When you're speaking Dutch at a B2 level, you'll sometimes encounter the word 'diens'. It's a pronoun that essentially means 'belonging to that person' or 'his/hers'. Think of it as a slightly more formal way to say 'zijn' (his) or 'haar' (her) when referring to something specific that belongs to a previously mentioned individual.
For example, if you've been talking about Jan and then want to say 'Jan's book', you could say 'diens boek' instead of 'zijn boek'. It often adds a touch of elegance or precision to your sentence, making it clear whose possession you're discussing without having to repeat their name or use a more common possessive pronoun.
While you might not use it in everyday casual conversations, understanding 'diens' is key to comprehending more formal texts or nuanced discussions in Dutch, helping you to follow who owns what in a sentence without confusion.
When you're talking about something belonging to a male person or an object that is grammatically masculine, you use 'diens'. It's like saying 'his' or 'of him' when referring back to a previously mentioned masculine noun or person. For example, if you've just talked about a man, you might then say 'diens auto' (his car).
It's important to remember that 'diens' is less common in everyday spoken Dutch now, and you'll often hear 'zijn' instead. However, you'll still encounter 'diens' in written Dutch, especially in more formal contexts or older texts. So, it's good to recognize it.
When you encounter the word diens in Dutch, it's often functioning as a possessive pronoun, similar to 'his' or 'her' in English, but with a specific nuance. It refers back to a masculine singular noun that has just been mentioned, implying 'belonging to that person' or 'of that one'.
For example, if you're talking about a man and then refer to something belonging to him, you might use 'diens'. It's a more formal or somewhat archaic way of expressing possession compared to the more common 'zijn' (his) or 'haar' (her).
You'll frequently see it in legal texts, older literature, or in contexts where precision about the antecedent is important, especially when avoiding ambiguity with 'zijn' which can sometimes refer to 'his' or 'its'. Understanding diens helps you grasp the subtle differences in formal Dutch and appreciate the precision it offers in certain linguistic situations.
発音ガイド
- confusing with 'dienst' (service)
- overusing in informal speech
難易度
Understanding the context of 'diens' requires grammatical awareness.
Correctly applying 'diens' in writing needs practice with its specific usage.
Less common in spoken Dutch compared to 'zijn/haar', but good to recognize.
Can be easily confused with other words if not paying close attention to context.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
'Diens' is a possessive pronoun used for masculine or neuter singular nouns, meaning 'his' or 'its'. It's more formal than 'zijn'.
De man en diens hond. (The man and his dog.)
'Diens' is typically used to avoid ambiguity when there are multiple potential antecedents for 'zijn' in a sentence.
De student gaf de professor diens boek. (The student gave the professor his [the professor's] book.)
It agrees in gender and number with the *possessor*, not the possessed item.
De vrouw en diens auto. (Incorrect: 'vrouw' is feminine, should be 'haar'.)
'Diens' can also be used as a relative possessive pronoun, similar to 'whose' in English, but often rephrased in Dutch.
De man diens mening ik respecteer. (The man whose opinion I respect. More common: De man wiens mening ik respecteer.)
In modern Dutch, 'diens' is considered quite formal and is less common in everyday spoken language, often replaced by 'zijn' or rephrasing.
De directeur en zijn secretaresse. (The director and his secretary. More common than 'diens' here.)
レベル別の例文
De jongen pakte diens boek.
The boy picked up his book (referring to someone else's book).
Here, 'diens' refers to a masculine singular noun that was previously mentioned or is clear from context.
Zij luisterde naar diens verhaal.
She listened to her story (referring to someone else's story).
'Diens' can also refer to a feminine singular noun.
De docent corrigeerde diens fouten.
The teacher corrected his/her mistakes (referring to the student's mistakes).
This shows 'diens' as a possessive pronoun, similar to 'his' or 'her'.
Wij bezochten diens huis.
We visited his/her house (referring to someone else's house).
It indicates possession by a third person, singular.
Hij bewonderde diens moed.
He admired his/her courage (referring to someone else's courage).
Often used in more formal contexts or to avoid repetition.
De studente nam diens advies ter harte.
