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B1 noun #1,500 よく出る 13分で読める

structure

上位1,500

練習する例文メモとヒント structure 30秒で

解説 structure in your Level:

When you are just beginning to learn French at the A1 level, the word 'structure' might seem like a big, complicated word, but it is actually very useful and easy to understand because it looks and sounds very similar to the English word. At this stage, you will mostly encounter 'la structure' when talking about physical buildings or very simple organizations. Imagine you are walking down a street in Paris and you see a large, impressive building. You might hear someone refer to it as a 'belle structure' (beautiful structure). Because it is a feminine noun, you must always remember to use the feminine articles 'la' (the) or 'une' (a). For example, 'C'est une grande structure' means 'It is a large structure.' Learning the gender of nouns is one of the most important steps in A1 French, so associating 'structure' with 'la' from the very beginning will help you avoid mistakes later. Furthermore, you can use this word to describe the basic layout of things you are learning. For instance, when your teacher explains how to build a sentence, they might talk about 'la structure de la phrase' (the structure of the sentence). Understanding this helps you grasp that French sentences often follow a Subject-Verb-Object pattern, much like English. Even though you might not use this word every single day in basic conversations like ordering a croissant or asking for directions, recognizing it will boost your confidence. It is a cognate, meaning it shares the same root as the English word, which makes it a 'freebie' for your vocabulary list. You don't have to work hard to memorize its meaning, only its pronunciation and gender. The pronunciation can be a bit tricky for beginners because of the French 'u' and the 'r'. The 'u' requires you to round your lips as if you are going to say 'o' but then say 'ee', and the 'r' is produced in the back of the throat. Practicing the word 'structure' is actually a fantastic phonetic exercise for A1 learners. By repeating 'la structure', you are training your mouth to produce two of the most distinctly French sounds. In your A1 exercises, you might see sentences like 'La structure est nouvelle' (The structure is new) or 'Je vois une structure' (I see a structure). These simple subject-verb-object sentences are the perfect way to practice. As you continue to build your vocabulary, remember that 'structure' is a foundational word. It is the building block for more complex ideas you will express as you move to A2 and B1. For now, focus on its physical meaning, its feminine gender, and its pronunciation. Keep practicing, and soon, using words like 'structure' will feel completely natural to you.

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As you progress to the A2 level in French, your ability to describe the world around you expands significantly, and the word 'structure' becomes a much more active part of your vocabulary. At this stage, you are moving beyond simply identifying objects to describing how things are organized in your daily life. You might use 'structure' to talk about your daily routine or the organization of your week. For example, you could say, 'J'aime avoir une bonne structure dans ma journée' (I like to have a good structure in my day). This shows that you understand the abstract meaning of the word—that it's not just about buildings, but about the framework of time and activities. You will also start encountering 'structure' more frequently in reading comprehension exercises. When reading short texts about a city, a school, or a family, the text might describe 'la structure de la ville' (the structure of the city) or 'la structure familiale' (the family structure). Understanding these phrases helps you grasp the main idea of the text much faster. Grammatically, at the A2 level, you are learning to use more adjectives. You can now describe a structure in more detail. Instead of just saying 'une grande structure', you might say 'une structure ancienne et belle' (an old and beautiful structure) or 'une structure moderne en verre' (a modern glass structure). This is a great opportunity to practice adjective agreement, remembering that because 'structure' is feminine, your adjectives must also be in the feminine form (ancienne, moderne, belle). Furthermore, you will start using prepositions more confidently with this word. You might say 'Dans cette structure, il y a beaucoup de bureaux' (In this structure, there are many offices) or 'Le toit de la structure est rouge' (The roof of the structure is red). These sentences demonstrate a growing ability to link ideas and describe spatial relationships. You might also start using the verb form 'structurer' in simple contexts. For instance, a teacher might tell you, 'Il faut structurer ton texte' (You must structure your text). Recognizing that 'structurer' is an action related to the noun 'structure' helps you build word families, which is a key strategy for vocabulary expansion at the A2 level. While you are still dealing with relatively simple concepts, the word 'structure' acts as a bridge to more complex thinking. It allows you to express ideas about organization, planning, and physical frameworks, making your French sound more mature and descriptive. Keep practicing its pronunciation, especially the challenging 'u' and 'r' sounds, and ensure you always pair it with feminine articles and adjectives.

