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저조하다

B1 adjective #5,000 よく出る 8分で読める

저조하다

上位5,000

練習する例文メモとヒント 저조하다 30秒で

解説 저조하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '저조하다' yourself, but you might see it in simple news charts. Think of it as a fancy way of saying 'very low' (매우 낮아요) or 'not many' (별로 없어요). For example, if you see a picture of an empty classroom, a teacher might say the attendance is '저조하다'. At this stage, focus on the idea that things are 'less than they should be'. It is mostly used for numbers and results, not for how tall you are or how high a mountain is. If you see this word, just remember it means 'the numbers are bad/low'.

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At the A2 level, you can begin to distinguish between '낮다' (low) and '저조하다'. While '낮다' is used for the height of a chair or the temperature, '저조하다' is used for things you can count or measure in terms of success. For example, if you play a game and get a very low score, that is '저조한 성적'. You will start to hear this word in weather reports (sometimes regarding low activity) or basic school announcements. Try to remember the phrase '참여가 저조하다' (participation is low), as this is a very common phrase in community settings. It helps you sound more like a native speaker when discussing results.

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At the B1 level, you should start using '저조하다' in your writing and speaking, especially when discussing social issues or school performance. This is the level where you move beyond simple adjectives. Instead of saying '사람들이 안 왔어요' (People didn't come), you can say '참석률이 저조했습니다' (The attendance rate was poor). This word is essential for the TOPIK exam, as it frequently appears in the writing section when you have to describe graphs. You should understand that '저조하다' implies a negative evaluation—it's not just low; it's disappointingly low. It is often used in business contexts to describe sales or productivity.

At the B2 level, you should be able to use '저조하다' fluently in formal contexts. You should also understand its nuances compared to '부진하다' (sluggish) and '미흡하다' (insufficient). At this level, you can use it to describe abstract concepts like 'morale' (사기) or 'interest' (관심). For example, '시민들의 정치적 관심이 저조한 것이 문제입니다' (The problem is that citizens' political interest is low). You should also be comfortable with its noun-modifying form, '저조한', and use it to add detail to your sentences. You will encounter this word in almost every newspaper article about the economy or demographics.

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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '저조하다' and its Hanja roots (低調). You can use it to describe complex socio-economic trends. You understand that the word carries a certain weight and formality. You might use it in a debate to critique a government policy: '정부의 대책에도 불구하고 출산율은 여전히 저조한 실정입니다' (Despite the government's measures, the birth rate is still in a poor state). At this level, you also recognize its use in artistic or musical criticism to mean 'low-toned' or 'subdued', though this is rarer. You can pair it with sophisticated adverbs like '극명하게' (clearly/distinctly) or '지속적으로' (continuously) to create complex academic sentences.

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At the C2 level, '저조하다' is part of your professional vocabulary. You can use it with absolute precision, knowing exactly when it is more appropriate than '침체되다' (stagnant) or '낙후되다' (lagging). You are aware of the word's historical usage and its subtle connotations in high-level literature or economic theory. You can use it to describe a 'low-key' atmosphere in a way that is poetic or highly analytical. Your usage reflects an understanding of the word's ability to summarize a failing system or a disappointing trend without sounding overly emotional. You can navigate complex texts where '저조하다' is used to describe everything from 'investment rates' to 'cultural engagement' among specific demographics.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

저조하다 30秒で

저조하다 means 'low' or 'poor' in terms of numbers, performance, or rates.
It is a formal word often used in news, business, and academic reports.
It carries a negative nuance, implying that the result is disappointingly below average.
Commonly paired with words like 'turnout' (투표율), 'sales' (실적), and 'birth rate' (출산율).

The Korean adjective 저조하다 (低調--) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe a state where numbers, rates, performance, or general activity levels fall significantly below an expected standard or a previous benchmark. Etymologically derived from the Hanja characters 低 (Low) and 調 (Tone/Condition), it originally referred to a low musical pitch or a subdued atmosphere. In modern usage, however, it has transitioned into the realms of statistics, business, and social phenomena. When you hear this word, think of a graph where the line is stubbornly hugging the bottom axis despite efforts to push it upward.

