A1 Morphology 1 min read かんたん

The Role of Stem Vowels

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Georgian verbs change their internal vowels based on the person and tense, acting as the 'heart' of the verb.

  • The stem vowel often changes when moving from 1st person to 3rd person.
  • Many verbs in Georgian are categorized by their 'thematic' or stem vowel (e.g., -a, -e, -i, -o).
  • Knowing the stem vowel helps you predict how the verb will conjugate in the Present Tense.
Root + Stem Vowel + Person Marker = Verb

Present Tense Conjugation (Root: ts'er)

Person Prefix Root Stem Vowel Ending
1st Sg
v
ts'er
e
-
2nd Sg
-
ts'er
e
-
3rd Sg
-
ts'er
e
-s
1st Pl
v
ts'er
e
-t
2nd Pl
-
ts'er
e
-t
3rd Pl
-
ts'er
e
-en

Meanings

The stem vowel is the vowel that immediately follows the root of the verb, determining its conjugation class.

1

Conjugation Class Marker

Determines which set of endings a verb uses.

“ვაკეთებ (I do)”

“ვხატავ (I draw)”

Reference Table

Reference table for The Role of Stem Vowels
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
v + root + vowel
vts'er
Negative
ar + v + root + vowel
ar vts'er
Question
v + root + vowel + ?
vts'er?
3rd Person
root + vowel + s
ts'ers
Plural
v + root + vowel + t
vts'ert
Past
da + root + vowel + a
dats'era

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
მე ვწერ წერილს.

მე ვწერ წერილს. (Writing a letter)

ニュートラル
ვწერ წერილს.

ვწერ წერილს. (Writing a letter)

カジュアル
წერილს ვწერ.

წერილს ვწერ. (Writing a letter)

スラング
ვწერ რა.

ვწერ რა. (Writing a letter)

Verb Structure Map

Verb

Prefix

  • v- I

Root

  • ts'er write

Stem Vowel

  • -e- class marker
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レベル別の例文

1

მე ვწერ წერილს.

I am writing a letter.

2

ის ხატავს სურათს.

He is drawing a picture.

3

მე ვსვამ წყალს.

I am drinking water.

4

ის აკეთებს საქმეს.

He is doing work.

1

რატომ არ წერ?

Why are you not writing?

2

ისინი ხატავენ ლამაზად.

They draw beautifully.

3

მე არ ვსვამ ყავას.

I don't drink coffee.

4

შენ აკეთებ საშინაო დავალებას?

Are you doing homework?

1

ის წერდა წერილს გუშინ.

He was writing a letter yesterday.

2

მე დავხატე ეს სურათი.

I drew this picture.

3

მან დალია წყალი.

He drank the water.

4

ჩვენ გავაკეთეთ ეს.

We did this.

1

ისინი დაწერენ წერილს ხვალ.

They will write the letter tomorrow.

2

მე დავხატავდი, დრო რომ მქონოდა.

I would draw if I had time.

3

მან დალია მთელი წყალი.

He drank all the water.

4

ჩვენ ვაკეთებთ ამას ყოველდღე.

We do this every day.

1

წერილის დაწერა მოითხოვს დროს.

Writing a letter requires time.

2

მხატვარმა დახატა შედევრი.

The artist painted a masterpiece.

3

წყლის დალევა აუცილებელია.

Drinking water is necessary.

4

საქმის კეთება არის პრიორიტეტი.

Doing the work is a priority.

1

წერის პროცესი არის შემოქმედებითი.

The process of writing is creative.

2

ხატვის ტექნიკა იცვლება.

The technique of painting changes.

3

სმის კულტურა განსხვავებულია.

The culture of drinking is different.

4

კეთების მეთოდი არის მნიშვნელოვანი.

The method of doing is important.

間違えやすい

The Role of Stem Vowels 対 Stem Vowel vs. Ending

Learners often think the stem vowel is part of the ending.

よくある間違い

✗

vts'erav

✓

vts'er

Adding an extra vowel that doesn't belong.
✗

vts'ers

✓

vts'er

Using 3rd person ending for 1st person.
✗

vts'ere

✓

vts'er

Keeping the stem vowel in the wrong tense.
✗

vts'er-i

✓

vts'er

Using the wrong class marker for a formal verb.

文型パターン

მე ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

რას შვრები?

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💡

Memorize the class

Learn verbs in groups by their stem vowel.

Smart Tips

Always write down the stem vowel.

ts'er → ts'er (e-class)

発音

a, e, i, o, u

Vowel clarity

Georgian vowels are pure and short.

Question

ვწერ? ↑

Rising pitch at the end.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Vowels are the Vitals: Without the vowel, the verb has no life.

視覚的連想

Imagine a tree where the root is in the ground, and the stem vowel is the trunk that connects the roots to the branches (the endings).

Rhyme

Vowel in the middle, keeps the verb simple.

Story

A little boy named Vowel lived in the middle of a house called Verb. Every time a visitor (a person marker) came, Vowel would change his clothes to match the visitor's style.

Word Web

წერხატავსვამაკეთებმღერიცეკვავ

チャレンジ

Write down 5 verbs you know and circle the stem vowel in each.

文化メモ

Verbs are the heart of the language; being precise with them is a sign of respect.

Stem vowels evolved from ancient suffixes that marked the class of the verb.

会話のきっかけ

“

რას აკეთებ?

日記のテーマ

Write 5 sentences about what you do every day.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Fill in the correct stem vowel.

ვ___წერ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: e
The verb 'to write' uses 'e'.

Score: /1

練習問題

1 exercises
Fill in the correct stem vowel.

ვ___წერ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: e
The verb 'to write' uses 'e'.

Score: /1

よくある質問 (1)

They change to indicate different conjugation classes.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Verb endings

Georgian is more agglutinative.

French low

Conjugation

Pro-drop nature.

German moderate

Strong/Weak verbs

Georgian changes them in present too.

Japanese moderate

Verb groups

Georgian is more complex.

Arabic unknown

Root system

Georgian uses vowels differently.

Chinese none

None

No conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Subject-Verb Agreement

Related Grammar Rules

B2

The h- and s- Markers
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