B1 Compound Verbs 1 min read かんたん

The Completive 'Lena' and 'Dena'

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'lena' (to take) for actions done for yourself and 'dena' (to give) for actions done for others.

  • Use 'lena' when the action benefits the subject: 'Main roti kha layi' (I ate the food).
  • Use 'dena' when the action benefits someone else: 'Main kitab de ditti' (I gave the book away).
  • The main verb stays in the past participle form, and the auxiliary conjugates: 'Main kar ditta'.
Root Verb + (lena/dena) = Completed Action

Conjugation of Lena/Dena

Subject Lena (Self) Dena (Other)
Main
kar liya
kar ditta
Tu
kar liya
kar ditta
Oh
kar liya
kar ditta
Assi
kar laye
kar ditte
Tusi
kar laye
kar ditte
Oh (pl)
kar laye
kar ditte

Meanings

These are compound verbs used to emphasize the completion of an action and the direction of the benefit.

1

Self-benefit (Lena)

Action completed for the subject's own interest.

“ਮੈਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀ ਲਿਆ।”

“ਉਸਨੇ ਕੱਪੜੇ ਖਰੀਦ ਲਏ।”

2

Other-benefit (Dena)

Action completed for someone else's benefit.

“ਮੈਂ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਪੈਸੇ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ।”

“ਉਸਨੇ ਮੇਰਾ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ।”

Reference Table

Reference table for The Completive 'Lena' and 'Dena'
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Verb-root + liya/ditta
Main likh liya
Negative
Verb-root + nahi + kita
Main nahi likhiya
Question
Ki + Verb-root + liya?
Ki tu likh liya?
Future
Verb-root + lunga/dunga
Main likh lunga

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
ਮੈਂ ਕਾਰਜ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।

ਮੈਂ ਕਾਰਜ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ। (Work)

ニュートラル
ਮੈਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ।

ਮੈਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ। (Work)

カジュアル
ਕੰਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ।

ਕੰਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। (Work)

スラング
ਕੰਮ ਨਿਬੇੜ ਲਿਆ।

ਕੰਮ ਨਿਬੇੜ ਲਿਆ। (Work)

Direction of Benefit

Action

Lena

  • Self Benefit to me

Dena

  • Other Benefit to you
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レベル別の例文

1

ਮੈਂ ਰੋਟੀ ਖਾ ਲਈ।

I ate the food (for myself).

1

ਉਸਨੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੀ।

He gave me the book.

1

ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੰਮ ਖਤਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ?

Have you finished the work?

1

ਮੈਂ ਸਾਰਾ ਸਮਾਨ ਪੈਕ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।

I have packed all the luggage.

1

ਉਸਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਬੂਤ ਨਸ਼ਟ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ।

He destroyed all the evidence.

1

ਮੈਂ ਇਹ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।

I have made this decision.

間違えやすい

The Completive 'Lena' and 'Dena' 対 Simple Past

Learners use simple past when they should use compound.

よくある間違い

✗

Main kita lena

✓

Main kar liya

Wrong word order.
✗

Main usko kar liya

✓

Main uske liye kar ditta

Wrong auxiliary for other-benefit.
✗

Main karunga lena

✓

Main kar lunga

Incorrect future conjugation.
✗

Oh gaya ditta

✓

Oh chala gaya

Not all verbs take lena/dena.

文型パターン

Main ___ ___ liya.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Main pahunch gaya.

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💡

Focus on benefit

Ask yourself: who benefits?

Smart Tips

Think of the benefit.

Main kita. → Main kar liya.

発音

li-ya

L-sound

The 'l' in 'liya' should be soft.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Lena = Take (for me), Dena = Give (for you).

視覚的連想

Imagine holding a gift for yourself (Lena) and handing a gift to a friend (Dena).

Rhyme

Lena for me, Dena for thee.

Story

I bought a shirt (lena). I gave it to my brother (dena). I finished it all.

Word Web

kar liyade dittakha liyape dittaparh liyabhej ditta

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences about your day using these verbs.

文化メモ

Using these verbs shows you are integrated into the culture.

Derived from Sanskrit roots for 'to take' and 'to give'.

会話のきっかけ

“

Ki tu kamm kar liya?

日記のテーマ

Write about your day.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Main pani ___ liya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pe
You drink water.

Score: /1

練習問題

1 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Main pani ___ liya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pe
You drink water.

Score: /1

よくある質問 (1)

No, only for transitive verbs.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Hindi high

Lena/Dena

None.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Past Tense

Prerequisite

Need to know past forms.

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