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A1 noun #3,000 よく出る 13分で読める

péché

上位3,000

練習する例文メモとヒント péché 30秒で

解説 péché in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'péché' primarily through the popular expression 'péché mignon'. This is a very useful phrase for talking about things you like but feel a little bit guilty about, such as eating too much candy or watching silly videos. You don't need to worry about the deep religious meanings yet. Just remember that it is a masculine noun ('un péché') and it's used to describe something 'bad' but often in a fun or light way. For example, if you love chocolate, you can say 'Le chocolat est mon péché mignon'. This helps you express your personality and preferences. You should also be aware that 'péché' means 'sin', but at this stage, you will mostly see it in very simple contexts or as part of this specific idiom. Focus on the pronunciation [pe-she] and don't confuse it with 'la pêche' (the peach), which you will also learn at this level. If you can use 'péché mignon' correctly, you are already ahead of the curve! It's a great way to sound more like a native speaker when discussing your hobbies and tastes. Remember: 'un péché' is the thing, and 'pécher' is the action (to sin). At A1, just stick to the noun and the 'mignon' expression. It's a friendly introduction to a word that has a lot of history.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'péché' in slightly more complex sentences. You might use it to describe something that is 'a shame' or 'a waste'. For example, 'C'est un péché de ne pas sortir quand il fait beau' (It's a sin/shame not to go out when the weather is nice). This shows you understand how the word is used hyperbolically in everyday French. You should also become more comfortable with the plural form 'les péchés' and how it sounds the same as the singular. At this level, you should definitely know the difference between 'péché' (sin) and 'pêche' (peach/fishing) and be careful with your accents. The acute accent in 'péché' is crucial. You might also encounter the Seven Deadly Sins in cultural contexts, so knowing that 'gourmandise' (gluttony) or 'colère' (wrath) are types of 'péchés' is helpful. You can start to pair the noun with basic verbs like 'faire' (though 'commettre' is better) or 'dire' (to say). Your goal at A2 is to move beyond just the 'péché mignon' and use the word to express minor moral judgments or observations about waste and missed opportunities in a casual way.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'péché' in its full moral and semi-religious sense. You should use the verb 'commettre' (to commit) instead of 'faire' when talking about a sin. You will encounter 'péché' in books, news articles, and films. You should understand the difference between 'un péché' and 'une faute'. While 'une faute' is a mistake, 'un péché' suggests a deeper moral failing. You can use phrases like 'confesser ses péchés' or 'demander pardon pour ses péchés'. You will also see 'péché' used metaphorically in social commentary. For instance, a politician's 'péché de jeunesse' (youthful sin/mistake) refers to something they did wrong when they were young that is now coming back to haunt them. You should be able to discuss moral topics using this word, expressing opinions on what is right and wrong. Your vocabulary should also include related words like 'pénitence', 'pardon', and 'culpabilité' (guilt). At this stage, you are expected to understand the cultural weight of the word in French history and how it influences modern French ethics, even in a secular society. You can also use it in the structure 'C'est un péché de + infinitive' to give strong advice or express regret about someone's actions.

