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A2 noun 7分で読める

끝으로

kkeuteuro
例文 끝으로 30秒で
解説 끝으로 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn how to connect sentences. While 끝으로 is technically an A2 word, you can think of it as a special way to say 'and finally.' Imagine you are telling a friend about three things you did today. You say 'I went to school. I studied. 끝으로 (Finally), I slept.' It is like a signal flare that says 'I am almost done talking!' At this stage, don't worry about the complex grammar of the particle '-으로'. Just memorize it as one single block: 'Kkeut-eu-ro.' It's very useful for simple lists. For example, if you are listing your favorite foods: 'Kimchi, Bulgogi, 끝으로 Bibimbap.' It makes your Korean sound much more organized than just saying 'and' (그리고) over and over again. Try using it at the end of your self-introduction!
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At the A2 level, you should start using 끝으로 to structure your speech more formally. You will encounter this word in textbooks when they describe the order of events. It is a 'discourse marker,' which is a fancy way of saying a word that helps organize a conversation. At this level, you should distinguish it from '마지막으로' (lastly). While '마지막으로' is used for the last item in a physical sense (the last person in line), 끝으로 is often used to introduce the final 'point' or 'thought.' You will hear it in classroom settings or simple presentations. A common pattern is: 'First (첫째로), Second (둘째로), 끝으로...' This shows you have a plan for what you are saying. It helps you move away from simple sentences and toward short paragraphs. You might also see it in short letters or emails when the writer is wrapping up their message. It's a polite way to signal the end of a communication.
For B1 learners, 끝으로 becomes a tool for more sophisticated writing and public speaking. You should understand the nuance that makes it different from '드디어' (finally/at last). '드디어' is emotional and used when you've waited for something. 끝으로 is purely structural. At this level, you can use it in 'hoesik' (company dinner) toasts or when giving a short speech at a friend's wedding. You should also be aware of its use with the possessive particle '-의', such as '행사의 끝으로' (as the end of the event). This shows you understand how the word functions as a noun within a phrase. B1 learners should practice using it to transition into a summary or a concluding remark in an essay. It adds a professional 'finish' to your Korean. You will also start noticing it in news broadcasts where the anchor uses it to transition to the weather or a final lighthearted story.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 끝으로 with precision in formal contexts like business meetings or academic debates. You should be able to choose between 끝으로, '결론적으로' (in conclusion), and '요약하자면' (to summarize) depending on what you want to achieve. Use 끝으로 when you are adding one final, distinct point that hasn't been mentioned yet. Use '결론적으로' when you are synthesizing all previous points into one final judgment. B2 learners should also recognize the physical directional use of the word, such as '방의 끝으로 가다' (to go to the end of the room), though the sequential use remains more frequent in high-level discourse. You should be comfortable using it in written reports to introduce the '맺음말' (closing remarks). It functions as a cohesive device that improves the flow of your text, helping the reader follow your logic to the very end.
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C1 learners should master the stylistic nuances of 끝으로. It is a staple of 'Gyeong-eo' (honorific/formal language) in public settings. When you hear a politician or a CEO speak, they will almost certainly use 끝으로 to frame their final, most important message. At this level, you should be able to use it to create a 'rhetorical climax.' For example, you might list several technical details and then use 끝으로 to introduce a powerful, emotional appeal. You should also understand how it contrasts with '말미에' (at the tail end), which is more literary. C1 learners should be able to identify the word in complex legal or academic texts where it might signal the end of a particular section or argument. Your usage should be seamless, appearing exactly where a native speaker would expect a formal transition. It is less about the meaning and more about the 'tempo' of your speech or writing.
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For C2 speakers, 끝으로 is a minor but essential part of a vast repertoire of transitional devices. You understand its etymological roots (the noun '끝' and the instrumental particle '-으로') and how this history influences its current formal feel. You can use it ironically or for emphasis in high-level literature. You are also aware of regional variations or specific professional jargons where '끝으로' might be substituted by more archaic or specialized terms. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are managing the listener's expectations. You know that saying 끝으로 creates a psychological 'closing' in the audience's mind, and you use that to your advantage in negotiations or oratory. You can distinguish between its use as a simple 'lastly' and its use as a profound 'to the very end' (as in '생의 끝으로' - toward the end of one's life), appreciating the poetic potential of the phrase.
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例文

끝으로 30秒で

  • Means 'lastly' or 'finally' in formal sequences.
  • Commonly used to wrap up speeches and news reports.
  • More formal than the synonym '마지막으로'.
  • Can also mean 'toward the physical end' of something.
The Korean word 끝으로 is a high-utility adverbial phrase used to signal that a speaker or writer is approaching the final point of their communication. Linguistically, it is composed of the noun 끝, meaning 'end' or 'finish,' and the particle -으로, which indicates direction, method, or status. When combined, they literally mean 'toward the end' or 'as the end,' but functionally translate to 'lastly,' 'finally,' or 'in conclusion.' This word is essential for A2 learners because it provides a structural bridge in both spoken and written Korean, allowing for smoother transitions.
Literal Breakdown
끝 (End) + 으로 (Toward/As) = As the final part.

