The Completive 'Lena' and 'Dena'
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'lena' (to take) for actions done for yourself and 'dena' (to give) for actions done for others.
- Use 'lena' when the action benefits the subject: 'Main roti kha layi' (I ate the food).
- Use 'dena' when the action benefits someone else: 'Main kitab de ditti' (I gave the book away).
- The main verb stays in the past participle form, and the auxiliary conjugates: 'Main kar ditta'.
Conjugation of Lena/Dena
| Subject | Lena (Self) | Dena (Other) |
|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
kar liya
|
kar ditta
|
|
Tu
|
kar liya
|
kar ditta
|
|
Oh
|
kar liya
|
kar ditta
|
|
Assi
|
kar laye
|
kar ditte
|
|
Tusi
|
kar laye
|
kar ditte
|
|
Oh (pl)
|
kar laye
|
kar ditte
|
Meanings
These are compound verbs used to emphasize the completion of an action and the direction of the benefit.
Self-benefit (Lena)
Action completed for the subject's own interest.
“ਮੈਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀ ਲਿਆ।”
“ਉਸਨੇ ਕੱਪੜੇ ਖਰੀਦ ਲਏ।”
Other-benefit (Dena)
Action completed for someone else's benefit.
“ਮੈਂ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਪੈਸੇ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ।”
“ਉਸਨੇ ਮੇਰਾ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ।”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Verb-root + liya/ditta
|
Main likh liya
|
|
Negative
|
Verb-root + nahi + kita
|
Main nahi likhiya
|
|
Question
|
Ki + Verb-root + liya?
|
Ki tu likh liya?
|
|
Future
|
Verb-root + lunga/dunga
|
Main likh lunga
|
Espectro de formalidade
ਮੈਂ ਕਾਰਜ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ। (Work)
ਮੈਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ। (Work)
ਕੰਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। (Work)
ਕੰਮ ਨਿਬੇੜ ਲਿਆ। (Work)
Direction of Benefit
Lena
- Self Benefit to me
Dena
- Other Benefit to you
Exemplos por nível
ਮੈਂ ਰੋਟੀ ਖਾ ਲਈ।
I ate the food (for myself).
ਉਸਨੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੀ।
He gave me the book.
ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੰਮ ਖਤਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ?
Have you finished the work?
ਮੈਂ ਸਾਰਾ ਸਮਾਨ ਪੈਕ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।
I have packed all the luggage.
ਉਸਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਬੂਤ ਨਸ਼ਟ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ।
He destroyed all the evidence.
ਮੈਂ ਇਹ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।
I have made this decision.
Fácil de confundir
Learners use simple past when they should use compound.
Erros comuns
Main kita lena
Main kar liya
Main usko kar liya
Main uske liye kar ditta
Main karunga lena
Main kar lunga
Oh gaya ditta
Oh chala gaya
Padrões de frases
Main ___ ___ liya.
Real World Usage
Main pahunch gaya.
Focus on benefit
Smart Tips
Think of the benefit.
Pronúncia
L-sound
The 'l' in 'liya' should be soft.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Lena = Take (for me), Dena = Give (for you).
Associação visual
Imagine holding a gift for yourself (Lena) and handing a gift to a friend (Dena).
Rhyme
Lena for me, Dena for thee.
Story
I bought a shirt (lena). I gave it to my brother (dena). I finished it all.
Word Web
Desafio
Write 5 sentences about your day using these verbs.
Notas culturais
Using these verbs shows you are integrated into the culture.
Derived from Sanskrit roots for 'to take' and 'to give'.
Iniciadores de conversa
Ki tu kamm kar liya?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
Main pani ___ liya.
Score: /1
Exercicios praticos
1 exercisesMain pani ___ liya.
Score: /1
Perguntas frequentes (1)
No, only for transitive verbs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Lena/Dena
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Connected Grammar
Past Tense
PrerequisiteNeed to know past forms.