Statistical Context: It is most frequently paired with nouns like 'turnout' (투표율), 'participation rate' (참여율), or 'birth rate' (출산율). In these cases, it doesn't just mean 'low'; it carries a connotation of disappointment or a problem that needs addressing.

이번 선거의 투표율이 생각보다 매우 저조하다.

Translation: The voter turnout for this election is much lower than expected.

Beyond mere numbers, 저조하다 is used to critique performance. In a corporate setting, if sales figures (실적) are described as '저조하다', it implies that the team failed to meet their KPIs. In sports, if a player's scoring rate is '저조하다', they are likely facing criticism from fans and coaches alike. It is a word of evaluation, often found in news headlines, formal reports, and academic papers rather than casual street slang. It provides a level of professional distance while clearly communicating a lack of success or vitality.

Emotional Nuance: While it is an objective descriptor of data, it often implies a 'subdued' or 'depressed' mood in a broader sense. If the 'morale' (사기) of a group is 저조하다, it means the atmosphere is heavy and lacking energy.

In summary, 저조하다 is the go-to adjective for describing 'poor' or 'sluggish' performance in any quantifiable field. It bridges the gap between a simple 'low' and a complex 'underperforming'. Whether discussing the economy, a social trend, or a personal grade, it highlights a gap between what is and what should be. Understanding this word allows learners to navigate formal Korean media and business environments with greater ease, as it appears constantly in discussions about productivity and social engagement.

Using 저조하다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a descriptive verb (adjective). It typically follows a noun marked by the subject particle -이/가. Unlike '낮다' (low), which is a general descriptor for height or level, 저조하다 specifically targets the 'quality' or 'vitality' of a rate or record. It is rarely used to describe physical objects but is ubiquitous when discussing abstract metrics.

Structure: [Noun] + 이/가 + 저조하다: This is the most common pattern. For example, '관심이 저조하다' (Interest is low/poor). It suggests that the level of interest is not just low, but disappointingly so.

신제품에 대한 소비자들의 반응이 예상외로 저조합니다.

Translation: Consumers' reaction to the new product is unexpectedly poor.

When you want to describe a noun using this word as a modifier, you use the form 저조한 [Noun]. This is frequently seen in news reports to categorize groups or periods. For instance, '저조한 성적' (poor grades/results) or '저조한 시청률' (low viewership ratings). This usage highlights a specific attribute of the noun as being subpar. It is a powerful way to provide an evaluative description in a single phrase.

Modifying Form: 저조한 + Noun: Example: '저조한 참여율 때문에 행사가 취소되었습니다.' (The event was canceled due to a low participation rate.) Here, '저조한' acts as a direct adjective modifying '참여율'.

Furthermore, 저조하다 can be used with adverbs like '매우' (very), '극히' (extremely), or '상당히' (considerably) to emphasize the severity of the low performance. In formal writing, you might see it in the '-(으)로 저조하다' construction when describing a trend, though the simple subject-predicate form is more prevalent. Mastering these patterns allows a learner to move from simple descriptions like '안 좋아요' (It's not good) to professional evaluations like '실적이 저조합니다' (Performance is sluggish).

In the daily life of a Korean speaker, 저조하다 is a staple of the 8 PM news and the morning business papers. If you are a fan of K-Dramas, you might hear a producer shouting about '저조한 시청률' (low viewership) when a show isn't doing well. If you are a student in Korea, you might hear your teacher express concern over '저조한 성적' (poor grades) during a counseling session. It is a word that signals a gap between effort and outcome, making it a favorite for analytical discourse.

In Corporate Korea: During quarterly meetings, managers use this word to describe sales targets that weren't met. It sounds more objective and less personal than saying 'you did a bad job'. It shifts the focus to the 'status' of the numbers.

수출 실적이 지난달에 비해 상당히 저조한 편입니다.

Translation: Export performance is quite poor compared to last month.

Sports broadcasts are another major arena for this word. Commentators use it to describe a team's shooting percentage or a player's recent form. If a famous striker hasn't scored in five games, the commentator will likely say, '최근 득점력이 저조합니다' (His scoring ability has been poor recently). This usage helps fans understand that the current state is an anomaly or a slump relative to the player's usual high standards. It adds a layer of statistical weight to the commentary.