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Reaching the B1 level is a major milestone in your French learning journey, and it is here that the word 'structure' truly shines as an essential piece of vocabulary. At B1, you are expected to express opinions, write coherent essays, and understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. In this context, 'structure' becomes heavily associated with academic and intellectual organization. When preparing for exams like the DELF B1, a significant portion of your score in the 'production écrite' (written production) depends on how well you organize your thoughts. Your teachers will constantly remind you about 'la structure de l'essai' (the structure of the essay). You must understand how to build an introduction, a development (body paragraphs), and a conclusion. Using the word 'structure' to discuss your own writing shows a level of meta-awareness expected at this stage. You might say, 'Ma structure est claire, mais je dois améliorer mon vocabulaire' (My structure is clear, but I need to improve my vocabulary). Beyond the classroom, B1 learners start discussing societal and professional topics. You will hear and use 'structure' to talk about companies and organizations. Phrases like 'la structure de l'entreprise' (the company structure) or 'une structure associative' (an associative structure) become common. You might read articles about how a company is changing its structure to be more efficient. This requires an understanding of the word in a highly abstract, organizational sense. Grammatically, you are now capable of using 'structure' in more complex sentence patterns. You will use relative pronouns to connect ideas: 'C'est une structure qui est très solide' (It is a structure that is very solid) or 'La structure dont je parle est nouvelle' (The structure I am talking about is new). You will also use it with a wider variety of verbs, such as 'analyser' (to analyze), 'modifier' (to modify), or 'développer' (to develop). For example, 'Nous devons analyser la structure du problème' (We must analyze the structure of the problem). The B1 level also introduces you to more nuanced synonyms and related terms, allowing you to avoid repeating 'structure' constantly. You will learn words like 'organisation', 'système', and 'cadre', and begin to understand the subtle differences between them. However, 'structure' remains the most versatile and reliable term for describing the underlying framework of almost anything. Whether you are debating the structure of the education system, describing the plot structure of a movie, or explaining the organizational chart of your dream job, mastering the multifaceted uses of 'structure' is crucial for achieving B1 fluency and preparing for the advanced complexities of B2.

At the B2 level, your command of the French language allows you to engage in complex, abstract, and professional discussions, and the word 'structure' becomes a powerful tool in your intellectual arsenal. You are no longer just describing physical buildings or simple essay layouts; you are analyzing systems, critiquing organizations, and debating societal frameworks. In the professional world, 'structure' is a keyword. You will frequently encounter terms like 'structure hiérarchique' (hierarchical structure), 'structure de coûts' (cost structure), and 'restructuration' (restructuring). If you are participating in a business meeting or reading an economic report in French, understanding these terms is non-negotiable. You might argue, 'La structure actuelle de notre département freine l'innovation' (The current structure of our department is hindering innovation). This demonstrates a high level of professional fluency and the ability to use vocabulary to diagnose abstract problems. In the realm of politics and sociology, 'structure' is used to discuss the very fabric of society. You will read news articles and listen to debates about 'les structures de l'État' (state structures), 'les inégalités structurelles' (structural inequalities), or 'la structure démographique' (demographic structure). At B2, you are expected to understand and formulate arguments about how these structures impact people's lives. You might write an essay arguing that 'Il est nécessaire de réformer les structures sociales pour garantir l'égalité' (It is necessary to reform social structures to guarantee equality). Grammatically, your use of 'structure' at B2 is sophisticated. You effortlessly combine it with complex adjectives and prepositions. You use the adjective form 'structurel(le)' to describe deep-rooted issues, such as 'un déficit structurel' (a structural deficit). You also master the verb 'structurer' in various tenses and moods, including the subjunctive: 'Il est important que nous structurions notre approche' (It is important that we structure our approach). Furthermore, you are highly aware of register. You know that 'structure' is a formal, precise word that elevates your speech, making it ideal for academic presentations, formal debates, and professional correspondence. You also understand its collocations perfectly, knowing exactly which verbs (e.g., remettre en cause, consolider, ébranler) pair naturally with it to convey nuanced meanings. For instance, 'La crise a ébranlé la structure de l'économie' (The crisis has shaken the structure of the economy). At the B2 level, 'structure' is not just a vocabulary word to be memorized; it is a conceptual lens through which you analyze and discuss the complexities of the francophone world. Your mastery of this word reflects your overall transition from a basic user of the language to an independent, articulate speaker.

