このページをあなたの言語で

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A2 adjective #3,500 よく出る 16分で読める

दृढ़

dridh 上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント दृढ़ 30秒で

解説 दृढ़ in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should understand 'dr̥ḍh' in its most basic physical sense, though they will likely encounter it in very simple phrases about being 'strong' or 'sure'. At this stage, you can think of it as a fancy way of saying 'strong' (mazboot). You might see it in simple stories describing a 'firm' grip or a 'solid' ground. The goal for an A1 learner is simply to recognize the word and know that it relates to strength and stability. You don't need to use it in complex philosophical ways yet. Just focus on the idea that 'dr̥ḍh' means something is not soft or weak. For example, 'dr̥ḍh pakad' (firm grip) is a good phrase to memorize. It's also helpful to know that it's a word you'll hear in formal settings, like a teacher speaking to a class. Even at this basic level, knowing that 'dr̥ḍh' is a 'good' kind of strong will help you understand the tone of what's being said. Think of it like the difference between 'strong' and 'sturdy' in English. It's a solid, reliable word.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

For A2 learners, 'dr̥ḍh' starts to become more useful as you begin to express opinions and intentions. You can use it to describe your determination to learn Hindi. Phrases like 'mera nishchay dr̥ḍh hai' (my resolve is firm) are perfect for this level. You're moving beyond just physical objects and starting to use the word for your mind and heart. At A2, you should also be able to distinguish between 'dr̥ḍh' and 'mazboot'. While you use 'mazboot' for a strong table, you use 'dr̥ḍh' for a strong decision. You will see this word in simple news headlines or in children's stories where a character shows great courage and 'firm' resolve. It's also a good time to practice the pronunciation, especially that tricky 'ḍh' sound at the end. Remember, as an A2 learner, using 'dr̥ḍh' makes your Hindi sound more 'pukka' and serious. It shows you're paying attention to the nuances of the language. Try to use it once or twice in your practice conversations when talking about your goals.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'dr̥ḍh' in a variety of contexts, especially in professional and academic settings. You can use it to describe a 'firm' stance on a social issue or a 'solid' argument in a debate. You'll start to notice 'dr̥ḍh' appearing in more complex sentence structures, often paired with abstract nouns like 'sankalp' (determination), 'vishwas' (belief), or 'astha' (faith). You should also be able to use the noun form 'dr̥ḍhata' (firmness) to describe a quality. For example, 'usne dr̥ḍhata se kaam kiya' (he worked with firmness/determination). At this stage, you can also start to explore the cultural weight of the word—how it's used in Indian history and literature to describe leaders and heroes. You're not just learning a word; you're learning a value. When you use 'dr̥ḍh', you're conveying a sense of integrity and reliability. It's a key word for expressing serious commitment in B1 level discussions.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

B2 learners should have a nuanced understanding of 'dr̥ḍh' and its synonyms. You should know exactly when to choose 'dr̥ḍh' over 'atal', 'sthir', or 'kathor'. You'll encounter this word in sophisticated media, such as editorials, political analysis, and contemporary literature. You should be able to understand its use in describing economic stability ('dr̥ḍh arthvyavastha') or a 'firm' foreign policy. At this level, you can also use 'dr̥ḍh' to describe complex human emotions and character traits. For instance, you might analyze a character in a movie as being 'dr̥ḍh' but not 'kathor', explaining that they are firm in their principles but still compassionate. Your use of the word should be precise and well-timed. You can also start using it in compound words and more formal Sanskritized constructions. It's a word that adds gravitas to your speech and writing, and at B2, you should be able to wield that power effectively to influence and persuade your audience.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the C1 level, 'dr̥ḍh' becomes a tool for deep literary and philosophical expression. You should be able to appreciate its use in classical Hindi poetry and spiritual texts like the Upanishads or the works of Tulsidas. You'll understand how 'dr̥ḍh' relates to ancient concepts like 'Dhriti' (fortitude) and how it's used to describe the unshakeable nature of the ultimate truth. In your own writing and speaking, you can use 'dr̥ḍh' to create specific rhetorical effects, contrasting it with words for fluidity or change. You'll also be able to handle its use in highly technical or legal contexts, where 'dr̥ḍh' might describe the 'binding' nature of a contract or the 'irrefutable' nature of evidence. Your understanding of the word is now deeply rooted in its etymology and cultural history. You don't just know what it means; you feel its weight and its resonance in the broader landscape of Indian thought. You can use it to articulate complex ideas about ethics, persistence, and the nature of reality.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

For C2 learners, 'dr̥ḍh' is a word you know intimately. You can use it with the same ease and precision as a highly educated native speaker. You understand its most subtle nuances—how it can imply both a physical solidity and a spiritual unshakeability. You can engage in high-level academic discussions about the role of 'dr̥ḍhata' in leadership or the historical evolution of the word from its Sanskrit roots to modern Hindi. You can write poetry or formal essays using 'dr̥ḍh' to evoke a sense of eternal stability or unyielding resolve. You also recognize its use in various dialects and registers, and you can even spot when it's being used ironically or for specific stylistic reasons. At this level, 'dr̥ḍh' is not just a vocabulary item; it's a part of your linguistic identity in Hindi. You can use it to express the most profound aspects of the human experience—the 'dr̥ḍh' bond of love, the 'dr̥ḍh' pursuit of justice, and the 'dr̥ḍh' search for meaning in a changing world.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

練習する例文メモとヒント

दृढ़ 30秒で

Dr̥ḍh is a Hindi adjective meaning firm or resolute, used for both physical solidity and mental determination.
It is a formal, Sanskrit-derived word (Tatsama) that conveys integrity, reliability, and unshakeable conviction.
Commonly paired with nouns like 'nishchay' (resolve) and 'vishwas' (belief), it is invariant in gender and number.
While 'mazboot' is for physical strength, 'dr̥ḍh' is the preferred term for moral and mental steadfastness.