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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'péché'. You can distinguish between 'un péché véniel' (a venial/minor sin) and 'un péché mortel' (a mortal/grave sin). You should be able to follow discussions about theology or philosophy where 'péché' is a central theme. You will recognize the word in classical French literature, such as the works of Racine or Pascal, where the struggle against 'le péché' is a major motif. You should also be aware of the verb 'pécher' and its conjugation, especially the change in accents (je pèche, nous péchons). At B2, you can use 'péché' to analyze characters in movies or books, discussing their 'péchés' and their search for 'rédemption'. You should also be comfortable with idioms like 'À tout péché miséricorde' (Every sin deserves mercy) and be able to explain their meaning in a discussion. Your use of 'péché' should reflect an understanding of its gravity and its lighter, ironic uses. You can use it to describe systemic issues, like the 'péché originel' of a political system or a historical event, indicating a flaw that has been there since the beginning. Your ability to use the word in different registers—from the religious to the culinary to the political—is a hallmark of this level.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'péché' with precision in academic or literary contexts. You should be able to discuss the evolution of the concept of 'péché' from the Middle Ages to the present day. You might analyze how 'le péché' is represented in French art and how it reflects the societal values of the time. You should be familiar with the 'sept péchés capitaux' and be able to discuss them in depth, perhaps linking them to modern psychological concepts. Your vocabulary will include more obscure related terms like 'impeccabilité' (the state of being without sin) or 'peccamineux' (sinful/relating to sin). You can use 'péché' in complex rhetorical structures to critique social behaviors or philosophical arguments. You will understand how authors like Camus or Sartre used (or rejected) the concept of 'péché' in their existentialist works. You should be able to write an essay on morality where 'péché' is a key term, providing a sophisticated analysis of its religious, social, and personal dimensions. At this level, you should also be sensitive to the stylistic effects of using 'péché' versus 'crime' or 'transgression' and choose the one that best fits the tone of your discourse. You are a master of the word's nuances and its cultural echoes.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'péché' is near-native. You can engage in high-level theological debates or philosophical inquiries where 'le péché' is the primary subject. You understand the most subtle connotations of the word in various historical periods of the French language. You can interpret and translate complex texts where 'péché' is used in archaic or highly poetic ways. You are aware of the etymological roots and how they have branched out into various modern meanings. You can use 'péché' to craft sophisticated irony or deep emotional resonance in your own writing. You might explore the intersection of 'péché' and 'la loi' (the law) in a legal-philosophical context. Your understanding extends to the way 'péché' interacts with other concepts like 'la grâce', 'le salut', and 'le néant'. You can appreciate and use the word in its most abstract forms, perhaps discussing 'le péché d'exister' in a pessimistic philosophical framework. For you, 'péché' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a tool for exploring the deepest aspects of human morality, history, and consciousness. You can navigate the transition from a 'péché mignon' at a dinner party to a 'péché métaphysique' in a lecture hall with ease and perfect register control.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

péché 30秒で

A masculine noun meaning 'sin', used in religious, moral, and hyperbolic contexts.
Commonly found in the phrase 'péché mignon' (guilty pleasure) to describe harmless indulgences.
Grammatically requires 'commettre' (to commit) and must be distinguished from 'la pêche' (peach/fishing).
Deeply rooted in French Catholic history but used secularly to mean 'a shame' or 'a waste'.

The French word péché is a masculine noun that translates primarily to 'sin' in English. At its core, it refers to a transgression against a set of moral or religious rules. In the context of the French language, which is deeply rooted in a history of Catholic influence, the word carries significant historical weight. However, in modern, secular France, the word has evolved to be used in various non-religious contexts, often with a touch of irony or lightheartedness. When you hear a French person talk about a péché, they might be discussing a deep theological failing, or they might simply be talking about their love for dark chocolate. This duality is what makes the word so versatile and essential for learners to understand. Historically, the word comes from the Latin peccatum, which refers to a fault, a mistake, or a stumble. This idea of 'stumbling' or 'missing the mark' is central to the concept. In a religious sense, it is an act that separates a person from the divine. In a social sense, it can refer to a grave error in judgment.

Theological Context: In formal religious discourse, it refers to the violation of the Ten Commandments or the commission of one of the seven deadly sins (les sept péchés capitaux). These include pride (l'orgueil), greed (l'avarice), lust (la luxure), envy (l'envie), gluttony (la gourmandise), wrath (la colère), and sloth (la paresse).

Confesser ses péchés est une pratique courante dans la religion catholique.

Beyond the church, the most common way you will encounter this word is in the expression péché mignon. This translates literally to 'cute sin,' but it means a 'guilty pleasure'—something you know is slightly bad for you or a bit indulgent, but you love it anyway. For example, binge-watching a reality show or eating an extra croissant. This usage is very common in casual conversation and is entirely secular.

Social Context: In a non-religious but serious way, calling something a 'péché' can highlight a moral failing or a great waste. For instance, 'C'est un péché de jeter toute cette nourriture' (It's a sin to throw away all this food) implies a moral wrongness regarding wastefulness.

Mon péché mignon, c'est de dormir jusqu'à midi le dimanche.

Literary Usage: In French literature, from Victor Hugo to Baudelaire, the concept of 'péché' is explored as a fundamental part of the human condition, often linked to guilt, redemption, and the struggle between good and evil.

L'homme est né dans le péché, selon certaines doctrines anciennes.

Ce n'est pas un péché mortel, juste une petite erreur.

Elle considère que mentir est le plus grand des péchés.

Understanding 'péché' requires recognizing its movement from the altar to the dinner table. It is a word that can describe the weight of the soul or the lightness of a chocolate truffle.

