negara 30秒で
- Negara is the Indonesian word for country.
- It refers to a nation with its own government and territory.
- Used in contexts of geography, politics, and citizenship.
- Remember 'warga negara' means citizen.
- Core Meaning
- The Indonesian word 'negara' translates to 'country' in English. It refers to a distinct political entity, a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory.
- Scope of Use
- 'Negara' is used in a wide range of contexts, from everyday conversations about geography and travel to more formal discussions about politics, economics, and international relations. It is a fundamental term when talking about the world's different nations and their characteristics.
- Examples of Usage
- When discussing citizenship, one might say 'Saya warga negara Indonesia' (I am a citizen of Indonesia). When talking about travel plans, someone might ask, 'Negara mana yang ingin kamu kunjungi?' (Which country do you want to visit?). In news reports, you'll often hear about the relationship between two 'negara' (countries).
- Abstract vs. Concrete
- While 'negara' can refer to the physical landmass and its people, it often carries a more abstract meaning representing the government, the state apparatus, and the national identity. For instance, 'kekuatan negara' means 'the strength of the country,' implying governmental or economic power.
- Cultural Nuances
- In Indonesian discourse, the concept of 'negara' is often associated with unity, progress, and national pride. Discussions about 'pembangunan negara' (national development) or 'kedaulatan negara' (national sovereignty) are common and reflect the importance placed on the well-being and independence of the nation.
- Related Concepts
- 'Negara' is closely related to terms like 'bangsa' (nation/people), 'pemerintah' (government), and 'wilayah' (territory). While 'bangsa' refers to the ethnic or cultural group, 'negara' is the political entity. The 'pemerintah' is the body that governs the 'negara'.
Indonesia adalah sebuah negara kepulauan yang besar.
Kami belajar tentang sejarah negara ini di sekolah.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- 'Negara' often appears as the subject or object in a sentence. It can be modified by adjectives or possessives. For instance, 'Negara maju' (developed country) or 'negara saya' (my country).
- Talking About Specific Countries
- To refer to a specific country, you often use the country's name followed by 'negara'. For example, 'Amerika Serikat negara adidaya' (The United States is a superpower country). However, more commonly, the country name itself implies 'negara', so you might just say 'Amerika Serikat' when the context is clear.
- Possession and Relationship
- To show possession or a relationship, you can use possessive pronouns or nouns. 'Bendera negara kami' (Our country's flag) or 'ibu kota negara' (the capital city of the country). The possessive often comes after 'negara'.
- Describing Characteristics
- Adjectives are frequently used to describe the qualities of a 'negara'. Examples include 'negara miskin' (poor country), 'negara kaya' (rich country), 'negara berkembang' (developing country), and 'negara demokrasi' (democratic country).
- Actions and Policies
- Verbs can describe what a 'negara' does or what happens within it. 'Negara menjamin hak asasi manusia' (The country guarantees human rights) or 'ekonomi negara meningkat' (the country's economy is increasing).
- Geographical and Political Contexts
- 'Negara' is used in phrases like 'hubungan antarnegara' (inter-state relations), 'perbatasan negara' (national border), and 'sistem pemerintahan negara' (system of state government). These phrases highlight the political and territorial aspects.
Banyak negara di Asia Tenggara memiliki budaya yang kaya.
Pemerintah negara tersebut berupaya meningkatkan pendidikan.
- News and Current Events
- You will hear 'negara' frequently in news broadcasts, newspapers, and online articles discussing international relations, political events, economic trends, and conflicts between nations. For example, 'Ketegangan antara kedua negara meningkat' (Tensions between the two countries are increasing).
- Educational Settings
- In history, geography, and civics classes, 'negara' is a fundamental term. Students learn about different countries, their governments, and their roles in the world. Teachers might ask, 'Sebutkan lima negara di Eropa' (Name five countries in Europe).
- Travel and Tourism Discussions
- When people talk about their travel experiences or plans, 'negara' is naturally used. 'Saya sudah mengunjungi banyak negara di Asia' (I have visited many countries in Asia) or 'Negara tujuan saya tahun ini adalah Jepang' (My travel destination this year is Japan).
- Discussions about Identity and Citizenship
- Conversations about where someone is from, their nationality, or their rights and responsibilities as a citizen will involve 'negara'. 'Dia adalah warga negara Australia' (He is an Australian citizen) or 'Hak setiap warga negara harus dilindungi' (The rights of every citizen must be protected).