The Hindi word दृढ़ (dr̥ḍh) is a powerful adjective rooted in Sanskrit that encapsulates the essence of being firm, solid, and unwavering. At its most basic level, it describes something that is physically hard or solid, but in modern Hindi, its most frequent application is metaphorical, referring to a person's character, decisions, or beliefs. When you describe someone as having a dr̥ḍh personality, you are suggesting they possess a backbone of steel and a mind that cannot be easily swayed by external pressures or internal doubts. It is a word of high praise in professional, academic, and spiritual contexts, signifying a level of reliability and steadfastness that is highly valued in Indian culture. Unlike the word 'mazboot' (strong), which often refers to physical durability, dr̥ḍh carries a nuance of moral and mental strength. It is the difference between a strong wall and a firm resolve. You will encounter this word in news broadcasts discussing a government's 'firm' stance on policy, in motivational speeches encouraging 'resolute' action, and in classical literature describing the 'unwavering' devotion of a protagonist. Understanding dr̥ḍh is essential for any learner moving beyond basic survival Hindi into the realm of expressive and formal communication.

Physical Firmness: Used to describe objects that are solid and compact, such as a firm grip or a solid foundation of a building. While less common than its metaphorical use, it remains the literal root.

Mental Resolve: The most common usage, referring to an individual's determination. Phrases like 'dr̥ḍh nishchay' (firm resolve) or 'dr̥ḍh sankalp' (firm determination) are ubiquitous in Hindi literature and daily formal speech.

सफलता पाने के लिए दृढ़ इच्छाशक्ति आवश्यक है। (Firm willpower is necessary to achieve success.)

In the context of interpersonal relationships, being dr̥ḍh means you are someone who keeps their word. If a father tells his son he is dr̥ḍh in his decision, it implies there is no room for negotiation; the decision is final and backed by reason. In the workplace, a manager might be dr̥ḍh about deadlines, signaling that while they may be kind, they are not flexible regarding the timeline. This word avoids the negative connotations of being 'stubborn' (ziddi). While 'ziddi' implies a blind or irrational refusal to change, dr̥ḍh implies a principled and rational steadfastness. It is a quality associated with leaders and visionaries. For example, Mahatma Gandhi's commitment to non-violence was frequently described as dr̥ḍh because it was based on a deep-seated ethical conviction rather than mere ego. When using this word, you are tapping into a vocabulary of integrity and strength. It is also used in academic discussions to describe 'solid' evidence or 'firm' conclusions. If a scientist presents a dr̥ḍh argument, they are presenting one that is logically sound and difficult to refute.

उनका विश्वास दृढ़ है कि सच की जीत होगी। (Their belief is firm that truth will triumph.)

Furthermore, the word appears frequently in philosophical texts. In the Bhagavad Gita and other Vedic literatures, the concept of dr̥ḍhata (firmness) is linked to the stability of the mind (sthitaprajna). A person who is not disturbed by the dualities of joy and sorrow is said to have a dr̥ḍh intellect. This spiritual dimension adds a layer of respect to the word that 'mazboot' lacks. If you call someone's faith dr̥ḍh, you are acknowledging its depth and resilience. In modern legal or bureaucratic Hindi, you might hear about 'dr̥ḍh kadam' (firm steps) being taken against corruption, indicating a serious and unyielding approach. This versatility makes it one of the most useful adjectives for expressing serious intent. Whether you are talking about your commitment to learning Hindi or a government's commitment to peace, dr̥ḍh is the adjective that conveys the weight of that commitment. It suggests that the subject is not like a reed bending in the wind, but like an oak tree that stands tall regardless of the storm.

हमें अपने लक्ष्यों के प्रति दृढ़ रहना चाहिए। (We must remain firm towards our goals.)

Usage in Media: Often used in news headlines to describe a 'firm' response to international events or 'resolute' economic measures taken by a central bank.

सरकार ने आतंकवाद के खिलाफ दृढ़ रुख अपनाया है। (The government has taken a firm stance against terrorism.)

To wrap up this section, remember that dr̥ḍh is more than just 'hard.' It is a word that bridges the physical and the metaphysical. It describes the hardness of a diamond and the unshakeable nature of a martyr's conviction. As you practice, try to use it in sentences where you want to emphasize that something is not just strong, but permanent and unchanging. Whether it is a dr̥ḍh foundation of a building or a dr̥ḍh promise made to a friend, the word carries a sense of gravity and reliability. It is a foundational word for anyone looking to master the nuances of Hindi adjectives and the cultural values they reflect.

उसकी दृढ़ पकड़ ने उसे गिरने से बचा लिया। (His firm grip saved him from falling.)

Using दृढ़ (dr̥ḍh) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role and its typical collocations. As an adjective, it usually precedes the noun it modifies, or it can follow a linking verb like 'hona' (to be). Because it is a Tatsama word (directly borrowed from Sanskrit), it does not change its form based on gender or number in modern standard Hindi, making it relatively easy for learners to use without worrying about complex inflection rules. For example, you can say 'dr̥ḍh nishchay' (masculine singular) and also use it in contexts that might traditionally be feminine without changing the ending, although in very formal Sanskritized Hindi, one might see 'dr̥ḍha' for feminine, but this is almost never done in contemporary Hindi. Let us explore the various sentence structures where this word shines.

Subject-Adjective-Verb Structure: The most straightforward way to use the word is to describe a state of being. Example: 'Mera irada dr̥ḍh hai' (My intention is firm). This structure is perfect for expressing personal conviction.

आपका निर्णय दृढ़ होना चाहिए। (Your decision should be firm.)

Another common pattern is using dr̥ḍh as a modifier for an abstract noun that acts as the object of a verb. This is very common with verbs like 'karna' (to do) or 'rakhna' (to keep/maintain). For instance, 'Unhone dr̥ḍh sankalp kiya' (They made a firm resolution). Here, dr̥ḍh adds a layer of intensity to the resolution. It isn't just a New Year's resolution that might be broken by February; it is a dr̥ḍh sankalp, implying it will be followed through to the end. You can also use it with 'rahna' (to remain) to describe persistence. 'Mushkil samay mein dr̥ḍh raho' (Stay firm in difficult times). This is a common piece of advice given to students or people facing hardships.

