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A1 noun 10分で読める

sogno

例文 sogno 30秒で
解説 sogno in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'sogno' is a basic noun used to describe the simple act of dreaming at night or having a big wish. Students learn it alongside common verbs like 'fare' (to make/do) and 'avere' (to have). It is essential for sharing personal stories about sleep or future goals in a simple way. You might say 'Ho fatto un bel sogno' (I had a good dream) or 'Il mio sogno è l'Italia' (My dream is Italy). The focus is on the literal meaning and the most common aspiration-based usage. Learners should recognize the word in simple sentences and be able to use it with basic articles like 'il' or 'un'. It's a high-frequency word that helps build a foundation for expressing personal feelings and desires.
At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'sogno' in more descriptive contexts. They might use adjectives to qualify the dream, such as 'sogno strano' (strange dream) or 'sogno ricorrente' (recurring dream). The distinction between 'fare un sogno' (nocturnal) and 'avere un sogno' (ambition) becomes clearer. Students also encounter the phrase 'da sogno' to describe something wonderful, like 'una vacanza da sogno'. They start to understand basic idiomatic expressions like 'Sogni d'oro' (Sweet dreams). The grammar focus shifts to using 'sogno' with prepositions like 'di' followed by an infinitive, for example, 'Sogno di comprare una casa'. This allows for more complex sentence structures and personal expression.
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At the B1 level, the use of 'sogno' expands into the realm of emotions and abstract ideas. Learners can discuss their 'sogno nel cassetto' (secret ambition) and explain why it is important to them. They understand the difference between 'sogno' and 'realtà' and can participate in discussions about hopes and disappointments. The reflexive verb 'avverarsi' (to come true) is introduced as the standard partner for 'sogno'. Students can also use the word in the context of 'sognare ad occhi aperti' (daydreaming). They are expected to follow more complex narratives in books or films where dreams might play a symbolic role. Vocabulary related to dreaming, such as 'incubo' (nightmare) or 'desiderio' (wish), is also mastered at this stage.
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At the B2 level, 'sogno' is used with greater nuance and in more sophisticated registers. Students can analyze the role of dreams in literature or psychology using terms like 'onirico' (oneiric/dream-like). They understand more complex idioms like 'neanche per sogno' (no way) and can use them naturally in conversation. The word is used to discuss social or political 'sogni' (visions for the future) and the 'sogno americano' (American dream) or similar concepts. Learners can express hypothetical situations using 'sogno' in the conditional or subjunctive moods, such as 'Se il mio sogno si avverasse...'. They are also able to distinguish between 'sogno' and more technical terms like 'visione' or 'allucinazione' in appropriate contexts.
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At the C1 level, 'sogno' is handled with native-like precision. The student can appreciate the poetic and metaphorical uses of the word in classical Italian literature, from Dante to Leopardi. They can discuss the 'dimensione onirica' (dream dimension) of art and cinema with ease. Complex idiomatic expressions like 'vendere sogni' (to sell false hopes) or 'vivere in un sogno' (to be out of touch with reality) are used with correct stylistic flair. The learner can articulate the philosophical implications of dreams and their relation to the subconscious. They can also use 'sogno' in professional contexts, such as describing a company's vision or the creative 'sogno' behind an architectural project, using a wide range of sophisticated synonyms and related terms.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'sogno' is absolute. The speaker can use the word to convey subtle ironies, profound philosophical truths, or intense emotional states. They can navigate the most complex literary texts where the 'sogno' might be a central, multifaceted metaphor. They are familiar with rare or archaic variations and can use the word across all registers, from the most informal slang to the highest academic discourse. The speaker can lead deep discussions on the nature of reality versus the dream state, citing cultural and historical references with ease. They understand the linguistic evolution of the word and its place within the broader Indo-European context, using it as a tool for eloquent and powerful communication.
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例文

sogno 30秒で

  • Sogno primarily means 'dream', referring to both nocturnal mental experiences and long-term personal aspirations or goals.
  • It is a masculine noun (il sogno, i sogni) and is often used with the verb 'fare' for sleep and 'avere' for goals.
  • Commonly found in idioms like 'sogno nel cassetto' (secret ambition) and 'da sogno' (wonderful/perfect).
  • It is a central concept in Italian culture, frequently appearing in music, film, and literature to express romanticism and idealism.