- Formal Speeches and Debates
- In political speeches, international forums, and academic debates, 'negara' is used to refer to sovereign entities and their policies. Phrases like 'kedaulatan negara' (national sovereignty) and 'hubungan diplomatik antarnegara' (diplomatic relations between countries) are common.
- Everyday Conversations
- Even in casual chats, 'negara' can come up. For example, when discussing movies from different countries, sports teams representing nations, or even when comparing lifestyles in different parts of the world.
Berita internasional sering membahas hubungan antar negara.
- Confusing 'Negara' with 'Bangsa'
- A common mistake is using 'negara' when 'bangsa' (nation/people/ethnicity) is more appropriate, or vice versa. 'Negara' refers to the political entity, while 'bangsa' refers to the people, often with shared culture or ethnicity. For example, 'Bangsa Indonesia' refers to the Indonesian people, while 'Negara Indonesia' refers to the Indonesian state. Saying 'Saya adalah bangsa Indonesia' is less common than 'Saya adalah warga negara Indonesia' (I am an Indonesian citizen) or 'Saya berasal dari bangsa Melayu' (I am from the Malay nation/people).
- Overuse of 'Negara' with Proper Nouns
- In English, we might say 'the country of Japan'. In Indonesian, while 'Negara Jepang' is grammatically correct, it's often redundant. Usually, just saying 'Jepang' is sufficient when referring to the country, especially when the context is clear. Using 'negara' before every country name can sound unnatural.
- Ignoring Plurality (Implicit)
- Indonesian nouns do not typically have distinct plural forms like English. The word 'negara' can refer to one country or multiple countries. Context usually clarifies this. However, phrases like 'beberapa negara' (several countries) or 'banyak negara' (many countries) are used to explicitly indicate plurality. A mistake might be assuming 'negara' only means singular.
- Misunderstanding 'Warga Negara'
- 'Warga negara' specifically means 'citizen'. Learners might mistakenly use 'negara' alone when they mean 'citizen'. For example, saying 'Saya negara Indonesia' instead of 'Saya warga negara Indonesia' (I am an Indonesian citizen). This is like saying 'I am country Indonesia' instead of 'I am a citizen of Indonesia'.
- Incorrect Placement of Adjectives
- While less common with 'negara' itself, remember that in Indonesian, descriptive adjectives usually follow the noun. So, 'developed country' is 'negara berkembang', not 'berkembang negara'.
Salah: Saya negara Indonesia. Benar: Saya warga negara Indonesia.
- Negara vs. Bangsa
- Negara: Refers to the political state, the sovereign entity with a government and defined territory. It's about the administrative and political structure.
Bangsa: Refers to the people, often united by a common ethnicity, culture, language, or history. It's about shared identity and heritage.
Example: 'Negara Indonesia didirikan oleh para pejuang dari berbagai bangsa.' (The Indonesian state was founded by fighters from various peoples/ethnicities.) Here, 'negara' is the state, and 'bangsa' refers to the diverse groups of people who formed it. - Negara vs. Tanah Air
- Negara: As discussed, the political state.
Tanah Air: Literally 'land and water', this term means 'homeland' or 'fatherland'. It carries a more emotional and patriotic connotation, referring to the land of one's birth and upbringing, the place one feels deeply connected to.
Example: 'Saya cinta tanah air saya, Indonesia.' (I love my homeland, Indonesia.) While Indonesia is a 'negara', 'tanah air' evokes a deeper sense of belonging and emotional attachment to the land and its people. - Negara vs. Dunia
- Negara: A specific country.
Dunia: Means 'world'. It refers to the entire globe, encompassing all countries and peoples.
Example: 'Perubahan iklim adalah masalah bagi seluruh dunia, bukan hanya satu negara.' (Climate change is a problem for the whole world, not just one country.) - Negara vs. Wilayah
- Negara: The political entity.
Wilayah: Means 'territory' or 'region'. It can refer to a part of a country, a geographical area, or even a country's territorial waters. It's more about the physical space.
Example: 'Wilayah perbatasan negara ini dijaga ketat.' (The border territory of this country is heavily guarded.) Here, 'wilayah' specifies the border area within the 'negara'. - Negara vs. Kota/Daerah
- Negara: Country.
Kota: City.
Daerah: Region or area (can be administrative or geographical).
Example: 'Saya tinggal di kota Bandung, di negara Indonesia.' (I live in the city of Bandung, in the country of Indonesia.) This shows the hierarchy: a city is within a region, which is within a country.
Indonesia adalah sebuah negara, dan Pancasila adalah ideologi bangsa.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The Sanskrit root 'nagara' is also the origin of words like 'nagari' in Hindi, which also means city. This shared root highlights the ancient connections and influences on vocabulary across South and Southeast Asia.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the first 'e' as a long 'ee' sound.