वह अपनी बात पर दृढ़ रहा। (He remained firm on his word.)

In more complex sentences, dr̥ḍh can be used to describe the manner in which an action is performed by modifying the resulting state. For example, 'Usne dr̥ḍhata se kaha' (He said with firmness). While 'dr̥ḍhata' is the noun form here, the root 'dr̥ḍh' is what provides the meaning. You might also see it in compound adjectives, though this is more advanced. For example, 'dr̥ḍh-manas' (firm-minded). When constructing sentences, pay attention to the intensity you want to convey. If you want to say someone is just 'strong,' use 'mazboot.' If you want to say they are 'unshakeable,' use dr̥ḍh. This distinction is vital for achieving a native-like grasp of the language. In the classroom, a teacher might say, 'Hindi seekhne ke liye dr̥ḍh abhyas ki zarurat hai' (Firm/consistent practice is needed to learn Hindi). Here, dr̥ḍh implies that the practice shouldn't be haphazard but solid and regular.

हमें एक दृढ़ योजना की आवश्यकता है। (We need a solid/firm plan.)

Common Collocations: 1. Dr̥ḍh Vishwas (Firm Belief)
2. Dr̥ḍh Sankalp (Firm Determination)
3. Dr̥ḍh Nishchay (Firm Resolve)
4. Dr̥ḍh Adhaar (Firm Foundation)

In summary, using dr̥ḍh effectively involves placing it before abstract nouns to emphasize strength of character or conviction. It is a versatile tool that works in simple subject-predicate sentences as well as in more decorative, literary constructions. By mastering its use with common nouns like 'vishwas' and 'nishchay,' you will be able to express a range of powerful emotions and stances in Hindi. Practice by replacing 'strong' or 'sure' in your English thoughts with dr̥ḍh when the context is about resolve or solidity. This mental exercise will help you internalize the specific 'flavor' of the word, which is one of serious, unyielding strength.

उनकी दृढ़ निष्ठा सराहनीय है। (Their firm loyalty is commendable.)

The word दृढ़ (dr̥ḍh) is a staple of formal and semi-formal Hindi. While you might not hear it every five minutes in a casual vegetable market conversation (where 'pukka' or 'mazboot' might be used), you will hear it constantly in environments that demand seriousness and precision. One of the primary places you will encounter dr̥ḍh is in the news. News anchors in India often use high-register Hindi, and dr̥ḍh is their go-to word for describing political stances, judicial rulings, or social movements. When a journalist says, 'Pradhan Mantri ne dr̥ḍh sankalp jataya' (The Prime Minister expressed a firm resolve), they are signaling to the audience that the government is serious and will not back down. It creates an atmosphere of authority and stability.

In Motivational Speeches: Hindi motivational speakers (like those on YouTube or at corporate events) use 'dr̥ḍh' to inspire their audience. They talk about 'dr̥ḍh iccha-shakti' (firm willpower) as the key to overcoming obstacles.

बिना दृढ़ निश्चय के कोई भी बड़ा काम संभव नहीं है। (No great task is possible without a firm resolve.)

Another major arena for this word is Indian cinema, particularly in 'social message' films or historical dramas. A protagonist standing up against a corrupt system will often declare their dr̥ḍh vishwas (firm belief) in justice. In these contexts, the word is often delivered with a lot of weight and dramatic pause, emphasizing the character's integrity. Even in Bollywood songs, you might find dr̥ḍh used to describe a love that is unshakeable or a path that is certain. It adds a touch of 'shuddh' (pure) Hindi charm to the lyrics, making them feel more poetic and profound. If you are watching a Hindi dubbed version of a superhero movie, you will notice that 'determined' or 'resolute' is almost always translated as dr̥ḍh.

नायक ने अपनी दृढ़ आवाज़ में सबको चुप करा दिया। (The hero silenced everyone with his firm voice.)

In religious and spiritual discourses (Pravachans), dr̥ḍh is used to describe the ideal state of a devotee's mind. A 'dr̥ḍh bhakt' is one whose faith doesn't waver even in the face of extreme tragedy. This usage connects the word to the ancient Sanskrit tradition, where 'Dhriti' (the root of dr̥ḍh) is one of the ten characteristics of Dharma. So, when you hear a spiritual leader use this word, know that they are talking about a deep, foundational stability of the soul. Furthermore, in educational settings, teachers use dr̥ḍh to describe a student's 'firm' grasp of a subject. If a teacher says, 'Aapka adhaar dr̥ḍh hai' (Your foundation is firm), it is a high compliment meaning you have mastered the basics perfectly.

गुरु ने शिष्य को दृढ़ रहने का आशीर्वाद दिया। (The teacher blessed the student to remain firm.)

In Literature: In novels by Premchand or modern Hindi poets, 'dr̥ḍh' is used to contrast the internal strength of the poor against the external power of the rich. It is a word of resilience.

Finally, you will find dr̥ḍh in everyday formal documents—contracts, official letters, and even wedding invitations (describing the 'firm' bond of marriage). It is a word that signifies durability and permanence. By paying attention to these different contexts, you will see how dr̥ḍh functions as a pillar of the Hindi language, supporting meanings of strength, ethics, and certainty. It's a word that commands respect whenever it is uttered.

विवाह दो आत्माओं का दृढ़ बंधन है। (Marriage is a firm bond between two souls.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using दृढ़ (dr̥ḍh) is confusing it with other words for 'strong' or 'hard' like 'mazboot' or 'kathor'. While all these words share a general semantic field of 'strength', they are not interchangeable. 'Mazboot' is the most common word for physical strength (a strong man, a strong table). If you use dr̥ḍh to describe a chair, it sounds overly poetic or even slightly odd in a casual setting. Dr̥ḍh should be reserved for when you want to emphasize the 'unwavering' or 'solid' nature of something, especially in a metaphorical sense. Another mistake is using 'kathor' (harsh/hard) when you mean 'firm'. 'Kathor' often has a negative connotation of being unkind or cruel (a harsh punishment, a hard heart), whereas dr̥ḍh is almost always positive, implying integrity and stability.

