命令する 30秒で
- 命令する means to order or command.
- Used by those in authority.
- Implies expectation of obedience.
- Formal and strong tone.
- Core Meaning
- The verb 命令する (meirei suru) fundamentally means to give an order, to command, or to issue a directive. It implies a clear instruction from a superior to a subordinate, or from someone in a position of authority to someone expected to comply.
- Contexts of Use
- This word is often used in situations involving hierarchy and authority. Think of military commanders giving orders to their soldiers, a boss instructing an employee, or even a parent telling a child to do something specific. It can also appear in more formal or official contexts, such as legal or administrative settings where instructions are issued. While it can be used for everyday commands, it carries a more formal or serious tone than simply asking someone to do something.
- Nuance and Tone
- The act of 命令する suggests that the speaker has the authority to issue the command and expects it to be followed without question. It's not a suggestion or a request, but a directive. The formality of the word makes it less common in casual, friendly conversations unless there's a specific context of authority or a playful imitation of authority. In many cases, softer expressions like 「～てください」 (please do ~) or 「～するように言いました」 (I told them to do ~) are preferred for everyday interactions to avoid sounding too demanding or authoritarian.
- Examples in Action
指揮官は兵士たちに前進するよう命令した。
親は子供に宿題を終えるように命令した。
- Basic Structure
- The verb 命令する is typically used in the following structures: [Subject] は [Object] に [Verb in plain form] ように 命令する (Subject orders Object to do Verb) or simply [Subject] は [Object] に 命令する (Subject orders Object). The subject is the one giving the order, and the object is the one receiving it.
- Adding the Target of the Order
- When you want to specify who is being ordered, you use the particle に (ni) after the person or group receiving the order. For example, 部長は部下に会議を準備するように命令しました (The department manager ordered the subordinate to prepare for the meeting). Here, 部下 (subordinate) is the recipient of the order.
- Ordering an Action
- To specify what action is being ordered, you typically use the plain form of a verb followed by ように (youni) or just the plain form of the verb itself, especially in more direct commands. For instance, 先生は生徒に静かにするように命令した (The teacher ordered the students to be quiet). The verb 静かにする (to be quiet) is in its plain form.
- Past Tense and Other Conjugations
- Like most Japanese verbs, 命令する can be conjugated into different tenses and forms. The past tense is 命令した (meirei shita), used for orders that have already been given. The polite form is 命令します (meirei shimasu) and the past polite form is 命令しました (meirei shimashita). The potential form, meaning 'can order', would be 命令できる (meirei dekiru).
- Formal vs. Informal Usage
司令官は兵士に、敵陣に突撃するよう命令した。
社長は秘書に、明日の会議の資料を準備するように命令した。
- Military and Police Contexts
- The most common place to hear 命令する is in contexts where strict hierarchy and obedience are paramount, such as the military, police forces, or other disciplined organizations. You'll hear it in training scenarios, during operations, or in official reports describing commands given.
- Historical Dramas and Fiction
- In Japanese historical dramas (時代劇 - jidaigeki), particularly those set during feudal times or wars, you'll frequently encounter 命令する used by lords, generals, or samurai to their subordinates. It's also common in fictional works like manga, anime, and novels that involve power dynamics, such as stories about superheroes, villains, or political thrillers.
- Business and Management (Formal)
- While less frequent in everyday office chat, 命令する can be heard in formal business settings, especially when a high-ranking executive is issuing a critical directive or when describing formal procedures. It might appear in official company announcements, internal memos, or during discussions about corporate strategy where clear, authoritative instructions are given.
- Parental Authority (Serious)
- Occasionally, you might hear parents use 命令する with their children, but this usually signifies a very serious or stern command, often when the child has been particularly disobedient or the situation demands immediate, unquestioning compliance. It's not a casual parental request.
- Legal and Official Documents
裁判官は、証拠を提出するよう命令した。
歴史の授業で、将軍が兵士に撤退を命令する場面を学んだ。
- Overuse in Casual Settings
- A very common mistake for learners is to use 命令する in everyday conversations where a softer request or suggestion would be more appropriate. Using it to ask a friend to pass the salt, for example, would sound extremely rude and demanding. This verb carries a strong sense of authority.