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Reaching the C1 level signifies an advanced, near-native proficiency in French, where your use of the word 'structure' delves into highly specialized, academic, and theoretical territories. At this stage, you are engaging with complex texts, participating in nuanced debates, and expressing ideas with precision and elegance. The concept of 'structure' at the C1 level is deeply intertwined with intellectual movements and advanced academic disciplines. You will encounter 'le structuralisme' (structuralism), a major French intellectual movement of the 20th century associated with thinkers like Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, and Michel Foucault. Understanding 'structure' in this context means grasping how human culture, language, and society are understood as systems of interrelated parts. You might discuss how 'la structure du mythe' (the structure of the myth) reveals underlying psychological truths, or how linguistic structures shape our perception of reality. In macro-economics and political science, you will use 'structure' to analyze systemic, long-term phenomena. You will confidently use terms like 'réformes structurelles' (structural reforms), 'chômage structurel' (structural unemployment), and 'fonds structurels' (structural funds). You are expected to not only understand these terms but to debate their efficacy and implications in essays and presentations. For example, you might argue, 'Les réformes structurelles proposées par le gouvernement risquent d'exacerber les tensions sociales si elles ne sont pas accompagnées de mesures compensatoires' (The structural reforms proposed by the government risk exacerbating social tensions if they are not accompanied by compensatory measures). Linguistically, your mastery of 'structure' is absolute. You use it effortlessly in complex syntactic constructions, employing passive voice, gerunds, and advanced relative clauses. You play with its derivatives, using adverbs like 'structurellement' (structurally) to add precision to your arguments: 'Le marché est structurellement déficient' (The market is structurally deficient). You also appreciate the stylistic nuances of the word, knowing when to use it for rhetorical effect to emphasize the foundational nature of an argument. Furthermore, you have a vast repertoire of synonyms and related concepts at your disposal—such as 'ossature', 'architecture', 'configuration', and 'agencement'—and you know exactly when 'structure' is the most appropriate choice based on subtle semantic distinctions. At the C1 level, 'structure' is a cornerstone of your academic and professional vocabulary, allowing you to articulate profound, systemic analyses of the world with the sophistication and authority expected of an advanced French speaker.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of French is equivalent to that of a highly educated native speaker, and your engagement with the word 'structure' reflects a profound, almost philosophical understanding of language and concepts. You operate at the highest levels of abstraction, literary analysis, and technical precision. In literary and philosophical contexts, you engage with post-structuralism and deconstruction, concepts championed by philosophers like Jacques Derrida. You discuss how texts subvert their own 'structures narratives' (narrative structures) and how meaning is inherently unstable despite the apparent rigidity of linguistic structures. You might write a doctoral-level thesis analyzing 'la déconstruction de la structure patriarcale dans la littérature contemporaine' (the deconstruction of the patriarchal structure in contemporary literature). Your use of the word is deeply analytical, probing the very foundations of how knowledge and power are organized. In highly specialized technical and scientific fields, your vocabulary is impeccable. If you are discussing civil engineering, you understand the minute differences between 'une structure porteuse' (a load-bearing structure), 'une structure en treillis' (a truss structure), and 'le comportement structurel des matériaux' (the structural behavior of materials). You can read and produce complex technical reports, using 'structure' with absolute precision to describe complex physical phenomena, such as 'la structure moléculaire des polymères' (the molecular structure of polymers). Stylistically, you wield the word 'structure' with elegance and rhetorical power. You understand its rhythm within a sentence and use it to create balanced, persuasive arguments. You effortlessly employ advanced idiomatic expressions and complex collocations that native speakers use intuitively. You might say, 'Il faut repenser l'architecture même de nos institutions, car leur structure actuelle est sclérosée' (We must rethink the very architecture of our institutions, because their current structure is ossified). At this level of bilingualism, you also understand the cultural weight of the word in France, a country that deeply values 'la structure'—whether it's the centralized structure of the French state, the rigid structure of its educational system, or the formal structure of its language as guarded by the Académie Française. You can critique or defend these cultural structures with nuance and historical awareness. In essence, at the C2 level, 'structure' is no longer just a word; it is a multifaceted concept that you manipulate with the skill of a master craftsman, using it to dissect, analyze, and articulate the most complex realities of the human experience.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

structure 30秒で

Feminine noun (la structure).
Means physical framework or abstract organization.
Common in construction, academia, and business.
Pronunciation requires tight 'u' and guttural 'r'.

The French word 'structure' is a highly versatile feminine noun that permeates almost every aspect of the language, from the physical world of architecture and engineering to the abstract realms of linguistics, sociology, and corporate organization. At its most fundamental level, 'structure' refers to the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex. When we look at the physical world, a structure can be a building, a bridge, a monument, or any constructed object. For instance, the Eiffel Tower is often described as a magnificent iron structure. In this physical sense, the word emphasizes the framework, the materials used, and the engineering principles that hold the object together. It is not just about the exterior appearance, but the internal skeleton that provides stability and form. Moving beyond the physical, 'structure' takes on a profound abstract meaning. In academia and literature, it refers to the organization of an essay, a novel, or a speech. A well-written essay must have a clear structure: an introduction that presents the thesis, a body that develops the arguments, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points. Without this logical structure, the text becomes a chaotic jumble of ideas.

Physical Meaning: Refers to buildings, bridges, and constructed frameworks.

La structure de ce pont est en acier.

