억누르다 30秒で
- 억누르다 means to suppress or hold back.
- Used for emotions, desires, or even physical pressure.
- Implies an active effort to contain something.
- Common in everyday conversations and media.
Understanding "억누르다" (Eok-nu-reu-da)
The Korean verb "억누르다" (eok-nu-reu-da) is a powerful word that describes the act of holding something back, particularly emotions, desires, or even physical pressure. It carries a sense of contained force, like trying to keep something from bursting out. Think of it as putting a lid on something that wants to escape.
- Core Meaning
- To suppress, to repress, to hold back, to restrain.
- Emotional Context
- Often used when someone is trying to control their feelings, such as anger, sadness, or excitement, preventing them from showing or expressing them openly.
- Physical Context
- Can also refer to physically pressing down on something to keep it in place or to reduce its impact.
When you feel angry, it's important not to just 억누르다 your feelings but to find healthy ways to express them.
People commonly use "억누르다" in situations where they are consciously trying to prevent an outward display of internal states. For example, if someone is hurt but doesn't want to cry in front of others, they might be trying to 억누르다 their tears. Similarly, if someone has a strong urge to say something, but decides against it for fear of causing trouble, they are 억누르다ing their words. The word implies an effort, a struggle against an impulse or a natural reaction. It's about control and containment. You might hear this in discussions about self-control, emotional maturity, or even in more dramatic contexts involving suppressed desires or secrets.
Beyond emotions, "억누르다" can also describe the act of suppressing or holding back physical forces. For instance, a brake system might be designed to 억누르다 the rotation of a wheel. However, in everyday conversation, its use leans heavily towards emotional and psychological suppression. It's a word that suggests a hidden struggle, a battle within oneself or against external pressures. Understanding this nuance helps in appreciating the depth of its meaning in various contexts.
Constructing Sentences with "억누르다"
"억누르다" is a verb, and like most Korean verbs, it conjugates to fit different tenses, moods, and politeness levels. The base form is 억누르다. When you want to use it in a sentence, you'll typically attach endings to its stem, which is 억누르-.
- Present Tense (Informal)
- 억눌러요 (eok-nul-leo-yo) - Used in polite, informal speech.
- Present Tense (Formal)
- 억누릅니다 (eok-nu-reum-ni-da) - Used in formal situations.
- Past Tense (Informal)
- 억눌렀어요 (eok-nul-leoss-eo-yo) - Used to describe an action that was completed in the past.
- Past Tense (Formal)
- 억눌렀습니다 (eok-nul-leoss-seum-ni-da) - Formal past tense.
- Future Tense (Informal)
- 억누를 거예요 (eok-nul-reul geo-ye-yo) - Expresses intent or prediction about suppressing something.
She tried to 억누르다 her laughter during the serious meeting.
When forming sentences, consider what is being suppressed. The object of suppression is often marked with the object particle 을/를. For instance, "감정을 억누르다" (gam-jeong-eul eok-nu-reu-da) means 'to suppress emotions'.
Let's look at some sentence structures:
- Subject + Object + 억누르다 (Present)
- 나는 슬픔을 억눌러요. (Na-neun seul-peum-eul eok-nul-leo-yo.) - I suppress my sadness.
- Subject + Object + 억누르다 (Past)
- 그는 분노를 억눌렀습니다. (Geu-neun bun-no-reul eok-nul-leoss-seum-ni-da.) - He suppressed his anger.
- Subject + Action + 억누르다 (Preventing an action)
- 말하고 싶었지만, 나는 입을 억눌렀다. (Mal-ha-go sip-eoss-ji-man, na-neun ip-eul eok-nul-leoss-da.) - I wanted to speak, but I held my tongue (suppressed my mouth).
It's hard to 억누르다 your excitement when you hear good news.
Pay attention to the context. Is the suppression internal or external? Is it about emotions, actions, or physical forces? This will guide you in choosing the right sentence structure and vocabulary to pair with "억누르다".
Real-World Usage of "억누르다"
You'll encounter "억누르다" in a variety of everyday situations and media. Its versatility allows it to describe both common human experiences and more dramatic scenarios.
- Conversations about Emotions
- Friends might discuss how difficult it is to 억누르다 sadness after a breakup, or how they try to 억누르다 their frustration when dealing with a difficult situation. It's a common way to talk about managing one's feelings.
- News and Current Events
- News reports might use it to describe how a government is trying to 억누르다 public dissent, or how a company is trying to 억누르다 negative publicity. This highlights the aspect of external control or suppression.
- Dramas and Movies
- In fictional narratives, characters often struggle to 억누르다 their true feelings, especially in romantic or conflict-driven plots. A character might be forced to 억누르다 their love or their desire for revenge.
- Self-Help and Psychology
- Books and articles on mental well-being might discuss the negative effects of constantly 억누르다ing emotions and encourage healthier coping mechanisms.
The protagonist had to 억누르다 her fear to save her friends.
You might also hear it in discussions about physical control, such as in sports commentary describing an athlete's effort to 억누르다 an opponent's momentum, or in technical contexts like engineering, where mechanisms are designed to 억누르다 vibrations. However, the most frequent use in everyday Korean is related to internal states, especially emotions.
