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A2 adjective 9分で読める

silny

例文 silny 30秒で
解説 silny in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'silny' is introduced as a basic descriptive adjective for people and animals. Students learn the most common form—the masculine nominative singular—to describe someone's physical appearance. For example, 'On jest silny' (He is strong). At this stage, learners focus on the connection between 'silny' and physical power, often in contrast with 'słaby' (weak). The goal is to recognize the word in simple sentences and apply it to concrete, visible objects. Grammar is kept simple, usually limited to the nominative case. Students might also encounter it in descriptions of the weather, such as 'silny wiatr', which is a common phrase in beginner textbooks. The emphasis is on building a foundational vocabulary where 'silny' acts as a primary building block for describing the world.
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At the A2 level, learners begin to explore the grammatical variations of 'silny'. They must start matching the adjective to the gender of the noun (silny, silna, silne) and the plural forms (silni, silne). The usage expands from purely physical strength to more common abstract uses, such as 'silna wola' (strong will) or 'silny ból' (strong pain). A2 students are expected to use 'silny' in short stories or descriptions of their health. They also learn the comparative and superlative forms: 'silniejszy' and 'najsilniejszy'. This allows them to make comparisons, a key skill at this level. Understanding the difference between 'silny' and 'mocny' begins here, specifically in contexts like 'mocna kawa' versus 'silny człowiek'.
At the B1 level, 'silny' becomes a tool for more nuanced expression. Learners use it to describe character traits, social influences, and economic factors. They are expected to handle all cases of the adjective (genitive, dative, accusative, etc.) without significant hesitation. Phrases like 'silne strony' (strengths) and 'silne argumenty' (strong arguments) become common in their writing and speaking. At this level, students should be able to discuss complex topics like 'silna konkurencja na rynku' (strong competition on the market). They also start to recognize 'silny' in idiomatic expressions and understand how it can modify emotions, such as 'silne wzruszenie' (strong emotion/moving).
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At the B2 level, students use 'silny' with precision and stylistic variety. They can distinguish between 'silny' and more advanced synonyms like 'potężny' or 'intensywny' depending on the register and context. They use the word in formal reports, academic essays, and professional debates. For instance, they might analyze a 'silny wpływ mediów' (strong influence of the media) or 'silne powiązania polityczne' (strong political ties). B2 learners are also comfortable with the adverbial form 'silnie' (strongly), using it to modify verbs, such as 'silnie oddziaływać' (to influence strongly). They have a firm grasp of the metaphorical uses of strength in Polish culture and literature.
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At the C1 level, 'silny' is used in highly sophisticated ways. The learner understands its use in legal, scientific, and literary contexts where its meaning might be very specific. They can appreciate the subtle difference between 'silny' and 'gwałtowny' (violent/sudden) when describing weather or reactions. C1 speakers use 'silny' to create imagery and rhetorical impact. They might use it in phrases like 'silny akcent' (strong accent) not just for speech, but as a design element. They are also aware of archaic or poetic uses of the word and its derivatives. Their command of the word family, including nouns like 'siła' and verbs like 'posilać się', is comprehensive.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'silny' is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker. The learner can use the word to convey irony, sarcasm, or deep philosophical meaning. They understand how 'silny' has evolved over time and can use it in any register, from street slang to the highest academic discourse. They are familiar with obscure idioms and can play with the word's multiple meanings in puns or creative writing. At this level, the focus is on perfect collocations and the ability to choose 'silny' over a dozen other synonyms to achieve the exact intended emotional or intellectual resonance. They can discuss the 'siła wyższa' (force majeure) or 'silna ręka' (iron fist) with full cultural context.
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例文

silny 30秒で

  • Used for physical power in people and animals.
  • Describes intense natural phenomena like wind and storms.
  • Refers to mental resilience and a strong character.
  • Applies to influential abstract concepts like the economy or arguments.