In Social Issues: The word is inextricably linked to South Korea's demographic crisis. Discussions about the '저조한 출산율' (low birth rate) are constant in politics. It is used to emphasize that the rate is not just low, but critically low.

Finally, you will encounter 저조하다 in academic research and government reports. When researchers find that a certain policy had '저조한 성과' (poor results), they are using the word to justify a change in direction. It is a word of diagnosis. For a learner, recognizing this word is like unlocking a 'Formal/Professional Mode' in their listening comprehension. It allows you to understand the gravity of a situation in a way that simpler adjectives like '나쁘다' (bad) or '적다' (few) cannot convey.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning 저조하다 is treating it as a direct synonym for 'low' in every context. In English, 'low' is a versatile word that applies to height, volume, temperature, and quantity. However, 저조하다 is much more specialized. Using it to describe the height of a table or the volume of a radio will sound very strange to a native speaker. It is strictly reserved for rates, performance, and conditions of activity.

Mistake 1: Physical Height: Incorrect: '책상이 저조해요' (The desk is low). Correct: '책상이 낮아요'. 저조하다 cannot be used for physical dimensions.

❌ 기온이 저조하다 (The temperature is low).
✅ 기온이 낮다.

Temperature is a physical measurement, so use '낮다'.

Another common error is confusing 저조하다 with 부진하다 (sluggish). While they are often interchangeable, 부진하다 focuses more on the 'lack of progress' or 'stagnation', whereas 저조하다 focuses on the 'low level' of the result. For example, a business's 'growth' might be '부진하다' (sluggish growth), but its 'sales' are '저조하다' (low sales). Using 저조하다 for progress that is simply slow rather than numerically low can sometimes feel slightly off-target.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Sluggish' Progress: While related, use '부진하다' for things that are moving slowly, and '저조하다' for things that are sitting at a low number.

Lastly, learners sometimes use 저조하다 to describe a person's character as being 'low-key' or 'humble'. This is a complete mistranslation. In English, 'low-key' means modest or quiet, but 저조하다 always implies a negative evaluation of performance or quantity. Describing a person as '저조하다' would imply they are underperforming or failing in their tasks, not that they have a quiet personality. Always keep the focus on the 'output' rather than the 'person'.

To truly master 저조하다, one must understand how it sits within a family of words that describe 'not enough' or 'not good'. The most direct alternative is 부진하다 (不振--). While 저조하다 highlights the 'low level', 부진하다 highlights the 'lack of energy or vigor'. You will often see them used together in reports: '판매가 부진하여 실적이 저조하다' (Because sales are sluggish, the results are poor).

저조하다 vs. 부진하다: 저조하다: Focuses on the low number/rate (The 'What').
부진하다: Focuses on the lack of activity/progress (The 'How').

경기가 안 좋아서 소비가 부진하고, 그 결과 기업의 이익이 저조합니다.

Consuming is sluggish (부진), results are low (저조).

Another similar word is 미흡하다 (未洽--). This means 'insufficient' or 'unsatisfactory'. While 저조하다 is about the quantity being low, 미흡하다 is about the quality or amount not reaching a specific requirement. If a report is '미흡하다', it lacks detail. If the attendance is '저조하다', it lacks people. Understanding this distinction helps in choosing the right word for the specific type of 'failure' you are describing.

저조하다 vs. 미흡하다: 저조하다: Quantitative (Low numbers).
미흡하다: Qualitative (Not good enough/Incomplete).

For a more general and less formal option, one can use 낮다 (low). This is the safe bet for beginners. However, it lacks the evaluative punch of 저조하다. Saying '투표율이 낮다' is a simple statement of fact. Saying '투표율이 저조하다' implies that the low turnout is a problem or a disappointment. Finally, 바닥을 치다 (to hit rock bottom) is a more idiomatic way to describe an extremely '저조한' state, often used when something has reached its absolute lowest point before potentially recovering.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

While it sounds very technical today, its roots are artistic. In old literature, it was used to describe a sad, low-toned melody.

発音ガイド

UK t͡ɕʌ.d͡zo.ɦa.da

US t͡ɕʌ.d͡zo.ɦa.da

The primary stress is on the second syllable '조' (jo).