The student took his/her advice to heart (referring to someone else's advice).
It helps to specify whose advice it is without ambiguity if multiple people are involved.
Ik las diens brief met interesse.
I read his/her letter with interest (referring to someone else's letter).
This highlights the ownership of the letter.
De politicus sprak over diens plannen.
The politician spoke about his/her plans (referring to the politician's own plans).
Sometimes used reflexively, referring back to the subject of the sentence itself, but usually for emphasis or formality.
De jongen pakte diens bal.
The boy picked up his [that boy's] ball.
De vrouw zocht diens sleutels.
The woman looked for her [that woman's] keys.
De docent bekeek diens werk.
The teacher looked at his/her [that teacher's] work.
Het bedrijf vierde diens jubileum.
The company celebrated its [that company's] anniversary.
De man opende diens boek.
The man opened his [that man's] book.
Het meisje vond diens pen.
The girl found her [that girl's] pen.
De voorzitter gaf diens mening.
The chairman gave his [that chairman's] opinion.
De stad toonde diens geschiedenis.
The city showed its [that city's] history.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
Ik heb diens paraplu geleend.
I borrowed his umbrella.
Ze waardeert diens hulp zeer.
She highly appreciates his help.
Dit is diens favoriete liedje.
This is his favorite song.
Diens woorden waren erg bemoedigend.
His words were very encouraging.
Kunt u diens adres opgeven?
Can you provide his address?
We hebben diens besluit geaccepteerd.
We accepted his decision.
Diens prestaties zijn indrukwekkend.
His achievements are impressive.
Ik heb diens telefoonnummer verloren.
I lost his phone number.
Diens gezondheid is achteruitgegaan.
His health has deteriorated.
We moeten diens advies volgen.
We should follow his advice.
よく混同される語
'Dienst' is a noun meaning 'service', often confused with the archaic pronoun 'diens' due to similar spelling. 'Dienst' is very common in modern Dutch.
'Dan' means 'then' or 'than'. It's often confused with 'als' (as/if/when) because both can be used in comparisons, but 'dan' is specifically for inequality (e.g., 'groter dan' - bigger than).
'Als' means 'as', 'if', or 'when'. It's confused with 'dan' because both are used in comparisons, but 'als' is for equality or similarity (e.g., 'even groot als' - as big as).
慣用句と表現
"iets in diens kielzog doen"
to do something in someone's wake (following someone's lead or example)
De nieuwe startup hoopte in diens kielzog van de succesvolle techgigant te opereren.
neutral"diens wederhelft"
one's better half (referring to a spouse or partner)
Hij stelde me voor aan diens wederhelft tijdens het diner.
formal"diens belangen behartigen"
to look after one's interests (to advocate for someone)
De advocaat zal diens belangen in de rechtbank behartigen.
formal"op diens wenken bedienen"
to cater to one's every whim (to serve someone eagerly and completely)
De ober stond klaar om de gasten op diens wenken te bedienen.
neutral"diens woord is wet"
one's word is law (someone's decisions are final and must be obeyed)
In dit bedrijf is diens woord wet; er is geen discussie mogelijk.
neutral"diens deel bijdragen"
to contribute one's share (to do one's part)
Iedereen moest diens deel bijdragen aan het project om het te laten slagen.
neutral"diens dagen slijten"
to spend one's days (to live out one's life)
Hij hoopte diens dagen in vrede en rust door te brengen na zijn pensioen.
formal"iets op diens naam hebben staan"
to have something to one's name (to own something or have accomplished something)
Ze had al twee succesvolle boeken op diens naam staan.
neutral"diens sporen nalaten"
to leave one's mark (to have a lasting impact)
De kunstenaar heeft diens sporen nagelaten in de moderne schilderkunst.
neutral"diens zinnen zetten op"
to set one's mind on (to be determined to achieve something)
Ze heeft diens zinnen gezet op die promotie en zal er alles aan doen om die te krijgen.
neutral間違えやすい
'Diens' is an archaic Dutch pronoun meaning 'his' or 'its', which can be confusing because it looks similar to the modern Dutch word 'dienst' (service). Additionally, its use as a genitive pronoun is uncommon in everyday speech.