The Polish adjective silny is a fundamental word used to describe strength, power, and intensity across a wide spectrum of contexts. At its most basic level, it refers to physical prowess—the kind of strength one might observe in an athlete, a heavy lifter, or a sturdy animal. However, its utility in the Polish language extends far beyond the gymnasium. It is the primary descriptor for natural forces, such as a silny wiatr (strong wind) or a silna burza (strong storm), where it conveys the sheer magnitude and impact of the elements. In the realm of human character, silny describes individuals with resilience and fortitude, those who possess a silna wola (strong will) or a silny charakter (strong character). It is also frequently employed to describe sensory experiences and physiological states, such as a silny ból (strong pain) or a silny zapach (strong smell). Understanding silny requires recognizing its dual nature: it is both a tangible measure of physical force and an abstract measure of influence and endurance. Whether you are discussing the strength of a nation's economy, the intensity of a medicinal dose, or the robustness of a structural pillar, silny is your go-to adjective. It is distinguished from its close relative mocny by a subtle preference for innate, natural, or physical power, whereas mocny often leans toward durability, concentration (like coffee), or structural integrity, though the two are frequently used interchangeably in colloquial speech.

Physical Power
Used for people, animals, and machines capable of exerting great force. Example: silny silnik (a strong engine).

Mój brat jest bardzo silny, ponieważ trenuje codziennie na siłowni.

Natural Forces
Describes the intensity of weather phenomena. Example: silny mróz (strong frost).

Wczoraj w nocy wiał wyjątkowo silny wiatr, który łamał gałęzie drzew.

Abstract Influence
Refers to political, economic, or social power. Example: silna gospodarka (strong economy).

Polska ma coraz silniejszą pozycję na arenie międzynarodowej.

Ta kobieta ma bardzo silną osobowość i nikt nie może jej zdominować.

Potrzebujemy silnych dowodów, aby wygrać tę sprawę w sądzie.

Using silny correctly requires a basic grasp of Polish declension. As an adjective, it changes its ending based on the noun it modifies. In the nominative singular, we see silny (masculine), silna (feminine), and silne (neuter). For example, silny mężczyzna (a strong man), silna kobieta (a strong woman), and silne zwierzę (a strong animal). When you move into the plural, you must distinguish between masculine personal nouns (silni ludzie - strong people) and all other nouns (silne wiatry - strong winds). This grammatical agreement is vital for sounding natural. Beyond grammar, the word follows patterns of intensity. You can modify it with adverbs like bardzo (very), niesamowicie (incredibly), or dość (quite). For instance, On jest dość silny (He is quite strong). In comparative forms, silny becomes silniejszy (stronger) and najsilniejszy (strongest). This is used frequently when comparing athletes or the severity of symptoms. Ten lek jest silniejszy od tamtego (This medicine is stronger than that one). Another key usage is in the instrumental case, often used after the verb być (to be) in certain contexts or to describe a state. On urodził się silnym dzieckiem (He was born a strong child). You will also see it in the genitive case when expressing negation or possession: Nie widzę tu silnego przeciwnika (I don't see a strong opponent here). The versatility of silny means it can appear in almost any sentence structure, from simple descriptive statements to complex metaphorical comparisons.

Masculine Nominative
Standard form for masculine nouns. Example: silny uścisk dłoni (a strong handshake).

Prezydent wygłosił silny komunikat do narodu.

Feminine Accusative
Used when the strong feminine noun is the direct object. Example: Mam silną wolę (I have a strong will).

Musisz mieć silną motywację, żeby ukończyć ten maraton.

Neuter Plural
Used for plural neuter nouns or non-masculine personal groups. Example: silne emocje (strong emotions).

Film wywołał u widzów bardzo silne uczucia.

Ci sportowcy są niesamowicie silni.

Po wypadku odczuwał silny ból w kręgosłupie.