- Confusing with Polite Requests
- Learners might mistakenly think that adding polite endings like ～ます (masu) makes 命令する acceptable in all situations. While 命令します is grammatically correct and polite in form, the core meaning of 'to order' remains. It's polite in its structure but not necessarily polite in its intention or effect in a casual context.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- Sometimes learners might struggle with the particles used with 命令する. While に (ni) is common for the recipient of the order, other particles might be misused. It's important to remember the structure: [Giver] は [Receiver] に [Action] ように 命令する.
- Using for Non-Commands
- Another mistake is using 命令する for actions that aren't strictly commands. For instance, if a teacher is explaining a concept, they aren't 'ordering' the students to understand; they are teaching. In such cases, verbs like 教える (oshieru - to teach) or 説明する (setsumei suru - to explain) are appropriate.
- Ignoring Context
Incorrect: 友達に、この本を読んでと命令した。
Correct: 友達に、この本を読んでと頼んだ。（or 「この本を読んでくれる？」）
- 指示する (shiji suru)
- 指示する means to instruct or direct. It's similar to 命令する but generally less forceful and can be used in more professional or educational contexts without necessarily implying strict obedience. A manager might give a 指示 (instruction), whereas a general gives a 命令 (order).
- 依頼する (irai suru)
- 依頼する means to request or ask for something. This is a much softer and more polite alternative to 命令する, suitable for asking favors or making requests in both personal and professional settings. It implies willingness on the part of the receiver.
- 言う (iu)
- 言う simply means to say or tell. While one can say an order, the verb itself doesn't carry the specific meaning of commanding. You might say 「命令を言った」 (I said the order), but the act of commanding is 命令する.
- 命じる (meijiru)
- 命じる is a more formal and literary synonym for 命令する. It carries the same meaning of ordering or commanding but is often found in more formal writing, historical contexts, or legal documents. It's less commonly used in everyday spoken Japanese compared to 命令する.
- 頼む (tanomu)
- 頼む means to ask or request, often implying a bit more expectation of compliance than 依頼する, but still far less forceful than 命令する. It's very common for everyday requests. For example, 「水を一杯頼む」 (Please give me a glass of water).
- Comparison Table
Verb Meaning Forcefulness Common Usage 命令する (meirei suru) To order, command High Military, formal authority, strict discipline 指示する (shiji suru) To instruct, direct Medium Professional, educational, managerial 依頼する (irai suru) To request Low General requests, favors 頼む (tanomu) To ask, request (with expectation) Low-Medium Everyday requests, asking for help 命じる (meijiru) To order, command (formal) High Formal writing, legal, historical
上司は部下に、このレポートを今日中に完成させ指示した。
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The kanji 令 (rei) can also mean 'clear' or 'fine' (weather), which is an interesting semantic divergence from its primary meaning of 'order' or 'law.' This might stem from ancient interpretations where clear pronouncements were associated with good governance or favorable conditions.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'su' in 'suru' too strongly.
- Not clearly distinguishing the two syllables in 'meirei'.
- Using an overly casual or soft pronunciation for a word that implies authority.
難易度
The word itself is straightforward, but understanding the contexts where it's appropriate and the nuances of its formality requires B2 level comprehension. Recognizing its authoritative tone in written materials is key.
Learners at B2 can use it correctly in formal writing, but must be careful not to overuse it in less formal contexts. Proper conjugation and particle usage are important.
Speaking requires the most caution. Using 命令する in spoken Japanese can easily sound rude if not used in a clearly authoritative or formal setting. Learners might hesitate to use it due to fear of miscommunication.
Recognizing the word when spoken is generally manageable at B2, but understanding the social implications and the speaker's intent requires good contextual awareness.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
The ～ように (youni) + Verb pattern for indirect commands.
先生は生徒に、宿題を提出するように命令した。(The teacher ordered the students to submit their homework.)
Direct imperative forms (e.g., ～しろ, ～せよ). While 命令する is the verb, the actual command might be expressed using these forms.
司令官は兵士に「前進しろ！」と命令した。(The commander ordered the soldiers, 'Advance!')
Passive voice: 命令される (meirei sareru - to be ordered).
私は上司に、この件を調査するよう命令された。(I was ordered by my boss to investigate this matter.)
The use of particles に (ni) for the recipient of the order.
彼は部下に命令した。(He ordered his subordinate.)
Distinguishing between 命令する (to order) and 指示する (to instruct) based on context and forcefulness.
命令する implies a higher degree of authority and expectation of obedience than 指示する.