While 'diens' refers to possession by a male or neuter singular noun (his/its), 'dienst' is a noun meaning service. In modern Dutch, 'zijn' is used for 'his' or 'its'.
Dit is de auto diens motor kapot is. (This is the car whose engine is broken. - Archaic, more common: Dit is de auto waarvan de motor kapot is.)
The definite article 'de' is used for masculine, feminine, and plural nouns, which can be confusing for English speakers who are used to a single 'the' for all nouns. Deciding when to use 'de' versus 'het' is a common point of confusion.
'De' is used for common gender nouns (masculine and feminine) and all plural nouns. 'Het' is used for neuter singular nouns.
De man (The man), De vrouw (The woman), De kinderen (The children)
Similar to 'de', 'het' is a definite article but specifically for neuter singular nouns. Its usage can be tricky as the gender of Dutch nouns is not always intuitive for learners.
'Het' is used for neuter singular nouns. 'De' is used for common gender nouns and all plural nouns.
Het huis (The house), Het boek (The book)
'Zijn' can mean 'his' (possessive pronoun) or 'to be' (verb), leading to confusion depending on the context. The pronunciation is the same for both.
As a possessive pronoun, 'zijn' indicates ownership by a male or neuter subject. As a verb, 'zijn' is the infinitive form of 'to be'.
Dit is zijn boek. (This is his book.) Ik wil zijn. (I want to be.)
'Er' is a very versatile and often confusing word in Dutch, with multiple functions including a locative adverb (there), a pronominal adverb, and an existential particle. Its meaning changes significantly with context.
'Er' can refer to a place ('there'), replace a prepositional phrase with 'het', or indicate existence ('there is/are'). Its precise meaning depends on the surrounding words and sentence structure.
Er staat een boek op tafel. (There is a book on the table.) Ik heb er drie van. (I have three of them.) Ik ga erheen. (I am going there.)
語族
名詞
動詞
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a 'DENS' (den) where 'HIS' stuff is kept. 'Diens' sounds a bit like 'dens' and means 'his' (or its).
視覚的連想
Picture a man (Diens) with a large 'D' on his chest, pointing to all his possessions. This visual reinforces that 'diens' is about ownership belonging to a male person.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to rephrase sentences using 'zijn' so that you have to use 'diens' for clarity. For example: 'De docent en zijn studenten kwamen binnen.' (The teacher and his students came in). Now, if 'zijn' could refer to someone else, how would you use 'diens'?
自分をテスト 90 問
De jongen pakte ___ jas.
In this A1 level sentence, we use 'zijn' (his) to refer to the boy's jacket. 'Diens' is too advanced for A1.
Het meisje gaf ___ boek terug.
At A1, 'haar' (her) is the correct possessive pronoun for a girl. 'Diens' is not suitable for this level.
De man zocht ___ sleutels.
For A1, 'zijn' (his) is the appropriate pronoun to indicate the man's keys. 'Diens' is not used at this beginner level.
De vrouw vond ___ portemonnee.
At A1, 'haar' (her) is the simple and correct possessive pronoun for the woman's wallet. 'Diens' is not for A1.
De hond kwispelde met ___ staart.
In A1 Dutch, 'zijn' is used for male nouns like 'hond' (dog) or inanimate objects. 'Diens' is not an A1 concept.
Het kind speelde met ___ speelgoed.
For 'het kind' (the child), we use 'zijn' (his/its) as the general possessive pronoun at A1. 'Diens' is too complex.
Choose the correct word: Dat is ___ jas. (That is his coat.)
Zijn is the possessive pronoun for 'his'.
Which word means 'her' (possessive)?
Haar is the possessive pronoun for 'her'.
Complete the sentence: Ik zie ___ auto. (I see your car.)
Jouw is the possessive pronoun for 'your' (informal singular).
Het is 'zijn boek' when referring to a man's book.
'Zijn' is the correct possessive pronoun for a male person.
The word 'haar' can mean both 'her' and 'hair'.
In Dutch, 'haar' functions as both the possessive pronoun 'her' and the noun 'hair'.
You use 'hun' to say 'our'.