In the biological sciences, 'structure' is used to describe the anatomy of living organisms. We talk about the structure of a cell, the structure of DNA, or the bone structure of a human being. Here, the word highlights the intricate and purposeful arrangement of biological components that allow life to function. Furthermore, in the realm of sociology and politics, we frequently encounter the term 'social structure' (la structure sociale). This refers to the complex network of social classes, institutions, and relationships that make up a society. It encompasses the government, the legal system, the educational system, and the economic framework. Understanding the social structure is crucial for analyzing how a society operates and how power is distributed among its members.

Abstract Meaning: Refers to the organization of ideas, essays, or societies.

Il faut revoir la structure de ton essai.

In the corporate world, 'structure' is equally indispensable. A company's organizational structure (la structure organisationnelle) dictates its hierarchy, its departments, and the chain of command. It determines who reports to whom and how decisions are made. A rigid corporate structure might stifle innovation, while a flexible structure might encourage creativity but lack clear direction.

La structure de l'entreprise a été modifiée.

Linguistically, 'structure' is the backbone of language itself. The grammatical structure of French dictates how words are combined to form meaningful sentences. It involves rules about subject-verb agreement, the placement of adjectives, and the use of prepositions. Without grammatical structure, communication would be impossible.

Linguistic Meaning: The grammatical rules that organize words into sentences.

La structure de cette phrase est complexe.

In summary, whether you are talking about a towering skyscraper, a persuasive essay, a microscopic cell, a complex society, a multinational corporation, or a simple sentence, the word 'structure' provides the vocabulary needed to describe the underlying organization and framework. It is a word that bridges the gap between the tangible and the intangible, making it an essential component of the French language for any learner aiming for fluency.

Nous étudions la structure de l'ADN.

Using the word 'structure' correctly in French requires an understanding of its grammatical properties, its common collocations, and its syntactic placement within a sentence. First and foremost, 'structure' is a feminine noun. This means it must always be accompanied by feminine articles, adjectives, and pronouns. You will use the definite article 'la' (la structure) when referring to a specific structure, and the indefinite article 'une' (une structure) when referring to any structure in general. When using demonstrative adjectives, you must use 'cette' (cette structure), and for possessive adjectives, you will use 'ma', 'ta', 'sa', 'notre', 'votre', 'leur' (e.g., ma structure, sa structure).

Gender Rules: Always feminine: la, une, cette, ma, belle, grande.

C'est une belle structure architecturale.

Pluralizing 'structure' is straightforward: you simply add an 's' to the end, making it 'structures'. The pronunciation remains exactly the same as the singular form, but the accompanying articles and adjectives must also become plural (les structures, des structures, ces structures, mes structures). When it comes to adjectives, they generally follow the noun 'structure' in French, as is typical for most descriptive adjectives. For example, you would say 'une structure complexe' (a complex structure), 'une structure métallique' (a metallic structure), or 'une structure sociale' (a social structure). However, common, short adjectives like 'grand' or 'nouveau' will precede the noun: 'une grande structure' (a large structure), 'une nouvelle structure' (a new structure).

Ils ont bâti une nouvelle structure.

In terms of verbs, 'structure' is frequently the object of action verbs related to building, analyzing, or modifying. Common pairings include 'construire une structure' (to build a structure), 'détruire une structure' (to destroy a structure), 'analyser la structure' (to analyze the structure), 'modifier la structure' (to modify the structure), and 'renforcer la structure' (to reinforce the structure).

Common Verbs: Construire, analyser, modifier, renforcer, détruire.

Le professeur va analyser la structure du poème.

Prepositions also play a key role in how 'structure' is used within a sentence. You will often see it used with 'de' to indicate possession or relationship, as in 'la structure de la phrase' (the structure of the sentence) or 'la structure du bâtiment' (the structure of the building). It can also be used with 'dans' to indicate location within a framework: 'Il y a une faille dans la structure' (There is a flaw in the structure).

La structure de ce roman est fascinante.

Finally, 'structure' can also be used as a verb in French: 'structurer' (to structure). This is a regular -er verb. You might say 'Je dois structurer mes idées' (I need to structure my ideas) or 'Le discours est bien structuré' (The speech is well structured). Understanding both the noun and the verb forms will significantly enhance your ability to express complex organizational concepts in French.

Verb Form: Structurer (to structure), a regular -er verb.

Il est important de bien structurer son travail.

The word 'structure' is ubiquitous in the French-speaking world, appearing in a wide variety of contexts ranging from everyday conversation to highly specialized professional environments. One of the most common places you will hear this word is in the realm of education and academia. From middle school through university, teachers and professors constantly emphasize the importance of 'la structure'. When students are tasked with writing a dissertation (essay) or an exposé (presentation), the grading rubric always includes a section on structure. A professor might critique a paper by saying, 'Les idées sont bonnes, mais la structure est faible' (The ideas are good, but the structure is weak).