In essence, "억누르다" is a word that captures the human capacity for self-control and the struggle against impulses, whether they are emotional, physical, or social. It's a word that adds depth to descriptions of internal conflict and external pressure.
Avoiding Pitfalls with "억누르다"
While "억누르다" is a useful verb, learners sometimes make mistakes in its application. Understanding these common errors can help you use it more accurately.
- Confusing with Similar Verbs
- Learners might confuse "억누르다" with verbs like "참다" (cham-da - to endure, to bear) or "막다" (mak-da - to block). While related, "억누르다" specifically implies pressing down or holding back with force, often with an internal struggle. "참다" is more about passively enduring, and "막다" is about physically blocking.
- Incorrect Object Marking
- "억누르다" typically takes an object, usually marked with the particle 을/를. Forgetting this particle or using the wrong one (like 이/가) can lead to ungrammatical sentences. For example, saying "감정이 억누르다" instead of "감정을 억누르다" is incorrect.
- Overuse in Physical Contexts
- While "억누르다" can be used for physical suppression, it's more commonly associated with emotional or psychological suppression. Using it for simple physical blocking might sound unnatural. For instance, instead of saying "문을 억누르다" (to suppress a door), "문을 닫다" (to close a door) or "문을 잠그다" (to lock a door) would be more appropriate.
- Incorrect Conjugation
- Like any verb, "억누르다" needs to be conjugated correctly. Mistakes in the stem (억누르-) or the endings (e.g., using 억누르아요 instead of 억눌러요) are common for beginners.
Mistake: I tried to 억누르다 my cry. (Incorrect object marking)
Correction: I tried to 억누르다 my tears. (Correct object marking)
It's also important to consider the nuance of 'effort'. "억누르다" implies a deliberate action to hold something back. If something is naturally contained or blocked, other verbs might be more suitable. For example, if a container is simply closed, you would use "닫다" (dad-da) rather than "억누르다". The latter suggests a struggle or a conscious effort to keep something contained.
Exploring Synonyms and Related Terms
Understanding words similar to "억누르다" can help you choose the most precise term for your intended meaning. Here are some related words and how they differ:
- 참다 (cham-da)
- Meaning: To endure, to bear, to tolerate, to hold back (pain, hunger, etc.).
- Difference: "참다" is more about passively enduring or tolerating something, often physical discomfort or unavoidable situations. "억누르다" implies a more active, forceful suppression, often of emotions or desires. You might "참다" hunger, but you "억누르다" anger.
- 막다 (mak-da)
- Meaning: To block, to prevent, to obstruct.
- Difference: "막다" is primarily about physically blocking something or preventing an action from happening. It doesn't carry the same connotation of internal struggle or emotional containment as "억누르다". For example, you "막다" a road or "막다" a disease.
- 누르다 (nu-reu-da)
- Meaning: To press, to push down.
- Difference: "누르다" is the base verb meaning 'to press'. "억누르다" is derived from it with the prefix "억-," which adds the sense of forceful suppression or holding back. You "누르다" a button, but you "억누르다" your feelings.
- 억제하다 (eok-je-ha-da)
- Meaning: To inhibit, to restrain, to suppress (often in a more formal or scientific context).
- Difference: "억제하다" is very similar to "억누르다" and can often be used interchangeably, especially when referring to suppressing emotions or urges. However, "억제하다" can sound slightly more formal or technical. It's often used in contexts like "식욕을 억제하다" (to suppress appetite) or "감정을 억제하다" (to inhibit emotions).
He had to 참다 the pain, but he had to 억누르다 his anger.
When choosing between "억누르다" and "억제하다", consider the level of formality. "억누르다" is generally more common in everyday conversation, while "억제하다" might be preferred in more formal writing or discussions. For physical actions, "누르다" is the direct term for pressing, while "억누르다" would imply pressing down with a specific intent to suppress or contain.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The prefix '억-' is also found in words like '억압하다' (to oppress) and '억제하다' (to inhibit), all of which relate to the idea of constraint, pressure, or forceful action. This prefix adds a layer of intensity to the base verb.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing '억' as a full 'ok' sound instead of a shorter 'uhk'.
- Making the '르' sound too strong or like a clear 'r' instead of a flap.
- Not stressing the first syllable sufficiently.
難易度
At the A2 level, learners will encounter "억누르다" in simple sentences describing emotional states or basic actions. Comprehension is generally straightforward, focusing on the core meaning of holding back.
Learners at this level can use "억누르다" in basic sentence structures, often with common objects like emotions. The challenge lies in correct conjugation and object marking.
Producing "억누르다" spontaneously might require practice, especially in conveying the nuanced effort of suppression. Learners can describe personal experiences using it with some preparation.
Recognizing "억누르다" in spoken Korean is achievable at A2, especially when the context clearly indicates suppression of emotions or actions. The pronunciation might require some attention.
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Object Particle 을/를
The verb '억누르다' usually takes a direct object. This object is marked with the particle '을' (after a consonant) or '를' (after a vowel). For example: 감정(emotion) + 을 = 감정을 억누르다. (Suppress emotions.)
Verb Conjugation (Present Tense - Informal Polite)
The verb stem '억누르-' combines with '-어요' to form '억눌러요'. This is a common and versatile conjugation for everyday speech. For example: 나는 슬픔을 억눌러요. (I suppress my sadness.)