Mistake: Confusing with 'Ziddi': Learners often use 'dr̥ḍh' to mean 'stubborn'. However, 'ziddi' is the word for stubbornness (usually negative), while 'dr̥ḍh' is for being resolute (usually positive). Don't call a crying child 'dr̥ḍh'!

गलत: वह बच्चा बहुत दृढ़ है। (Wrong: That child is very resolute - when you mean stubborn.)

Pronunciation is another area where learners struggle. The 'r' sound in dr̥ḍh is a vocalic 'r' (like the 'ri' in 'rishi' but more subtle), and the 'ḍh' is a breathy retroflex sound. Many learners simply pronounce it as 'drid' or 'drud'. To sound more native, you need to ensure the tip of your tongue curls back to hit the roof of your mouth for the 'ḍh' sound. If you mispronounce it, it might be confused with 'dridh' (which isn't a word) or 'darad' (pain). Practice the 'ḍh' sound by blowing out a little puff of air as you release your tongue from the roof of your mouth. This 'aspiration' is key to being understood clearly.

सही उच्चारण: दृढ़ (dr̥-ḍh) - जीभ को ऊपर ले जाकर हवा के साथ छोड़ें। (Correct pronunciation: dr̥-ḍh - take the tongue up and release with air.)

Grammatically, some learners try to pluralize dr̥ḍh or change its gender like they do with words like 'achha/achhe/achhi'. Remember, dr̥ḍh is an invariant adjective. Whether you are talking about one firm decision ('ek dr̥ḍh nishchay') or many firm decisions ('kai dr̥ḍh nishchay'), the word dr̥ḍh remains exactly the same. Similarly, for feminine nouns, you don't need to change it. This is a common feature of Sanskrit-derived adjectives in Hindi. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Hindi sound much more sophisticated and accurate. Lastly, don't over-use the word. Because it is a 'heavy' word, using it for trivial things (like being 'firm' about which movie to watch) can sound a bit melodramatic. Save it for the big things in life!

सावधानी: दृढ़ का प्रयोग छोटी बातों के लिए न करें। (Caution: Do not use 'dr̥ḍh' for small matters.)

Summary of Mistakes: 1. Using it for 'stubborn' (should be ziddi).
2. Changing the ending for gender/number (it is invariant).
3. Confusing it with 'kathor' (which is often negative/harsh).
4. Mispronouncing the retroflex 'ḍh'.

To truly master दृढ़ (dr̥ḍh), you must understand the words that surround it in the Hindi vocabulary. Hindi is rich with synonyms for 'strong' and 'firm', each with its own specific flavor and register. By knowing when to choose dr̥ḍh over 'atal' or 'pakka', you will demonstrate a high level of linguistic competence. Let's break down the most common alternatives and see how they compare to our target word.

अटल (Atal): Meaning: Unmovable or unchangeable. While 'dr̥ḍh' emphasizes internal strength, 'atal' emphasizes the impossibility of moving or changing something. Often used for fate (atal satya) or a very strict promise.

मज़बूत (Mazboot): Meaning: Physically strong or durable. This is the most common word for 'strong' in daily life. Use this for muscles, buildings, and ropes. 'Dr̥ḍh' is more abstract and formal.

तुलना: यह मेज मज़बूत है, लेकिन मेरा इरादा दृढ़ है। (Comparison: This table is strong, but my intention is firm.)

Then there is the word 'पक्का' (Pakka). This is a very versatile word that can mean 'ripe', 'cooked', 'permanent', or 'firm'. In casual conversation, 'pakka' is often used where dr̥ḍh would be used in formal speech. For example, 'pakka irada' is a very common way to say 'firm intention' in everyday Hindi. If you are talking to friends, 'pakka' sounds more natural; if you are writing an essay or giving a speech, dr̥ḍh is the better choice. Another interesting synonym is 'स्थिर' (Sthir), which means 'stable' or 'steady'. While dr̥ḍh implies a resistive force (not being broken), 'sthir' implies a lack of movement (not shaking). A 'sthir' mind is calm; a dr̥ḍh mind is resolute.

कठोर (Kathor): Meaning: Hard, harsh, or rigid. As mentioned before, 'kathor' can have a negative sense. A 'kathor' person might be mean, but a 'dr̥ḍh' person is simply principled. Use 'kathor' for hard surfaces like stone or harsh rules.

नियम कठोर हो सकते हैं, पर उन्हें लागू करने में दृढ़ रहना चाहिए। (Rules can be harsh, but one should be firm in implementing them.)

Lastly, consider 'निश्चयी' (Nishchayi), which is an adjective derived from 'nishchay' (resolve). It literally means 'one who has resolve'. While dr̥ḍh describes the quality of the resolve itself, 'nishchayi' describes the person. 'Wah ek dr̥ḍh nishchayi vyakti hai' (He is a firmly resolute person). By mixing and matching these synonyms, you can add variety to your Hindi and express precise shades of meaning. For example, if you want to say someone is unshakeable in their faith, you might say 'Unka vishwas atal aur dr̥ḍh hai,' using both words to emphasize that it is both unmoving and solid. Understanding these relationships is the key to moving from an intermediate to an advanced level of Hindi.

हिमालय की तरह अटल और दृढ़ बनो। (Become unmovable and firm like the Himalayas.)

Quick Comparison Table: - Dr̥ḍh: Resolute, solid (Positive/Formal)
- Mazboot: Physically strong (Neutral/Casual)
- Atal: Unchangeable (Formal/Poetic)
- Pakka: Sure, ripe (Casual)
- Kathor: Harsh, rigid (Often Negative)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root of 'dr̥ḍh' is also related to the English word 'durable' and 'endure' through ancient Proto-Indo-European roots signifying wood or oak (doru), representing strength.

発音ガイド

UK /drɪɖʱ/

US /drɪdʱ/

The stress is balanced, but the final aspirated 'ḍh' carries significant weight.