韻が合う語

보조하다 (to assist) 협조하다 (to cooperate) 구조하다 (to rescue) 창조하다 (to create) 강조하다 (to emphasize) 단조하다 (to be monotonous) 변조하다 (to modulate) 위조하다 (to forge)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'eo' (어) like 'oh' (오).
Making the 'j' (ㅈ) sound too much like an English 'z'.
Over-emphasizing the 'h' (ㅎ) in fast speech.
Confusing the pitch with '조조' (early morning).
Failing to aspirate the 'd' (ㄷ) slightly at the start of 'da'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Common in newspapers and reports, requiring knowledge of Hanja-based vocabulary.

ライティング 4/5

Requires understanding of specific collocations to avoid sounding unnatural.

スピーキング 3/5

Useful for formal discussions but rarely used in very casual contexts.

リスニング 3/5

Clearly pronounced, but the context must be understood to grasp the nuance.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

낮다 성적 실적 참여 비율

次に学ぶ

부진하다 미흡하다 침체 호조 활발하다

上級

낙후되다 결여되다 함량 미달 답보 상태

知っておくべき文法

Adjective + -ㄴ/은 (Noun Modifier)

저조한 성적

Adjective + -아/어지다 (Become)

실적이 저조해졌다

Adjective + -게 (Adverbial)

저조하게 나타나다

Subject + -이/가 + Adjective

참여가 저조하다

Adjective + -기 때문에 (Reason)

지지율이 저조하기 때문에

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レベル別の例文

사람들이 적어서 분위기가 저조해요.

There are few people, so the atmosphere is low.

저조해요 is the polite present tense.

성적이 조금 저조합니다.

The grades are a bit low.

저조합니다 is the formal polite form.

참석률이 저조해요.

The attendance rate is low.

참석률 (attendance rate) is a common subject for this word.

판매가 저조해요.

Sales are low.

판매 (sales) is another common subject.

반응이 저조해요.

The reaction is poor.

반응 (reaction/response) is used here.

인기가 저조해요.

Popularity is low.

인기 (popularity) can be 저조하다.

투표율이 저조해요.

Voter turnout is low.

투표율 (voter turnout) is a classic example.

관심이 저조해요.

Interest is low.

관심 (interest) is often paired with this word.

이번 달 실적이 아주 저조합니다.

This month's performance is very poor.

실적 (performance/results) is used in business.

저조한 성적을 받아서 슬퍼요.

I am sad because I got poor grades.

저조한 is the adjective form modifying 성적.

참여가 저조해서 행사가 취소됐어요.

The event was canceled because participation was low.

The -아서/어서 ending indicates a reason.

시청률이 저조한 드라마예요.

It's a drama with low viewership ratings.

시청률 (viewership ratings) is a high-frequency collocation.

수익이 저조해서 걱정이에요.

I'm worried because the profit is low.

수익 (profit) is often 저조하다.

운동 선수의 컨디션이 저조해 보여요.

The athlete's condition looks poor.

컨디션 (condition) can be described as 저조하다.

기부금이 저조하게 모였어요.

Donations were collected poorly (in low amounts).

저조하게 is the adverbial form.

신청자가 저조해서 연기되었습니다.

It was postponed because there were few applicants.

신청자 (applicants) is the subject.

최근 출산율이 저조한 것은 사회적 문제입니다.

The recently low birth rate is a social problem.

The -는 것 nominalizes the clause.

홍보가 부족해서 인지도가 저조합니다.

Public awareness is low because of a lack of promotion.

인지도 (awareness/recognition) is a mid-level term.

저조한 투표율은 민주주의에 좋지 않습니다.

Low voter turnout is not good for democracy.

This is a typical formal argument sentence.

경기가 안 좋아서 소비 심리가 저조해요.

Consumer sentiment is low because the economy is bad.

소비 심리 (consumer sentiment) is an abstract concept.

학생들의 참여도가 예상보다 저조했습니다.

Students' participation level was lower than expected.

참여도 (level of participation) adds precision.

실적이 저조한 사원은 교육을 받아야 합니다.

Employees with poor performance must receive training.

저조한 사원 uses the adjective to describe a person's status.

수출이 저조하여 무역 수지가 악화되었습니다.

The trade balance worsened as exports were poor.

The -하여 ending is a formal way to show cause.

영화의 흥행 성적이 저조해서 일찍 종영했습니다.

