dorst 30秒で
- Dorst is the Dutch noun for 'thirst', used to express the physical need for hydration in everyday life.
- Crucially, Dutch speakers say 'Ik heb dorst' (I have thirst) instead of 'I am thirsty', using the verb 'hebben'.
- It can be used metaphorically to describe a strong longing for things like knowledge, power, or adventure.
- Commonly paired with the verb 'lessen' (to quench) and appears in the compound word 'dorstlesser' (thirst-quencher).
The Dutch word dorst is a fundamental noun that translates to 'thirst' in English. At its most basic level, it describes the physical sensation of needing to consume fluids. However, for an English speaker, the most critical aspect of learning this word is not just the meaning, but the grammatical structure in which it resides. In English, we typically use an adjective to describe this state: 'I am thirsty.' In Dutch, you use the noun dorst combined with the verb hebben (to have). Therefore, you literally say, 'I have thirst.' This distinction is a hallmark of Dutch physical sensations, shared with honger (hunger) and slaap (sleepiness).
- Grammatical Category
- Noun (de-word), though it is almost always used as an uncountable concept in daily conversation.
Na het hardlopen in de hete zon had Jan enorme dorst.
Beyond the physical, dorst can be used metaphorically. Just as in English one might have a 'thirst for knowledge,' a Dutch person can have a dorst naar kennis or a dorst naar avontuur. It represents a deep, driving desire that must be satisfied. In a social context, mentioning dorst is often the polite precursor to suggesting a drink. If you are at a friend's house and they ask, 'Heb je dorst?', they are offering you something to drink. It is a word rooted in hospitality and survival alike.
- Common Collocations
- Grote dorst (great thirst), brandende dorst (burning thirst), dorst lessen (to quench thirst).
The etymology of the word links it to the Proto-Germanic root meaning 'to dry out.' This makes sense, as the sensation of dorst is physically characterized by a dry mouth and throat. In the Netherlands, where water is everywhere, the irony of having dorst is rarely lost on the people. Whether you are cycling against the wind or sitting on a terrace in Utrecht, knowing how to express your dorst is essential for your comfort and social integration.
De wandelaars lesten hun dorst bij de heldere beek.
- Metaphorical Usage
- A thirst for power (dorst naar macht) or a thirst for revenge (dorst naar wraak) are common literary themes.
Using dorst correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that functions like an adjective in English. The most common sentence structure is [Subject] + [Verb: hebben] + [dorst]. For example, 'Zij heeft dorst' (She is thirsty). If you want to emphasize the intensity, you add an adjective before the noun: 'Ik heb enorme dorst' (I am extremely thirsty). Unlike English, where you might say 'I am getting thirsty,' in Dutch you would say 'Ik krijg dorst,' using the verb krijgen (to get/receive).
- Sentence Pattern 1: Basic Need
- Ik heb dorst, mag ik een glas water? (I am thirsty, may I have a glass of water?)
Hebben jullie ook zo'n dorst na die lange wandeling?
When discussing the action of satisfying thirst, the verb lessen is the go-to choice. 'De dorst lessen' is a standard collocation. You will see this on advertisements for beverages: 'De ultieme dorstlesser' (The ultimate thirst quencher). In more complex sentences, dorst can be the subject of the sentence, though this is less common. For instance, 'De dorst werd hem bijna fataal' (The thirst almost became fatal to him) in a survival story context.
- Sentence Pattern 2: Quenching
- Niets lest de dorst zo goed als koud water. (Nothing quenches thirst as well as cold water.)
In questions, the word often appears at the end: 'Heb je dorst?' This is the standard way to ask if someone wants a drink. In a restaurant, a waiter might ask: 'Heeft u al dorst?' which is a slightly informal way of asking if you're ready to order drinks. Understanding the nuances of how dorst interacts with verbs like hebben, krijgen, and lessen will make your Dutch sound much more natural and native-like.
Ik kreeg plotseling enorme dorst toen ik de limonade zag.
- Sentence Pattern 3: Developing Thirst
- Van al dat zoute eten krijg je enorme dorst. (You get very thirsty from all that salty food.)
You will hear dorst in a variety of everyday Dutch settings. The most frequent location is in the home or social gatherings. Dutch culture places a high value on 'gezelligheid' (coziness/socializing), and this almost always involves drinks. When you enter a Dutch home, one of the first questions you will be asked is 'Heb je dorst?' or 'Wil je wat drinken?'. In this context, dorst acts as the catalyst for the social ritual of coffee, tea, or a beer.