Using the word péché correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun and the specific verbs it typically pairs with. Because it is a noun, it almost always requires an article (le, un, des, ce). The most common verb used with 'péché' is commettre (to commit). You don't 'do' a sin in French; you 'commit' one. For example: 'Il a commis un péché' (He committed a sin). Another frequent verb is confesser (to confess). In a more abstract sense, you might use absoudre (to absolve) or pardonner (to forgive).

Common Verb Pairings: Commettre un péché (to commit a sin), racheter un péché (to atone for a sin), succomber au péché (to succumb to sin).

Personne n'est sans péché dans cette histoire complexe.

When using 'péché' to describe an action, we often use the structure 'C'est un péché de + [infinitive]'. This is a very natural way to express that something is morally wrong or simply a great shame. 'C'est un péché de gaspiller une telle opportunité' (It's a sin to waste such an opportunity). Here, 'péché' functions as a hyperbolic way to say 'a shame' or 'a waste'.

Adjective Agreement: Since 'péché' is masculine, accompanying adjectives must be masculine. For example: un péché mortel (a mortal sin), un péché véniel (a venial sin), un gros péché (a big sin).

Le péché originel est un concept central de la Genèse.

Another important structure is the 'péché de + [noun]'. This is used to categorize the sin. 'Le péché d'orgueil' (the sin of pride), 'le péché de gourmandise' (the sin of gluttony). In everyday language, 'péché mignon' is the most frequent construction. Note that 'mignon' (cute/sweet) follows 'péché' and agrees with it. 'Le chocolat est mon péché mignon'. You wouldn't say 'ma péché mignon' because 'péché' is masculine.

Hyperbolic Usage: In casual speech, 'C'est un péché !' can be used as an exclamation when someone sees something beautiful being ruined or something delicious being ignored.

Ne pas finir ce gâteau serait un véritable péché.

Chaque péché mérite une réflexion sur soi-même.

Il a avoué son péché avec beaucoup de regrets.

Finally, in poetic or high-level French, 'péché' can be used without an article in certain phrases like 'vivre dans le péché' (to live in sin), which historically referred to an unmarried couple living together. While this phrase is dated, you will still see it in literature and films set in the past.

The word péché resonates through various layers of French society, from the solemnity of a cathedral to the chatter of a Parisian café. In a religious context, you will hear it during a Catholic Mass, particularly during the 'Confiteor' where the faithful admit they have sinned ('j'ai péché'). This is perhaps the most traditional and formal setting for the word. In this environment, 'péché' is a grave term, associated with the need for 'pénitence' (penance) and 'pardon' (forgiveness).

In the Media: News reports might use 'péché' metaphorically to describe political scandals or ethical breaches. A journalist might say, 'Le péché originel de cette réforme...' to describe a fundamental flaw that existed from the very beginning of a project.

Dans ce film, le protagoniste essaie de fuir les péchés de son passé.

In the culinary world, 'péché' is used almost exclusively in the phrase péché mignon. If you watch French cooking shows like 'Le Meilleur Pâtissier', you will frequently hear contestants and judges talk about their 'péché mignon'. It’s a way to humanize themselves by admitting to a small, harmless weakness for a specific food. 'Le fromage, c'est mon péché mignon' is a classic French sentiment.

In Literature and Cinema: French cinema often explores themes of guilt. Movies by directors like Robert Bresson or Eric Rohmer frequently deal with the concept of 'péché' in the context of human relationships and moral choices. You'll hear characters debating whether an action constitutes a 'péché' or simply a mistake.

C'est un péché de ne pas profiter de cette belle journée ensoleillée.

You will also find 'péché' in many proverbs and old sayings. For instance, 'À tout péché miséricorde' is a common expression meaning that every sin deserves mercy, or that one should be willing to forgive any fault. This reflects a deeply ingrained cultural value of forgiveness and the recognition of human fallibility.

Pop Culture: In French pop songs, 'péché' is often used to describe forbidden love or a romantic betrayal. It adds a layer of drama and 'poids' (weight) to the lyrics, suggesting that the love affair has consequences beyond just the two people involved.

Mon seul péché a été de t'aimer trop fort.

Il a été puni pour ses péchés de jeunesse.

La gourmandise est souvent considérée comme le plus doux des péchés.