Verb Conjugation (Past Tense - Informal Polite)
The past tense is formed by adding '-었/았-' to the stem. For '억누르-', it becomes '억눌렀어요'. For example: 그는 화를 억눌렀어요. (He suppressed his anger.)
Expressing Intent: -려고 하다
To express the intention or effort to suppress something, you can use the pattern '-려고 하다' with the verb stem. For example: 그녀는 웃음을 억누르려고 했다. (She tried to suppress her laughter.)
Describing a State: -어/아 있다
To describe a state where something is currently suppressed, you can use the '-어/아 있다' form. For example: 그의 재능은 억눌려 있다. (His talent is suppressed.)
レベル別の例文
숨을 억누르다.
To suppress one's breath.
Basic verb + object particle.
소리를 억누르다.
To suppress a sound.
Basic verb + object particle.
웃음을 억누르다.
To suppress laughter.
Basic verb + object particle.
눈물을 억누르다.
To suppress tears.
Basic verb + object particle.
마음을 억누르다.
To suppress one's heart/feelings.
Basic verb + object particle.
말을 억누르다.
To suppress words.
Basic verb + object particle.
분노를 억누르다.
To suppress anger.
Basic verb + object particle.
기쁨을 억누르다.
To suppress joy.
Basic verb + object particle.
그는 화를 억누르려고 노력했다.
He tried to suppress his anger.
Verb stem + -려고 노력하다 (to try to do something).
그녀는 슬픔을 억누르며 미소를 지었다.
She suppressed her sadness and smiled.
Verb stem + -며 (while doing something).
아이들은 큰 소리로 웃는 것을 억눌렀다.
The children suppressed their loud laughter.
Noun + verb stem + -는 것 (the act of doing something) + past tense.
나는 내 감정을 억누르는 것이 어렵다.
It is difficult for me to suppress my emotions.
Noun + verb stem + -는 것 (the act of doing something) + -이 어렵다 (is difficult).
그 소식을 듣고도 그는 아무렇지 않은 척 억눌렀다.
Hearing the news, he suppressed it, pretending to be unfazed.
Adverbial clause + verb stem + -은 척하다 (to pretend to).
그녀는 충동적으로 말하려는 것을 억눌렀다.
She suppressed the urge to speak impulsively.
Noun + verb stem + -려는 것 (the intention to do something) + past tense.
회사는 부정적인 소문을 억누르려고 했다.
The company tried to suppress negative rumors.
Noun + verb stem + -려고 하다 (to try to do something).
그는 자신의 실망감을 억누르며 다음 단계를 준비했다.
He suppressed his disappointment and prepared for the next step.
Noun + verb stem + -며 (while doing something).
그녀는 오랜 기간 동안 자신의 진정한 감정을 억눌러왔다.
She has been suppressing her true emotions for a long time.
Verb stem + -어/아왔다 (have been doing something).
사회적인 압력 때문에 많은 사람들이 자신의 개성을 억누르도록 강요받는다.
Due to social pressure, many people are forced to suppress their individuality.
Noun + verb stem + -도록 강요받다 (to be forced to do something).
억지로 감정을 억누르는 것은 정신 건강에 해로울 수 있다.
Forcibly suppressing emotions can be harmful to mental health.
Adverb + verb stem + -는 것 (the act of doing something) + -은/는 정신 건강에 해롭다 (is harmful to mental health).
그는 분노를 억누르고 침착하게 상황을 설명했다.
He suppressed his anger and calmly explained the situation.
Verb stem + -고 (and) + adverb + verb.
예술가들은 종종 사회의 규범에 의해 창의성을 억누르도록 요구받는다.
Artists are often required to suppress their creativity by societal norms.
Noun + verb stem + -도록 요구받다 (to be required to do something).
그는 자신의 야망을 억누르고 현실적인 목표에 집중하기로 결정했다.
He decided to suppress his ambition and focus on realistic goals.
Verb stem + -고 (and) + noun + verb stem + -기로 결정하다 (to decide to do something).
그녀는 과거의 상처를 억누르며 새로운 삶을 시작했다.
She suppressed past wounds and started a new life.
Noun + verb stem + -며 (while doing something).
정치인들은 종종 대중의 비판을 억누르기 위해 노력한다.
Politicians often try to suppress public criticism.
Noun + verb stem + -기 위해 노력하다 (to try to do something for the purpose of).
억압적인 체제 하에서 시민들은 자유로운 의사 표현을 억누르도록 강요받았다.
Under an oppressive regime, citizens were forced to suppress free expression of opinion.
Adjective + noun + -(으)로 + noun + verb stem + -도록 강요받다 (to be forced to do something).
그의 내면 깊숙한 곳에는 억누를 수 없는 분노가 소용돌이치고 있었다.
Deep within him, an irrepressible anger was swirling.
Adverb + noun + -ㄹ 수 없다 (cannot do something) + verb stem + -는 (adjective modifier) + noun + verb stem + -고 있었다 (was doing something).
예술은 종종 억압된 욕망과 감정을 표현하는 수단으로 작용한다.
Art often serves as a means to express suppressed desires and emotions.
Adjective + noun + noun + verb stem + -는 수단으로 작용하다 (serves as a means to do something).
그는 자신의 죄책감을 억누르기 위해 끊임없이 자신을 몰아붙였다.