- Setting 1: The Dutch Terrace (Het Terras)
- On a sunny day, terraces are packed. You'll hear people say, 'Ik heb echt dorst gekregen van dat fietsen, laten we wat bestellen.'
Ober, we hebben dorst! Mogen we de kaart?
In sports and fitness environments, the word is ubiquitous. Coaches will ask their players if they have dorst during breaks. Gym-goers will talk about their 'brandende dorst' after a heavy workout. You will also see the word in health contexts. Doctors might ask patients, 'Heeft u vaker last van extreme dorst?' as this can be a symptom of conditions like diabetes. Here, the word moves from a casual social cue to a clinical observation.
- Setting 2: Marketing and Advertising
- Supermarkets and beverage brands use 'dorst' constantly. Slogans like 'Lest de dorst, overal en altijd' are common on billboards for mineral water or soft drinks.
Finally, in literature and news, dorst appears in discussions about global issues like drought and water scarcity. News reports on 'extreme droogte' (extreme drought) will often mention the 'dorst van het land' (the thirst of the land) or the 'dorst van het vee' (the thirst of the cattle). In these instances, the word carries a much heavier, more serious weight than the casual 'Ik heb dorst' said over a sandwich.
De aanhoudende droogte zorgt voor een grote dorst in de natuur.
- Setting 3: Education
- Teachers use the metaphorical 'dorst naar kennis' to encourage students. 'Jullie moeten een dorst naar leren ontwikkelen!'
The single most common mistake English speakers make with the word dorst is a direct translation of the English 'to be thirsty.' In English, 'thirsty' is an adjective. In Dutch, dorst is a noun. If you say 'Ik ben dorst,' you are literally saying 'I am thirst,' which makes no sense to a Dutch ear. If you say 'Ik ben dorstig,' while grammatically possible as an adjective, it sounds like you are a character in a 19th-century novel or a very dramatic poet. Always use 'Ik heb dorst.'
- Mistake 1: Using 'Zijn' instead of 'Hebben'
- Incorrect: Ik ben dorst. / Correct: Ik heb dorst.
Fout: Ben jij dorst? Goed: Heb jij dorst?
Another mistake involves the use of articles. In English, we don't use an article with the adjective ('I am thirsty'). In Dutch, because dorst is a noun, learners often wonder if they should say 'Ik heb de dorst.' You should not. The article is omitted in the standard expression of the feeling. However, if you add an adjective, you might use 'een' in some contexts, though 'Ik heb grote dorst' is more common than 'Ik heb een grote dorst.' This subtle difference in noun usage can be tricky for beginners.
- Mistake 2: Overusing the Article
- Incorrect: Ik heb de dorst. / Correct: Ik heb dorst.
Confusion with the word 'drank' (drink/beverage) also occurs. Learners sometimes say 'Ik heb drank' when they mean they are thirsty. 'Ik heb drank' means 'I have alcohol' or 'I have a drink (in my hand).' To express the need to drink, you must use dorst. Finally, be careful with the plural. 'Dorsten' is almost never used. Thirst is treated as an uncountable concept in Dutch, just as it is in English.
Fout: Ik heb veel dorsten. Goed: Ik heb veel dorst.
- Mistake 3: Confusing 'Dorst' with 'Drank'
- 'Ik heb dorst' = I feel the need to drink. 'Ik heb drank' = I am in possession of beverages (usually alcoholic).
While dorst is the standard term, there are several related words and alternatives depending on the intensity and context. If you want to be more specific about the physical sensation, you might mention a droge keel (dry throat). For example, 'Ik heb een enorm droge keel' is a common way to describe the feeling after talking for a long time. This focuses on the symptom rather than the general state of dorst.
- Comparison: Dorst vs. Droge Keel
- Dorst is the general need for water; droge keel is the specific physical sensation in the throat.
Ik heb zo'n droge keel, mag ik wat water?
In terms of intensity, dorst can be modified by adjectives like hunkeren (to hanker/long for) in more poetic or extreme cases. While you wouldn't say 'Ik heb hunkering naar water' in a normal setting, you might see it in literature. For quenching thirst, lessen is the standard verb, but you might also hear stille (to still/quiet), as in 'de dorst stillen,' though this is more commonly used with hunger (de honger stillen).