The Italian word sogno is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to "dream" in English. At its most basic level, it refers to the sequence of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. However, its usage extends far beyond the bedroom. Like in English, sogno is frequently employed to describe one's aspirations, deep-seated desires, or a vision of a future that one hopes to achieve. It carries a sense of wonder, potential, and sometimes, the unattainable. Whether you are discussing a strange night at the subconscious level or your ultimate career goal, sogno is the indispensable term to use.

Nocturnal Experience
The biological and psychological phenomenon of dreaming while asleep. Italians use the verb fare (to make/do) to say they 'had' a dream: Ho fatto un sogno strano (I had a strange dream).

Stanotte ho fatto un sogno bellissimo ambientato a Venezia.

Ambition and Aspiration
A cherished hope or ambition. In this context, it often appears in the phrase sogno nel cassetto, which literally means 'dream in the drawer', referring to a secret or long-held ambition.

Culturally, Italians place a high value on the concept of the sogno. From the Renaissance masters who dreamed of perfect proportions to modern designers dreaming of the next Ferrari, the word evokes a sense of creative passion. It is also used as an adjective-like noun to describe something exceptionally beautiful or perfect, as in una casa da sogno (a dream house) or un uomo da sogno (a dream man). In these instances, the word elevates the object to a level of perfection that seems almost unreal.

Vivere in Toscana è il mio sogno più grande.

Idealized Reality
Used to describe a situation that is so perfect it feels like a dream. Sembra un sogno! (It feels like a dream!) is a common exclamation of joy or surprise.

Furthermore, sogno can be used in more abstract or philosophical discussions. It contrasts with realtà (reality), often serving as the catalyst for change or the refuge of the romantic soul. In literature and cinema, the boundary between sogno and veglia (wakefulness) is a recurring theme, exploring the depths of the human psyche. Understanding this word is key to grasping the Italian penchant for lyricism and their appreciation for the beauty that exists beyond the tangible world.

Non svegliarmi, questo sogno è troppo bello.

Ho un sogno nel cassetto: aprire un ristorante.

Quella vacanza è stata un vero sogno.

Using sogno effectively requires understanding its grammatical behavior and the common verbs that accompany it. As a masculine noun, it takes the articles il (singular) and i (plural), or un (indefinite singular) and dei (indefinite plural). The most crucial distinction to master is the choice of verb when describing the act of dreaming versus the possession of an ambition.

The Verb 'Fare'
When talking about the experience during sleep, use fare un sogno. Example: Ho fatto un sogno strano ieri notte (I had a strange dream last night). Using avere un sogno in this context is a common anglicism and sounds unnatural to native ears.

Ogni volta che mangio pesante, faccio un sogno agitato.

The Verb 'Avere'
Use avere un sogno when referring to a goal or a wish. Example: Ho il sogno di diventare un medico (I have the dream of becoming a doctor). Here, it denotes possession of an idea or a plan.

Adjectives typically follow the noun. Common descriptors include bellissimo (very beautiful), brutto (bad/ugly - though incubo is the specific word for nightmare), ricorrente (recurring), or lucido (lucid). If you want to describe something as being 'like a dream', use the prepositional phrase da sogno. For example, un matrimonio da sogno (a dream wedding).

Abbiamo comprato una macchina da sogno.

Prepositional Usage
'In sogno': to see or experience something in a dream state. Example: L'ho visto in sogno (I saw him in a dream). 'Di sogno': rare, usually replaced by 'da sogno' for descriptions.