He constantly pushed himself to suppress his guilt.
Noun + verb stem + -기 위해 + adverb + verb stem + -붙이다 (to attach/apply, here meaning to push oneself).
역사적으로, 많은 문화권에서 여성의 목소리는 억눌려왔다.
Historically, in many cultures, women's voices have been suppressed.
Adverb + noun + -에서 + noun + verb stem + -어/아왔다 (have been doing something).
그는 타인에게 자신의 약점을 보이지 않으려고 모든 감정을 억눌렀다.
He suppressed all emotions so as not to show his weaknesses to others.
Noun + -에게 + noun + -을/를 보이지 않으려고 (in order not to show) + noun + verb stem.
현대 사회는 개인에게 끊임없이 이상적인 모습만을 억누르도록 요구하는 경향이 있다.
Modern society tends to constantly demand individuals suppress only ideal appearances.
Adjective + noun + -에게 + adverb + adjective + noun + -만을 억누르도록 요구하는 경향이 있다 (tends to demand to suppress only).
기업들은 종종 소비자의 불만을 억누르고 긍정적인 이미지만을 홍보하려 한다.
Corporations often try to suppress consumer complaints and promote only a positive image.
Noun + -들 + 종종 + noun + -을/를 억누르고 + adjective + noun + -만을 홍보하려 하다 (try to promote only).
그의 작품은 억압된 사회적 억압과 그로 인해 발생하는 내면의 갈등을 섬세하게 묘사한다.
His work delicately portrays suppressed societal oppression and the resulting internal conflicts.
Adjective + adjective + noun + verb stem + -과 + adjective + noun + verb stem + -는 (adjective modifier) + noun + verb stem + -ㄴ다.
금기시되었던 주제에 대한 탐구는 억압된 진실을 드러내는 데 필수적이다.
The exploration of taboo subjects is essential for revealing suppressed truths.
Adjective + noun + -에 대한 + noun + -은/는 + adjective + noun + -을/를 드러내는 데 필수적이다 (is essential for revealing).
개인의 자유를 억누르는 전체주의 정권은 필연적으로 저항에 직면하게 된다.
Totalitarian regimes that suppress individual freedom inevitably face resistance.
Noun + noun + -을/를 억누르는 + adjective + noun + -은/는 + adverb + noun + -에 직면하게 된다 (inevitably face).
그녀는 억압된 트라우마를 극복하기 위해 수년간의 심리 치료를 받았다.
She underwent years of psychotherapy to overcome suppressed trauma.
Adjective + noun + -을/를 극복하기 위해 + noun + -의 + noun + -을/를 받았다 (received).
대중 매체는 종종 사회의 불안감을 억누르고 안정을 가장하는 역할을 한다.
Mass media often plays a role in suppressing societal anxieties and feigning stability.
Noun + 종종 + noun + -의 + noun + -을/를 억누르고 + noun + -을/를 가장하는 역할을 한다 (plays a role in feigning).
억눌린 감정은 무의식적으로 개인의 행동과 관계에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
Suppressed emotions can unconsciously affect an individual's behavior and relationships.
Adjective + noun + -은/는 + adverb + noun + -과 + noun + -에 영향을 미칠 수 있다 (can affect).
그는 억압적인 가정 환경 속에서 자신의 재능을 억누르며 성장해야 했다.
He had to grow up suppressing his talents in an oppressive family environment.
Adjective + adjective + noun + -속에서 + noun + noun + -을/를 억누르며 + verb stem + -어야 했다 (had to do).
역사는 종종 승자의 관점에서 기록되어 패자의 목소리는 억눌리곤 한다.
History is often recorded from the victor's perspective, and the voices of the vanquished tend to be suppressed.
Noun + 종종 + noun + -의 + noun + -은/는 + verb stem + -곤 한다 (tend to do).
그의 심리 분석은 억압된 유아기 경험이 성인기의 신경증적 증상으로 발현되는 복잡한 과정을 파헤친다.
His psychoanalysis delves into the complex process by which suppressed infantile experiences manifest as neurotic symptoms in adulthood.
Adjective + adjective + noun + noun + verb stem + -이 + noun + -로 + noun + -으로 + verb stem + -는 + adjective + noun + verb stem + -ㄴ다.
포스트모더니즘 비평은 종종 억압된 권력 구조와 텍스트 내재의 헤게모니를 해체하는 데 초점을 맞춘다.
Postmodern criticism often focuses on deconstructing suppressed power structures and the hegemony inherent within texts.
Adjective + noun + noun + -은/는 + verb stem + -된 + noun + noun + -과 + noun + -내재의 + noun + -을/를 + verb stem + -는 데 초점을 맞춘다 (focuses on deconstructing).
억압된 집단 기억은 사회적 트라우마의 형태로 잠재되어 있다가 특정 사건에 의해 촉발될 수 있다.
Suppressed collective memory lies dormant in the form of social trauma and can be triggered by specific events.
Adjective + adjective + noun + -은/는 + noun + noun + -의 + -으로 + adjective + 있다가 + adjective + noun + -에 + verb stem + -ㄹ 수 있다 (can be triggered).
그의 문학 작품은 억압된 욕망과 금지된 쾌락에 대한 탐구를 통해 인간 심리의 어두운 측면을 드러낸다.