韻が合う語

वृद्ध (Vr̥ddh - old) सिद्ध (Siddh - proven) शुद्ध (Shuddh - pure) बुद्ध (Buddh - enlightened) क्रुद्ध (Kruddh - angry) बद्ध (Baddh - tied) प्रबुद्ध (Prabuddh - awakened) प्रतिबद्ध (Pratibaddh - committed)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'drid' without aspiration.
Pronouncing it as 'drud' with a long vowel.
Failing to retroflex the tongue for the 'ḍh' sound.
Confusing the vocalic 'r' with a full 'ri' sound (e.g., 'dridh').
Ignoring the aspiration, making it sound like 'dr̥ḍ'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Recognizing the Sanskrit characters requires some practice.

ライティング 4/5

The conjunct 'dr̥' and the retroflex 'ḍh' are tricky to write correctly.

スピーキング 4/5

The aspirated retroflex 'ḍh' is a common stumbling block for learners.

リスニング 3/5

Can be confused with other 'd' sounds if not listened to carefully.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

मज़बूत (Strong) पक्का (Sure) विश्वास (Belief) मन (Mind) काम (Work)

次に学ぶ

संकल्प (Determination) निश्चय (Resolve) अटल (Unmovable) स्थिर (Stable) निष्ठा (Loyalty)

上級

धृति (Fortitude) अडिग (Unshakeable) प्रतिबद्धता (Commitment) सुदृढ़ीकरण (Consolidation) अपरिहार्य (Inevitable)

知っておくべき文法

Invariant Adjectives

दृढ़ (dr̥ḍh) does not change to 'dr̥ḍhi' for feminine nouns.

Tatsama Word Usage

Use 'dr̥ḍh' in formal contexts and 'mazboot' in casual ones.

Abstract Noun Formation

Adding '-ta' to 'dr̥ḍh' creates 'dr̥ḍhata' (firmness).

Compound Adjective Formation

Combining 'dr̥ḍh' with 'man' creates 'dr̥ḍh-man' (firm-minded).

Adverbial Phrases with 'Se'

'Dr̥ḍhata se' (with firmness) functions as an adverb.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

レベル別の例文

उसकी पकड़ बहुत दृढ़ है।

His grip is very firm.

Simple subject-adjective-verb structure.

यह मेज दृढ़ है।

This table is solid/firm.

'Dr̥ḍh' used for physical solidity.

वह एक दृढ़ आदमी है।

He is a firm/strong man.

Adjective preceding the noun.

मेरा मन दृढ़ है।

My mind is firm.

Describing a mental state simply.

एक दृढ़ कदम उठाओ।

Take a firm step.

Using 'dr̥ḍh' with a physical action.

उसकी आवाज़ दृढ़ थी।

His voice was firm.

Describing a quality of sound.

यह आधार दृढ़ है।

This foundation is firm.

'Adhaar' means foundation.

दृढ़ रहो!

Stay firm!

Imperative use of the adjective.

मेरा हिंदी सीखने का निश्चय दृढ़ है।

My resolve to learn Hindi is firm.

Using 'dr̥ḍh' for a personal goal.

हमें दृढ़ संकल्प लेना चाहिए।

We should take a firm determination/resolve.

'Sankalp lena' is a common phrase.

वह अपने फैसले पर दृढ़ रही।

She remained firm on her decision.

'Rahna' used to show persistence.

एक दृढ़ योजना सफलता की कुंजी है।

A firm plan is the key to success.

Using 'dr̥ḍh' to describe a strategy.

उसका विश्वास दृढ़ है।

His belief is firm.

'Vishwas' is a frequent collocation.

हमें कठिन समय में दृढ़ रहना चाहिए।

We must stay firm in difficult times.

Giving advice using 'dr̥ḍh'.

उसने दृढ़ता से 'नहीं' कहा।

He said 'no' with firmness.

Using the noun form 'dr̥ḍhata' as an adverbial phrase.

क्या आपका इरादा दृढ़ है?

Is your intention firm?

Interrogative sentence structure.

सफलता के लिए दृढ़ इच्छाशक्ति बहुत ज़रूरी है।

Firm willpower is very necessary for success.

'Iccha-shakti' means willpower.

गांधीजी का अहिंसा में दृढ़ विश्वास था।

Gandhiji had a firm belief in non-violence.

Historical context usage.

मैनेजर ने नियमों के प्रति दृढ़ रुख अपनाया।

The manager took a firm stance towards the rules.

'Rukh apnana' means to adopt a stance.

उनकी दोस्ती का आधार बहुत दृढ़ है।

The foundation of their friendship is very firm.

Metaphorical use for relationships.

वह अपनी नैतिक मान्यताओं पर दृढ़ रहता है।

He remains firm on his moral beliefs.

'Naitik manyata' means moral belief.

एक दृढ़ चरित्र वाला व्यक्ति कभी नहीं हारता।

A person with a firm character never loses.

'Charitra' means character.

हमें अपनी संस्कृति के प्रति दृढ़ रहना चाहिए।

We should remain firm towards our culture.

Cultural preservation context.

अदालत ने एक दृढ़ फैसला सुनाया।

The court delivered a firm/decisive judgment.

Formal legal context.

सरकार ने भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ दृढ़ कदम उठाए हैं।

The government has taken firm steps against corruption.

Using 'dr̥ḍh' in a political/social context.

उसकी आँखों में एक दृढ़ चमक थी।

There was a resolute spark in his eyes.

Describing an abstract quality with imagery.

वैज्ञानिकों के पास इस सिद्धांत के दृढ़ प्रमाण हैं।

Scientists have firm evidence for this theory.

'Pramaan' means evidence/proof.

हमें अपनी आर्थिक नीतियों को दृढ़ बनाना होगा।

We have to make our economic policies firm/solid.

Using 'dr̥ḍh' as an object complement.

वह अपनी बात को दृढ़ता से रखने में माहिर है।

He is an expert at presenting his point with firmness.

Describing communication skills.