レベル別の例文
座れ。
Sit.
Imperative form.
来い。
Come.
Imperative form.
食べろ。
Eat.
Imperative form.
見ろ。
Look.
Imperative form.
行け。
Go.
Imperative form.
止まれ。
Stop.
Imperative form.
聞け。
Listen.
Imperative form.
手！
Hand!
Simple command.
先生は生徒に、静かにするように言いました。
The teacher told the students to be quiet.
Using 言いました (said) for indirect command.
お母さんは子供に、早く宿題をしなさいと言いました。
Mom told the child to do their homework quickly.
Using 言いました (said) for indirect command.
警察官は私に、車を止めろと言いました。
The police officer told me to stop the car.
Using 言いました (said) for indirect command.
監督は選手に、もっと練習するように言った。
The coach told the players to practice more.
Using 言った (said) for indirect command.
親は息子に、部屋を片付けなさいと命令した。
The parent ordered the son to clean his room.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a more direct, though still somewhat simplified context.
王様は兵士に、扉を開けろと命令した。
The king ordered the soldier to open the door.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a clear authority context.
父は私に、すぐに戻ってこいと命令した。
My father ordered me to come back immediately.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a strong parental command.
先生は生徒に、宿題を提出するように言った。
The teacher told the students to submit their homework.
Using 言った (said) for indirect command.
部長は部下に、明日の会議の資料を準備するように命令した。
The department manager ordered the subordinate to prepare the materials for tomorrow's meeting.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a business context with a clear hierarchy.
裁判官は被告人に、真実を話すように命令した。
The judge ordered the defendant to tell the truth.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a legal setting.
軍の司令官は兵士たちに、前進するように命令した。
The army commander ordered the soldiers to advance.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a military context.
親は子供に、ゲームを止めて勉強するように命令した。
The parent ordered the child to stop playing games and study.
Using 命令した (ordered) for a firm parental directive.
社長は秘書に、緊急の書類を処理するように命令した。
The company president ordered the secretary to handle the urgent documents.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a formal business setting.
教師は生徒に、教科書を開くように命令した。
The teacher ordered the students to open their textbooks.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a classroom setting, implying authority.
映画で、王様が国民に戦うよう命令するシーンを見た。
In the movie, I saw a scene where the king ordered the citizens to fight.
Using 命令する (to order) in a narrative context.
彼は部下に、この問題をすぐに解決するように命令した。
He ordered his subordinate to solve this problem immediately.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a management context.
上級将校は部隊に、夜明けと共に攻撃を開始するよう厳しく命令した。
The senior officer sternly ordered the unit to commence the attack at dawn.
Using 厳しく命令した (sternly ordered) to emphasize the tone.
政府は国民に対して、不要不急の外出を控えるよう命令を発した。
The government issued an order for the citizens to refrain from non-essential outings.
Using 命令を発した (issued an order) in a governmental context.
裁判長は弁護士に、証拠の開示を命令した。
The chief judge ordered the lawyer to disclose the evidence.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a formal judicial proceeding.
彼は権威ある声で、会議の参加者全員に静粛を命令した。
With an authoritative voice, he ordered all meeting participants to be silent.
Using 命令した (ordered) to describe a forceful command.
歴史書によると、その王は敵軍に降伏するよう命令したという。
According to historical records, the king is said to have ordered the enemy army to surrender.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a historical narrative.
親会社は子会社に、コスト削減策を厳格に実行するよう命令した。
The parent company ordered the subsidiary to strictly implement cost-cutting measures.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a corporate directive.
監督は選手に、試合の指示を正確に実行するよう命令した。
The coach ordered the players to execute the game instructions precisely.
Using 命令した (ordered) in a sports coaching context.
彼は部下に、このプロジェクトを最優先事項として扱うよう命令した。
He ordered his subordinate to treat this project as the top priority.
Using 命令した (ordered) to emphasize priority.
最高司令官は、あらゆる手段を講じて敵の進攻を阻止するよう、前線部隊に命令した。
The supreme commander ordered the frontline troops to block the enemy's advance by any means necessary.
Complex sentence structure, formal vocabulary.
議会は、環境保護のための厳格な規制を導入するよう政府に命令した。
The parliament ordered the government to introduce strict regulations for environmental protection.
Formal political and legal context.