Academia: Used to discuss the organization of essays, research, and presentations.

Votre thèse manque de structure logique.

Another major domain where 'structure' is frequently used is the corporate and business world. In meetings, seminars, and corporate communications, executives and managers frequently discuss 'la structure de l'entreprise' (the company structure). This involves conversations about restructuring (la restructuration), organizational charts (l'organigramme), and management hierarchies. If a company is undergoing a merger or an acquisition, the integration of the two different corporate structures is a primary topic of discussion.

La structure hiérarchique a été simplifiée.

The construction and engineering sectors are, naturally, prime environments for the word 'structure'. Architects, civil engineers, and construction workers use it daily to refer to the physical framework of buildings, bridges, and other projects. They discuss the load-bearing capacity of a structure, the materials used in the structure, and the safety of the structure. A building inspector might declare, 'La structure est dangereuse' (The structure is dangerous), prompting immediate renovations.

Construction: Refers to the physical framework and engineering of buildings.

Les ingénieurs vérifient la structure du toit.

In the fields of IT and computer science, 'structure' takes on a digital meaning. Programmers and software developers constantly work with 'structures de données' (data structures). This refers to the specialized formats for organizing, processing, retrieving, and storing data. Discussions about algorithms, databases, and software architecture are heavily reliant on the concept of structure.

Cette structure de données est très efficace.

Finally, in everyday news and political discourse, journalists and politicians frequently talk about 'les structures de l'État' (the structures of the State) or 'les structures sociales' (social structures). They debate whether certain structures are outdated, whether they serve the public interest, or whether they need profound reform. When discussing systemic issues like inequality or healthcare, the underlying 'structure' of the system is always at the heart of the debate.

Politics & News: Used to describe governmental, social, and economic systems.

Il faut réformer la structure du système de santé.

While 'structure' is a cognate that looks and means the same in both French and English, learners still encounter several common pitfalls when using it. The most frequent mistake, especially for beginners, is assigning the wrong gender to the word. Because 'structure' ends in an 'e', it follows the general rule of thumb for feminine nouns, but English speakers, who do not have grammatical gender, often default to masculine articles when speaking quickly. Saying 'le structure' or 'un structure' is a glaring error that immediately marks the speaker as a non-native. It is imperative to always pair it with feminine articles and adjectives: 'la structure', 'une structure', 'cette belle structure'.

Gender Error: Using 'le' instead of 'la'. It is ALWAYS feminine.

INCORRECT: Le structure est grand. CORRECT: La structure est grande.

Another common mistake involves pronunciation. The French 'u' and the French 'r' are notoriously difficult for English speakers, and the word 'structure' contains both, right next to each other. English speakers tend to pronounce it with an English 'u' (like 'uh' or 'oo') and a hard, rolling 'r'. To pronounce it correctly in French, the 'u' must be tight and rounded (say 'ee' with your lips in an 'o' shape), and the 'r' must be articulated in the back of the throat. Furthermore, the final 'e' is silent, so the word ends on the 'r' sound, unlike in English where the final syllable is often pronounced as 'cher'.

Écoutez bien la prononciation de structure.

A semantic mistake occurs when learners overuse 'structure' as a direct translation for 'building'. While a building is a structure, French speakers more commonly use the word 'bâtiment' or 'édifice' when referring to a generic building (like an apartment block or an office building). Using 'structure' in this context can sound overly technical or formal. For example, instead of saying 'Je vis dans cette structure' (I live in this structure), it is much more natural to say 'Je vis dans ce bâtiment' (I live in this building). 'Structure' should be reserved for emphasizing the framework or engineering aspect of the construction.

Overuse for 'Building': Use 'bâtiment' for a regular building, not 'structure'.

Ce bâtiment a une structure en bois.

Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse 'structure' with 'fabric' when trying to translate the English phrase 'the fabric of society'. In French, 'le tissu social' is the correct idiom. Saying 'la structure de la société' is grammatically correct and makes sense, but it lacks the poetic nuance of 'tissu social' when discussing the interconnectedness of people.

La pauvreté détruit le tissu social, pas seulement la structure.

Lastly, spelling mistakes can occur. Because the English and French spellings are identical, learners might accidentally apply English spelling rules to related words, such as spelling the verb 'to structure' as 'structurer' (correct) but then misspelling the adjective 'structural' as 'structurel' (correct in French) vs 'structural' (English). Paying attention to these subtle suffix differences is key to mastering the word family.

Spelling Relatives: Adjective is 'structurel(le)', not 'structural'.