The movie ended its run early because its box office performance was poor.

흥행 성적 (box office results) is a specific term.

정부의 대책에도 불구하고 지지율이 저조합니다.

Despite the government's measures, the approval rating is low.

-에도 불구하고 (despite) is a B2-level connector.

저조한 가동률 때문에 공장이 손해를 보고 있습니다.

The factory is losing money due to a low operation rate.

가동률 (operation rate/capacity) is a technical term.

청년들의 취업률이 저조한 원인을 분석해야 합니다.

We must analyze the reasons why the youth employment rate is low.

취업률 (employment rate) is a key social metric.

기대했던 것보다 관객들의 호응이 저조했습니다.

The audience's response was poorer than expected.

호응 (positive response/reaction) is the subject.

저조한 수익성을 개선하기 위한 대책이 시급합니다.

Measures to improve poor profitability are urgent.

수익성 (profitability) is a common business term.

이번 분기의 영업 이익이 작년 대비 저조합니다.

Operating profit this quarter is low compared to last year.

영업 이익 (operating profit) is specific financial terminology.

전문가들은 저조한 경제 성장률을 경고하고 있습니다.

Experts are warning about the low economic growth rate.

경제 성장률 (economic growth rate) is a macro term.

사내 사기가 저조하여 생산성이 떨어지고 있습니다.

Internal morale is low, so productivity is falling.

사내 사기 (internal morale) is an abstract application.

지속되는 경기 침체로 인해 투자 심리가 극히 저조한 실정입니다.

Due to the ongoing economic recession, investment sentiment is in an extremely poor state.

-한 실정이다 (be in a situation/state) is a formal C1 ending.

저조한 학업 성취도는 공교육의 위기를 반영합니다.

Poor academic achievement reflects the crisis in public education.

학업 성취도 (academic achievement level) is academic jargon.

해당 지역의 인프라 확충이 저조하여 주민들의 불만이 높습니다.

Residents' dissatisfaction is high because infrastructure expansion in the area is poor.

인프라 확충 (infrastructure expansion) is a policy term.

신기술에 대한 수용도가 저조한 기업은 도태될 수밖에 없습니다.

Companies with low acceptance of new technology are bound to fall behind.

-을 수밖에 없다 (have no choice but to) expresses necessity.

문화적 다양성에 대한 인식이 여전히 저조한 편입니다.

Awareness of cultural diversity is still on the lower side.

인식 (awareness/perception) is used abstractly.

저조한 백신 접종률은 집단 면역 형성을 어렵게 합니다.

The low vaccine inoculation rate makes it difficult to form herd immunity.

집단 면역 (herd immunity) is a specialized medical term.

해당 정책은 실효성이 저조하다는 비판을 면치 못했습니다.

The policy could not avoid criticism that its effectiveness is poor.

-을 면치 못하다 (cannot avoid) is a sophisticated idiom.

저조한 자급률은 국가 에너지 안보에 위협이 됩니다.

A low self-sufficiency rate poses a threat to national energy security.

자급률 (self-sufficiency rate) is a strategic term.

거시경제적 불확실성이 증대됨에 따라 민간 투자가 극도로 저조한 양상을 띠고 있습니다.

As macroeconomic uncertainty increases, private investment is showing an extremely sluggish pattern.

- 양상을 띠다 (to take on an aspect/pattern) is very formal.

저조한 출산율의 근본적 원인을 규명하기 위한 다각적인 접근이 필요합니다.

A multilateral approach is needed to identify the fundamental causes of the low birth rate.

규명하다 (to investigate/identify) is high-level academic Korean.

해당 논문은 데이터의 신뢰성이 저조하다는 이유로 게재가 거절되었습니다.

The thesis was rejected for publication on the grounds that the reliability of the data was poor.

게재 (publication in a journal) is a specific academic term.

저조한 투표율이 대의 민주주의의 정당성을 훼손할 수 있다는 우려가 제기되고 있습니다.

Concerns are being raised that low voter turnout could undermine the legitimacy of representative democracy.

훼손하다 (to damage/undermine) is a formal verb.

전통 시장의 현대화 작업이 저조한 진척을 보이면서 상인들의 시름이 깊어지고 있습니다.