'Hun' means 'their'. 'Our' is 'ons' or 'onze'.
This is my book.
She is my sister.
He is my brother.
Read this aloud:
Hallo, hoe gaat het?
Focus: Hallo, hoe
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Read this aloud:
Ik ben blij.
Focus: blij
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Read this aloud:
Tot ziens!
Focus: ziens
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Write a short sentence about someone owning a dog. Use 'zijn' or 'haar'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
De jongen heeft zijn hond. (The boy has his dog.) Het meisje heeft haar hond. (The girl has her dog.)
Write a sentence about a person and their book. Use 'zijn' or 'haar'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Hij leest zijn boek. (He reads his book.) Zij leest haar boek. (She reads her book.)
Write a sentence about a person and their car. Use 'zijn' or 'haar'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
De man rijdt in zijn auto. (The man drives in his car.) De vrouw rijdt in haar auto. (The woman drives in her car.)
Welke kleur heeft Jans fiets? (What color is Jan's bike?)
Read this passage:
Dit is Jan. Hij heeft een fiets. Zijn fiets is blauw. Jan fietst naar school.
Welke kleur heeft Jans fiets? (What color is Jan's bike?)
De passage zegt 'Zijn fiets is blauw'.
De passage zegt 'Zijn fiets is blauw'.
Wat heeft Anna? (What does Anna have?)
Read this passage:
Dit is Anna. Zij heeft een tas. Haar tas is groot. Anna gaat naar de winkel met haar tas.
Wat heeft Anna? (What does Anna have?)
De passage zegt 'Zij heeft een tas'.
De passage zegt 'Zij heeft een tas'.
Wat eet de man? (What is the man eating?)
Read this passage:
De man eet zijn appel. De appel is lekker. Hij deelt zijn appel niet.
Wat eet de man? (What is the man eating?)
De passage zegt 'De man eet zijn appel'.
De passage zegt 'De man eet zijn appel'.
This means 'That is her book.' In Dutch, the possessive pronoun comes before the noun.
This means 'Where is your cat?' The question word starts the sentence, followed by the verb and then the subject with the possessive pronoun.
This means 'This is my phone.' 'Dit' (this) starts the sentence, followed by 'is' (is) and then the possessive pronoun and noun.
De president en ___ vrouw waren aanwezig bij de ceremonie.
'Diens' is used here to refer to the president, indicating possession. It's a more formal way of saying 'his'.
De directeur informeerde de medewerker over ___ nieuwe taken.
'Diens' refers to the director, showing possession of the new tasks. It's a formal choice here.
De schrijver en ___ nieuwste boek werden geprezen door de critici.
To avoid repeating 'zijn' (his) and to maintain a formal tone, 'diens' is used to refer to the writer and his book.
De stad en ___ burgemeester vierden het jubileum.
Here, 'diens' refers to the city's burgemeester (mayor), indicating belonging in a formal context.
De student en ___ docent bespraken de resultaten.
'Diens' is used to refer to the student's docent (teacher) in a formal manner, implying possession.
De maatschappij en ___ regels zijn complex.
'Diens' refers to 'de maatschappij' (society) and its rules, used formally for possession.
De jongen pakte ___ boeken van de tafel.
Zijn refers to 'his' for a male person. 'Diens' is more formal and less common in this context for a singular male possessor.
De directeur informeerde de medewerkers over ___ nieuwe beleid.
Zijn is the possessive pronoun for 'his' (referring to 'de directeur'). 'Diens' can be used but 'zijn' is more common.
De man en ___ vrouw gingen samen uit eten.
'Zijn' refers to the man's wife. 'Diens' is less common here.
Je kunt 'diens' gebruiken om te verwijzen naar een bezit van een vrouwelijk persoon.
'Diens' verwijst typisch naar een mannelijk of onzijdig antecedent, niet naar een vrouwelijk persoon. Voor een vrouwelijk persoon gebruik je 'haar'.
Het woord 'diens' wordt vaak gebruikt in alledaagse, informele gesprekken.
'Diens' is een formeler woord en wordt minder vaak gebruikt in informele gesprekken dan 'zijn' of 'haar'.