발표를 마치며 끝으로 감사 인사를 전합니다.

In daily life, you might hear this at the end of a long story, a business meeting, or even a simple list of chores. It carries a slightly more formal and structured tone than its synonym 마지막으로, though they are often interchangeable. Understanding the nuance of 끝으로 involves recognizing its role as a discourse marker. It doesn't just mean 'the end' in a physical sense; it means 'as the final step in this sequence of events or thoughts.'
Register
Neutral to Formal. Commonly found in speeches, news reports, and essays.

행사의 끝으로 기념 촬영이 있겠습니다.

The word is also used to describe the very last item in a physical row or sequence, though this is less common than its use as a transition. For example, '줄의 끝으로 가세요' (Go to the end of the line). However, for A2 learners, the primary focus should be its 'lastly' meaning in discourse. It helps organize thoughts effectively.
Emotional Nuance
It provides a sense of relief or completion. It tells the audience that the conclusion is imminent.

오늘 수업의 끝으로 숙제를 내주겠습니다.

Using 끝으로 correctly requires placing it at the beginning of the final clause or sentence in a series. It acts as a signpost. In Korean grammar, because it functions as an adverbial phrase, it doesn't need complex conjugation. You simply drop it into the sentence where you would say 'Finally' in English.
Sentence Structure
[Previous Points] + . + 끝으로 + [Final Point] + .

첫째는 건강, 둘째는 행복, 끝으로 평화입니다.

It is frequently paired with verbs like 마치다 (to finish), 맺다 (to conclude/tie up), or 전하다 (to convey/deliver). For instance, '끝으로 제 소감을 전하겠습니다' (Finally, I will share my feelings/thoughts). This structure is very common in formal presentations.
Common Verb Pairings
끝으로 + [말하다/전하다/마치다/인사하다]

질문은 이것으로 마치고, 끝으로 공지사항을 알려드립니다.

In more advanced usage, 끝으로 can be used to describe the physical end point of an object or a line. '이 길의 끝으로 가면 공원이 나와요' (If you go to the end of this road, a park appears). However, learners should prioritize the temporal/sequential meaning. The word helps in organizing complex thoughts into a digestible format for the listener. Using it correctly demonstrates a higher level of discourse competence.
Physical End vs. Sequential End
Physical: 길의 끝으로 (To the end of the road). Sequential: 끝으로 질문을 받겠습니다 (Lastly, I will take questions).

동네 끝으로 이사를 갔어요.

You will encounter 끝으로 in a variety of real-world scenarios in Korea. One of the most common places is on the nightly news. Anchors often use it to introduce the final human-interest story or the weather report after a long series of political and economic updates.
Media Usage
'끝으로 날씨입니다' (Lastly, here is the weather). This is a standard phrase used by news anchors.

뉴스를 마칩니다. 끝으로 내일의 날씨입니다.

In academic settings, professors use it during lectures to signal the wrap-up. Students use it in their presentations to transition to the bibliography or the Q&A session. It is also a staple of Korean corporate culture. During a 'hoesik' (company dinner), the boss might use 끝으로 to give a final word of encouragement before everyone leaves.
Workplace Context
Used in emails: '끝으로 협조에 감사드립니다' (Finally, thank you for your cooperation).

회의를 정리하며 끝으로 한 말씀 드리겠습니다.

In literature and essays, it serves as the opening for the concluding paragraph. If you are reading a Korean blog post or a news article, look for this word near the bottom. It often precedes the author's final opinion or a call to action.
Written Form
Found in the concluding remarks (맺음말) of letters and official documents.

이 편지의 끝으로 건강을 빕니다.

The most common mistake learners make is confusing 끝으로 with 마침내 or 드디어. While all can be translated as 'finally,' they have very different meanings. 끝으로 is sequential (the last item in a list), whereas '드디어' and '마침내' are temporal and emotional, implying that something long-awaited has finally happened.
Incorrect Usage
*끝으로 방학이 시작됐다! (Wrong) -> 드디어 방학이 시작됐다! (Correct: Finally, vacation started!)