- Comparison: Lessen vs. Stillen
- Lessen is specifically for thirst; stillen is more general but often used for hunger.
On the opposite side, we have words for 'hydrated' or 'satisfied.' Dutch doesn't have a single direct noun for 'the state of not being thirsty' other than simply 'geen dorst hebben.' However, voldaan (satisfied) can be used after a drink, though it usually refers to food. In a more technical sense, you might hear gehydrateerd (hydrated), especially in sports or medical contexts. Understanding these alternatives allows you to express your needs with more precision and variety.
Na die liter water was mijn dorst eindelijk verdwenen.
- Antonyms and Negations
- The opposite of 'dorst hebben' is simply 'geen dorst hebben'. There is no common single word like 'un-thirsty' in Dutch.
レベル別の例文
Ik heb dorst.
I am thirsty (literally: I have thirst).
Uses 'hebben' instead of 'zijn'.
Heb je dorst?
Are you thirsty?
Question form with inversion.
Mama, ik heb dorst!
Mom, I'm thirsty!
Common child's phrase.
Hij heeft dorst na het spelen.
He is thirsty after playing.
Third person singular 'heeft'.
Wij hebben geen dorst.
We are not thirsty.
Negation with 'geen'.
Ik heb een beetje dorst.
I am a little thirsty.
Adverbial phrase 'een beetje'.
Hebt u dorst, meneer?
Are you thirsty, sir?
Formal 'u' form.
Zij heeft altijd dorst.
She is always thirsty.
Frequency adverb 'altijd'.
Ik krijg dorst van dit warme weer.
I'm getting thirsty from this warm weather.
Uses 'krijgen' to show a developing state.
De hond heeft ook dorst.
The dog is also thirsty.
Subject is an animal.
Heb je dorst gekregen van het wandelen?
Did you get thirsty from walking?
Perfectum tense.
Ik heb enorme dorst na die zoute chips.
I am extremely thirsty after those salty chips.
Adjective 'enorme' modifying 'dorst'.
Zij had gisteren de hele dag dorst.
She was thirsty all day yesterday.
Imperfectum tense 'had'.
De planten hebben dorst, ze hebben water nodig.
The plants are thirsty, they need water.
Personification of plants.
Kun je mijn dorst lessen met wat sap?
Can you quench my thirst with some juice?
Introduction of the verb 'lessen'.
Ik heb liever water als ik dorst heb.
I prefer water when I am thirsty.
Subordinate clause with 'als'.
Water is de beste dorstlesser op een hete dag.
Water is the best thirst-quencher on a hot day.
Compound noun 'dorstlesser'.
Hij heeft een onverzadigbare dorst naar kennis.
He has an insatiable thirst for knowledge.
Metaphorical usage.
Na de marathon hadden de lopers brandende dorst.
After the marathon, the runners had a burning thirst.
Strong adjective 'brandende'.
Het was een lange reis en de dorst was groot.
It was a long journey and the thirst was great.
Dorst as the subject of the sentence.
Zij lesten hun dorst bij een kleine bron in het bos.
They quenched their thirst at a small spring in the forest.
Past tense of 'lessen'.
Ik heb zo'n dorst dat ik wel een liter kan drinken.
I am so thirsty that I could drink a liter.
Result clause with 'zo... dat'.
Extreme dorst kan een symptoom zijn van ziekte.
Extreme thirst can be a symptom of illness.
Formal/medical context.
De woestijnreizigers leden aan verschrikkelijke dorst.
The desert travelers suffered from terrible thirst.
Phrase 'lijden aan' (to suffer from).
De dorst naar macht dreef hem tot wanhoopsdaden.
The thirst for power drove him to acts of despair.
Abstract metaphorical subject.
Men moet de dorst van de natuur niet onderschatten.
One must not underestimate the thirst of nature.
Impersonal pronoun 'men'.
Het bier vloeide rijkelijk om de dorst te stillen.
The beer flowed freely to satisfy the thirst.
Use of 'stillen' instead of 'lessen'.
Ondanks de regen bleef de dorst van het land bestaan.
Despite the rain, the land's thirst persisted.
Contrastive conjunction 'ondanks'.
Zijn dorst naar wraak was na al die jaren nog niet gelest.
His thirst for revenge had not been quenched after all those years.