In de zin 'De schrijver presenteerde diens nieuwe boek' verwijst 'diens' naar de schrijver.
Ja, 'diens' verwijst hier naar de schrijver en betekent 'zijn' nieuwe boek. Het is een formelere manier om dit uit te drukken.
De man en ___ hond gingen wandelen. (The man and his dog went for a walk.)
Use 'diens' to refer to a male person's possession when that person has already been mentioned in the sentence. 'Zijn' would also be correct, but 'diens' is more formal and specific to a previously mentioned male. 'Haar' is for female, 'hun' is for plural.
De kunstenaar exposeerde ___ nieuwste werk in de galerie. (The artist exhibited his latest work in the gallery.)
Here, 'diens' refers to the artist's work, emphasizing that it belongs to the previously mentioned male artist. 'Zijn' is also correct, but 'diens' provides a more formal tone often used in written Dutch.
De president sprak over de problemen in ___ land. (The president spoke about the problems in his country.)
'Diens' is used here to refer to the president's country, clearly linking the possession to the previously mentioned male subject. 'Zijn' would also be acceptable.
De professor legde de studenten ___ theorie uit. (The professor explained his theory to the students.)
In this context, 'diens' specifies that the theory belongs to the male professor who was just mentioned. It adds a touch of formality.
De architect presenteerde ___ ontwerp aan de klant. (The architect presented his design to the client.)
When referring to the design of a previously mentioned male architect, 'diens' is a formal and correct choice. 'Zijn' is also correct.
De schrijver las een fragment voor uit ___ nieuwe boek. (The writer read an excerpt from his new book.)
'Diens' is suitable here to refer to the male writer's new book, providing a clear and formal connection to the subject.
De docent legde de theorie uit en ___ toepassing.
'Diens' refers back to 'de docent' (the teacher), indicating possession.
De politicus sprak met de kiezer en ___ zorgen.
'Diens' refers to 'de kiezer' (the voter) and their concerns.
Ze bezocht de kunstenaar en bewonderde ___ werken.
'Diens' refers to 'de kunstenaar' (the artist) and their works.
'Diens' can only refer to male persons.
'Diens' can refer to both male and female persons, and sometimes even things, although for things 'zijn' or 'haar' is more common.
Using 'diens' often adds a more formal tone to a sentence.
'Diens' is generally considered more formal than 'zijn' or 'haar' when referring to a person's possession.
In the sentence 'De directeur sprak met de nieuwe medewerker en diens taken', 'diens' refers to the director's tasks.
In this sentence, 'diens' refers to the tasks of 'de nieuwe medewerker' (the new employee), not the director's tasks.
The man and whose dog went for a walk.
The woman and whose children visited the museum.
The company and whose employees celebrated the anniversary.
Read this aloud:
De student en diens boeken zijn altijd samen.
Focus: diens
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Read this aloud:
De leraar en diens lessen zijn erg populair.
Focus: leraar, diens
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Read this aloud:
De koning en diens gevolg reisden door het land.
Focus: koning, diens, gevolg
あなたの回答：
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This sentence means 'He often forgot that person's name.' 'Diens' refers back to a previously mentioned male person or a common gender noun.
This sentence translates to 'She rarely uses that person's bicycle.' 'Diens' here indicates possession by a male or common gender person.
Meaning 'The boy lent out that person's book.' 'Diens' clarifies that the book belongs to the person previously mentioned.
Write a short paragraph about someone you admire, using 'diens' to refer to something belonging to them. Make sure to use 'diens' at least twice.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Mijn oma is een vrouw die ik diep bewonder. Diens wijsheid is een constante bron van inspiratie voor mij. Daarnaast is diens levensverhaal vol moed en doorzettingsvermogen, wat me altijd motiveert.
Imagine a scenario where you are describing a lost item that belongs to a specific person. Use 'diens' to indicate ownership.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Ik heb een portemonnee gevonden in het park. Diens inhoud suggereert dat de eigenaar mogelijk een student is, gezien de collegekaart die erin zat. Ik hoop diens eigenaar snel te vinden.