In summary, 'péché' is not a word confined to the past. It is active in the way French people evaluate behavior, enjoy their pleasures, and describe the complexities of life. Whether it's a 'péché capital' or a 'péché mignon', the word helps define the boundaries of what is acceptable and what is delightfully or dangerously 'wrong'.

For English speakers learning French, the word péché is a minefield of potential errors, primarily due to its similarity to other words. The most frequent mistake is confusing péché (sin) with pêche (peach or fishing). While they look similar, the accents and gender change everything. 'Le péché' (the sin) uses an acute accent (é) and is masculine. 'La pêche' (the peach or the act of fishing) uses a circumflex accent (ê) and is feminine. Saying 'J'ai mangé un péché' would mean 'I ate a sin,' which might sound poetic but is likely not what you meant if you were enjoying a piece of fruit!

The Accent Trap: Péché (acute accent) = Sin. Pêche (circumflex accent) = Peach/Fishing. The pronunciation is also different: [pe-she] for sin vs [pɛsh] for peach.

Attention : 'Le péché' n'est pas 'la pêche'. Ne mélangez pas les accents !

Another common error involves the verb 'to sin'. The verb is pécher. In the passé composé, the past participle is also péché. For example: 'Il a péché' (He has sinned). Beginners often confuse the noun 'péché' with the verb 'pécher' or the verb 'pêcher' (to fish). Because 'pécher' (to sin) and 'pêcher' (to fish) are pronounced differently but look similar, even native speakers sometimes make typos. However, for a learner, the main issue is usually oral. 'Il va pêcher' (He is going to fish) sounds like [pe-she], while 'Il a péché' (He sinned) also sounds like [pe-she]. Context is key!

Grammatical Gender: Always remember 'péché' is masculine. A common mistake is saying 'une péché' because many abstract moral concepts in French (like 'la vertu', 'la morale') are feminine. 'Le péché' is the exception you must memorize.

C'est un péché (masculin), pas une péché.

Misusing the phrase 'péché mignon' is also a pitfall. Some learners try to translate 'guilty pleasure' literally as 'plaisir coupable'. While 'plaisir coupable' is becoming more common due to English influence (Anglicism), 'péché mignon' is the authentic, traditional French way to say it. Using 'plaisir coupable' might sound a bit like a translation rather than natural French.

Oublier son parapluie n'est pas un péché, c'est juste une erreur.

Ne dites pas 'je suis péché', dites 'j'ai commis un péché'.

Finally, watch out for the plural. While 'péchés' adds an 's', the pronunciation does not change. Do not pronounce the 's'. The distinction between singular and plural comes from the article (le vs les).

In French, several words share the semantic field of péché, but each has its own nuance. Understanding these differences will help you choose the right word for the right situation. The most common alternative is une faute. While 'péché' is religious or moral, 'une faute' is more general. It can be a mistake in a game, a grammatical error, or a professional lapse. 'C'est ma faute' (It's my fault) is much more common than 'C'est mon péché'.

Péché vs. Faute: 'Péché' implies a transgression against a higher law (divine or moral). 'Faute' is a failure to meet a standard, rule, or expectation in any context.

Il a fait une faute d'orthographe, pas un péché.

Another related word is un crime. A 'crime' is a violation of the law of the land, punishable by the state. A 'péché' might not be a 'crime' (like lying to a friend), and a 'crime' is always seen as a 'péché' in a moral sense, but the legal system only cares about the 'crime'. Then there is un vice. A 'vice' is a habitual 'péché' or a moral weakness that is part of someone's character, like 'le vice du jeu' (gambling vice).

Comparison of Terms: - **Péché**: Moral/Religious transgression. - **Erreur**: Intellectual mistake (wrong answer). - **Offense**: A sin directed at someone specifically (to offend). - **Blasphème**: A sin specifically against something sacred.

Son plus grand péché est son indifférence envers les autres.

For lighter contexts, you might use un travers. This refers to a quirk or a minor character flaw. It's much softer than 'péché'. If you want to talk about something that is 'a shame', you can use dommage. 'C'est dommage' is the neutral 'It's a pity', whereas 'C'est un péché' is the emphatic 'It's a sin/shame'.

The 'Mignon' alternatives: Instead of 'péché mignon', you could say 'ma petite faiblesse' (my little weakness). It carries the same lighthearted meaning.

Chacun a ses petits travers et ses péchés secrets.

L'avarice est un péché qui isole l'individu.