His literary works reveal the darker aspects of human psychology through the exploration of suppressed desires and forbidden pleasures.
Noun + noun + -은/는 + adjective + noun + -과 + adjective + noun + -에 대한 + noun + -을/를 + verb stem + -을/를 통해 + noun + noun + -의 + adjective + noun + -을/를 드러낸다 (reveals).
문화적 헤게모니는 종종 소수 집단의 목소리를 억누르고 지배적인 서사를 강화하는 데 기여한다.
Cultural hegemony often contributes to suppressing the voices of minority groups and reinforcing dominant narratives.
Adjective + noun + -은/는 + adverb + noun + noun + -의 + noun + -을/를 억누르고 + adjective + noun + -을/를 강화하는 데 기여한다 (contributes to reinforcing).
억압된 역사적 진실은 종종 은폐되거나 왜곡되지만, 궁극적으로는 드러나기 마련이다.
Suppressed historical truths are often concealed or distorted, but they inevitably come to light.
Adjective + adjective + noun + -은/는 + adverb + -되거나 + verb stem + -지만, + adverb + verb stem + -기 마련이다 (inevitably happens).
개인의 자기 검열과 사회적 압력은 복합적으로 작용하여 창의성과 비판적 사고를 억누른다.
Individual self-censorship and social pressure act in combination to suppress creativity and critical thinking.
Noun + noun + -과 + adjective + noun + -은/는 + adverb + verb stem + -어 + verb stem + -어 + verb stem + -ㄴ다.
억압된 무의식적 충동은 꿈이나 신경증적 증상을 통해 간접적으로 표출될 수 있다.
Suppressed unconscious impulses can be indirectly expressed through dreams or neurotic symptoms.
Adjective + adjective + noun + -은/는 + noun + -이나 + adjective + noun + -을/를 통해 + adverb + verb stem + -ㄹ 수 있다 (can be expressed).
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Is suppressing (ongoing action). Describes a current state of holding back emotions or impulses.
지금 그는 자신의 감정을 억누르고 있다. (Right now, he is suppressing his emotions.)
— To try to suppress. Indicates an effort or intention to hold something back.
나는 그 슬픈 기억을 억누르려고 노력했다. (I tried to suppress that sad memory.)
— Is suppressed (state). Describes a situation where something has been held back and is currently in a suppressed state.
그녀의 재능은 오랫동안 억눌려 있었다. (Her talent had been suppressed for a long time.)
— Cannot suppress. Indicates a failure to hold back emotions or impulses.
결국 그는 웃음을 억누르지 못했다. (In the end, he couldn't suppress his laughter.)
— After suppressing. Describes an action that follows the act of suppression.
분노를 억누르고 나서, 그는 차분하게 말했다. (After suppressing his anger, he spoke calmly.)
— Want to suppress. Expresses a desire to hold something back.
이런 감정은 억누르고 싶지 않다. (I don't want to suppress these feelings.)
— Suppressing power/force. Refers to the strength or ability to hold something back.
그는 강한 억누르는 힘을 가지고 있다. (He has a strong suppressing power.)
— Difficult to suppress. Indicates that holding something back is challenging.
너무 슬퍼서 눈물을 억누르기 어려웠다. (I found it difficult to suppress my tears because I was so sad.)
— To live while suppressing. Describes a life of constant restraint.
그녀는 평생 자신의 꿈을 억누르며 살았다. (She lived her whole life suppressing her dreams.)
— In order to suppress. Indicates the purpose of an action is suppression.
그는 마음을 억누르기 위해 명상을 했다. (He meditated in order to suppress his mind.)
よく混同される語
While both involve holding back, '참다' is more about passive endurance (like enduring pain or hunger), whereas '억누르다' implies a more active, forceful effort to suppress, especially emotions or desires.
'막다' means to block or prevent, typically in a physical sense. '억누르다' is more about internal containment or forceful suppression, not just simple blocking.
Very similar and often interchangeable, '억제하다' can sound slightly more formal or technical, often used in scientific or psychological contexts. '억누르다' is more common in general conversation.
慣用句と表現
— To bury something in one's heart. This idiom means to keep a secret or a painful feeling hidden deep inside, essentially suppressing it and not revealing it to anyone.
그녀는 아픈 기억을 가슴에 묻고 살았다. (She lived her life with her painful memories buried in her heart.)
Neutral— To cover one's mouth. Literally, it means to physically cover one's mouth, but it can idiomatically mean to suppress one's words or prevent oneself from speaking out, often due to shock, surprise, or a desire to hold back an exclamation.
그 소식을 듣고 너무 놀라 입을 틀어막았다. (Hearing the news, I was so surprised that I covered my mouth.)
Neutral— To let something fester or simmer internally. This idiom implies suppressing strong emotions like anger or resentment, allowing them to build up inside without outward expression.
그는 화가 났지만, 겉으로는 아무렇지 않은 척 속으로 삭였다. (He was angry, but he pretended nothing was wrong and let it simmer inside.)
Neutral— To compose oneself, to pull oneself together. This phrase describes the act of regaining control over one's emotions after being upset or overwhelmed, which involves suppressing those turbulent feelings.
중요한 발표를 앞두고 마음을 다잡아야 했다. (I had to compose myself before the important presentation.)