C'est un problème structurel.

The French language is rich in vocabulary related to organization, construction, and frameworks, offering several synonyms for 'structure' depending on the specific context. Understanding the nuances between these similar words is crucial for achieving fluency and precision in your speech and writing. One of the most common synonyms is 'organisation' (organization). While 'structure' often implies a rigid, underlying framework (whether physical or abstract), 'organisation' focuses more on the active arrangement of parts, especially concerning people or events. For example, you would talk about 'l'organisation d'une fête' (the organization of a party) rather than its structure. However, in a corporate context, 'structure de l'entreprise' and 'organisation de l'entreprise' can often be used interchangeably.

Organisation: Focuses on the active arrangement, often involving people or events.

L'organisation est différente de la structure.

Another highly relevant word is 'système' (system). A system is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming a complex whole. While a structure is the static framework, a system implies dynamic interaction. For instance, the 'structure' of a car engine refers to how the metal parts are bolted together, but the 'système' refers to how fuel, air, and electricity interact to create motion. In abstract terms, we speak of 'le système éducatif' (the educational system) to describe the functioning whole, while 'la structure éducative' might refer strictly to the hierarchy of schools and administration.

Le système repose sur une structure solide.

In the physical realm of construction, 'charpente' is a fantastic synonym. It specifically translates to 'framework' or 'framing', usually referring to the wooden or metal skeleton of a roof or building. While 'structure' is a general term, 'charpente' is highly specific to carpentry and architecture. Metaphorically, 'charpente' can also be used to describe the outline or bare bones of an essay or novel, much like 'structure'.

Charpente: Specifically the wooden/metal framework of a building, or the bare bones of a text.

La charpente forme la structure du toit.

The word 'cadre' (frame/framework) is also closely related. It is often used to describe the setting, context, or boundaries within which something happens. For example, 'dans le cadre de ce projet' means 'within the framework of this project'. While 'structure' is the internal organization, 'cadre' is often the external boundary or the guiding principles.

Le cadre définit les limites de la structure.

Finally, 'bâtiment' (building) and 'édifice' (edifice) are related to the physical meaning of 'structure'. As mentioned in the common mistakes section, these should be used when referring to the building as a whole, functional entity, whereas 'structure' should be reserved for discussing its engineering or framework.

Bâtiment: A generic building, the completed physical entity.

Ce bâtiment a une structure moderne.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Feminine noun agreement with adjectives.

Placement of adjectives (usually after the noun).

Use of prepositions 'de' and 'dans' with nouns.

Formation of adverbs from adjectives (structurel -> structurellement).

Relative clauses using 'qui' and 'dont' with nouns.

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レベル別の例文

C'est une grande structure.

It is a large structure.

Feminine noun, uses 'une' and 'grande'.

La structure est belle.

The structure is beautiful.

Uses definite article 'la'.

Je vois la structure.

I see the structure.

Direct object of the verb 'voir'.

La structure est en bois.

The structure is made of wood.

Preposition 'en' for materials.

C'est une nouvelle structure.

It is a new structure.

Adjective 'nouvelle' placed before the noun.

La structure est solide.

The structure is solid.

Simple subject-verb-adjective sentence.

Où est la structure ?

Where is the structure?

Simple question formation.

J'aime cette structure.

I like this structure.

Uses demonstrative adjective 'cette'.

La structure de ma journée est simple.

The structure of my day is simple.

Abstract use for time organization.

Ils construisent une nouvelle structure.

They are building a new structure.

Used with the verb 'construire'.

La structure de la phrase est importante.

The structure of the sentence is important.

Linguistic context.

Il y a un problème dans la structure.

There is a problem in the structure.

Preposition 'dans'.

La structure familiale a changé.

The family structure has changed.

Adjective 'familiale' follows the noun.

Nous étudions la structure du texte.

We are studying the structure of the text.

Academic context.

La structure métallique est très haute.

The metallic structure is very tall.

Descriptive adjective 'métallique'.

Il faut respecter la structure.

You must respect the structure.

Used with 'il faut' and infinitive.

Pour le DELF, la structure de votre essai doit être claire.

For the DELF, the structure of your essay must be clear.

Academic advice context.

L'entreprise a modifié sa structure organisationnelle.

The company modified its organizational structure.

Corporate vocabulary.

C'est une structure qui résiste aux tremblements de terre.

It is a structure that resists earthquakes.

Relative clause with 'qui'.

La structure dont tu parles est très complexe.

The structure you are talking about is very complex.

Relative pronoun 'dont'.

Il est essentiel de bien structurer ses arguments.

It is essential to structure one's arguments well.

Verb form 'structurer'.

La structure de la société française est fascinante.

The structure of French society is fascinating.