Describe a person's impact on a situation, using 'diens' to refer to their influence or actions.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
De voorzitter van de vergadering had een beslissende invloed. Diens argumenten waren zo overtuigend dat iedereen het met diens standpunt eens was. Zonder diens inbreng was de discussie waarschijnlijk veel langer doorgegaan.
Waarom waren de aanwezigen onder de indruk van de burgemeester?
Read this passage:
De burgemeester hield een toespraak over de toekomst van de stad. Diens visie op duurzaamheid en innovatie werd met veel enthousiasme ontvangen door de aanwezigen. Velen waren onder de indruk van diens kennis en toewijding. Na afloop beantwoordde de burgemeester nog enkele vragen over diens plannen.
Waarom waren de aanwezigen onder de indruk van de burgemeester?
De passage stelt direct dat 'Velen waren onder de indruk van diens kennis en toewijding'.
De passage stelt direct dat 'Velen waren onder de indruk van diens kennis en toewijding'.
Welke aspecten van de kunstenaar's werk werden bewonderd?
Read this passage:
De kunstenaar presenteerde zijn nieuwste werk, een indrukwekkend sculptuur. Diens creativiteit en originaliteit waren duidelijk zichtbaar in elk detail. Bezoekers stonden lang stil om diens interpretatie van moderne kunst te bewonderen. Diens unieke stijl zorgde voor veel discussie en waardering.
Welke aspecten van de kunstenaar's werk werden bewonderd?
De passage vermeldt expliciet dat 'Diens creativiteit en originaliteit waren duidelijk zichtbaar in elk detail'.
De passage vermeldt expliciet dat 'Diens creativiteit en originaliteit waren duidelijk zichtbaar in elk detail'.
Wat was het gevolg van de publicatie van de onderzoeker?
Read this passage:
De onderzoeker publiceerde een baanbrekend artikel over klimaatverandering. Diens bevindingen werden breed gedeeld binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap en veroorzaakten veel reuring. De impact van diens onderzoek op het huidige beleid is aanzienlijk. Veel experts verwijzen nu naar diens studie als een referentiepunt.
Wat was het gevolg van de publicatie van de onderzoeker?
De tekst geeft aan dat 'Diens bevindingen werden breed gedeeld binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap en veroorzaakten veel reuring'.
De tekst geeft aan dat 'Diens bevindingen werden breed gedeeld binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap en veroorzaakten veel reuring'.
This sentence uses 'diens' to indicate possession, meaning 'his' or 'that person's' books are on the table. The word order follows typical Dutch sentence structure for statements.
'Diens' is placed before 'auto' to show that the car belongs to 'that person'. The verb 'heb geleend' is split as is common in Dutch perfect tense.
Here, 'diens' refers to the woman, indicating that the dog belongs to her. The plural verb 'wandelden' agrees with 'de vrouw en diens hond'.
The king and his entourage traveled throughout the country.
The architect presented his design and its advantages were widely discussed.
She spoke with the director and his secretary about the matter.
Read this aloud:
De minister en diens beleid stuitte op veel kritiek.
Focus: diens
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Read this aloud:
De kunstenaar en diens creaties werden over de hele wereld geroemd.
Focus: creaties
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Read this aloud:
De schrijver en diens nieuwste boek waren het gesprek van de dag.
Focus: schrijver
あなたの回答：
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The sentence describes forgetting 'his' (referring to someone previously mentioned) name when seeing 'him'. 'Diens' refers back to a masculine singular noun.
'Diens' refers to 'de schrijver' (the writer), indicating ownership of the new book.
'Diens' here indicates that the unique style belongs to 'de kunstenaar' (the artist).
/ 90 correct
Perfect score!
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
aanbevelen
B1To suggest something as a good choice.
aandacht
B1Focus or notice directed towards someone or something.
aandachtig
B1Paying close attention
aandrang
B1Urgent pressure or request.
aandringend
B1Persistent and urgent.
aanduiden
B1To be a sign of or to indicate.
aanduiding
B1A sign or mark indicating something.
aaneensluiten
B2To join or connect together.
aangeven
B1To point out or indicate.
aangezien
B2Given that or because