In more complex sentences, sogno can act as the subject or the object. As a subject: Il mio sogno si è avverato (My dream came true). As an object: Non abbandonare mai il tuo sogno (Never give up on your dream). Notice the use of the reflexive verb avverarsi (to come true/to be realized) which is the standard partner for sogno in this context.

Il sogno di ogni atleta è vincere l'oro olimpico.

In quel sogno, potevo volare sopra le nuvole.

Smetti di vivere nel sogno e affronta la realtà.

The word sogno is omnipresent in Italian culture, echoing through its music, cinema, and daily conversations. It's a word that carries significant emotional weight, often used to express the highest form of appreciation or the deepest of personal revelations. Whether you're listening to a classic Italian opera or a modern pop hit, you're bound to encounter it.

In Music and Songwriting
Italian lyrics are famous for their romanticism, and sogno is a staple. Think of the world-famous song 'Volare' (Nel blu dipinto di blu) by Domenico Modugno, where he sings about a dream that won't return: un sogno così non ritorni mai più.

'Sogno' è anche il titolo di una celebre canzone di Andrea Bocelli.

In Daily Social Interactions
At the breakfast table or a coffee bar, it's common to hear people recount their night: Non sai che sogno assurdo ho fatto! (You won't believe what a crazy dream I had!). It serves as a great conversation starter.

In the realm of cinema, the concept of the dream is central to many Italian masterpieces. Federico Fellini, one of Italy's greatest directors, often blended reality and sogno in films like '8½'. For Fellini, the dream was a gateway to the truth of the human condition. In modern media, TV commercials often use the word to sell products, from 'cucine da sogno' (dream kitchens) to 'viaggi da sogno' (dream trips), tapping into the aspirational quality of the word.

Il cinema di Fellini è un continuo dialogo tra realtà e sogno.

In Professional Contexts
While less common in dry technical reports, in creative industries like fashion and design, sogno is used to describe the vision behind a collection. A designer might say, Questo progetto nasce da un sogno di libertà (This project is born from a dream of freedom).

Finally, the word is deeply embedded in the Italian language's idioms. Phrases like vendere sogni (to sell dreams) are used critically to describe politicians or salespeople who make empty promises. Conversely, inseguire un sogno (to chase a dream) is seen as a noble and vital part of life. By paying attention to these contexts, you'll see that sogno is not just a vocabulary word, but a cultural pillar.

Non smettere mai di inseguire il tuo sogno.

Quella modella è un sogno di bellezza.

'Neanche per sogno!' rispose lui con decisione.

Even though sogno seems straightforward, English speakers often stumble over its specific Italian nuances. The most frequent errors involve verb choice, prepositional usage, and confusion with similar-sounding words. Recognizing these pitfalls early will help you sound much more like a native speaker.

Mistaking 'Avere' for 'Fare'
As mentioned, use fare un sogno for the act of dreaming during sleep. Saying ho avuto un sogno sounds like you're translating 'I had a dream' word-for-word from English, which is incorrect in this context.

Errato: Ho avuto un sogno su di te.
Corretto: Ho fatto un sogno su di te.

Confusion with 'Bisogno'
Beginners often confuse sogno (dream) with bisogno (need). They sound similar but have completely different meanings. Ho un sogno means 'I have a dream', while Ho bisogno means 'I need'.

Another common error is the misuse of prepositions when describing a 'dream house' or 'dream car'. English speakers might try to say una sogno casa or una casa di sogno. The correct idiomatic way to express this is always using the preposition da: una casa da sogno. This da indicates the purpose or the quality of the object as being worthy of a dream.

Non dire 'una vacanza di sogno', ma 'una vacanza da sogno'.

Pluralization Errors
Remember that the plural of sogno is sogni. Because it ends in '-o', it follows the standard masculine pluralization rule. Avoid adding '-e' or other endings.

Finally, watch out for the phrase sognare ad occhi aperti (to daydream). English speakers often try to translate 'daydream' literally, but Italians 'dream with open eyes'. If you use the noun form, it's un sogno ad occhi aperti. Using the English-style 'giorno sogno' would be completely incomprehensible.