- Not rolling or tapping the 'r' sound sufficiently.
- Incorrect stress placement, putting it on the first syllable.
難易度
At the A1-A2 level, 'negara' is encountered in simple texts about geography and basic facts. As learners progress to B1 and above, it appears in more complex articles discussing politics, economics, and social issues, requiring a higher reading proficiency.
レベル別の例文
Ini negara Jepang.
This country Japan.
'negara' is used here to identify a specific country.
Saya dari negara Indonesia.
I from country Indonesia.
'dari negara' means 'from the country of'.
Negara itu besar.
Country that big.
'itu' (that) modifies 'negara' (country).
Bisa pergi ke negara lain?
Can go to country other?
'negara lain' means 'another country'.
Dia suka negara ini.
He/She likes country this.
'negara ini' means 'this country'.
Ada banyak negara di dunia.
There are many country in world.
'banyak negara' means 'many countries'.
Negara apa ibukotanya?
Country what capital-its?
Asking about the capital city of a country.
Saya belajar tentang negara-negara.
I learn about countries.
Plurality is often implied or indicated by context or quantifiers.
Singapura adalah negara kecil tapi maju.
Singapore is country small but advanced.
Using adjectives 'kecil' (small) and 'maju' (advanced) to describe the country.
Apakah kamu pernah mengunjungi negara Eropa?
Have you ever visited country European?
Asking about visiting countries in a specific continent.
Ekonomi negara berkembang sedang meningkat.
Economy country developing is increasing.
'negara berkembang' means 'developing country'.
Pemerintah negara ini berencana membangun jalan baru.
Government country this plans build road new.
Talking about government plans within a country.
Banyak turis datang ke negara kami setiap tahun.
Many tourists come to country our every year.
'negara kami' means 'our country'.
Dia bekerja di kedutaan negara asing.
He/She works at embassy country foreign.
'negara asing' means 'foreign country'.
Apa perbedaan antara negara dan benua?
What difference between country and continent?
Comparing 'negara' with 'benua' (continent).
Saya ingin belajar tentang sejarah negara-negara Asia.
I want learn about history countries Asia.
Learning about the history of Asian countries.
Hubungan diplomatik antara kedua negara semakin membaik.
Relations diplomatic between two countries increasingly improving.
'hubungan diplomatik antarnegara' refers to diplomatic relations between countries.
Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia.
Indonesia is country archipelago largest in world.
'negara kepulauan' means 'archipelagic country'.
Kedaulatan negara harus dihormati oleh semua pihak.
Sovereignty country must be respected by all parties.
'kedaulatan negara' means 'national sovereignty'.
Perekonomian negara ini sangat bergantung pada sektor pariwisata.
Economy country this very depends on sector tourism.
Discussing economic dependence on a sector.
Setiap warga negara memiliki hak dan kewajiban.
Every citizen has rights and obligations.
'warga negara' means 'citizen'.
Perjanjian perdagangan bebas ini melibatkan banyak negara.
Agreement trade free this involves many countries.
Referring to countries involved in international agreements.
Negara-negara maju diharapkan membantu negara berkembang.
Countries developed are expected to help countries developing.
Discussing the relationship between developed and developing countries.
Perbatasan negara sering menjadi sumber konflik.
Borders country often become source conflict.
'perbatasan negara' means 'national border'.
Deklarasi universal hak asasi manusia berlaku untuk seluruh negara.
Declaration universal rights human applies to all countries.
Universal declaration of human rights applying to all states.
Pembentukan negara bangsa merupakan fenomena sejarah yang kompleks.
Formation country nation is phenomenon historical that complex.
'negara bangsa' refers to a nation-state.
Analis memprediksi pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara berkembang akan melambat.
Analysts predict growth economy countries developing will slow down.
Predicting economic trends for developing countries.
Peran negara dalam mengatur pasar bebas masih menjadi perdebatan.
Role country in regulating market free still becomes debate.
Discussing the role of the state in market regulation.
Konferensi tingkat tinggi ini dihadiri oleh kepala negara dan pemerintahan.
Conference level high this attended by heads country and government.
'kepala negara' means 'head of state'.
Globalisasi telah mengubah lanskap politik dan ekonomi antarnegara.
Globalization has changed landscape political and economic between countries.
Globalization's impact on inter-state political and economic landscapes.
Setiap negara memiliki sistem hukum yang berbeda.
Each country has system law that different.
Comparing legal systems of different countries.