Neutral— To force a smile, to laugh even if one doesn't feel like it. This idiom highlights the act of suppressing one's true feelings (sadness, pain) and putting on a brave or happy face.
힘들었지만, 그는 억지로라도 웃으며 상황을 넘겼다. (It was tough, but he forced a smile and got through the situation.)
Neutral— To weigh heavily on one's heart. This describes a feeling of intense sadness, worry, or pressure that feels like a physical weight, implying a suppressed emotional burden.
그녀의 걱정은 그녀의 가슴을 짓눌렀다. (Her worries weighed heavily on her heart.)
Neutral— To swallow one's words. This idiom means to refrain from saying something, often because it might be hurtful, inappropriate, or cause trouble. It's a form of suppressing speech.
그는 하고 싶은 말이 많았지만, 결국 말을 삼켰다. (He had a lot he wanted to say, but in the end, he swallowed his words.)
Neutral— To suppress emotions. This is a very direct and common idiom that uses '누르다' (to press) to express the act of holding back feelings.
그녀는 슬픔을 감정을 누르며 꿋꿋하게 버텼다. (She bravely endured by suppressing her sadness.)
Neutral— To suppress one's heart/mind. Similar to '가슴에 묻다', this idiom emphasizes the internal effort to control one's feelings or desires.
그는 자신의 야망을 마음을 억누르기로 했다. (He decided to suppress his ambition.)
Neutral— To suppress indignation or resentment. This idiom combines the idea of enduring (참다) with a strong negative emotion (울분), indicating a difficult act of suppression.
그는 억울했지만, 울분을 참아야만 했다. (He was wronged, but he had to suppress his indignation.)
Neutral間違えやすい
Both '억누르다' and '참다' mean to hold back, making them easily confused.
'억누르다' implies an active, forceful effort to suppress, often emotions or desires, like pressing down on something. '참다' is more about passive endurance or tolerance, like bearing pain or hunger without outward complaint. You '참다' hunger, but you '억누르다' anger.
나는 배고픔을 참았다. (I endured my hunger.) vs. 나는 분노를 억눌렀다. (I suppressed my anger.)
Both '억누르다' and '막다' involve stopping something.
'억누르다' means to suppress or hold back, often internally or with emotional force. '막다' means to block or prevent, usually in a physical sense, like blocking a path or a hole. '억누르다' is about containment, while '막다' is about obstruction.
그는 자신의 감정을 억눌렀다. (He suppressed his emotions.) vs. 그는 수도꼭지를 막았다. (He blocked the faucet.)
Both '억누르다' and '감추다' involve not showing something.
'억누르다' focuses on the active, forceful effort to prevent something (like emotions or desires) from emerging or being expressed. '감추다' simply means to hide or conceal something, making it invisible. You '억누르다' a feeling, and you '감추다' an object.
그녀는 슬픔을 억눌렀다. (She suppressed her sadness.) vs. 그는 선물을 감췄다. (He hid the gift.)
Both '억누르다' and '분출하다' relate to emotions but are opposites.
'억누르다' is to suppress or hold back emotions forcefully. '분출하다' means to erupt, vent, or release strong emotions or energy. They represent opposite actions: containment versus release.
그녀는 눈물을 억눌렀다. (She suppressed her tears.) vs. 그는 결국 울분을 분출했다. (He finally vented his indignation.)
Both '억누르다' and '표출하다' relate to emotions, but one is suppression and the other is expression.
'억누르다' means to suppress or hold back emotions. '표출하다' means to express or manifest emotions. They are antonyms in the context of emotional display.
그는 자신의 감정을 억누르려고 했다. (He tried to suppress his emotions.) vs. 그는 자신의 감정을 솔직하게 표출했다. (He honestly expressed his emotions.)
文型パターン
Subject + Object + 억누르다 (Present Tense)
나는 내 감정을 억누른다. (I suppress my emotions.)
Subject + Object + 억누르다 (Past Tense)
그녀는 웃음을 억눌렀다. (She suppressed her laughter.)
Subject + Object + 억누르려고 하다
아이들은 소리를 억누르려고 했다. (The children tried to suppress the noise.)
Subject + Object + 억눌려 있다
그의 재능은 오랫동안 억눌려 있었다. (His talent had been suppressed for a long time.)
Verb stem + -며 Object + 억누르다
그는 분노를 억누르며 침착하게 말했다. (He suppressed his anger and spoke calmly.)
Subject + Object + -는 것을 억누르다
그는 타인의 시선을 억누르는 것을 배웠다. (He learned to suppress the gaze of others.)
Subject + Object + -도록 억누르다
사회는 종종 개인의 독창성을 억누르도록 요구한다. (Society often demands that individual originality be suppressed.)
Noun + -을/를 억누르는 Subject + Verb
억압된 진실을 억누르는 것은 결국 더 큰 문제를 야기한다. (Suppressing suppressed truths ultimately causes bigger problems.)
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
High
-
Using 억누르다 for simple blocking.
→
When physically blocking something, use '막다'. '억누르다' is for forceful containment, often internal.
Saying '문을 억누르다' (to suppress a door) is incorrect. Use '문을 닫다' (to close a door) or '문을 막다' (to block a door if it's being held open). '억누르다' implies a struggle against something trying to come out.
-
Forgetting the object particle (을/를).