As the modernization of traditional markets shows poor progress, the merchants' worries are deepening.

진척 (progress) is a professional term for project status.

저조한 회수율로 인해 공적 자금 투입의 효율성에 대한 의문이 증폭되고 있습니다.

Due to the low recovery rate, doubts about the efficiency of public fund injection are amplifying.

회수율 (recovery rate) is a financial term.

기술적 한계로 인해 초기 단계에서는 수율이 저조할 수밖에 없었습니다.

Due to technical limitations, the yield rate was inevitably low in the initial stages.

수율 (yield rate) is a specific manufacturing term.

저조한 가시성으로 인해 해상 사고의 위험이 급격히 증가하고 있습니다.

Due to poor visibility, the risk of maritime accidents is increasing sharply.

가시성 (visibility) is used here in a technical safety context.

類義語

낮다 부진하다 떨어지다 미진하다

反対語

높다 활발하다 우수하다

よく使う組み合わせ

투표율이 저조하다

실적이 저조하다

참여가 저조하다

출산율이 저조하다

성적이 저조하다

시청률이 저조하다

사기가 저조하다

반응이 저조하다

수익성이 저조하다

인지도가 저조하다

よく使うフレーズ

저조한 성적

— Poor grades or results. Used in schools or sports.

저조한 성적을 만회하기 위해 노력 중이다.

저조한 실적

— Poor business performance or track record.

저조한 실적으로 인해 보너스가 삭감되었다.

기대에 저조하다

— To be lower than expectations (often used as '기대에 못 미치다').

결과가 기대에 저조하여 실망했다.

반응이 저조하다

— To receive a poor or lukewarm response from an audience.

강연에 대한 청중의 반응이 저조했다.

참여율 저조

— Low participation rate. Often seen as a headline.

참여율 저조로 인한 행사 차질.

저조한 가동률

— Low operation rate of a factory or system.

저조한 가동률은 적자의 원인이 된다.

인지도 저조

— Low public awareness or recognition.

신인 가수의 가장 큰 문제는 인지도 저조였다.

저조한 지지율

— Low approval ratings for a politician or policy.

저조한 지지율을 극복하기 위한 대책이 필요하다.

회수율 저조

— Low recovery or collection rate (e.g., debt, recycling).

빌려준 돈의 회수율이 저조하다.

저조한 성장세

— Low or sluggish growth trend.

경제의 저조한 성장세가 지속되고 있다.

よく混同される語

저조하다 vs 낮다

낮다 is for height/level; 저조하다 is for performance/rates.

저조하다 vs 적다

적다 is for small quantity; 저조하다 is for poor results/rates.

저조하다 vs 나쁘다

나쁘다 is general 'bad'; 저조하다 is specifically 'low/sluggish' in terms of numbers.

慣用句と表現

"바닥을 기어 다니다"

— To crawl on the floor; used metaphorically when numbers/performance are extremely '저조하다'.

내 성적이 바닥을 기어 다닌다.

Informal

"죽을 쑤다"

— To make porridge; a slang idiom meaning to mess up or perform very poorly.

이번 시험은 완전히 죽을 쑤었어.

Slang

"기가 꺾이다"

— To have one's spirit broken; often happens when results are '저조하다'.

실적이 저조해서 기가 꺾였다.

Neutral

"찬물을 끼얹다"

— To throw cold water on; when poor results ruin a good mood.

저조한 실적이 파티 분위기에 찬물을 끼얹었다.

Neutral

"밑바닥을 치다"

— To hit rock bottom; the extreme end of being '저조하다'.

주가가 밑바닥을 쳤다.

Neutral

"앞길이 구만리다"

— To have a long way to go; used when current results are '저조' and much work is needed.

실적이 저조해서 앞길이 구만리다.

Neutral

"제자리걸음을 하다"

— To march in place; to make no progress, resulting in '저조한' results.

경제 성장이 제자리걸음을 하고 있다.

Neutral

"빛 좋은 개살구"

— A wild apricot with a good color; something that looks good but has '저조한' inner quality.

그 회사는 겉만 화려하고 실적은 빛 좋은 개살구다.

Neutral

"도토리 키 재기"

— Comparing the heights of acorns; comparing two things that are both '저조하다'.

두 팀의 실적은 도토리 키 재기 수준이다.