Finally, in a very formal or literary context, you might encounter iniquité (iniquity), which refers to a gross injustice or wickedness. It is a much stronger and rarer word than 'péché', reserved for truly heinous acts. By choosing between these synonyms, you can express precisely how 'bad' or 'wrong' an action really is in the French worldview.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'impeccable' actually comes from the same root. It literally means 'someone who cannot sin' (in- + peccare). Today, we just use it for a clean room!

発音ガイド

UK /pe.ʃe/

US /peɪ.ʃeɪ/

Even stress on both syllables, as is typical in French.

韻が合う語

marché touché cliché caché attaché fâché péché (verb) pêché (past participle)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 's' in the plural 'péchés'.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'pêche' [pɛʃ].
Making the 'é' sound too much like 'ee'.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize but watch the accents to avoid confusion with 'pêche'.

ライティング 3/5

The accent 'é' and the masculine gender are small hurdles.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward as long as you don't say the 's'.

リスニング 3/5

Can be confused with 'pêché' (sinned) or 'pêcher' (to fish) in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

mal mauvais religion petit mignon

次に学ぶ

pardonner confesser faute erreur vertu

上級

absolution pénitence rédemption transgression iniquité

知っておくべき文法

Masculine vs Feminine Nouns

Le péché (masculine) vs La pêche (feminine).

Infinitive after 'C'est un péché de'

C'est un péché de MANGER tout le gâteau.

Past Participle as Adjective

Un péché AVOUÉ (a confessed sin).

Plural Nouns ending in 's'

Les péchés (silent 's').

Verbs taking 'à'

Succomber AU (à + le) péché.

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レベル別の例文

Le chocolat est mon péché mignon.

Chocolate is my guilty pleasure.

'Péché mignon' is a fixed masculine phrase.

C'est un péché.

It is a sin.

Uses the masculine article 'un'.

Elle a un petit péché mignon : les chaussures.

She has a little guilty pleasure: shoes.

'Petit' agrees with the masculine 'péché'.

Le péché est une mauvaise chose.

Sin is a bad thing.

Simple subject-verb-complement structure.

Quel est ton péché mignon ?

What is your guilty pleasure?

Interrogative sentence using 'quel' (masculine).

Mon péché mignon, c'est le fromage.

My guilty pleasure is cheese.

The comma adds emphasis to the subject.

Ce n'est pas un péché de manger un gâteau.

It is not a sin to eat a cake.

Negation using 'ne... pas'.

Il dit que c'est un péché.

He says it is a sin.

Simple reported speech.

C'est un péché de rester à l'intérieur aujourd'hui.

It's a sin to stay inside today.

'C'est un péché de' + infinitive expresses a shame.

Il a commis un petit péché.

He committed a small sin.

'Commettre' is the appropriate verb for a sin.

Les sept péchés capitaux sont célèbres.

The seven deadly sins are famous.

Plural form 'péchés'.

La gourmandise est un péché, mais c'est bon !

Gluttony is a sin, but it's good!

Contrast using 'mais'.

Elle ne veut pas commettre de péché.

She doesn't want to commit a sin.

'De' replaces 'un' in a negative sentence.

C'est un péché de jeter ce pain.

It's a sin to throw away this bread.

Hyperbolic use of 'péché' for waste.

Est-ce un péché de mentir un peu ?

Is it a sin to lie a little?

Question using 'est-ce que' structure.

Mon grand-père parlait souvent du péché.

My grandfather often spoke about sin.

Use of the imperfect tense 'parlait'.

Il est allé au confessionnal pour avouer ses péchés.

He went to the confessional to confess his sins.

'Avouer' is a synonym for 'confesser'.

Dans cette religion, le péché est pardonné par Dieu.

In this religion, sin is forgiven by God.

Passive voice 'est pardonné'.

C'est un péché contre la nature de polluer ainsi.

It's a sin against nature to pollute like this.

'Péché contre' + noun.

Il essaie de racheter ses péchés par de bonnes actions.

He tries to atone for his sins through good deeds.

'Racheter' means to atone or redeem.

Le péché d'orgueil l'a conduit à sa perte.

The sin of pride led to his downfall.

'Le péché de' + specific sin.

Elle se sent coupable d'avoir commis ce péché.

She feels guilty for having committed this sin.

'Coupable d'avoir' + past participle.

À tout péché miséricorde, il faut savoir pardonner.

