하면 언제든 사고는 나게 마련이다 (Really? Be careful! If you let your guard down, accidents are bound to happen at any time.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

What's the main difference between -는 법이다 and -게 마련이다?

-는 법이다 describes universal, inherent truths or general principles that are always true (e.g.,

what goes up must come down
). -게 마련이다 describes things that are naturally or logically bound to happen as a consequence or tendency (e.g., "if you don't study, you're bound to fail").

Q

Can -기 십상이다 be used for positive predictions?

No, -기 십상이다 is almost exclusively used to express a high probability of a *negative* outcome or undesirable result.

Q

How do I correctly conjugate verbs before -ㄹ/을 뻔했다?

You attach -ㄹ 뻔했다 to verb stems ending in a vowel or , and -을 뻔했다 to verb stems ending in a consonant (not ). For example, 가다 -> 갈 뻔했다; 먹다 -> 먹을 뻔했다.

Q

Is -기 나름이다 mostly about effort?

While often used with effort, -기 나름이다 can also refer to perspective or approach. It means the outcome depends on

how one does/views something
or
what one makes of it.

السياق الثقافي

These advanced Korean grammar patterns are deeply embedded in how Koreans express wisdom, caution, and shared understanding. -는 법이다 and -게 마련이다 often reflect a philosophical outlook on life and natural order, frequently used in proverbs or advice. -기 십상이다 serves as a vital tool for expressing concern and issuing strong, empathetic warnings, highlighting a communal sense of responsibility.
-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 allows for dramatic storytelling, fostering connection through shared experiences of close calls. Together, they demonstrate a nuanced approach to cause and effect that is characteristic of C1 Korean communication.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

1

공부는 어떻게 하기 나름이에요.

الدراسة تعتمد على كيفية قيامك بها.

الأمر يعتمد على كيفية... (-기 나름이다)
2

인생은 생각하기 나름이야.

الحياة تعتمد على طريقة تفكيرك فيها.

الأمر يعتمد على كيفية... (-기 나름이다)
3

가는 말이 고와야 오는 말이 고운 법이다.

يجب أن تكون الكلمات الخارجة طيبة لتعود إليك الكلمات الطيبة (كما تُدين تُدان).

قواعد الحياة والحقائق الثابتة: -는 법이다
4

요즘 너무 잠을 안 자네. 무리하면 병이 나는 법이야.

إنت مابتنامش خالص اليومين دول، لو ضغطت على نفسك أكيد هتمرض.

قواعد الحياة والحقائق الثابتة: -는 법이다
5

시간이 지나면 모든 슬픔은 잊혀지게 마련이에요.

مع مرور الوقت، لا بد أن يُنسى كل حزن.

لابد أن يحدث (-게 마련이다)
6

아무리 숨기려 해도 거짓말은 언젠가 들통나게 마련이야.

مهما حاولت إخفاءها، الكذبة لا بد أن تنكشف يومًا ما.

لابد أن يحدث (-게 마련이다)
7

하마터면 기차를 놓칠 뻔했어요.

كدتُ أفقد القطار (لولا ستر الله).

على وشك الحدوث: إتقان قاعدة كاد يفعل (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)
8

어제 길에서 넘어질 뻔했어.

كدتُ أسقط في الشارع أمس.

على وشك الحدوث: إتقان قاعدة كاد يفعل (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)

نصائح وحيل (4)

💡

قوة كلمة '어떻게'

في أغلب المحادثات الطبيعية، الكوريين بيحطوا كلمة '어떻게' (كيف) قبل الفعل عشان يزودوا التأكيد ويخلوا كلامهم يبان طبيعي أكتر: «어떻게 마음먹기 나름이에요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأمر يعتمد على كيفية... (-기 나름이다)
💬

هيبة الحكماء

استخدامك للقاعدة دي بيديك هيبة الشخص الخبير في الحياة؛ الكوريين بيستخدموها كتير في النصائح العميقة أو لما يتفلسفوا شوية وهما بيشربوا القهوة: «다 그런 법이야.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قواعد الحياة والحقائق الثابتة: -는 법이다
💬

هيبة الحكيم أو (السنباي)

استخدامك للقاعدة دي بيعطيك نبرة ناضجة وحكيمة. غالبًا بيستخدمها الكبار أو (السنباي) لما يعطون نصيحة للي أصغر منهم عشان يطمنوهم أو يوعوهم بمنطق الحياة، مثل: «고생 끝에 낙이 오게 마련입니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: لابد أن يحدث (-게 마련이다)
⚠️

ممنوع الإيجابية!

إياك تستخدم القاعدة دي مع حاجات حلوة زي النجاح أو الفوز؛ لو قلت لحد إنه 'غالباً هينجح' باستخدامها هيفتكرك بتتريق عليه: «✗ 합격하기 십상이에요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الاحتمالية العالية للنتائج السلبية (-기 십상이다)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

관점 (gwanjeom) perspective/viewpoint 필연적 (piryheonjeok) inevitable 방심 (bangsim) carelessness/neglect 성패 (seongpae) success or failure 위기 (wigi) crisis

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Discussing Career Success

Review Summary

  • Verb-기 나름이다
  • Verb-는 법이다
  • Verb-게 마련이다
  • Verb-기 십상이다
  • Verb-ㄹ/을 뻔했다

أخطاء شائعة

-기 나름이다 requires a verb indicating an action or choice, not just an event. You must specify the action that influences the result.

Wrong: 그것은 일어날 나름이다.
صحيح: 그것은 하기 나름이다.

-ㄹ/을 뻔했다 emphasizes that the event did NOT happen. If it did happen, do not use this pattern.

Wrong: 비가 올 뻔했다 (when it actually rained).
صحيح: 비가 올 뻔했지만 안 왔다.