Neutral

"울며 겨자 먹기"

— Eating mustard while crying; doing something reluctantly because results are '저조' and there's no choice.

실적이 저조해 울며 겨자 먹기로 구조 조정을 했다.

Neutral

間違えやすい

저조하다 vs 부진하다

Both mean 'poor' or 'sluggish'.

부진하다 focuses on the lack of activity/progress; 저조하다 focuses on the low numerical result.

경기가 부진하다 (sluggish economy) vs. 실적이 저조하다 (poor results).

저조하다 vs 미진하다

Both imply 'not enough'.

미진하다 means 'incomplete' or 'not fully satisfied'; 저조하다 means the amount is low.

수사가 미진하다 (incomplete investigation) vs. 참여가 저조하다 (low participation).

저조하다 vs 미흡하다

Both describe unsatisfactory states.

미흡하다 is about quality/adequacy; 저조하다 is about quantity/rates.

준비가 미흡하다 (poor preparation) vs. 성적이 저조하다 (low grades).

저조하다 vs 침체되다

Both describe a downward trend.

침체되다 is for a whole system/market being in a slump; 저조하다 is for a specific data point.

시장이 침체되다 vs. 매출이 저조하다.

저조하다 vs 낙후되다

Both mean falling behind.

낙후되다 is about development/technology being outdated; 저조하다 is about current performance levels.

시설이 낙후되다 vs. 효율이 저조하다.

文型パターン

[Noun]이/가 저조해요.

인기가 저조해요.

[Noun]이/가 저조해서 [Result].

실적이 저조해서 슬퍼요.

저조한 [Noun]을/를 만회하다.

저조한 성적을 만회하다.

[Noun]에도 불구하고 [Subject]이/가 저조하다.

노력에도 불구하고 결과가 저조하다.

[Noun]이/가 저조한 실정이다.

투자가 저조한 실정이다.

[Noun]이/가 저조한 양상을 보이다.

성장세가 저조한 양상을 보이다.

Formal

[Noun]이/가 저조한 것으로 나타났습니다.

수익이 저조한 것으로 나타났습니다.

Informal

[Noun]이/가 완전 저조해.

반응이 완전 저조해.

語族

名詞

저조 Low tone, low state, poor performance

形容詞

저조하다 To be low, poor, or sluggish

使い方

frequency

High in formal/written Korean; Medium in daily speech.

よくある間違い

키가 저조하다 → 키가 작다
'저조하다' is for performance/rates, not physical height.
라디오 소리가 저조하다 → 라디오 소리가 작다/낮다
Volume is not described with '저조하다'.
그는 성격이 저조하다 → 그는 성격이 차분하다/조용하다
'저조하다' cannot describe a 'low-key' personality.
저조한 물건 → 품질이 낮은 물건
You don't call an object '저조하다'; you call its 'quality' or 'sales' 저조하다.
범죄율이 저조해서 좋다 → 범죄율이 낮아서 좋다
'저조하다' has a negative connotation of 'failing to meet a goal'. A low crime rate is good, so use '낮다'.

ヒント

Pair with Rates

Always try to pair '저조하다' with words ending in '율' (rate), like 투표율, 참여율, or 출산율. This is its most natural habitat.

Predicate vs. Modifier

Remember to use '저조한' before a noun and '저조하다' at the end of a sentence. Both are equally common in reports.

Business Context

In a job interview, if asked about a failure, using '실적이 저조했을 때...' sounds much more professional than '실적이 안 좋았을 때...'

Opposite of Ho-jo

If '저조' (Jeo-jo) is the bad state, '호조' (Ho-jo) is the good state. Learning them together helps.

Graph Description

When a graph line stays at the bottom, use '저조한 수준에 머물다' (to stay at a poor level).

Evaluation

Use '저조하다' when you want to subtly criticize a result without being overly emotional.

News Keywords

If you hear '저조', prepare to hear about a problem that needs solving in the news.

Swap with Bu-jin

In most business contexts, you can swap '저조하다' with '부진하다' to vary your vocabulary.

Low Tone

Think of a 'low tone' (Jeo-jo) of voice reflecting a 'low level' of success.