यह फिल्म सत्य के प्रति दृढ़ आग्रह को दर्शाती है।

This film depicts a firm insistence on truth.

'Aagrah' means insistence/request.

संकट के समय उनका नेतृत्व बहुत दृढ़ था।

Their leadership was very firm during the crisis.

Evaluating leadership qualities.

हमें एक दृढ़ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय गठबंधन की आवश्यकता है।

We need a firm international alliance.

Geopolitical context.

उपनिषदों में दृढ़ बुद्धि को आत्मज्ञान का साधन माना गया है।

In the Upanishads, a firm intellect is considered a means to self-realization.

Philosophical/Scriptural context.

लेखक ने समाज की कुरीतियों पर दृढ़ प्रहार किया है।

The author has made a firm strike against social evils.

Literary analysis usage.

उनकी दार्शनिक विचारधारा अत्यंत दृढ़ और सुसंगत है।

Their philosophical ideology is extremely firm and consistent.

'Susangat' means consistent/coherent.

सत्य का मार्ग कठिन है, किंतु इस पर दृढ़ रहना ही धर्म है।

The path of truth is difficult, but to remain firm on it is duty.

Ethical/Religious discourse.

न्यायाधीश की टिप्पणी ने कानून की दृढ़ता को पुनः स्थापित किया।

The judge's remark re-established the firmness of the law.

Formal judicial context.

इस काव्य में प्रकृति के दृढ़ और कोमल रूपों का मिश्रण है।

This poetry contains a mix of nature's firm and soft forms.

Aesthetic/Poetic analysis.

उनका व्यक्तित्व प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों में और भी दृढ़ हो जाता है।

Their personality becomes even firmer in adverse circumstances.

Psychological/Character study.

हमें अपने लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों के प्रति दृढ़ प्रतिबद्धता दिखानी होगी।

We must show a firm commitment to our democratic values.

'Pratibaddhata' means commitment.

तुलसीदास की भक्ति में जो दृढ़ता है, वह अद्वितीय है।

The firmness found in Tulsidas's devotion is unique.

High-level literary criticism.

सत्य की सत्ता स्वयंसिद्ध और दृढ़ है।

The existence of truth is self-evident and firm.

Ontological/Philosophical statement.

राजनीतिक अस्थिरता के बीच उनका रुख़ एक दृढ़ ध्रुव की तरह था।

Amidst political instability, his stance was like a firm North Star.

Metaphorical/Sophisticated comparison.

इतिहास गवाह है कि दृढ़ संकल्प ही साम्राज्यों की नींव रखते हैं।

History is witness that firm determination alone lays the foundations of empires.

Historical/Epic register.

वैज्ञानिक पद्धति की दृढ़ता उसके वस्तुनिष्ठ होने में निहित है।

The firmness of the scientific method lies in its being objective.

Epistemological discussion.

उनकी लेखनी में एक ऐसी दृढ़ता है जो पाठकों को झकझोर देती है।

There is such a firmness in their writing that it shakes the readers.

Describing literary impact.

मानवीय गरिमा के प्रति उनकी दृढ़ निष्ठा कभी कम नहीं हुई।

Their firm loyalty to human dignity never wavered.

Ethical/Humanistic focus.

ब्रह्मांड के नियम दृढ़ और अपरिवर्तनीय हैं।

The laws of the universe are firm and immutable.

Cosmological statement.

よく使う組み合わせ

दृढ़ निश्चय

दृढ़ संकल्प

दृढ़ विश्वास

दृढ़ आधार

दृढ़ पकड़

दृढ़ इच्छाशक्ति

दृढ़ रुख

दृढ़ प्रमाण

दृढ़ बंधन

दृढ़ निष्ठा

よく使うフレーズ

दृढ़ रहना

— To stay firm or remain resolute in one's position or belief.

अपने सिद्धांतों पर दृढ़ रहो।

दृढ़ करना

— To strengthen or make something firm (often used for foundations or beliefs).

हमें अपनी नींव दृढ़ करनी होगी।

दृढ़ स्वर में

— Speaking with a firm and confident voice.

उसने दृढ़ स्वर में उत्तर दिया।

दृढ़ इरादा

— A firm intention to do something.

मेरा इरादा दृढ़ है, मैं पीछे नहीं हटूँगा।

दृढ़ प्रतिज्ञा

— A firm vow or solemn promise.

भीष्म ने दृढ़ प्रतिज्ञा की थी।

दृढ़ चरित्र

— A strong and reliable character.

वह एक दृढ़ चरित्र का व्यक्ति है।

दृढ़ आस्था

— Unshakeable faith or devotion.

उनकी भगवान में दृढ़ आस्था है।

दृढ़ नेतृत्व

— Firm and decisive leadership.

देश को एक दृढ़ नेतृत्व की ज़रूरत है।

दृढ़ मानसिकता

— A resolute or strong mindset.

खेल जीतने के लिए दृढ़ मानसिकता चाहिए।

दृढ़ समर्थन

— Solid and unwavering support.

जनता का सरकार को दृढ़ समर्थन मिला।

よく混同される語

दृढ़ vs ज़िद्दी (Ziddi)

'Ziddi' means stubborn (negative), while 'dr̥ḍh' means resolute (positive).

दृढ़ vs कठोर (Kathor)

'Kathor' means harsh/hard, while 'dr̥ḍh' means firm/solid.

दृढ़ vs मज़बूत (Mazboot)

'Mazboot' is for physical strength, while 'dr̥ḍh' is for mental/moral strength.

慣用句と表現

"पत्थर की लकीर होना"

— To be like a line carved in stone; unchangeable and firm. Often used as an idiomatic equivalent of 'dr̥ḍh'.

मेरी बात पत्थर की लकीर है।

Informal/Common

"लोहे के चने चबाना"

— To chew iron chickpeas; to perform a task requiring immense firmness and hard work.

यह परीक्षा पास करना लोहे के चने चबाने जैसा है।

Common

"पर्वत की तरह अडिग"

— Unshakeable like a mountain; used to describe extreme firmness of character.