In daily Polish life, silny is ubiquitous. You will hear it every evening during the weather forecast on channels like TVP or TVN. Meteorologists frequently warn of silne opady deszczu (strong rainfall) or silne porywy wiatru (strong gusts of wind). In the gym culture of Poland—which is quite vibrant—you'll hear people discussing who is najsilniejszy na siłowni (the strongest in the gym) or how to build silne mięśnie (strong muscles). In a medical context, a doctor might ask if you are experiencing silny ból or prescribe a silny antybiotyk (strong antibiotic). Politically, the word is a staple in rhetoric. Leaders speak of a silna Polska (strong Poland) or a silna armia (strong army) to evoke a sense of security and pride. In business, it appears in discussions about silna konkurencja (strong competition) or a silna marka (strong brand). Even in literature and cinema, silny is used to describe the 'strong, silent type' or the protagonist's inner journey. It is a word that bridges the gap between the mundane (a strong smell of onions) and the monumental (a strong earthquake). If you listen to Polish podcasts or radio news, pay attention to how silny is used to emphasize the degree of something—it acts as a powerful qualifier that adds weight to any noun it precedes. From the playground, where children compare who is silniejszy, to the boardroom, where executives analyze silne strony (strengths) of a project, this word is an essential tool for expressing intensity and capability.

Weather Reports
Constant use to describe wind, rain, and storms. Example: silne wyładowania atmosferyczne (strong atmospheric discharges/lightning).

Uwaga! Prognozowany jest silny wiatr w porywach do stu kilometrów na godzinę.

Medical Settings
Describing symptoms and medications. Example: silna reakcja alergiczna (strong allergic reaction).

Pacjent skarży się na silne zawroty głowy.

Sports and Fitness
Describing physical ability. Example: silny zawodnik (a strong player/competitor).

Robert Lewandowski ma bardzo silne uderzenie z prawej nogi.

Mamy silne podstawy, by sądzić, że projekt odniesie sukces.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Polish is the confusion between silny and mocny. While both can translate to 'strong', they have different 'preferred' nouns. For example, in English, you have a 'strong coffee', but in Polish, you almost always say mocna kawa, not silna kawa. Using silna here sounds like the coffee has muscles or is physically pushing you! Similarly, 'strong alcohol' is mocny alkohol. Another common mistake involves gender agreement. Because silny ends in '-y', learners often forget to change it to silna for feminine nouns like kobieta or wola. Saying silny wola is a glaring grammatical error. Furthermore, the plural forms often trip people up. Remember that silni is strictly for 'men' (or groups containing at least one man), while silne is for everything else. If you are talking about strong women, you must say silne kobiety, not silni kobiety. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse silny with ciężki (heavy). While a strong person can lift heavy things, the words are not synonyms. Finally, pay attention to the comparative form. It is silniejszy, not bardziej silny (though the latter is becoming more common in informal speech, the former is the standard correct form). Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Polish sound much more sophisticated and natural.

Silny vs. Mocny
Coffee/Tea/Alcohol = mocny. Physical force/Weather = silny.

Błąd: Piję silną kawę. Poprawnie: Piję mocną kawę.

Gender Agreement
Always match the ending to the noun's gender. Silna (f), Silny (m), Silne (n).

Błąd: Silny osobowość. Poprawnie: Silna osobowość.

Plural Personal vs. Non-Personal
Silni (men), Silne (women/objects/animals).

Błąd: Silni wiatry. Poprawnie: Silne wiatry.

While silny is the general word for 'strong', Polish offers a rich palette of alternatives depending on the specific type of strength you wish to convey. If you want to emphasize massive, overwhelming power, use potężny (mighty/powerful). This is often used for giant buildings, empires, or huge waves. For someone who is physically robust and healthy, krzepki (sturdy/robust) is a great choice, often applied to older people who remain in good shape. If the strength refers to durability or resistance to wear and tear, wytrzymały (durable/resilient) is the correct term. For emotional or mental resilience, you might use odporny (resistant/resilient). When describing a strong smell or taste, intensywny (intensive) or ostry (sharp/pungent) are often more precise. In the context of light or sound, jaskrawy (bright) or głośny (loud) might be what you actually mean. If you are talking about a strong argument, przekonujący (convincing) or solidny (solid) can be excellent substitutes. Understanding these nuances allows you to move from basic A2 Polish to more advanced levels of expression. Comparing silny with mocny remains the most important distinction; remember that mocny is about the 'bond' or 'concentration', while silny is about the 'output' or 'force'.