Tantangan terbesar bagi negara-negara pulau adalah kenaikan permukaan air laut.
Challenges biggest for countries island is rise surface water sea.
Challenges faced by island nations.
Otonomi daerah merupakan upaya desentralisasi kekuasaan negara.
Autonomy region is effort decentralization power country.
'Otonomi daerah' (regional autonomy) as a form of decentralization of state power.
Diskursus mengenai identitas nasional seringkali bersinggungan dengan konsep negara bangsa.
Discourse regarding identity national often intersects with concept nation-state.
The intersection of national identity discourse and the nation-state concept.
Implementasi kebijakan luar negeri mencerminkan prioritas strategis suatu negara.
Implementation policy foreign reflects priorities strategic a country.
Foreign policy implementation reflecting a country's strategic priorities.
Teori hubungan internasional mengkaji interaksi antarnegara dalam sistem global.
Theory relations international studies interaction between countries in system global.
International relations theory studying inter-state interactions in the global system.
Legitimasi kekuasaan negara seringkali bersumber dari persetujuan rakyat.
Legitimacy power country often sources from consent people.
The legitimacy of state power often stemming from the consent of the governed.
Negara kesejahteraan (welfare state) bertujuan untuk menjamin standar hidup minimum bagi warganya.
Country welfare aims to guarantee standard life minimum for its citizens.
'Negara kesejahteraan' (welfare state) aiming to guarantee minimum living standards.
Sistem federal membagi kekuasaan antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah negara bagian.
System federal divides power between government central and government state parts.
A federal system dividing power between the central government and state governments.
Pembentukan uni Eropa merupakan contoh integrasi negara-negara di kawasan tersebut.
Formation union Europe is example integration countries in region that.
The formation of the European Union as an example of integration among countries in a region.
Konsep kedaulatan negara dalam hukum internasional terus mengalami evolusi.
Concept sovereignty country in law international continuously experiences evolution.
The evolving concept of state sovereignty in international law.
Analisis komparatif sistem pemerintahan antarnegara mengungkapkan beragam model tata kelola.
Analysis comparative system government between countries reveals diverse models governance.
Comparative analysis of governmental systems across countries revealing diverse governance models.
Paradigma neorealisme dalam studi hubungan internasional menekankan anarki sistem internasional antarnegara.
Paradigm neorealism in studies relations international emphasizes anarchy system international between countries.
The neorealist paradigm in international relations studies emphasizing international anarchy among states.
Peran negara dalam ekonomi global kontemporer seringkali dibatasi oleh kekuatan transnasional.
Role country in economy global contemporary often limited by forces transnational.
The role of the state in the contemporary global economy often constrained by transnational forces.
Diskursus postkolonial mengkritisi warisan struktur kekuasaan negara-bangsa yang terbentuk pasca-kolonisasi.
Discourse postcolonial critiques legacy structure power nation-state that formed post-colonization.
Postcolonial discourse critiquing the legacy of nation-state power structures formed after colonization.
Hak intervensi kemanusiaan oleh negara lain masih menjadi isu kontroversial dalam hukum internasional.
Right intervention humanitarian by country other still becomes issue controversial in law international.
The right to humanitarian intervention by other states remaining a controversial issue in international law.
Studi tentang pluralisme negara mengeksplorasi bagaimana otoritas politik didistribusikan di antara berbagai aktor.
Study about pluralism state explores how authority political is distributed among various actors.
Studies on state pluralism exploring how political authority is distributed among various actors.
Pembentukan identitas kolektif di negara-negara multikultural menghadirkan tantangan unik bagi kohesi sosial.
Formation identity collective in countries multicultural presents challenges unique for cohesion social.
The formation of collective identity in multicultural countries presenting unique challenges for social cohesion.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Literally 'mother earth', this is a poetic and patriotic term for one's homeland, similar to 'tanah air'. It emphasizes the nurturing aspect of the land.
Kami berjanji setia pada bumi pertiwi.
— Superpower country. Refers to a country with immense global political, economic, and military influence.
Amerika Serikat sering disebut sebagai negara adidaya.
— Uncle Sam's country. A colloquial and affectionate way to refer to the United States of America.
Dia bermimpi bekerja di Negeri Paman Sam.
— Neighboring country. Refers to countries that share a border or are geographically close.
Kami sering berinteraksi dengan negara tetangga.
— Developed country. A country with a high level of economic development, industrialization, and standard of living.
Banyak negara maju memiliki sistem kesehatan yang baik.
— Developing country. A country with a lower level of economic development, industrialization, and standard of living compared to developed countries.