Every sin deserves mercy, one must know how to forgive.

Use of a traditional proverb.

Le prêtre a parlé du péché originel pendant le sermon.

The priest spoke about original sin during the sermon.

Specific theological term 'péché originel'.

La frontière entre une simple erreur et un péché est parfois floue.

The border between a simple mistake and a sin is sometimes blurred.

Comparison between 'erreur' and 'péché'.

Il considère l'indifférence comme le plus grand des péchés.

He considers indifference as the greatest of sins.

Superlative 'le plus grand des'.

L'auteur explore le thème du péché et de la rédemption.

The author explores the theme of sin and redemption.

Literary analysis terminology.

Ce scandale est le péché originel de son mandat politique.

This scandal is the original sin of his political mandate.

Metaphorical use in politics.

Succomber au péché est une faiblesse humaine universelle.

Succumbing to sin is a universal human weakness.

'Succomber à' + noun.

Il a été absous de tous ses péchés après sa confession.

He was absolved of all his sins after his confession.

'Absoudre' is a formal religious verb.

Le péché véniel ne nécessite pas une pénitence sévère.

A venial sin does not require severe penance.

Use of the technical adjective 'véniel'.

Certains philosophes nient l'existence même du péché.

Some philosophers deny the very existence of sin.

Philosophical context.

L'œuvre de Baudelaire est imprégnée de la notion de péché.

Baudelaire's work is permeated with the notion of sin.

'Imprégné de' + noun.

L'iniquité de ses actes dépasse le simple concept de péché.

The iniquity of his acts goes beyond the simple concept of sin.

Use of the high-level synonym 'iniquité'.

La culpabilité liée au péché peut devenir un fardeau psychologique.

The guilt associated with sin can become a psychological burden.

'Lié à' + noun.

Elle refuse de vivre dans le péché, malgré les mœurs modernes.

She refuses to live in sin, despite modern customs.

'Vivre dans le péché' is an idiomatic expression.

Le péché de chair était autrefois sévèrement condamné par la société.

The sin of the flesh was once severely condemned by society.

'Péché de chair' is a literary term for lust.

L'absolution des péchés est au cœur de la liturgie catholique.

The absolution of sins is at the heart of the Catholic liturgy.

Formal noun 'absolution'.

Il analyse le péché non comme une faute morale, mais comme une aliénation.

He analyzes sin not as a moral fault, but as an alienation.

Philosophical contrast.

Les péchés de nos ancêtres pèsent parfois sur les générations futures.

The sins of our ancestors sometimes weigh on future generations.

Metaphorical weight.

L'ontologie du péché chez Saint Augustin influence encore la pensée occidentale.

The ontology of sin in Saint Augustine still influences Western thought.

High-level philosophical vocabulary.

Le péché n'est-il qu'une construction sociale visant à policer les désirs ?

Is sin merely a social construct aimed at policing desires?

Complex rhetorical question.

La dialectique entre le péché et la grâce structure le récit.

The dialectic between sin and grace structures the narrative.

Literary criticism terminology.

Elle explore la dimension peccamineuse de l'existence humaine.

She explores the sinful dimension of human existence.

Use of the rare adjective 'peccamineuse'.

L'impeccabilité est un attribut divin inaccessible à l'homme.

Impeccability is a divine attribute inaccessible to man.

Use of the theological term 'impeccabilité'.

Le péché devient ici une métaphore de l'absurdité de la condition humaine.

Sin here becomes a metaphor for the absurdity of the human condition.

Existentialist analysis.

L'expiation du péché par le sacrifice est un motif récurrent.

The expiation of sin through sacrifice is a recurring motif.

Formal noun 'expiation'.

Il déconstruit la notion de péché pour en révéler les mécanismes de pouvoir.

He deconstructs the notion of sin to reveal its power mechanisms.

Sociological/Post-structuralist context.

よく使う組み合わせ

commettre un péché

péché mignon

péché capital

péché originel

péché mortel

péché véniel

confesser ses péchés

racheter ses péchés

vivre dans le péché

absoudre les péchés

よく使うフレーズ

C'est un péché !

— It's a sin! (Used when something good is wasted).

Jeter ce vin, c'est un péché !

À tout péché miséricorde.

— Every sin deserves mercy.

Il a fait une erreur, mais à tout péché miséricorde.

Laver ses péchés.

— To wash away one's sins.

Il espère laver ses péchés.