वह संकट में भी पर्वत की तरह अडिग रहा।

Literary

"हाथ न छोड़ना"

— To not let go of the hand; to maintain a firm support or connection.

मुसीबत में उसने मेरा हाथ नहीं छोड़ा।

Common

"कमर कसना"

— To tighten the belt; to prepare with firm determination for a challenge.

अब परीक्षा के लिए कमर कस लो।

Common

"खूँटा गाड़ना"

— To drive a stake into the ground; to establish a firm and permanent position.

उसने व्यापार में अपना खूँटा गाड़ दिया।

Colloquial

"बाज़ू फड़कना"

— Arms twitching; a sign of firm readiness or eagerness to show strength.

दुश्मन को देख उसके बाज़ू फड़कने लगे।

Literary

"सीने पर पत्थर रखना"

— To place a stone on the chest; to show firm emotional control in grief.

उसने सीने पर पत्थर रखकर विदाई दी।

Common

"ज़ुबान का पक्का"

— Firm of tongue; someone who always keeps their word.

वह अपनी ज़ुबान का पक्का है।

Common

"एक पैर पर खड़ा रहना"

— To stand on one leg; to show extreme and firm dedication to a task.

वह सेवा के लिए एक पैर पर खड़ा रहता है।

Common

間違えやすい

दृढ़ vs दर्द (Dard)

Phonetically similar for beginners.

'Dard' means pain; 'dr̥ḍh' means firm. The 'r' and 'd' sounds are in different positions.

मुझे दर्द है (I have pain) vs मेरा मन दृढ़ है (My mind is firm).

दृढ़ vs दूर (Door)

Starts with the same 'd' sound.

'Door' means far; 'dr̥ḍh' means firm.

वह दूर है (He is far) vs वह दृढ़ है (He is firm).

दृढ़ vs दूध (Doodh)

Beginners might struggle with the 'd' and 'dh' sounds.

'Doodh' means milk; 'dr̥ḍh' means firm.

दूध पियो (Drink milk) vs दृढ़ रहो (Stay firm).

दृढ़ vs द्वार (Dwaar)

Contains a conjunct 'dw'.

'Dwaar' means door/gate; 'dr̥ḍh' means firm.

द्वार खोलो (Open the door) vs दृढ़ निश्चय (Firm resolve).

दृढ़ vs दृष्टि (Drishti)

Starts with the same 'dr̥' sound.

'Drishti' means vision/sight; 'dr̥ḍh' means firm.

उसकी दृष्टि कमज़ोर है (His vision is weak) vs उसका इरादा दृढ़ है (His intention is firm).

文型パターン

[Noun] + दृढ़ + है।

मेज दृढ़ है।

मेरा + [Abstract Noun] + दृढ़ + है।

मेरा निश्चय दृढ़ है।

हमें + [Noun] + के प्रति + दृढ़ + रहना चाहिए।

हमें अपने मूल्यों के प्रति दृढ़ रहना चाहिए।

[Subject] + ने + [Noun] + के खिलाफ + दृढ़ कदम + उठाए।

पुलिस ने अपराध के खिलाफ दृढ़ कदम उठाए।

[Abstract Noun] + की + दृढ़ता + [Verb] + है।

सत्य की दृढ़ता सबको प्रभावित करती है।

यद्यपि [Condition], तथापि [Subject] दृढ़ रहा।

यद्यपि बहुत बाधाएँ थीं, तथापि वह दृढ़ रहा।

[Subject] + का + [Quality] + में + दृढ़ विश्वास + उसकी सफलता का आधार है।

उसका मानवता में दृढ़ विश्वास उसकी सफलता का आधार है।

[Complex Noun] + का + सुदृढ़ीकरण + आवश्यक है।

लोकतांत्रिक संस्थाओं का सुदृढ़ीकरण आवश्यक है।

語族

名詞

दृढ़ता (Dr̥ḍhata - firmness/determination)

दृढ़ीकरण (Dr̥ḍhikaran - strengthening/consolidation)

動詞

दृढ़ करना (Dr̥ḍh karna - to strengthen/make firm)

दृढ़ होना (Dr̥ḍh hona - to become firm/steadfast)

形容詞

दृढ़ (Dr̥ḍh - firm)

सुदृढ़ (Sudr̥ḍh - very strong/well-consolidated)

使い方

frequency

High in formal speech, news, and literature; medium in daily conversation.

よくある間違い

Using 'dr̥ḍh' for a stubborn child. → Use 'ziddi' for a stubborn child.
'Dr̥ḍh' is a positive word for being resolute, while 'ziddi' is usually negative for being stubborn.
Saying 'dr̥ḍhi' for a feminine noun. → Say 'dr̥ḍh' for both masculine and feminine.
'Dr̥ḍh' is an invariant adjective and does not change its ending.
Using 'dr̥ḍh' for a strong cup of tea. → Use 'kadak' for strong tea.
'Dr̥ḍh' is not used for food or drink intensity; 'kadak' or 'tez' is preferred.
Pronouncing it as 'drid' (rhyming with 'bid'). → Pronounce it as 'dr̥-ḍh' with a retroflex and aspiration.
The final 'ḍh' is crucial for correct meaning and native-like sound.
Using 'dr̥ḍh' to mean 'heavy'. → Use 'bhari' for heavy.
'Dr̥ḍh' means solid or firm, not necessarily heavy in weight.

ヒント

Pair with Abstract Nouns

To sound more natural, always try to pair 'dr̥ḍh' with abstract nouns like 'nishchay', 'sankalp', or 'vishwas'. This is where the word is most commonly used by native speakers.

The Retroflex Breath

Practice the final 'ḍh' sound. If you don't aspirate it (add the 'h' sound), it can sound like a different word. The breathiness is key to the word's impact.

Keep it Simple

Don't worry about gender or pluralization with 'dr̥ḍh'. It stays the same no matter what it's describing, which is a big relief for learners!

Use it for Goals

When talking about your Hindi learning goals, use 'dr̥ḍh nishchay'. It shows your teacher and friends that you are serious and committed.