Sociological context.

Ils ont analysé la structure de l'ADN en cours de biologie.

They analyzed the structure of DNA in biology class.

Scientific context.

Malgré son âge, la structure du bâtiment est intacte.

Despite its age, the building's structure is intact.

Concession with 'malgré'.

La restructuration a profondément modifié la structure hiérarchique.

The restructuring profoundly modified the hierarchical structure.

Advanced corporate terminology.

Il s'agit d'un problème structurel qui nécessite des réformes.

It is a structural problem that requires reforms.

Adjective 'structurel'.

La structure narrative de ce roman est particulièrement innovante.

The narrative structure of this novel is particularly innovative.

Literary analysis.

Bien que la structure soit solide, elle nécessite un entretien régulier.

Although the structure is solid, it requires regular maintenance.

Subjunctive after 'bien que'.

Les ingénieurs ont dû renforcer la structure porteuse.

The engineers had to reinforce the load-bearing structure.

Technical engineering term.

Cette théorie remet en cause la structure même de notre économie.

This theory questions the very structure of our economy.

Advanced collocation 'remettre en cause'.

L'État doit investir dans les structures d'accueil pour la petite enfance.

The State must invest in childcare structures.

Social policy context.

La structure des coûts de cette entreprise n'est pas viable à long terme.

The cost structure of this company is not viable in the long term.

Financial terminology.

Le structuralisme a bouleversé notre compréhension des structures sociales.

Structuralism revolutionized our understanding of social structures.

Philosophical/Historical context.

Le chômage en France est en grande partie de nature structurelle.

Unemployment in France is largely structural in nature.

Macro-economic analysis.

L'auteur déconstruit la structure syntaxique pour créer un effet de dissonance.

The author deconstructs the syntactic structure to create a dissonance effect.

Advanced literary critique.

Il est impératif que nous repensions l'architecture et la structure de ces institutions sclérosées.

It is imperative that we rethink the architecture and structure of these ossified institutions.

Subjunctive and advanced adjectives.

La structure en treillis permet de répartir les charges de manière optimale.

The truss structure allows for optimal load distribution.

Highly technical engineering vocabulary.

Les fonds structurels européens visent à réduire les disparités régionales.

European structural funds aim to reduce regional disparities.

Political science terminology.

Cette crise a mis en exergue les failles inhérentes à la structure du marché financier.

This crisis highlighted the inherent flaws in the structure of the financial market.

Sophisticated idiomatic phrasing.

La structure de l'argumentation repose sur un syllogisme fallacieux.

The structure of the argumentation rests on a fallacious syllogism.

Advanced logic and rhetoric.

L'analyse derridienne s'attache à déceler les apories au sein même de la structure textuelle.

Derridean analysis attempts to detect aporias within the very textual structure.

Post-structuralist philosophy.

La fatigue structurelle des matériaux composites sous contrainte cyclique est un défi majeur.

The structural fatigue of composite materials under cyclic stress is a major challenge.

Advanced materials science.

L'effondrement de l'empire fut précipité par une déliquescence de ses structures étatiques.

The collapse of the empire was precipitated by a deliquescence of its state structures.

Advanced historical analysis.

La polyphonie de l'œuvre romanesque subvertit la structure monologique traditionnelle.

The polyphony of the novelistic work subverts the traditional monologic structure.

Advanced literary theory.

Les réformes envisagées ne sont qu'un cautère sur une jambe de bois face à l'obsolescence structurelle du système.

The envisioned reforms are merely a band-aid on a wooden leg in the face of the system's structural obsolescence.

Use of advanced idiom with structural concept.

L'intrication quantique remet en question la structure spatio-temporelle de l'univers tel que nous le concevons.

Quantum entanglement questions the spatio-temporal structure of the universe as we conceive it.

Advanced theoretical physics.

La structure actantielle du conte merveilleux révèle des invariants anthropologiques profonds.

The actantial structure of the fairy tale reveals profound anthropological invariants.

Advanced semiotics and anthropology.

Il convient d'appréhender la structure de la dette souveraine dans toute sa complexité macroprudentielle.

It is advisable to apprehend the structure of sovereign debt in all its macroprudential complexity.

Advanced financial economics.