彼は、長年の対立を終結させるべく、両派閥に和平交渉を開始するよう命令した。
He ordered both factions to commence peace negotiations to end the long-standing conflict.
Diplomatic and conflict resolution context.
その独裁者は、反対意見を一切許さないと宣言し、国民に沈黙を命令した。
The dictator declared that no dissent would be tolerated and ordered the citizens to remain silent.
Authoritarian regime context.
考古学者は、発掘現場の安全を最優先するようチームに命令した。
The archaeologist ordered the team to prioritize the safety of the excavation site above all else.
Professional scientific context with emphasis on safety.
改革派の指導者は、古い慣習を廃止し、新しいシステムを導入するよう支持者に命令した。
The reformist leader ordered his supporters to abolish old customs and implement a new system.
Social or political reform context.
裁判長は、証拠隠滅の恐れがあるため、被告人の海外渡航を禁止するよう命令した。
The presiding judge ordered the prohibition of the defendant's overseas travel due to the risk of evidence tampering.
Legal context involving court orders.
彼は、企業秘密の漏洩を防ぐため、全従業員に情報管理の徹底を命令した。
He ordered all employees to thoroughly manage information to prevent the leakage of trade secrets.
Corporate security and information control context.
その権威ある学者は、学生たちに既存の理論に疑問を呈し、自らの研究を深めるよう、ある種の知的命令を下した。
The esteemed scholar issued a kind of intellectual command, urging his students to question existing theories and deepen their own research.
Figurative use of 'command' in an intellectual context.
歴史的文書によれば、その君主は、反乱を鎮圧するために、容赦なく処罰するよう軍に命令したと記されている。
According to historical documents, it is recorded that the monarch ordered the army to punish mercilessly to quell the rebellion.
Formal historical discourse, nuanced phrasing.
彼は、組織の再建という困難な任務を遂行するため、幹部たちに絶対的な服従を命令した。
He commanded absolute obedience from his executives to carry out the difficult task of rebuilding the organization.
High-stakes organizational leadership context.
その芸術家は、自身の創造プロセスにおいて、感情の奔流を抑制し、形にすることを自身に命令した。
The artist commanded himself to suppress the torrent of emotions and give them form in his creative process.
Self-command, metaphorical use.
法廷では、陪審員に対して、証拠のみに基づき、偏見なく評決を下すよう厳粛に命令が下された。
In the courtroom, a solemn order was given to the jury to render a verdict based solely on the evidence, without prejudice.
Formal legal pronouncements.
彼は、人類の未来を守るため、科学者たちに未知の領域を解明するよう、切迫した命令を発した。
He issued an urgent command to scientists to unravel unknown territories in order to protect humanity's future.
High-stakes scientific endeavor.
その劇作家は、登場人物に、自身の運命に抗うよう、強烈な命令を書き込んだ。
The playwright inscribed an intense command for the characters to defy their fate.
Literary creation, character motivation.
彼は、自己鍛錬の精神を説き、日々の鍛錬を怠らぬよう、自身に命令し続けた。
He preached the spirit of self-discipline and continued to command himself not to neglect daily training.
Internal discipline, self-command.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— It's an order!
これは命令だ！すぐに動け！ (This is an order! Move immediately!)
— Obey the order.
迷うな、命令に従え。 (Don't hesitate, obey the order.)
— It will be an order violation.
その行動は命令違反になるので、やめなさい。 (That action will be an order violation, so stop.)
— To speak in a commanding tone.
彼はいつも命令口調で話す。 (He always speaks in a commanding tone.)
— To ignore an order.
命令を無視することは許されない。 (Ignoring an order is not permitted.)
— To issue an order.
監督は選手たちに、試合の戦略について命令を出した。 (The coach issued orders to the players regarding the game strategy.)
— Was ordered.
私は彼に、この書類をすぐに届けるよう命令された。 (I was ordered by him to deliver this document immediately.)
— Not in a position to order.
あなたには私に命令する立場にない。 (You are not in a position to order me.)
— To carry out an order.
兵士は命令を遂行するために訓練されている。 (Soldiers are trained to carry out orders.)
— To disrupt the chain of command.
部隊の士気を下げるような行動は、命令系統を乱すことになる。 (Actions that lower troop morale disrupt the chain of command.)
よく混同される語
指示する means to instruct or direct. While both involve giving guidance, 命令する is a stronger, more authoritative command that implies strict obedience is expected. 指示する is more about providing directions or information.