→
Always attach '을' or '를' to the object being suppressed. For example, '감정<strong>을</strong> 억누르다'.
The verb '억누르다' requires a direct object. Omitting the particle makes the sentence grammatically incorrect. For instance, '나는 슬픔 억누른다' is wrong; it should be '나는 슬픔<strong>을</strong> 억누른다'.
-
Confusing 억누르다 with 참다.
→
Use '억누르다' for active, forceful suppression of emotions/desires. Use '참다' for passive endurance of discomfort or unavoidable situations.
'억누르다' suggests a struggle against an impulse, like holding back laughter. '참다' is more about bearing something, like enduring a long wait. The effort is different.
-
Incorrect conjugation of the verb stem.
→
The stem is '억누르-'. Ensure correct conjugation, e.g., '억눌러요' (present informal polite), not '억누르어요'.
The vowel harmony rule applies: '누르' + '어요' becomes '눌러요' because '우' precedes '어'. This is a common conjugation pattern for verbs ending in '-르'.
-
Using 억누르다 when '표출하다' or '분출하다' is more appropriate.
→
If the action is about expressing or releasing emotions, use '표출하다' (express) or '분출하다' (vent/erupt). '억누르다' is the opposite.
'억누르다' is about containment. If the context implies letting emotions out, using '억누르다' would be incorrect. For example, after a long period of suppression, one might '분출하다' their anger.
ヒント
Mastering the '억' Sound
The initial '억' (eok) in '억누르다' is crucial. It's a short, sharp sound, similar to 'uhk'. Practice saying it with a slight effort, as if you're trying to push something down, which aligns with the word's meaning. Avoid pronouncing it as a full 'ok'.
Active Effort is Key
'억누르다' emphasizes an active, conscious effort to hold something back. Use it when describing a struggle or deliberate action to contain emotions, desires, or impulses, rather than just a passive state of being held back.
Emotional Nuances
This word is heavily associated with emotional states. When discussing feelings, consider if the character is actively trying to contain them. If so, '억누르다' is a precise choice. Think about the intensity of the emotion being suppressed.
Object Particle Mastery
Remember to use the object particles '을' or '를' after the noun that is being suppressed. For example, '감정을 억누르다' (suppress emotions). This is a fundamental grammatical point for correct usage.
Explore Related Terms
Learn related words like '억압하다' (to oppress) and '억제하다' (to inhibit). Understanding their nuances will enrich your vocabulary and help you choose the most appropriate word for different situations.
Visual and Auditory Cues
Use the mnemonic of 'uhk!' effort to press down. Visualize someone straining to keep a lid on a bubbling pot. Connecting the sound and the visual action can significantly aid memory retention.
Cultural Significance
Recognize that in Korean culture, maintaining harmony often involves emotional restraint. '억누르다' reflects this, so understanding its cultural context can help you grasp its deeper implications in conversations and media.
Sentence Building Practice
Create your own sentences using '억누르다' in various tenses and contexts. Try describing personal experiences or fictional scenarios. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Distinguishing from '참다'
Always differentiate '억누르다' (active suppression) from '참다' (passive endurance). If someone is actively fighting to keep an emotion from showing, use '억누르다'. If they are simply bearing it, '참다' might be more appropriate.
Real-World Application
Listen for '억누르다' in dramas, movies, and conversations. Pay attention to how native speakers use it to describe characters' internal struggles or societal pressures. This will provide authentic examples for your own learning.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine trying to '억' (eok - like 'uh-oh'!) hold down a very heavy object that's trying to '누르다' (nu-reu-da - push up). The '억' sound represents your effort and the '누르다' is the action of pressing down to suppress it. Think of saying 'Uh-oh, I need to press this down!'
視覚的連想
Picture a person with immense effort, pressing down with both hands on a lid that is about to burst open. The lid is labeled with emotions like 'Anger', 'Sadness', or 'Joy'. The person's face shows strain, symbolizing the act of suppression.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe a situation where you had to hold back a strong emotion, using the word '억누르다' in your explanation. Focus on the effort involved in the suppression.
語源
The word "억누르다" is a compound verb formed by combining the prefix "억-" (eok-) with the verb "누르다" (nu-reu-da). The prefix "억-" often carries a sense of forceful action, pressure, or intensity.
元の意味： Literally, it means 'to press down forcefully' or 'to press down with great effort'. The '억' part emphasizes the intensity and deliberate nature of the pressing action.
Koreanic文化的な背景
When discussing "억누르다" in relation to trauma or mental health, it's important to be sensitive. Constantly suppressing emotions can be detrimental, and the word itself can sometimes imply a negative consequence if the suppression is unhealthy or prolonged.
In English-speaking cultures, while suppression of emotions exists, there's also a stronger emphasis on open expression and individuality, particularly in psychological discourse. Concepts like 'bottling up feelings' or 'keeping a stiff upper lip' are related, but '억누르다' often carries a more active, forceful connotation of internal containment.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Describing personal feelings and emotional struggles.
- 감정을 억누르다
- 슬픔을 억누르다
- 화나는 것을 억누르다
Discussing social situations and personal conduct.
- 웃음을 억누르다
- 목소리를 억누르다
- 말을 억누르다
Analyzing characters' motivations in stories or movies.
- 그는 자신의 욕망을 억눌렀다.
