B1 Compound Verbs 1 min read 简单

The Completive 'Lena' and 'Dena'

标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'lena' (to take) for actions done for yourself and 'dena' (to give) for actions done for others.

  • Use 'lena' when the action benefits the subject: 'Main roti kha layi' (I ate the food).
  • Use 'dena' when the action benefits someone else: 'Main kitab de ditti' (I gave the book away).
  • The main verb stays in the past participle form, and the auxiliary conjugates: 'Main kar ditta'.
Root Verb + (lena/dena) = Completed Action

Conjugation of Lena/Dena

Subject Lena (Self) Dena (Other)
Main
kar liya
kar ditta
Tu
kar liya
kar ditta
Oh
kar liya
kar ditta
Assi
kar laye
kar ditte
Tusi
kar laye
kar ditte
Oh (pl)
kar laye
kar ditte

Meanings

These are compound verbs used to emphasize the completion of an action and the direction of the benefit.

1

Self-benefit (Lena)

Action completed for the subject's own interest.

“ਮੈਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀ ਲਿਆ।”

“ਉਸਨੇ ਕੱਪੜੇ ਖਰੀਦ ਲਏ।”

2

Other-benefit (Dena)

Action completed for someone else's benefit.

“ਮੈਂ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਪੈਸੇ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ।”

“ਉਸਨੇ ਮੇਰਾ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ।”

Reference Table

Reference table for The Completive 'Lena' and 'Dena'
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Verb-root + liya/ditta
Main likh liya
Negative
Verb-root + nahi + kita
Main nahi likhiya
Question
Ki + Verb-root + liya?
Ki tu likh liya?
Future
Verb-root + lunga/dunga
Main likh lunga

正式程度

正式
ਮੈਂ ਕਾਰਜ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।

ਮੈਂ ਕਾਰਜ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ। (Work)

中性
ਮੈਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ।

ਮੈਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ। (Work)

非正式
ਕੰਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ।

ਕੰਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। (Work)

俚语
ਕੰਮ ਨਿਬੇੜ ਲਿਆ।

ਕੰਮ ਨਿਬੇੜ ਲਿਆ। (Work)

Direction of Benefit

Action

Lena

  • Self Benefit to me

Dena

  • Other Benefit to you
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

ਮੈਂ ਰੋਟੀ ਖਾ ਲਈ।

I ate the food (for myself).

1

ਉਸਨੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੀ।

He gave me the book.

1

ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੰਮ ਖਤਮ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ?

Have you finished the work?

1

ਮੈਂ ਸਾਰਾ ਸਮਾਨ ਪੈਕ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।

I have packed all the luggage.

1

ਉਸਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਬੂਤ ਨਸ਼ਟ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ।

He destroyed all the evidence.

1

ਮੈਂ ਇਹ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ।

I have made this decision.

容易混淆

The Completive 'Lena' and 'Dena' 对比 Simple Past

Learners use simple past when they should use compound.

常见错误

✗

Main kita lena

✓

Main kar liya

Wrong word order.
✗

Main usko kar liya

✓

Main uske liye kar ditta

Wrong auxiliary for other-benefit.
✗

Main karunga lena

✓

Main kar lunga

Incorrect future conjugation.
✗

Oh gaya ditta

✓

Oh chala gaya

Not all verbs take lena/dena.

句型

Main ___ ___ liya.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Main pahunch gaya.

免费注册查看所有例句
💡

Focus on benefit

Ask yourself: who benefits?

Smart Tips

Think of the benefit.

Main kita. → Main kar liya.

发音

li-ya

L-sound

The 'l' in 'liya' should be soft.

记住它

记忆技巧

Lena = Take (for me), Dena = Give (for you).

视觉联想

Imagine holding a gift for yourself (Lena) and handing a gift to a friend (Dena).

Rhyme

Lena for me, Dena for thee.

Story

I bought a shirt (lena). I gave it to my brother (dena). I finished it all.

Word Web

kar liyade dittakha liyape dittaparh liyabhej ditta

挑战

Write 5 sentences about your day using these verbs.

文化笔记

Using these verbs shows you are integrated into the culture.

Derived from Sanskrit roots for 'to take' and 'to give'.

对话开场白

“

Ki tu kamm kar liya?

日记主题

Write about your day.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Main pani ___ liya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pe
You drink water.

Score: /1

练习题

1 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Main pani ___ liya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pe
You drink water.

Score: /1

常见问题 (1)

No, only for transitive verbs.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Hindi high

Lena/Dena

None.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Past Tense

Prerequisite

Need to know past forms.

Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！