-기 십상이다 is strictly for negative outcomes. Use a different pattern for positive expectations.

Wrong: 좋은 일이 생기 십상이다.
صحيح: 나쁜 일이 생기기 십상이다.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (5)

Next Steps

You've mastered the art of consequence! Keep that momentum going as we move into formal logic.

Listen to a Korean news editorial and identify the logical patterns used.

تدريب سريع (10)

اختر الجملة الأكثر طبيعية.

أي جملة تعبر بشكل صحيح عن 'البشر لا بد أن يخطئوا'؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
القاعدة '-게 마련이다' تعبر عن حتمية طبيعية في النفس البشرية، بينما '예정' تعبر عن خطة زمنية لا تناسب طبيعة البشر.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: لابد أن يحدث (-게 마련이다)

املأ الفراغ بالصيغة الصحيحة لفعل '생각하다' لتعني 'الأمر يعتمد على طريقة تفكيرك'.

모든 일은 어떻게 ______ 나름이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 생각하기
إنت محتاج صيغة الاسم (جذع الفعل + -기) قبل كلمة '나름이다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأمر يعتمد على كيفية... (-기 나름이다)

أي جملة بتستخدم -는 법이다 بشكل طبيعي؟

اختر الجملة الصحيحة لغوياً:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 시간이 지나면 상처는 아물기 마련이고, 잊혀지는 법이에요.
القاعدة دي للحقائق الكونية («الجروح بتلتئم مع الوقت»)، مش للأحداث الشخصية المحددة في الماضي أو المستقبل.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قواعد الحياة والحقائق الثابتة: -는 법이다

صحح الخطأ الموجود في الجملة التالية.

돈은 쓰기 나름에 달려 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈은 쓰기 나름이에요.
ما ينفعش نخلط بين '-기 나름이다' و '-기에 달려 있다' في نفس التعبير.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأمر يعتمد على كيفية... (-기 나름이다)

اكتشف الخطأ في التصريف وصححه.

열심히 노력하면 언젠가는 성공할 법이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 열심히 노력하면 언젠가는 성공하는 법이다.
عشان تعبر عن قاعدة عامة، استخدم صيغة الفعل المضارع -는 (성공하는 법이다)، مش صيغة المستقبل -ㄹ.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قواعد الحياة والحقائق الثابتة: -는 법이다

املأ الفراغ بالتصريف الصحيح للفعل 'ينكشف' (드러나다).

아무리 거짓말을 숨겨도 결국 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
بما أننا نتحدث عن حقيقة عامة وهي أن الكذب ينكشف في النهاية، نستخدم الصيغة الحتمية '-게 마련이다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: لابد أن يحدث (-게 마련이다)

املأ الفراغ بالصيغة الصحيحة.

세상에 공짜는 ___ 법이다. (مفيش حاجة ببلاش في الدنيا دي.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 없는
بالنسبة للصفة 없다 (لا يوجد)، بنستخدم -는 عشان تبقى 없는 법이다. (ملحوظة: 있다/없다 حالة خاصة بياخدوا -는 مش -은/ㄴ).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قواعد الحياة والحقائق الثابتة: -는 법이다

املأ الفراغ بالصيغة الصحيحة.

아침에 알람을 못 들어서 지각___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 할 뻔했어요
لقول 'كدت أتأخر'، نستخدم المعدل المستقبلي -ㄹ مع الفعل 하다 لتصبح (할)، متبوعة بـ 뻔했어요 في صيغة الماضي.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: على وشك الحدوث: إتقان قاعدة كاد يفعل (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)

أي جملة هي الصحيحة نحوياً؟

اختر الجملة التي تعبر عن نجاة من السقوط:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 길에서 넘어질 뻔했어요.
تتطلب القاعدة المعدل -ㄹ/을 وصيغة الماضي 뻔했다. جملة '넘어질 뻔해요' خاطئة لأنها في المضارع.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: على وشك الحدوث: إتقان قاعدة كاد يفعل (-ㄹ/을 뻔했다)

جد الخطأ في الجملة التالية.

저는 내일 영화를 보게 마련입니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
لا يمكن استخدام '-게 마련이다' لخطط شخصية محددة مثل مشاهدة فيلم غداً. الصحيح هو استخدام صيغة المستقبل أو النية.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: لابد أن يحدث (-게 마련이다)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

أيوه طبعاً، طالما السياق بيسمح بفكرة إن النتيجة بتعتمد على 'طريقة' الفعل، زي «하기» أو «말하기».
معناها الحرفي هو 'مدى' أو 'طبيعة' أو 'طريقة'، فجملة «하기 나름» معناها الحرفي 'مدى قيامك بالشيء'.
المعنى الحرفي هو 'إنه القانون' أو 'إنه المبدأ'. كلمة '법' جاية من الحروف الصينية {법|法} اللي معناها قانون، وده بيخلي الجملة تبان كأنها حقيقة مطلقة.
لأ طبعاً! ما ينفعش تقول «내일 영화를 보는 법이에요» عشان ده مش قانون كوني، الصح تقول «영화를 볼 거예요».
الاثنين تقريبًا نفس الشيء وبتقدر تبدل بينهم. لكن -기 마련이다 بنسمعها أكثر في الكلام اليومي، بينما -게 마련이다 بتبان أدبية أو مكتوبة أكثر شوي. استخدم اللي يريحك! «잊혀지기 마련이다» صحيحة تمامًا.
فقط لو كان الحدث ده «قدري» أو نتيجة طبيعية. مثلاً «الربيع لا بد أن يأتي» تنفع. لكن «أنا لا بد أن أشتري بيتزا» ما تنفعش لأنها قرار شخصي مش قانون طبيعي.