Stavo facendo un sogno ad occhi aperti sulla mia prossima vacanza.

È un sogno che si realizza, non 'diventa vero'.

Ricorda: 'Sogni d'oro', non 'Sogni dolci'.

While sogno is the most common word for dream, Italian offers several alternatives depending on the specific shade of meaning you wish to convey. Whether you are talking about a terrifying nightmare, a fleeting wish, or a grand vision, choosing the right word will enrich your vocabulary and make your Italian more precise.

Incubo vs. Sogno
While a sogno can be good or bad, an incubo is specifically a nightmare. Use incubo for terrifying or distressing dreams. Example: Ho avuto un incubo terribile.

La sua vita è diventata un incubo dopo l'incidente.

Desiderio vs. Sogno
A desiderio is a wish or a desire. While a sogno is often grand and perhaps distant, a desiderio can be more immediate and concrete. Example: Esprimere un desiderio (To make a wish).

For more formal or literary contexts, you might encounter visione (vision) or utopia (utopia). A visione often implies a prophetic or highly creative insight, whereas utopia refers to an idealistic but often impossible dream for society. Another interesting word is chimera, which refers to an illusion or a dream that is impossible to achieve, often used with a slightly cynical tone.

Quella pace duratura si rivelò solo una chimera.

Speranza vs. Sogno
Speranza means 'hope'. While you might dream of something, you 'hope' it happens. Sogno is the image of the goal; speranza is the feeling that it might come true.

In summary, while sogno is your go-to word, don't be afraid to use incubo for the bad stuff, desiderio for your wishes, and utopia for those big, world-changing ideas. Understanding these nuances will allow you to describe your inner world with much greater clarity and sophistication in Italian.

L'uguaglianza totale rimane un'utopia.

Il mio unico desiderio è vederti felice.

Ho la speranza che i nostri sogni si avverino.

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レベル別の例文

1

Il mio sogno è viaggiare.

My dream is to travel.

Simple subject-verb-complement structure.

2

Ho fatto un bel sogno.

I had a good dream.

Uses 'fare' for nocturnal dreams.

3

Un sogno di pace.

A dream of peace.

Noun + preposition + noun.

4

Questo è un sogno.

This is a dream.

Demonstrative pronoun + verb + noun.

5

Sogni d'oro, mamma!

Sweet dreams, mom!

Common plural greeting.

6

Lui ha un grande sogno.

He has a big dream.

Uses 'avere' for ambition.

7

Non è un sogno.

It is not a dream.

Negative construction.

8

Il sogno finisce qui.

The dream ends here.

Subject + verb + adverb.

1

Abbiamo fatto un sogno strano.

We had a strange dream.

Past tense with 'fare'.

2

È una casa da sogno.

It's a dream house.

Idiomatic use of 'da sogno'.

3

Sogno di andare in Italia.

I dream of going to Italy.

Verb 'sognare' + preposition 'di'.

4

I suoi sogni sono importanti.

His dreams are important.

Plural agreement.

5

Ho un sogno nel cassetto.

I have a secret dream.

Common idiom for secret ambition.

6

Sembra un sogno ad occhi aperti.

It feels like a daydream.

Idiom for daydreaming.

7

Non ricordo il mio sogno.

I don't remember my dream.

Negative verb + object.

8

Voglio realizzare il mio sogno.

I want to realize my dream.

Infinitive verb 'realizzare' with object.

1

Il mio sogno si è finalmente avverato.

My dream has finally come true.

Reflexive verb 'avverarsi'.

2

Non abbandonare mai i tuoi sogni.

Never give up on your dreams.

Imperative negative.

3

Era un sogno ricorrente che facevo da bambino.

It was a recurring dream I had as a child.

Relative clause 'che facevo'.

4

Vivere qui è un sogno che diventa realtà.