類義語

organisation forme charpente configuration architecture

反対語

désordre chaos confusion

よく使う組み合わせ

structure sociale

structure économique

structure hiérarchique

structure métallique

structure de l'entreprise

structure de la phrase

structure porteuse

modifier la structure

analyser la structure

renforcer la structure

よく使うフレーズ

en structure

hors structure

structure d'accueil

structure de base

structure de soutien

structure de données

structure de marché

structure de prix

structure de pouvoir

structure de contrôle

よく混同される語

structure vs bâtiment

structure vs organisation

structure vs système

慣用句と表現

"avoir de la structure"

"manquer de structure"

"donner de la structure"

"casser la structure"

"revoir la structure"

"penser en termes de structure"

"la structure même de"

"une structure en béton"

"une structure en nid d'abeille"

"une structure pyramidale"

間違えやすい

structure vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

Implies a deeper, more fundamental organization than just 'arrangement'.

spoken french

Commonly used, but ensure correct pronunciation to be understood.

formal writing

Highly recommended for academic and professional writing.

よくある間違い

Using 'le' instead of 'la' (e.g., saying 'le structure').
Pronouncing the final 'e' as in English 'cher'.
Using 'structure' as a direct translation for 'fabric' in 'fabric of society'.
Spelling the adjective as 'structural' instead of 'structurel'.
Overusing it to mean a generic building instead of 'bâtiment'.

ヒント

Always Feminine

Never say 'le structure'. It is always 'la structure'. Associate it with other feminine words ending in -ure like 'la nature' or 'la culture'.

The Silent E

Do not pronounce the final 'e' in 'structure'. The word ends on the sound of the French 'r'.

Academic Writing

Use 'structure' in your DELF/DALF essays to describe the organization of your arguments. It shows maturity in your writing.

Bâtiment vs Structure

If you just mean a place where people live or work, use 'bâtiment'. Save 'structure' for talking about the framework or engineering.

Structure + Adjective

Remember that most adjectives will go AFTER 'structure'. For example, 'une structure complexe', 'une structure sociale'.

Action Verbs

Pair 'structure' with verbs like 'modifier', 'analyser', 'renforcer', and 'construire' to sound more native.

Adjective Spelling

Don't use the English spelling 'structural' in French. The correct French adjective is 'structurel' (masculine) or 'structurelle' (feminine).

Tissu Social

If you want to say 'the fabric of society', don't use 'structure'. Use the French idiom 'le tissu social'.

Catching the Plural

Since the 's' in 'structures' is silent, listen carefully to the article (les, des, ces) to know if the speaker is talking about one or multiple structures.

Abstract vs Physical

Remember that 'structure' is just as often used for abstract concepts (like time, society, essays) as it is for physical buildings.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a STRICT TOUR guide organizing the STRUCTURE of your trip.

視覚的連想

Visualize the Eiffel Tower (a physical structure) made out of neatly organized essay paragraphs (an abstract structure).

語源

Latin

文化的な背景

French corporate structures traditionally tend to be more hierarchical than in the US or UK.

Structuralism was a massive French intellectual movement in the 20th century.

France is famous for its structural engineering, from Gothic cathedrals to the Eiffel Tower.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Que penses-tu de la structure de ce nouveau bâtiment ?"

"Comment est la structure hiérarchique dans ton entreprise ?"

"Trouves-tu que la structure de ce film est confuse ?"

"Quels sont les problèmes structurels de notre économie ?"

"Comment organises-tu la structure de tes journées ?"

日記のテーマ

Décrivez la structure de votre bâtiment préféré.

Analysez la structure de votre roman favori.

Comment aimeriez-vous changer la structure de votre entreprise ?

Écrivez sur l'importance d'avoir une structure dans la vie quotidienne.

Quelles sont les différences de structure entre votre langue maternelle et le français ?

よくある質問

10 問

The word 'structure' is a feminine noun in French. You must always use feminine articles like 'la' or 'une'. For example, you say 'la structure' and 'une belle structure'.

The French 'u' is different from the English 'u'. To pronounce it, shape your lips like you are going to say 'o', but then say 'ee'. It is a tight, rounded sound.

Yes, but it sounds technical. It's better to use 'bâtiment' for a generic building. Use 'structure' when you want to emphasize the engineering, framework, or architecture of the building.

The verb form is 'structurer', which means 'to structure' or 'to organize'. It is a regular -er verb. For example, 'Je dois structurer mon essai'.

The adjective form is 'structurel' for masculine and 'structurelle' for feminine. It translates to 'structural'. For example, 'un problème structurel'.

Absolutely. It is a very common word in business French, used to discuss organizational charts, hierarchy, and company organization (la structure de l'entreprise).

'Structure sociale' translates to 'social structure'. It refers to the complex network of social classes, institutions, and relationships in a society.

Simply add an 's' to the end: 'structures'. The pronunciation remains the same as the singular, but the article changes to 'les' or 'des'.

'Structure' often implies a static, underlying framework (like a skeleton), while 'organisation' implies the active arrangement of parts or people. However, they are often used interchangeably in business.

Yes, it is frequently used in linguistics. 'La structure de la phrase' means 'the structure of the sentence', referring to syntax and grammar rules.

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