3년을 기다린 끝으로 성공했다. (Awkward) -> 3년을 기다린 끝에 성공했다. (Natural)

Another mistake is overusing it in casual conversation. In a very informal setting with friends, 마지막으로 is often more natural. 끝으로 can sound a bit like you are giving a speech. If you are just telling a friend about your day, '그리고 마지막으로...' sounds better than '그리고 끝으로...'.
Nuance Check
마지막으로: Versatile, common in speech. 끝으로: Slightly more formal, suggests a structured conclusion.

친구야, 끝으로 밥 먹자. (Too formal) -> 친구야, 마지막으로 밥 먹자. (Better)

Lastly, be careful not to use it in the middle of a list. It must be the very last thing. If you say 끝으로 and then continue talking for another ten minutes about three more points, your listeners will be confused and perhaps a bit annoyed. It is a commitment to finishing.
Logical Flow
Only use it for the absolute final point of your current context.

끝으로... 아, 그리고 한 가지 더! (Confusing) -> Avoid adding 'one more thing' after saying '끝으로'.

There are several words that share a semantic field with 끝으로. Understanding the differences between them will help you sound more like a native speaker. The most important alternative is 마지막으로. While both mean 'lastly,' 마지막으로 is the default choice for most situations. It is used for the last person in a race, the last slice of pizza, or the last point in a conversation.
Comparison: 끝으로 vs 마지막으로
마지막으로: General use, physical or temporal last. 끝으로: Formal, discourse-oriented (as a concluding remark).

마지막으로 남은 사과를 먹었어요. (Natural) / 끝으로 남은 사과를 먹었어요. (Awkward)

Another related term is 마침내. This is 'finally' in the sense of 'at last.' It implies a process that took time and effort. For example, '마침내 정상에 올랐다' (Finally reached the summit). You cannot replace this with 끝으로.
Comparison: 끝으로 vs 마침내
끝으로: Positional (the last one). 마침내: Achievement (after a long time).

시험 공부를 마침내 끝냈다. (I finally finished studying - relief!)

For very formal writing, you might see 끝맺으며 (Concluding) or 마지막으로 덧붙이자면 (To add one last thing). These are more descriptive. If you are in a casual setting and want to say 'one last thing,' you can say 마지막으로 하나만 더.
Formal Alternatives
결론적으로 (In conclusion), 요약하자면 (To summarize), 끝으로 (Lastly).

결론적으로 이 계획은 완벽합니다.

豆知識

The word '끝' is one of the few Korean words that ends in the 'ㅌ' (t) consonant, which undergoes a sound change (aspiration) when followed by a vowel like '으'.

発音ガイド

UK /k͈ɯ.tʰɯ.ɾo/
US /k͈ʊt.u.roʊ/
The stress is generally even, but the first syllable '끝' is slightly more emphasized due to the tensed consonant.
韻が合う語
앞으로 (apeuro - forward) 옆으로 (yeopeuro - to the side) 밖으로 (bakkeuro - outside) 밑으로 (miteuro - downward) 속으로 (sogeuro - inside) 집으로 (jibeuro - home) 산으로 (saneuro - to the mountain) 강으로 (gangeuro - to the river)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing '끝' as 'keut' with a soft 'k'. It must be tensed (ㄲ).
  • Missing the aspiration of 't' (ㅌ) when it moves to the next syllable.
  • Pronouncing 'ro' like an English 'row' instead of a light Korean 'ㄹ'.
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レベル別の例文

1

끝으로 인사해요.

Lastly, I say hello.

끝 (end) + 으로 (as/to). Used here to mean 'lastly.'

2

사과, 포도, 끝으로 수박을 사요.

I buy apples, grapes, and finally watermelon.

Used to list the final item in a grocery list.

3

끝으로 노래를 불러요.

Lastly, I sing a song.

Signals the final activity in a sequence.

4

첫째, 둘째, 끝으로 셋째입니다.

First, second, and lastly third.

Standard way to end a numbered list.

5

끝으로 질문 있어요?

Lastly, do you have questions?

Common way to wrap up a lesson.

6

우리는 끝으로 가요.

We go to the end.

Directional use of -으로 (toward).

7

끝으로 비빔밥을 먹어요.

Lastly, I eat bibimbap.

Indicates the final course of a meal.

8

끝으로 안녕히 계세요.

Finally, goodbye.

A formal way to end a conversation.

1

발표를 마치며 끝으로 감사드립니다.

As I finish the presentation, lastly, I thank you.

Formal concluding remark.

2

끝으로 공지 사항이 있습니다.

Lastly, there is an announcement.

Used to introduce a final piece of information.