頼む means to ask or request. It is the opposite of a command in terms of forcefulness. 命令する is given from a position of power, while 頼む is a plea or request made to someone, implying they have the choice to accept or decline.
言う simply means 'to say.' You can say an order, but the verb itself does not carry the meaning of commanding. 命令する specifically denotes the act of issuing an order.
慣用句と表現
— A single command (often used in Chinese contexts, but sometimes understood metaphorically in Japanese discussions of strong directives).
彼の命令一下で、兵士たちは一斉に動いた。
Figurative, borrowed— Orders are absolute.
軍隊では「命令は絶対だ」という言葉が、服従の重要性を示している。
Formal, military context— If it is an order / If ordered to do so.
命令とあらば、どんな危険な任務でも引き受けます。
Formal, often in fiction or military contexts— A whip called 'order' (metaphorical, implying oppressive commands).
その監督の采配は、選手たちにとって命令という名の鞭だった。
Figurative, critical— An order that goes without saying (an obvious command).
安全確認は言わずもがなの命令だが、それでも徹底する必要がある。
Figurative, emphasizing obviousness— A tone that sounds like an order.
彼女は親切に話しているつもりでも、命令するような口調に聞こえることがある。
Descriptive, common observation— Being in a position of waiting for orders.
兵士は命令を待つ身であり、自らの判断で行動することは少ない。
Descriptive, common in military/hierarchical contexts— Insubordination; disobedience of orders.
命令不服従は、軍法会議にかけられるほどの重罪である。
Formal, legal/military term— At a single command / With one order.
彼の命令一下で、集まっていた人々は静かになった。
Formal, emphasizing immediate effect— A person who has been ordered (passive).
命令された人間は、それを遂行する義務がある。
Descriptive, focusing on the recipient間違えやすい
Both verbs involve giving guidance or instructions.
命令する implies a strong, authoritative command that demands obedience, often from a superior to a subordinate. 指示する is more about providing direction, guidance, or instructions, and it's generally less forceful. You might give an instruction for a task, but you would order someone to perform a duty.
上司は部下に、このプロジェクトの進め方を指示した。（指示する - instruct） vs. 司令官は兵士に、敵陣を攻撃するよう命令した。（命令する - order）
They have very similar meanings and share the kanji 命.
命令する is the more common and general verb for 'to order' or 'to command.' 命じる is a more formal, literary, and sometimes archaic synonym. You'll encounter 命じる more often in written texts, legal documents, or historical contexts, whereas 命令する is more prevalent in general usage, including spoken language.
彼は部下に命令した。（命令する - common） vs. 裁判長は弁護士に証拠開示を命じた。（命じる - formal/legal）
Both can be used to get someone to do something.
頼む means 'to ask' or 'to request,' and it carries a sense of politeness and assumes the other person has a choice. It's used for favors or everyday tasks. 命令する is a forceful command from a position of authority, where obedience is expected. You would ask a friend to pass the salt (頼む), but a general would order soldiers to attack (命令する).
友達に、塩を取ってと頼んだ。（頼む - asked） vs. 船長は乗組員に、船を避難させるよう命令した。（命令する - ordered）
One can 'say' an order.
言う simply means 'to say' or 'to tell.' It doesn't inherently carry the meaning of authority or command. You can 'say' an order, but the act of commanding is 命令する. For example, you might say 'I told him to do it,' but the actual command is 命令する.
彼は私に、すぐに来いと言った。（言う - said） vs. 彼は私に、すぐに来るよう命令した。（命令する - ordered）
Both are related to commands.
号令する specifically refers to issuing a military command or order, often in a loud, clear, and formal manner. It's a specialized form of 命令する used within military contexts. While 命令する can be used in various authoritative situations, 号令する is almost exclusively for military or similar disciplined group settings.