Bantuan internasional sering ditujukan untuk negara berkembang.
— Archipelagic country. A country composed of islands.
Filipina juga merupakan negara kepulauan.
— Unitary state. A state governed as a single entity, where all power resides in the central government.
Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan.
— Federal state. A political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central federal government.
Kanada adalah contoh negara federal.
— Democratic country. A country where supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodic free elections.
Banyak negara di dunia kini menganut sistem demokrasi.
慣用句と表現
— Literally 'small but spicy chili pepper'. Used to describe something or someone small but surprisingly powerful, effective, or influential. Can be applied to a small country that has a significant impact.
Meskipun negaranya kecil, pengaruhnya di kancah internasional sangat besar, benar-benar seperti kecil-kecil cabe rawit.
— Literally 'stepping stone'. Refers to something or someone used as a temporary means to achieve a higher goal or position. Could be used metaphorically for a country serving as a strategic point.
Negara kecil itu menjadi batu loncatan bagi perdagangan global di wilayah tersebut.
— Literally 'eat salt'. Means to have a lot of experience, to be seasoned or wise due to age and experience. Can imply a country that has gone through many challenges.
Sebagai negara yang telah lama merdeka, Indonesia sudah banyak makan garam dalam urusan diplomasi.
— Literally 'quiet from noise'. Refers to a place or situation that is peaceful and calm, away from the hustle and bustle. Could describe a small, peaceful country.
Dia memilih pensiun di sebuah negara kecil yang sepi ingar-bingar.
— Literally 'black goat'. Refers to someone or something that is blamed for the faults or mistakes of others. Could be used in discussions about international blame games between countries.
Dalam negosiasi itu, negara kecil tersebut dijadikan kambing hitam atas kegagalan kesepakatan.
— Literally 'like earth and sky'. Used to describe something that is completely different, contrasting starkly. Can be used to compare two countries with vastly different characteristics.
Sistem politik di negara itu bagaikan bumi dan langit dibandingkan dengan negara kita.
— Literally 'the stake is bigger than the pole'. Refers to spending more than one earns, leading to financial ruin. Can describe a country with a weak economy overspending.
Jika negara terus berutang tanpa pemasukan yang cukup, itu sama saja besar pasak daripada tiang.
— Literally 'milk repaid with poison'. Means to repay kindness with evil or harm. Could describe a situation where a country is treated badly after offering help.
Setelah negara itu membantu, malah diserang, sungguh air susu dibalas air tuba.
— Literally 'to turn the wheels of time'. Refers to making significant changes or bringing about a new era. Could describe a country that pioneers major global shifts.
Negara itu berhasil memutar roda zaman dengan inovasi teknologinya.
— Literally 'slamming the bone'. Means to work very hard, to toil. Could describe the effort of a nation to develop itself.
Seluruh rakyat bekerja banting tulang demi kemajuan negara.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a large, grand 'gate' (sounds like 'ne-ga-ra') leading into a vast territory. This gate signifies entry into a country, a national boundary. So, 'ne-ga-ra' is the gate to a country.
視覚的連想
Picture a globe with many different flags representing various countries. Point to one of these flags and say 'negara'. Or, visualize a map with borders clearly drawn around each country, and label each one 'negara'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe your own country or a country you know well using the word 'negara' and related terms like 'ibu kota negara' (capital city) or 'warga negara' (citizen). For instance, 'Negara saya adalah [nama negara]. Ibu kota negara ini adalah [nama kota]. Saya adalah warga negara [nama negara].'
語源
The word 'negara' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'nagara', which means 'city', 'town', or 'settlement'. Over time, especially through its adoption into Malay and subsequently Indonesian, its meaning evolved to encompass the broader concept of a state or country.
元の意味： City, town, settlement.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit) -> Malay -> Indonesian文化的な背景
When discussing 'negara', be mindful of political sensitivities. Avoid making generalizations or potentially offensive statements about any specific country or its government. Respect for national sovereignty and diversity is paramount.
In English-speaking cultures, 'country' often refers to the physical landmass and its people, but the political aspect is also strong. The term 'state' is more formal and often used in political science. 'Nation' can refer to a group of people with shared identity, sometimes transcending political borders.
Summary
The word 'negara' is fundamental in Indonesian, meaning 'country'. It encompasses the political entity, government, and territory of a nation, and is crucial for discussions about geography, politics, and citizenship.
- Negara is the Indonesian word for country.
- It refers to a nation with its own government and territory.
- Used in contexts of geography, politics, and citizenship.
- Remember 'warga negara' means citizen.