- 그녀는 트라우마를 억누르고 있었다.
Talking about self-control and discipline.
- 자신을 억누르다
- 억누르기 어렵다
- 억누르고 싶지 않다
Describing situations where something is physically held back (less common).
- 압력을 억누르다
- 소리를 억누르다
会話のきっかけ
"Have you ever had to suppress your laughter in a serious situation? What happened?"
"What do you do when you feel angry? Do you try to suppress it, or express it?"
"Is it better to suppress difficult emotions or to express them openly? Why?"
"Can you think of a character in a movie or book who constantly suppresses their feelings?"
"What are some common ways people try to suppress their sadness?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you had to suppress your true feelings. What were the circumstances, and how did it make you feel afterwards?
Reflect on the importance of emotional expression versus suppression. When is it healthy to suppress emotions, and when is it harmful?
Write about a character who is forced to suppress their individuality or desires due to societal pressure. How do they cope?
Imagine you have a secret that you must suppress. How does this affect your daily life and your interactions with others?
What are your personal strategies for managing strong emotions that you might feel the urge to suppress?
よくある質問
10 問The main difference lies in the nature of the action. '억누르다' implies an active, forceful effort to suppress something, often emotions or desires, like pressing down. '참다' is more about passive endurance or tolerance, like bearing pain or hunger without complaint. You '참다' hunger, but you '억누르다' anger.
While '억누르다' is most commonly used for emotions and psychological states, it can also be used for physical suppression, though less frequently in everyday conversation. For example, a machine might be designed to '억누르다' excessive pressure. However, for simple physical blocking, verbs like '막다' (to block) are more common.
The verb is formed from '억-' (a prefix indicating forceful action or intensity) and '누르다' (to press down). So, literally, it means 'to press down forcefully' or 'to suppress with great effort'.
Not necessarily. Sometimes, suppressing emotions temporarily can be necessary for social harmony, safety, or to maintain focus in difficult situations. However, chronic or unhealthy suppression of emotions can be detrimental to mental and physical health.
The verb stem is '억누르-'. For the present tense informal polite, it becomes '억눌러요'. The past tense is '억눌렀어요'. The future tense is '억누를 거예요'. Remember to follow standard Korean verb conjugation rules.
Common objects include emotions like '감정' (emotions), '슬픔' (sadness), '분노' (anger), '기쁨' (joy); physical reactions like '웃음' (laughter), '눈물' (tears), '목소리' (voice), '소리' (sound); and abstract concepts like '욕망' (desire), '생각' (thought), or '충동' (impulse).
Yes, the related noun forms are '억압' (oppression, suppression) and '억제' (inhibition, restraint). You might also see the gerund form '억누르기' which means 'suppressing' (as an action).
'억제하다' is very similar and often interchangeable with '억누르다', especially when talking about emotions or urges. However, '억제하다' can sound slightly more formal or technical, often used in scientific or medical contexts. '억누르다' is more common in general conversation.
Imagine trying to '억' (eok - like a grunt of effort) '누르다' (nu-reu-da - press down) a heavy object trying to escape. The '억' sound represents the effort, and '누르다' is the action of pressing down to suppress it.
Certainly. In news reporting or formal discussions, you might hear: '정부는 사회적 불안을 억누르기 위해 적극적인 조치를 취했다.' (The government took active measures to suppress social unrest.)
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Summary
억누르다 describes the active effort to suppress or hold back something, most commonly emotions or desires, preventing their outward expression or release.
- 억누르다 means to suppress or hold back.
- Used for emotions, desires, or even physical pressure.
- Implies an active effort to contain something.
- Common in everyday conversations and media.
Mastering the '억' Sound
The initial '억' (eok) in '억누르다' is crucial. It's a short, sharp sound, similar to 'uhk'. Practice saying it with a slight effort, as if you're trying to push something down, which aligns with the word's meaning. Avoid pronouncing it as a full 'ok'.
Active Effort is Key
'억누르다' emphasizes an active, conscious effort to hold something back. Use it when describing a struggle or deliberate action to contain emotions, desires, or impulses, rather than just a passive state of being held back.
Emotional Nuances
This word is heavily associated with emotional states. When discussing feelings, consider if the character is actively trying to contain them. If so, '억누르다' is a precise choice. Think about the intensity of the emotion being suppressed.
Object Particle Mastery
Remember to use the object particles '을' or '를' after the noun that is being suppressed. For example, '감정을 억누르다' (suppress emotions). This is a fundamental grammatical point for correct usage.
関連コンテンツ
emotionsの関連語
받아들이다
A2受け入れる、受容する、承諾する。
아파하다
A2（他人が）痛がる、苦しむ、悲しむ。
감탄스럽다
A2彼の絶え間ない努力は本当に感嘆に値します。
감탄
A2Admiration or marvel; a feeling of wonder.
감탄하다
A2感嘆する、感心する。優れたものや美しいものを見て、深く心を動かされること。
기특하다
B1感心だ。殊勝だ。幼い者が立派なことをした時に使う言葉。
충고
B1将来の慎重な行動に関して提供される指導や勧告。忠告、アドバイス。
애정
B1愛情；慈しみ、かわいがる心。
애틋하다
B2二人の切なくも愛おしい愛は皆を感動させた。
살갑다
B22