軍曹は兵士に、前進せよと号令した。（号令する - military command） vs. 彼は部下に、この問題を解決するよう命令した。（命令する - general command）
文型パターン
[Subject] は [Object] に [Verb-plain] ように 言った/命令した。
先生は生徒に、静かにするように言った。
[Subject] は [Object] に [Verb-plain] ように 命令した。
部長は部下に、レポートを完成するように命令した。
[Subject] は [Object] に [Noun Phrase] を 命令した。
司令官は兵士に、前進を命令した。
[Subject] は [Object] に [Verb-plain] ように 厳しく 命令した。
親は子供に、早く寝るように厳しく命令した。
[Subject] は [Object] に [Verb-plain] ように 命令を 発した。
政府は国民に、外出を控えるように命令を発した。
命令を待つ [Noun]
命令を待つ兵士たちは、陣地で待機していた。
[Subject] は [Object] に [Verb-plain] ように 命じた。
裁判長は弁護士に、証拠を提出するように命じた。（命じる is a more formal synonym）
命令一下、[Action]
彼の命令一下で、集まっていた人々は静かになった。
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
Moderate to Low in everyday conversation, High in specific formal contexts (military, legal, historical).
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Using 命令する for simple requests among friends.
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Using 頼む (tanomu) or ～てください (te kudasai).
命令する implies strong authority and is inappropriate for casual interactions. Saying 'Pass the salt, I order you!' would be extremely rude. Instead, you would say '塩を取ってくれない？' (Shio o totte kurenai? - Could you pass the salt?) or '塩を取って、頼むよ。' (Shio o totte, tanomu yo. - Pass the salt, please.)
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Confusing 命令する with 指示する in professional contexts.
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Using 指示する for instructions and 命令する for strict directives.
指示する is for giving guidance or directions on how to do something, common in daily work. 命令する is for issuing a command that must be followed, often with significant consequences for non-compliance, used by higher authorities.
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Using the polite form 命令します in a situation where it still sounds overly demanding.
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Choosing a softer verb or using indirect speech.
While 命令します is grammatically polite, the core meaning of 'order' remains. If the context doesn't warrant a direct order, even the polite form can sound arrogant. For example, instead of 'I order you to finish this report,' consider 'I would like you to finish this report by today' (このレポートを今日中に仕上げていただきたいのですが - Kono repōto o kyōjū ni shiagete itadakitai no desu ga).
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Incorrect particle usage with the object of the command.
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Using に (ni) for the person being ordered, and often ように (youni) with the verb of the action.
A common structure is [Subject] は [Object] に [Action Verb-plain] ように 命令する. For example, 'The teacher ordered the students to be quiet': 先生は生徒に、静かにするように命令した。(Sensei wa seito ni, shizuka ni suru youni meirei shita.)
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Using 命令する for self-talk or encouragement.
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Using phrases like 自分に言い聞かせる (jibun ni iikikaseru - to tell oneself) or 自分を励ます (jibun o hagemasu - to encourage oneself).
命令する is for commanding others. While one can 'command oneself' metaphorically, it's not the natural phrasing. For instance, instead of 'I ordered myself to study,' you'd say 'I told myself I needed to study' (勉強しなければならないと言い聞かせた - Benkyō shinakereba naranai to iikikaseta).
ヒント
Softer Options
For requests or instructions that aren't strict commands, use 指示する (instruct), 依頼する (request), or 頼む (ask). These are more common and polite in most daily interactions.
Clear Articulation
Pronounce both syllables of 'meirei' clearly and ensure the 'suru' is distinct. Avoid overly casual or soft pronunciation, as it contradicts the verb's meaning.
Particle Usage
Remember to use the particle に (ni) to indicate the recipient of the order, and often ように (youni) with a plain verb to specify the action being ordered.
Mnemonic Device
Connect 'meirei' to 'mayor' giving an 'order' to clean the city. This helps associate the sound with the meaning and context of authority.
Respect for Hierarchy
Japanese culture often emphasizes hierarchy. 命令する reflects this, but its usage must be mindful of social harmony (和 - wa). Overuse can disrupt this harmony.
Sentence Building
Practice creating sentences in various contexts (military, business, family) to solidify your understanding of when and how to use 命令する correctly.
Exploring Nuances
Learn synonyms like 命じる (meijiru) and 指示する (shiji suru) to understand the different levels of formality and forcefulness in giving directives.
Opposite Actions
Contrast 命令する with verbs like 頼む (ask) or 懇願する (beg) to fully grasp the spectrum of communication from command to plea.
Avoid Casual Misuse
The most common mistake is using 命令する in casual settings. This can lead to sounding rude. Always opt for softer phrasing unless a strict order is truly intended and appropriate.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a general saying, 'My REI-gion is the best! I ORDER you to go there!' The 'REI' sounds like 'rei' in meirei, and the 'order' directly links to the meaning. Or, think of a 'May Day' emergency signal requiring immediate orders to be followed.