3

오늘 수업의 끝으로 숙제를 줄게요.

As the end of today's class, I will give you homework.

'의 끝으로' functions as 'at the end of'.

4

끝으로 우리 모두 박수 칩시다.

Finally, let's all clap.

Suggests a final collective action.

5

이 길의 끝으로 가면 은행이 있어요.

If you go to the end of this road, there is a bank.

Directional use in a spatial context.

6

끝으로 제 소개를 마치겠습니다.

Finally, I will finish my introduction.

Standard phrase for ending a self-introduction.

7

회의 끝으로 정리를 하겠습니다.

At the end of the meeting, I will summarize.

Sequential marker for the final step.

8

끝으로 가족에게 사랑한다고 말했어요.

Lastly, I told my family I love them.

Indicates the final action in a series of events.

1

뉴스 끝으로 내일의 날씨를 전해드립니다.

At the end of the news, we deliver tomorrow's weather.

Professional broadcast terminology.

2

끝으로 이번 프로젝트의 목표를 강조하고 싶습니다.

Finally, I want to emphasize the goal of this project.

Used for rhetorical emphasis in a conclusion.

3

긴 여행의 끝으로 우리는 집에 도착했다.

At the end of a long journey, we arrived home.

Can imply the conclusion of a long process.

4

끝으로 덧붙이자면, 건강이 가장 중요합니다.

To add one last thing, health is the most important.

'끝으로 덧붙이자면' is a common fixed phrase.

5

행사의 끝으로 기념 촬영이 있겠습니다.

As the end of the event, there will be a commemorative photo.

Formal announcement of the final program item.

6

끝으로 여러분의 건승을 빕니다.

Finally, I wish you all success.

Standard formal closing wish.

7

줄의 끝으로 가서 기다리세요.

Go to the end of the line and wait.

Instructional use for physical location.

8

끝으로 제가 준비한 선물입니다.

Finally, this is the gift I prepared.

Introducing the final surprise or item.

1

끝으로 본 연구의 한계점을 밝히고자 합니다.

Finally, I intend to clarify the limitations of this research.

Academic register for concluding a paper.

2

강연의 끝으로 질의응답 시간을 갖겠습니다.

As the end of the lecture, we will have a Q&A session.

Formal transition to interactive session.

3

끝으로 정부의 공식 입장을 발표하겠습니다.

Finally, we will announce the government's official position.

High-level formal discourse marker.

4

이 보고서의 끝으로 향후 계획을 제시합니다.

At the end of this report, I present future plans.

Structural marker in business writing.

5

끝으로 한 가지만 더 당부드리고 싶습니다.

Finally, I would like to request one more thing.

Polite way to add a final request.

6

마라톤의 끝으로 갈수록 선수들은 힘들어했다.

As they got closer to the end of the marathon, the runners struggled.

Describes progression toward a physical end.

7

끝으로 이 모든 공을 팀원들에게 돌립니다.

Finally, I give all the credit to my team members.

Standard phrase in acceptance speeches.

8

오늘의 대화를 끝으로 우리는 헤어졌다.

With today's conversation as the end, we parted ways.

Indicates the finality of a relationship or event.

1

끝으로 우리 사회가 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하며 마치겠습니다.

Finally, I will conclude by suggesting the direction our society should take.

Sophisticated rhetorical structure.

2

논문의 끝으로 참고 문헌을 첨부하였습니다.

I have attached the bibliography at the end of the thesis.

Precise description of document structure.

3

끝으로 이 비극이 다시는 되풀이되지 않기를 바랍니다.

Finally, I hope this tragedy is never repeated.

Emotional and formal concluding appeal.

4

그는 생의 끝으로 향하며 평온을 찾았다.

Heading toward the end of his life, he found peace.

Literary/Poetic use of the word.

5

끝으로 이번 사태에 대한 엄중한 책임을 묻겠습니다.

Finally, I will hold those strictly accountable for this situation.

Used in serious political or legal contexts.

6

브리핑의 끝으로 추가 자료를 배포하겠습니다.

At the end of the briefing, we will distribute additional materials.

Administrative formal transition.

7

끝으로 독자 여러분의 끊임없는 성원을 부탁드립니다.

Finally, I ask for the continued support of our readers.

Standard polite closing in media/publishing.

8

긴 터널의 끝으로 빛이 보이기 시작했다.

Toward the end of the long tunnel, light began to show.

Metaphorical and physical use.

1

끝으로 본고는 선행 연구의 오류를 지적하며 담론을 마무리한다.

Finally, this paper concludes the discourse by pointing out errors in previous studies.

Highly academic and formal register.

