B1 · 中級 チャプター 37

Relative Clauses: Adding Detail

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of combining ideas to create rich, descriptive Armenian sentences.

  • Identify relative pronouns like Որ, Ով, and Ինչ.
  • Distinguish between essential and non-essential information.
  • Construct complex sentences using relative clauses.
Connect ideas, describe clearly, speak fluently.

学べること

Learn to use relative clauses with pronouns like Որ, Ով, Ինչ to add descriptive detail to nouns. This chapter distinguishes between defining and non-defining clauses.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'որ' to link descriptive clauses to nouns in spoken conversation.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

Keep it simple

Don't worry about 'who' vs 'which'. Just use 'որ'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses: Who, Which, That
💡

The Comma Rule

If you see 'որ', 'ով', or 'ինչ' connecting two parts of a sentence, put a comma before it. No exceptions!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns: Որ, Ով, Ինչ
💡

Keep it simple

Don't make your relative clauses too long. If they get too long, break them into two sentences.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Defining Relative Clauses: Essential Information
💡

The 'Which' Test

If you can translate the Armenian 'որ' as 'by the way, which/who...', it's non-defining and needs commas.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Additional Information

重要な語彙 (5)

որ that/which ով who ինչ what նկարագրել to describe կետադրություն punctuation

Real-World Preview

smile

Describing a Friend

Review Summary

  • Noun + Որ + Clause
  • Ով (people) / Որ (things) / Ինչ (abstract)
  • Noun + Որ + Essential Clause
  • Noun, Որ + Extra Clause, ...
  • Pronoun as Subject or Object
  • Noun + Preposition + Relative Pronoun

よくある間違い

Defining clauses should not be separated by commas in this specific context.

Wrong: Տունը, որը մեծ է, իմն է:
正解: Տունը, որ մեծ է, իմն է:

Use 'ով' for people, not 'որ'.

Wrong: Այն մարդը, որ աշխատում է այստեղ...
正解: Այն մարդը, ով աշխատում է այստեղ...

Prepositions must be placed correctly with the relative pronoun.

Wrong: Սա գիրքն է, որ ես կարդացի մասին:
正解: Սա գիրքն է, որի մասին ես կարդացի:

Next Steps

You are doing amazing! The way you handle these complex structures is impressive. Keep practicing, and you will be thinking in Armenian in no time!

Write a diary entry using 5 relative clauses.

Continue to: Reported Speech: Telling What Was Said

クイック練習 (10)

Fill in the blank with 'որ'.

Սա այն տղան է, ___ ինձ օգնեց։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որ
We use 'որ' to describe the person.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses: Who, Which, That

Choose the correct relative pronoun for a person (formal).

Նա, ___ աշխատում է, կհաջողի:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ով
'Ով' is the specific relative pronoun for people.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns: Որ, Ով, Ինչ

Fill in the blank with 'որ'.

Այն տղան ___ խաղում է, իմ ընկերն է։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որ
The connector 'որ' is used here.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Defining Relative Clauses: Essential Information

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Այն ընկերը, որը հետ ես խաղում եմ։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Այն ընկերը, որի հետ ես խաղում եմ։
Must use 'որի' with 'հետ'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions in Relative Clauses

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Այն մարդը, ով ես տեսա, իմ ուսուցիչն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
When the person is the object of the clause, use 'որին' (whom).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Additional Information

Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun form.

Այն գիրքը, ___ մասին ես պատմեցի, շատ հետաքրքիր է։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որի
Requires genitive 'որի' for 'մասին'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions in Relative Clauses

Fill in the correct relative pronoun.

Նա չզանգեց ինձ, ___ ինձ շատ տխրեցրեց:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
'Ինչը' is used to refer to the entire preceding situation (the fact that he didn't call).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Additional Information

Choose the correctly punctuated sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Non-defining clauses must be enclosed in commas on both sides.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Additional Information

Choose the correct form for 'whom'.

Աղջիկը, ___ ես տեսա, գեղեցիկ էր:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որին
'Որին' is the dative/accusative form used for people as objects.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns as Subject and Object

Fill in the correct relative pronoun (որ or որը).

Այն գիրքը, ___ ես կարդում եմ, շատ հին է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որը
Since 'book' is a specific object being acted upon, 'որը' is the best fit.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns as Subject and Object

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Yes, it is universal.
Yes, in modern Armenian 'որ' is perfectly acceptable for people and is very common in speech.
Yes, Armenian grammar requires a comma before all relative pronouns.
Yes, 'որ' is the most common connector for defining clauses.
No, defining clauses do not take commas.
In modern Armenian, որ is much more common for relative clauses, even for people. ով is mostly used as an interrogative ('Who are you?') or in very formal/poetic relative clauses.
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Conditional Sentences: If... Then... (Type 2 & 3)
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Reported Speech: Telling What Was Said
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