視覚的連想
Picture a stern-faced military commander pointing a finger and shouting 'ME! RE! YOU!' (sounds like 'meirei') to a subordinate, emphasizing the direct command. Another image could be a king at a throne, issuing a decree (命令).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to create five sentences using 命令する in different contexts: military, parental, business, legal, and fictional. Make sure to use the correct particles and conjugations.
語源
The word 命令 (meirei) is composed of two kanji: 令 (rei) and 命 (mei). The kanji 令 originally meant 'to command' or 'to order,' and it evolved to signify 'law' or 'regulation.' The kanji 命 means 'life' but also 'command' or 'destiny.' Together, they form a strong concept of an authoritative directive.
元の意味： The combination emphasizes a command that carries significant weight, potentially related to life or death, or a decree that must be followed like a law.
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters and their meanings)文化的な背景
Using 命令する casually can be perceived as rude, arrogant, or overly authoritarian. It's important to gauge the relationship and situation before employing this verb. In most everyday interactions, softer alternatives are preferred to maintain harmony (和 - wa).
In English-speaking cultures, 'order' and 'command' are also strong words, but the social implications might differ slightly. While authority is respected, there's often a greater emphasis on democratic processes or more informal communication styles in many contexts compared to the traditionally hierarchical structures where 命令する is most common in Japan.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Military operations and training
- 前進せよ！(Zenshin seyo! - Advance!)
- 攻撃開始！(Kōgeki kaishi! - Commence attack!)
- 命令に従え！(Meirei ni shitagae! - Obey the order!)
Formal business settings (e.g., CEO to department heads)
- このプロジェクトを最優先で進めるよう命令します。(Kono purojekuto o saiyūsen de susumeru yō meirei shimasu. - I order you to proceed with this project as the top priority.)
- コスト削減策を厳格に実行せよ。(Kosuto sakugen saku o genkaku ni jikkō seyo. - Implement cost-cutting measures strictly.)
Parental authority (serious situations)
- 今すぐ部屋を片付けなさい！命令です！(Ima sugu heya o katazukenasai! Meirei desu! - Clean your room right now! It's an order!)
- 嘘をつくのはやめなさい、命令よ！(Uso o tsuku no wa yamenasai, meirei yo! - Stop lying, it's an order!)
Legal proceedings
- 証拠を提出するよう命令する。(Shōko o teishutsu suru yō meirei suru. - To order the submission of evidence.)
- 被告人に発言を禁じるよう命令する。(Hikokunin ni hatsugen o kinjiru yō meirei suru. - To order the defendant to refrain from speaking.)
Fictional narratives (e.g., historical dramas, fantasy)
- 王は兵士に、城を守るよう命令した。(Ō wa heishi ni, shiro o mamoru yō meirei shita. - The king ordered the soldiers to defend the castle.)
- 魔王は配下に、勇者を倒すよう命令した。(Maō wa haika ni, yūsha o taosu yō meirei shita. - The demon king ordered his subordinates to defeat the hero.)
会話のきっかけ
"Have you ever heard someone use 命令する in a real-life situation? What was the context?"
"When do you think it's appropriate to use 命令する, and when is it better to use a softer word like 'request'?"
"Imagine you are a military commander. What is the most important thing you would order your soldiers to do?"
"Can you think of a time when a parent had to give a very firm 'order' to a child? How did they phrase it?"
"If you were a CEO, under what circumstances would you 'order' your employees rather than 'instruct' or 'request'?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a situation where you had to give a strong command. How did you feel, and what was the outcome?
Reflect on a time you received an order. Did you obey it? Why or why not? How did the way the order was given affect your response?
Write a short dialogue between a strict teacher and a student, where the teacher uses 命令する.
Imagine a historical figure giving a significant command. Write a brief narrative about it, using 命令する.
Compare and contrast the feeling of giving an order versus asking for a favor. What are the power dynamics involved?
よくある質問
10 問命令する means to give a strong, authoritative order that expects strict obedience, typically from a superior to a subordinate. 指示する means to instruct or direct, which is generally less forceful and can be used in professional or educational settings without the same implication of unquestioning compliance. Think of a general giving an order (命令する) versus a manager giving instructions for a task (指示する).