Un péché de jeunesse.

— A youthful mistake.

Ce n'était qu'un péché de jeunesse.

Pécher par excès de...

— To sin/err by too much of something.

Il pèche par excès de confiance.

Le péché de chair.

— Sins of the flesh (sexual sins).

On parlait autrefois du péché de chair.

C'est un péché de + infinitive.

— It is a shame to...

C'est un péché de ne pas manger ce dessert.

Péché avoué est à moitié pardonné.

— A confessed sin is half forgiven.

Dis-moi la vérité, péché avoué est à moitié pardonné.

Succomber au péché.

— To give in to sin.

Il est difficile de ne pas succomber au péché.

Le poids du péché.

— The weight of sin (guilt).

Il porte le poids de son péché.

よく混同される語

péché vs pêche

Means 'peach' or 'fishing'. It is feminine and has a different accent (ê).

péché vs pécher

The verb 'to sin'. The past participle is identical (péché).

péché vs pêcher

The verb 'to fish'. Pronounced differently but looks similar.

慣用句と表現

"Péché mignon"

— A little weakness or guilty pleasure.

Les séries télé sont mon péché mignon.

informal

"Vivre dans le péché"

— To live together without being married (archaic).

Mes grands-parents vivaient dans le péché.

literary/dated

"À tout péché miséricorde"

— One should forgive all faults.

Soyons indulgents, à tout péché miséricorde.

formal

"Péché avoué est à moitié pardonné"

— Telling the truth makes the fault less serious.

Allez, avoue, péché avoué est à moitié pardonné.

neutral

"Pécher par omission"

— To sin by failing to do something.

Il a péché par omission en ne disant rien.

neutral

"Le péché originel"

— A fundamental flaw present from the start.

C'est le péché originel de ce projet.

metaphorical

"Péché de gourmandise"

— The sin of gluttony (often used playfully).

C'est mon petit péché de gourmandise.

informal

"Un vieux péché"

— An old fault that resurfaces.

Il a été rattrapé par un vieux péché.

neutral

"Péché capital"

— A major or fundamental sin.

L'orgueil est son péché capital.

neutral

"Pécher contre l'esprit"

— To act against logic or common sense.

C'est pécher contre l'esprit que de refuser cette aide.

literary

間違えやすい

péché vs pêche

Similar spelling and sound.

Péché (sin) is masculine with an acute accent. Pêche (peach) is feminine with a circumflex.

Je mange une pêche (fruit) / C'est un péché (sin).

péché vs pécher

Verb form of the noun.

Péché is the noun (a sin). Pécher is the action (to sin).

Il a commis un péché / Il a péché.

péché vs pêcher

Verb meaning 'to fish'.

Pêcher (to fish) has a circumflex accent. Pécher (to sin) has an acute accent.

Je vais pêcher des poissons / Il ne faut pas pécher.

péché vs faute

Similar meaning.

Faute is a general mistake. Péché is a moral or religious transgression.

Une faute de frappe / Un péché d'orgueil.

péché vs erreur

Similar meaning.

Erreur is an intellectual mistake. Péché is a moral failing.

Une erreur de calcul / Un péché mortel.

文型パターン

Le [nom] est mon péché mignon.

Le chocolat est mon péché mignon.

C'est un péché de [verbe].

C'est un péché de gaspiller.

Il a commis un péché de [nom].

Il a commis un péché d'orgueil.

[Nom] est un péché capital.

La colère est un péché capital.

Il essaie de racheter ses péchés.

À tout péché miséricorde.

À tout péché miséricorde, je te pardonne.

Vivre dans le péché.

Ils ont vécu dans le péché pendant des années.

L'expiation du péché.

L'expiation du péché est un thème central.

語族

名詞

pécheur (sinner - masc)

pécheresse (sinner - fem)

peccadille (peccadillo/minor sin)

動詞

pécher (to sin)

形容詞

peccamineux (sinful - literary)

impeccable (originally: without sin)

使い方

frequency

Common in specific idioms and religious/moral discussions.

よくある間違い

J'ai mangé un péché. → J'ai mangé une pêche.
You ate a peach, not a sin. Check your accent and gender!
C'est une péché. → C'est un péché.
Péché is masculine.
Il a péché des poissons. → Il a pêché des poissons.
'Pécher' is to sin; 'pêcher' is to fish. The accent matters.
Mon plaisir coupable est... → Mon péché mignon est...
'Plaisir coupable' is an Anglicism. 'Péché mignon' is more natural.
Je confesse mes pêches. → Je confesse mes péchés.
Don't confess your peaches; confess your sins.