Living here is a dream come true.

Noun phrase + relative clause.

5

Neanche per sogno ti presto la macchina!

No way am I lending you the car!

Idiom for strong refusal.

6

Ho visto mio nonno in sogno.

I saw my grandfather in a dream.

Prepositional phrase 'in sogno'.

7

Quel viaggio è stato un sogno ad occhi aperti.

That trip was a daydream.

Noun phrase as complement.

8

Sogno un mondo senza guerre.

I dream of a world without wars.

Direct object with 'sognare'.

1

La linea tra sogno e realtà è sottile.

The line between dream and reality is thin.

Abstract comparison.

2

Il film esplora la dimensione onirica del protagonista.

The film explores the protagonist's dream dimension.

Use of the adjective 'onirico'.

3

Non vendere sogni a chi non può permetterseli.

Don't sell dreams to those who can't afford them.

Idiom 'vendere sogni'.

4

È rimasto intrappolato in un sogno lucido.

He remained trapped in a lucid dream.

Technical adjective 'lucido'.

5

Tutto ciò che vediamo è solo un sogno in un sogno?

Is all that we see but a dream within a dream?

Philosophical question.

6

Sogno che un giorno tutti siano uguali.

I dream that one day everyone will be equal.

Subjunctive mood after 'sogno che'.

7

La sua carriera è stata un sogno infranto.

His career was a broken dream.

Metaphorical use of 'infranto'.

8

Inseguire un sogno richiede coraggio e sacrificio.

Chasing a dream requires courage and sacrifice.

Gerund-like use of infinitive as subject.

1

L'opera di Fellini è intrisa di sogni e visioni.

Fellini's work is imbued with dreams and visions.

Passive construction with 'intriso di'.

2

Si crogiolava nel sogno di una gloria passata.

He basked in the dream of a past glory.

Reflexive verb 'crogiolarsi'.

3

Il progetto architettonico incarna il sogno di una città sostenibile.

The architectural project embodies the dream of a sustainable city.

Abstract verb 'incarnare'.

4

La letteratura barocca spesso gioca sul contrasto tra vita e sogno.

Baroque literature often plays on the contrast between life and dream.

Thematic analysis.

5

Non è che un vano sogno della mente.

It is but a vain dream of the mind.

Restrictive construction 'non è che'.

6

Sogni e incubi si intrecciano in questa narrazione.

Dreams and nightmares intertwine in this narrative.

Reflexive verb 'intrecciarsi'.

7

Il suo discorso ha risvegliato sogni sopiti da tempo.

His speech awakened long-dormant dreams.

Sophisticated adjective 'sopito'.

8

La ricerca della verità è il sogno eterno dell'umanità.

The search for truth is humanity's eternal dream.

Philosophical statement.

1

Siamo fatti della stessa sostanza dei sogni.

We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

Famous Shakespearean quote in Italian.

2

L'illusione onirica svanisce al primo raggio di sole.

The oneiric illusion vanishes at the first ray of sun.

Highly formal vocabulary.

3

Il sogno leopardiano è venato di una profonda malinconia.

Leopardi's dream is tinged with a deep melancholy.

Literary reference and complex adjective.

4

Si è perso nel labirinto dei propri sogni infranti.

He lost himself in the labyrinth of his own broken dreams.

Metaphorical complexity.

5

Il confine tra veglia e sogno si fa sempre più labile.

The boundary between wakefulness and dream becomes increasingly blurred.

Use of 'labile' and 'veglia'.

6

Ogni creazione artistica è, in fondo, un sogno oggettivato.

Every artistic creation is, fundamentally, an objectified dream.

Philosophical/aesthetic terminology.

7

Egli vagheggiava sogni di impero e di dominio.

He cherished dreams of empire and dominion.

Archaic/literary verb 'vagheggiare'.

8

La vita è sogno, diceva Calderón de la Barca.

Life is a dream, as Calderón de la Barca said.

Intertextual reference.

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