It is generally not recommended to use 命令する in casual everyday conversations with friends or family, as it can sound very rude, demanding, or arrogant. For everyday requests, it's better to use softer expressions like ～てください (please do ~) or 頼む (tanomu - to ask/request).
Common contexts include the military, police forces, formal business directives from high-ranking officials, legal settings (e.g., a judge ordering something), and sometimes stern parental commands in serious situations. It's also frequently heard in historical dramas and fiction.
The verb itself denotes a strong command, which is inherently not polite in the way a request is. While you can use the polite form 命令します (meirei shimasu), the core meaning is still an order. Its politeness depends entirely on the context and the speaker's position of authority. In a situation where you have the authority, it's appropriate but not 'polite' in the sense of being gentle or deferential.
Alternatives depend on the nuance you want to convey: 指示する (shiji suru - to instruct) for professional guidance, 依頼する (irai suru - to request) or 頼む (tanomu - to ask) for polite requests, and 提案する (teian suru - to propose) for suggestions.
命令する is a Group 2 verb (ichidan verb). Its plain form is 命令する (meirei suru), past tense is 命令した (meirei shita), polite form is 命令します (meirei shimasu), and past polite form is 命令しました (meirei shimashita). The negative is 命令しない (meirei shinai).
The kanji are 命 (mei) and 令 (rei). 命 originally related to life but also command, and 令 means order or law. Together, they form the word for command or order.
While not common, it's possible in a very determined or self-disciplining context, akin to 'commanding oneself.' However, verbs like 自分に言い聞かせる (jibun ni iikikaseru - to tell oneself) or 自分を律する (jibun o rissuru - to discipline oneself) are more natural. If used, it would be metaphorical, like 'I commanded myself to finish this work.'
命令する is the general verb for 'to order' or 'to command.' 命じる is a more formal, literary, and sometimes archaic synonym, often found in written Japanese, legal contexts, or historical narratives. They are largely interchangeable in meaning but differ in register.
In contexts where 命令する is used (like the military or formal organizations), disobeying an order (命令違反 - meireihan) can lead to serious consequences, including punishment, disciplinary action, or even legal repercussions, depending on the severity and the context of the order.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
命令する (meirei suru) is a verb that signifies giving a direct, authoritative order. It's used by individuals or entities in positions of power, such as military leaders, police officers, or high-ranking officials, and it carries the expectation of immediate compliance. Unlike softer requests, 命令する implies a clear directive that should not be questioned. Its usage is generally formal and strong, making it inappropriate for casual conversations.
- 命令する means to order or command.
- Used by those in authority.
- Implies expectation of obedience.
- Formal and strong tone.
Context is Key
Always consider the power dynamic and formality of the situation. 命令する is strong and authoritative. Using it inappropriately can cause offense or misunderstanding.
Softer Options
For requests or instructions that aren't strict commands, use 指示する (instruct), 依頼する (request), or 頼む (ask). These are more common and polite in most daily interactions.
Clear Articulation
Pronounce both syllables of 'meirei' clearly and ensure the 'suru' is distinct. Avoid overly casual or soft pronunciation, as it contradicts the verb's meaning.
Particle Usage
Remember to use the particle に (ni) to indicate the recipient of the order, and often ように (youni) with a plain verb to specify the action being ordered.
例文
上司は部下に緊急の仕事を命令した。
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
workの関連語
調整
A1物事の過不足などを正して、つりあいのとれた状態にすること。また、日程や意見をまとめること。
有利な
B1自分にとって都合がよく、利益があるさま。
承知する
B1事情を知ること。また、願いや要求を聞き入れること。
年収
B1Annual income; yearly salary.
応募
B1公募や求人などの呼びかけに対し、自分から願い出ること。懸賞やコンテストに参加すること。
応募する
B1募集に対して、自分から願い出ること。
～と同時に
B1At the same time as, simultaneously with.
勤怠
B1勤怠（きんたい）は、従業員の出勤状況、欠勤、遅刻、早退、休暇などの記録を指します。日本の職場では、プロフェッショナルとしての責任の重要な側面です。企業はこれらの記録を労働時間の管理や給与計算に利用します。
係員
A2ある特定の業務を担当している人。駅やイベント会場などで案内や誘導を行うスタッフのこと。
ぎんこういん
A2銀行に勤務し、業務に従事する人のこと。事務や営業など様々な役割がある。