Passive construction with 'gelest'.
De overheid nam maatregelen tegen de dorst in de landbouw.
The government took measures against the thirst (drought) in agriculture.
Political/Economic context.
Er heerste een collectieve dorst tijdens het festival.
There was a collective thirst during the festival.
Abstract noun with 'heersen'.
Zij probeerde haar dorst naar erkenning te verbergen.
She tried to hide her thirst for recognition.
Psychological metaphor.
De existentiële dorst van de mens is een terugkerend thema.
The existential thirst of man is a recurring theme.
Philosophical usage.
Zij leste haar intellectuele dorst in de archieven.
She quenched her intellectual thirst in the archives.
Academic metaphor.
De dorst van de markt naar nieuwe technologie is grenzeloos.
The market's thirst for new technology is boundless.
Economic metaphor.
Hij beschreef de dorst als een brand die van binnenuit kwam.
He described the thirst as a fire that came from within.
Simile/Metaphor in description.
De dorst naar verandering was voelbaar in de straten.
The thirst for change was palpable in the streets.
Sociopolitical metaphor.
Geen enkele drank kon de dorst van zijn verleden lessen.
No drink could quench the thirst of his past.
Poetic/Literary usage.
Het gedicht spreekt over de eeuwige dorst van de ziel.
The poem speaks of the eternal thirst of the soul.
Literary analysis context.
De dorst van de gewassen leidde tot een misoogst.
The thirst of the crops led to a crop failure.
Technical agricultural context.
In zijn oeuvre fungeert dorst als metafoor voor gemis.
In his oeuvre, thirst functions as a metaphor for loss.
High-level literary criticism.
De dorst naar absolute waarheid is een gevaarlijke illusie.
The thirst for absolute truth is a dangerous illusion.
Epistemological discussion.
Men leste de dorst aan de bronnen van de klassieke oudheid.
One quenched one's thirst at the sources of classical antiquity.
Archaic/Elevated style.
De dorst van de metropool naar energie is onverzadigbaar.
The metropolis's thirst for energy is insatiable.
Complex societal metaphor.
Zij doorstond de dorst met een bewonderenswaardig stoïcisme.
She endured the thirst with an admirable stoicism.
Sophisticated character description.
Zijn dorst naar gerechtigheid oversteeg zijn eigenbelang.
His thirst for justice transcended his self-interest.
Ethical/Moral discussion.
De dorst van de taal naar vernieuwing is inherent aan haar wezen.
The language's thirst for renewal is inherent to its being.
Linguistic philosophy.
Het landschap leed onder de verzengende dorst van de zomer.
The landscape suffered under the scorching thirst of summer.
Highly descriptive/Poetic prose.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— An exaggeration meaning 'I am dying of thirst'. Used when very thirsty.
Geef me water, ik sterf van de dorst!
— A variation of 'Hunger is the best sauce', meaning anything tastes good when you need it.
Zelfs lauw water is lekker nu, want dorst is de beste kok.
— An informal way to describe a very effective thirst-quencher.
Dit koude biertje is een dorstlesser van jewelste.
— To still be thirsty after drinking something.
Dat kleine glaasje hielp niet, ik blijf met de dorst zitten.
— To be incredibly thirsty, like a horse.
Na die rit had ik de dorst van een paard.
— When you drink but still feel thirsty.
In deze hitte kan ik mijn dorst niet lessen.
— Used to describe something you drink specifically to stop being thirsty.
Ik drink alleen water tegen de dorst.
— A metaphorical thirst for more of something (experience, success).
Dit succes geeft dorst naar meer.
慣用句と表現
— To get information or satisfaction directly from the original source.
Hij ging naar de professor om zijn dorst naar kennis aan de bron te lessen.
formalSummary
The word 'dorst' is a noun, not an adjective. To tell someone you are thirsty in Dutch, you must use the verb 'hebben' (to have). Example: 'Ik heb dorst, mag ik een glas water?'
- Dorst is the Dutch noun for 'thirst', used to express the physical need for hydration in everyday life.
- Crucially, Dutch speakers say 'Ik heb dorst' (I have thirst) instead of 'I am thirsty', using the verb 'hebben'.
- It can be used metaphorically to describe a strong longing for things like knowledge, power, or adventure.
- Commonly paired with the verb 'lessen' (to quench) and appears in the compound word 'dorstlesser' (thirst-quencher).
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