B1 · متوسط فصل 37

Relative Clauses: Adding Detail

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of combining ideas to create rich, descriptive Armenian sentences.

  • Identify relative pronouns like Որ, Ով, and Ինչ.
  • Distinguish between essential and non-essential information.
  • Construct complex sentences using relative clauses.
Connect ideas, describe clearly, speak fluently.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Learn to use relative clauses with pronouns like Որ, Ով, Ինչ to add descriptive detail to nouns. This chapter distinguishes between defining and non-defining clauses.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'որ' to link descriptive clauses to nouns in spoken conversation.

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

Keep it simple

Don't worry about 'who' vs 'which'. Just use 'որ'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses: Who, Which, That
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The Comma Rule

If you see 'որ', 'ով', or 'ինչ' connecting two parts of a sentence, put a comma before it. No exceptions!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns: Որ, Ով, Ինչ
💡

Keep it simple

Don't make your relative clauses too long. If they get too long, break them into two sentences.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Defining Relative Clauses: Essential Information
💡

The 'Which' Test

If you can translate the Armenian 'որ' as 'by the way, which/who...', it's non-defining and needs commas.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Additional Information

واژگان کلیدی (5)

որ that/which ով who ինչ what նկարագրել to describe կետադրություն punctuation

Real-World Preview

smile

Describing a Friend

Review Summary

  • Noun + Որ + Clause
  • Ով (people) / Որ (things) / Ինչ (abstract)
  • Noun + Որ + Essential Clause
  • Noun, Որ + Extra Clause, ...
  • Pronoun as Subject or Object
  • Noun + Preposition + Relative Pronoun

اشتباهات رایج

Defining clauses should not be separated by commas in this specific context.

Wrong: Տունը, որը մեծ է, իմն է:
صحیح: Տունը, որ մեծ է, իմն է:

Use 'ով' for people, not 'որ'.

Wrong: Այն մարդը, որ աշխատում է այստեղ...
صحیح: Այն մարդը, ով աշխատում է այստեղ...

Prepositions must be placed correctly with the relative pronoun.

Wrong: Սա գիրքն է, որ ես կարդացի մասին:
صحیح: Սա գիրքն է, որի մասին ես կարդացի:

Next Steps

You are doing amazing! The way you handle these complex structures is impressive. Keep practicing, and you will be thinking in Armenian in no time!

Write a diary entry using 5 relative clauses.

Continue to: Reported Speech: Telling What Was Said

تمرین سریع (10)

Choose the correct form for 'whom'.

Աղջիկը, ___ ես տեսա, գեղեցիկ էր:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որին
'Որին' is the dative/accusative form used for people as objects.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns as Subject and Object

Choose the correct relative pronoun for a person (formal).

Նա, ___ աշխատում է, կհաջողի:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ով
'Ով' is the specific relative pronoun for people.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns: Որ, Ով, Ինչ

Correct the punctuation in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Այն մարդը որ խոսում է իմ հայրն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Այն մարդը, որ խոսում է, իմ հայրն է:
Relative clauses must be set off by commas in Armenian.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns as Subject and Object

Fill in the correct form of 'որ'.

Այն աղջիկը, ___ տեսար, իմ քույրն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որին
The girl is the object of the verb 'saw' (տեսար), so we need the dative/accusative form 'որին'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns: Որ, Ով, Ինչ

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Այն մարդը, ով ես տեսա, իմ ուսուցիչն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
When the person is the object of the clause, use 'որին' (whom).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Additional Information

Fill in the correct relative pronoun (որ or որը).

Այն գիրքը, ___ ես կարդում եմ, շատ հին է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որը
Since 'book' is a specific object being acted upon, 'որը' is the best fit.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns as Subject and Object

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Այն տունը, որի մեջ ես ապրում եմ։
Preposition must follow the relative pronoun.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions in Relative Clauses

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Տղան, որ խաղում է, իմն է։
Defining clauses need correct punctuation.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Defining Relative Clauses: Essential Information

Fill in the correct relative pronoun.

Նա չզանգեց ինձ, ___ ինձ շատ տխրեցրեց:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
'Ինչը' is used to refer to the entire preceding situation (the fact that he didn't call).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Non-Defining Relative Clauses: Additional Information

Find the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Այն տունը որ ես ապրում եմ, հին է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Missing comma
There must be a comma before 'որ'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns: Որ, Ով, Ինչ

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

Yes, it is universal.
Yes, in modern Armenian 'որ' is perfectly acceptable for people and is very common in speech.
Yes, Armenian grammar requires a comma before all relative pronouns.
Yes, 'որ' is the most common connector for defining clauses.
No, defining clauses do not take commas.
In modern Armenian, որ is much more common for relative clauses, even for people. ով is mostly used as an interrogative ('Who are you?') or in very formal/poetic relative clauses.
فصل قبلی
Conditional Sentences: If... Then... (Type 2 & 3)
فصل بعدی
Reported Speech: Telling What Was Said
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