Demographic Crisis

In Korea, '저조' is almost synonymous with the birth rate crisis. Use it in social discussions.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'JO-JO' (조조) sounds like a 'yo-yo' that is stuck at the bottom. 'JEO' (저) sounds like 'low' (저 is the Hanja for low). So, JEO-JO is a yo-yo stuck low.

視覚的連想

Imagine a bar graph where all the bars are tiny and red, barely lifting off the ground.

Word Web

저조한 투표율 저조한 성적 저조한 실적 저조한 참여 저조한 시청률 저조한 출산율 저조한 반응 저조한 사기

チャレンジ

Write three sentences about a failed business venture using the word '저조하다' in each sentence. Try to use it as both a predicate and a modifier.

語源

From the Hanja 低調 (저조). 低 (저) means 'low' and 調 (조) means 'tune', 'tone', or 'condition'. It originally described a low-pitched sound or a subdued atmosphere in music and literature.

元の意味： A low musical pitch or a subdued/quiet mood.

Sino-Korean

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this to describe a person's individual efforts, as it can sound very cold and purely result-oriented.

In English, we might say 'sluggish' or 'poor', but '저조하다' is more common in formal reports than its English counterparts might be in casual conversation.

News headlines regarding the '0.7 birth rate' often use this word. Sports commentary on the Korean national soccer team during a slump. Economic forecasts during the IMF crisis.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Business Meetings

실적이 저조합니다.
저조한 원인이 무엇입니까?
수익성이 저조한 사업을 정리합시다.
저조한 실적을 만회해야 합니다.

School/Education

성적이 저조한 학생.
참여도가 저조합니다.
학업 성취도가 저조해요.
저조한 출석률.

News/Politics

투표율이 저조할 것으로 예상됩니다.
지지율이 저조하게 나타났습니다.
출산율 저조 현상.
저조한 경제 성장률.

Sports Commentary

최근 득점력이 저조합니다.
팀의 사기가 저조해 보입니다.
저조한 야투 성공률.
컨디션이 저조하여 교체되었습니다.

Daily Life

오늘 기분이 좀 저조해.
반응이 너무 저조해서 민망했어.
참석자가 저조하면 어떡하지?
인기가 저조한 메뉴.

会話のきっかけ

"이번 선거 투표율이 왜 이렇게 저조할까요?"

"요즘 신제품 판매 실적이 저조해서 걱정이에요."

"우리 동호회 참여율이 저조한데, 어떻게 하면 좋을까요?"

"그 영화, 평점은 좋은데 흥행은 왜 저조한 걸까요?"

"최근에 사기가 저조해진 이유가 뭐라고 생각하세요?"

日記のテーマ

과거에 성적이 저조했을 때 어떻게 극복했는지 써 보세요.

우리 사회에서 참여가 저조한 분야는 무엇이며, 그 이유는 무엇일까요?

자신의 컨디션이 저조할 때 기분을 전환하는 방법을 공유해 보세요.

업무나 공부 실적이 저조할 때 스스로에게 어떤 조언을 해주나요?

출산율이 저조한 사회적 배경에 대해 자신의 생각을 정리해 보세요.

よくある質問

10 問

No. For physical height, you must use '작다' (small) or '낮다' (low). '저조하다' is only for performance or rates.

Yes, almost always. It implies that the current level is below what is desired or expected. You wouldn't use it for a low crime rate, for example (you'd use '낮다').

'부족하다' means something is 'lacking' or 'not enough' in quantity. '저조하다' means a 'rate' or 'performance' is low. You have '부족한 돈' (not enough money) but '저조한 수익' (low profit rate).

Only in technical contexts, like '저조한 강수량' (low precipitation), but generally you use '낮다' for temperature or '적다' for rain.

Yes, it is very common in TOPIK II (Intermediate/Advanced), especially in writing Task 53 where you describe graphs.

It describes a person's *results* or *condition*, not their personality. '저조한 학생' is a student with low grades, not a 'low-key' student.

You can say '사기가 저조하다', though '사기가 떨어지다' (morale is falling) is also very common.

It is 低 (Low) and 調 (Tone/Condition).

No. For volume, use '작다' (small/quiet) or '낮다' (low pitch).

Yes, it is considered a formal and professional word. In casual speech, people often just say '별로예요' or '안 좋아요'.

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