ヒント

The Fruit Test

If you can eat it, it's 'la pêche'. If you feel guilty, it's 'le péché'.

Always Masculine

Never say 'la péché'. It is always 'le' or 'un'.

Guilty Pleasures

Use 'péché mignon' to talk about your love for chocolate or Netflix. It's very French!

Silent S

In 'les péchés', the 's' is silent. It sounds exactly like 'le péché'.

Acute Accent

The accent in péché is always acute (é). It's the same as in 'café'.

Original Sin

Use 'péché originel' to describe a project that had a flaw from the start.

Gourmandise

'Le péché de gourmandise' is the most popular way to talk about loving food.

Waste

Say 'C'est un péché de jeter ça !' when someone throws away something good.

Sin vs Crime

Remember: a 'péché' is moral/religious; a 'crime' is legal.

Steeple Mnemonic

The 'é' points up like a church steeple. Church = Péché.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Péché' as 'PAY-SHAY'. You have to PAY for your sins in the SHADE of the church.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person hiding a chocolate bar (péché mignon) behind a church pillar.

Word Web

religion confession chocolat mignon faute pardon enfer paradis

チャレンジ

Try to describe three of your 'péchés mignons' in French using the phrase 'Mon péché mignon, c'est...'.

語源

From the Old French 'pechie', which comes from the Latin 'peccatum' (fault, sin, error).

元の意味： In Latin, 'peccatum' meant a mistake, a stumble, or a blunder, before taking on a heavy religious meaning.

Romance (Latin-based).

文化的な背景

Be aware that 'péché' can be a sensitive word in strictly religious contexts, but it is generally safe to use 'péché mignon' in any social setting.

In English, 'sin' sounds very heavy and religious. In French, 'péché' can be just as heavy, but 'péché mignon' is much more common and lighthearted than 'guilty pleasure'.

Les Sept Péchés capitaux (various films and paintings) Victor Hugo's 'Les Misérables' (themes of sin and redemption) Baudelaire's 'Les Fleurs du Mal'

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At a restaurant

C'est mon péché mignon.
Quel péché de ne pas finir ce plat !
La gourmandise est un beau péché.

In a church

Confesser ses péchés.
Demander le pardon des péchés.
Le péché originel.

Discussing ethics

C'est un péché moral.
Commettre un péché.
Racheter ses péchés.

Talking about the past

Un péché de jeunesse.
Il a beaucoup péché dans sa vie.
Les péchés du passé.

Expressing regret

C'est un péché de gâcher ça.
Quel péché !
C'est un véritable péché.

会話のきっかけ

"Quel est ton péché mignon quand il s'agit de nourriture ?"

"Est-ce que tu penses que mentir est toujours un péché ?"

"Connais-tu les sept péchés capitaux en français ?"

"Est-ce un péché de ne pas aimer le fromage en France ?"

"Quel est ton plus grand péché de jeunesse ?"

日記のテーマ

Décrivez votre péché mignon préféré et pourquoi vous l'aimez tant.

Pensez-vous que la notion de péché est encore importante dans le monde moderne ?

Racontez une fois où vous avez dit 'C'est un péché !' à propos de quelque chose qui a été gaspillé.

Lequel des sept péchés capitaux est le plus difficile à éviter selon vous ?

Analysez un personnage de livre qui essaie de racheter ses péchés.

よくある質問

10 問

No. While it has religious roots, it is used secularly to mean 'a shame' or in the phrase 'péché mignon' for guilty pleasures.

Think of 'un péché' as a 'man-made' mistake in a patriarchal religious history. It is masculine.

It literally means 'cute sin' and is the French equivalent of a 'guilty pleasure', usually involving food or small habits.

No. 'Péché' is [pe-she] (two syllables). 'Pêche' is [pɛsh] (one syllable).

No, use 'une faute' or 'une erreur' for a typo.

The seven deadly sins: pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, and sloth.

Yes, especially 'péché mignon' and the hyperbolic 'C'est un péché !'.

The noun is 'péché'. The verb is 'pécher'. They are related but used differently.

A mistake or 'sin' committed when one was young and inexperienced.

'Vivre dans le péché', though it is a bit old-fashioned now.

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