2

역사의 끝으로 사라진 왕조의 흔적을 찾아서.

In search of the traces of a dynasty that vanished toward the end of history.

Abstract/Philosophical use of the term.

3

끝으로 필자는 인간 소외의 문제를 철학적 관점에서 재조명하고자 한다.

Finally, the author intends to re-examine the problem of human alienation from a philosophical perspective.

Advanced essayistic conclusion.

4

대단원의 끝으로 모든 배우들이 무대에 올라 인사를 건넸다.

As the end of the grand finale, all the actors came on stage and bowed.

Theatrical/Literary terminology.

5

끝으로 우리가 망각하고 있었던 본질적인 가치를 되새겨야 합니다.

Finally, we must reflect on the essential values that we have been forgetting.

Powerful oratorical concluding statement.

6

그의 침묵은 변명의 끝으로 이어지는 마지막 저항이었다.

His silence was the final resistance leading to the end of excuses.

Nuanced literary prose.

7

끝으로 이 글이 누군가에게 작은 위로가 되기를 소망합니다.

Finally, I hope this writing will be a small comfort to someone.

Humble and formal authorial closing.

8

우주는 팽창을 멈추고 시간의 끝으로 수렴할 것인가?

Will the universe stop expanding and converge toward the end of time?

Scientific/Cosmological theoretical context.

よく使う組み合わせ

발표를 끝으로
행사의 끝으로
줄의 끝으로
끝으로 덧붙이자면
끝으로 갈수록
수업의 끝으로
회의의 끝으로
이야기의 끝으로
길의 끝으로
뉴스 끝으로

よく使うフレーズ

끝으로 한 말씀

— One final word/remark. Used by leaders or speakers.

끝으로 한 말씀 드리겠습니다.

끝으로 질문

— Final questions. Standard way to open Q&A.

끝으로 질문 있으신가요?

끝으로 인사

— Final greeting/farewell.

끝으로 인사를 전합니다.

끝으로 날씨

— Lastly, the weather. Iconic news phrase.

끝으로 내일의 날씨입니다.

끝으로 마치다

— To finish with something as the end.

노래를 끝으로 공연을 마칩니다.

끝으로 가다

— To go to the end (physical or temporal).

시간이 끝으로 가고 있어요.

끝으로 강조하다

— To emphasize one last thing.

끝으로 이 점을 강조합니다.

끝으로 부탁하다

— To make a final request.

끝으로 협조를 부탁드립니다.

끝으로 정리하다

— To summarize as the final step.

끝으로 내용을 정리하겠습니다.

끝으로 빕니다

— To wish something finally (usually health/success).

끝으로 여러분의 행복을 빕니다.

慣用句と表現

"끝으로 몰리다"

— To be driven into a corner or a desperate situation.

그는 경제적으로 끝으로 몰렸다.

Neutral
"끝으로 내몰다"

— To push someone to the edge or the end.

그를 끝으로 내몰지 마세요.

Neutral
"끝으로 치닫다"

— To rush toward the end or a climax.

경기가 끝으로 치닫고 있다.

Neutral
"끝으로 맺다"

— To conclude or tie up a story/event.

이야기를 끝으로 맺겠습니다.

Formal
"끝으로 발을 딛다"

— To step toward the end of a journey.

그는 인생의 끝으로 발을 디뎠다.

Literary
"끝으로 향하다"

— To head toward the end.

여름이 끝으로 향하고 있다.

Neutral
"끝으로 장식하다"

— To decorate or grace the end (finish beautifully).

불꽃놀이가 축제의 끝으로 장식했다.

Literary
"끝으로 남다"

— To remain until the very end.

그는 끝으로 남은 생존자였다.

Neutral
"끝으로 밀려나다"

— To be pushed to the very end/back.

제 이름이 명단 끝으로 밀려났어요.

Neutral
"끝으로 사라지다"

— To disappear into the end/distance.

기차가 선로 끝으로 사라졌다.

Literary

語族

名詞

끝 (End)
끝맺음 (Conclusion)
끝물 (End of the season)

動詞

끝나다 (To end - intransitive)
끝내다 (To finish - transitive)
끝맺다 (To conclude)

形容詞

끝없다 (Endless)
끝내주는 (Amazing/Finish-giving)

関連

마지막 (Last)
결말 (Ending of a story)
최종 (Final)
종료 (Termination)
마감 (Deadline)
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語源

Derived from the Middle Korean word '긑' (geut), which evolved into the modern '끝' (kkeut). The particle '-으로' is a long-standing instrumental/directional marker.

元の意味： The physical point where something stops.

Koreanic
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