Visualizing the Character

When writing the character 'दृ', remember it's a 'd' with a small hook at the bottom for the 'r'. It's one of the more beautiful characters in Devanagari.

News Watching

Watch the Hindi news for 10 minutes. You are almost guaranteed to hear 'dr̥ḍh' used when the anchor talks about government decisions or policies.

Leadership Virtue

In India, being 'dr̥ḍh' is a sign of a good leader. Use this word when you want to praise someone's leadership or decision-making skills.

Positive Steadfastness

Remember that 'dr̥ḍh' is the 'good' kind of stubborn. Use it when you want to admire someone's refusal to give up on their principles.

The Oak Tree Image

Whenever you see the word 'dr̥ḍh', imagine a solid oak tree. It's strong, rooted, and unmoving. This visual will help you remember its core meaning.

Avoid Triviality

Don't use 'dr̥ḍh' for small things like what to eat for lunch. It's a 'heavy' word meant for significant things in life.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Dr̥ḍh' as 'Dried' mud. When mud is wet, it's soft, but when it's 'Dried' (Dr̥ḍh), it becomes rock hard and firm.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant oak tree in a storm. The branches might move, but the trunk is 'dr̥ḍh'—it stands solid and unshakeable.

Word Web

Strength Integrity Solidity Resolve Unwavering Reliable Principled Unshakeable

チャレンジ

Try to identify three things in your life that are 'dr̥ḍh' (e.g., a belief, a physical object, a habit). Write them down in Hindi.

語源

Derived from the Sanskrit root 'dr̥h' (दृह्) which means 'to be firm, strong, or solid'. It is a Tatsama word, meaning it has been borrowed directly into Hindi without structural change.

元の意味： In Sanskrit, it meant physically solid, compact, massive, or strong. It also carried the sense of 'confirmed' or 'certain'.

Indo-Aryan (part of the Indo-European family).

文化的な背景

Be careful not to use 'dr̥ḍh' for a person who is being unreasonable; in that case, 'ziddi' (stubborn) is more accurate.

English speakers might use 'stubborn' or 'hard' more often, but Hindi speakers prefer 'dr̥ḍh' for its positive, virtuous connotation.

Bhagavad Gita: Describes the 'dr̥ḍh' devotee. Mahatma Gandhi: His concept of Satyagraha (Satya + Agraha = Firmness in Truth). Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Known as the 'Iron Man' for his 'dr̥ḍh' leadership.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Goal Setting

दृढ़ निश्चय करना
दृढ़ संकल्प लेना
अपने लक्ष्य पर दृढ़ रहना
दृढ़ इच्छाशक्ति दिखाना

Physical Strength

दृढ़ पकड़
दृढ़ आधार
दृढ़ नींव
सुदृढ़ ढांचा

Professional Stance

दृढ़ रुख अपनाना
दृढ़ फैसला
दृढ़ नेतृत्व
दृढ़ प्रतिबद्धता

Personal Beliefs

दृढ़ विश्वास
दृढ़ आस्था
अपने मूल्यों पर दृढ़ रहना
दृढ़ निष्ठा

Arguments/Logic

दृढ़ प्रमाण
दृढ़ तर्क
दृढ़ आधार पर कहना
दृढ़ निष्कर्ष

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपका जीवन में कोई ऐसा लक्ष्य है जिसके लिए आप दृढ़ हैं?"

"आपके अनुसार एक नेता के लिए दृढ़ होना क्यों ज़रूरी है?"

"क्या आप किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति को जानते हैं जिसका व्यक्तित्व बहुत दृढ़ है?"

"मुश्किल समय में आप खुद को दृढ़ कैसे रखते हैं?"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि सफलता के लिए केवल दृढ़ निश्चय काफी है?"

日記のテーマ

आज मैंने अपने किस काम में दृढ़ता दिखाई? विस्तार से लिखें।

एक ऐसी घटना के बारे में लिखें जब आपको अपना फैसला दृढ़ रखना पड़ा।

मेरे जीवन के तीन सबसे दृढ़ विश्वास क्या हैं और क्यों?

मैं अपनी इच्छाशक्ति को और अधिक दृढ़ कैसे बना सकता हूँ?

क्या कभी मेरा कोई दृढ़ निश्चय बदला? उसके पीछे क्या कारण थे?

よくある質問

10 問

No, 'dr̥ḍh' is an invariant adjective in modern Hindi. You can use it for both masculine and feminine nouns without any change in its form. For example, 'dr̥ḍh nishchay' (masculine) and 'dr̥ḍh astha' (feminine).

Yes, but it is a specific type of 'strong'. While 'mazboot' is used for physical strength (like a strong person or building), 'dr̥ḍh' is used for mental or moral strength (like a firm decision or belief).

Use 'pakka' in casual, everyday conversations with friends and family. Use 'dr̥ḍh' in formal writing, speeches, or when you want to sound more serious and educated.

It's less common than 'mazboot' or 'balwan', but you can use 'dr̥ḍh-kay' to describe a person with a solid, well-built body in a literary sense.

'Dr̥ḍh' emphasizes internal strength and solidity, while 'atal' emphasizes that something cannot be moved or changed from its position. They are often used together for emphasis.

It is a retroflex sound, meaning you curl your tongue back to touch the roof of your mouth. Then, release it with a breath of air (aspiration). It sounds like a heavy 'd' followed by an 'h'.

It is almost always positive, implying integrity, reliability, and strength of character. To describe someone who is stubbornly firm in a bad way, you would use 'ziddi'.

The noun form is 'dr̥ḍhata' (दृढ़ता), which means 'firmness' or 'determination'. You can say 'usne dr̥ḍhata dikhayi' (he showed firmness).

Yes, it is very common in business contexts to describe 'firm' policies, 'solid' foundations, or 'resolute' leadership.

No, for hard food, you would use 'sakht' or 'kathor'. 'Dr̥ḍh' is not used in culinary contexts.

無料登録してヒントとメモを見る