Potężny vs. Silny
Potężny is much larger in scale. A 'silny człowiek' is strong; a 'potężny człowiek' is a giant or a very influential person.
Wytrzymały vs. Silny
Wytrzymały refers to how long something can last under pressure (stamina/durability).
Intensywny vs. Silny
Intensywny is better for colors, smells, and academic study sessions.

To jest potężna maszyna, która może kruszyć skały.

Mój dziadek jest jeszcze bardzo krzepki mimo swojego wieku.

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レベル別の例文

1

Mój tata jest bardzo silny.

My dad is very strong.

Masculine nominative singular adjective.

2

To jest silny koń.

This is a strong horse.

Adjective modifying a masculine noun.

3

Czy on jest silny?

Is he strong?

Question form using 'jest'.

4

On ma silne ręce.

He has strong hands/arms.

Non-masculine personal plural (hands are non-personal).

5

Dzisiaj jest silny wiatr.

There is a strong wind today.

Weather description.

6

Ten lew jest silny.

This lion is strong.

Simple subject-adjective sentence.

7

Mój brat nie jest silny.

My brother is not strong.

Negation with 'nie'.

8

Ona widzi silnego psa.

She sees a strong dog.

Accusative masculine singular (animate).

1

Ona jest silna i zdrowa.

She is strong and healthy.

Feminine nominative singular.

2

Mamy silną wolę walki.

We have a strong will to fight.

Accusative feminine singular.

3

To zwierzę jest silniejsze od tamtego.

This animal is stronger than that one.

Comparative degree 'silniejsze'.

4

Czuję silny ból w nodze.

I feel a strong pain in my leg.

Accusative masculine singular (inanimate).

5

Oni są bardzo silni.

They (men) are very strong.

Masculine personal plural.

6

To są silne kobiety.

These are strong women.

Non-masculine personal plural.

7

Nie lubię silnego mrozu.

I don't like strong frost.

Genitive masculine singular.

8

Kto jest najsilniejszy w klasie?

Who is the strongest in the class?

Superlative degree 'najsilniejszy'.

1

Prezydent ma silny wpływ na ludzi.

The president has a strong influence on people.

Abstract usage of 'silny'.

2

To był silny argument w dyskusji.

That was a strong argument in the discussion.

Intellectual usage.

3

Mamy silne dowody na jego winę.

We have strong evidence of his guilt.

Plural non-masculine personal.

4

Ona ma silny charakter i nie poddaje się.

She has a strong character and doesn't give up.

Describing personality.

5

Wystąpiły silne opady śniegu.

Strong snowfall occurred.

Weather context.

6

Potrzebujemy silnej gospodarki.

We need a strong economy.

Genitive feminine singular.

7

To jest lek o silnym działaniu.

This is a medicine with a strong effect.

Locative masculine singular after 'o'.

8

Widzę silną więź między nimi.

I see a strong bond between them.

Relational usage.

1

Silna konkurencja zmusza nas do zmian.

Strong competition forces us to make changes.

Business context.

2

Odczuwam silną potrzebę odpoczynku.

I feel a strong need for rest.

Psychological state.

3

Jego słowa wywarły silne wrażenie na komisji.

His words made a strong impression on the committee.

Impact/Effect usage.

4

To miasto ma silne tradycje rzemieślnicze.

This city has strong craft traditions.

Cultural usage.

5

Silny popyt na mieszkania podnosi ceny.

Strong demand for apartments raises prices.

Economic usage.

6

Mimo silnego oporu, projekt został przyjęty.

Despite strong resistance, the project was accepted.

Genitive masculine singular after 'mimo'.

7

Musimy zbudować silne fundamenty dla firmy.

We must build strong foundations for the company.

Metaphorical usage.

8

Ona silnie wierzy w swoje ideały.

She strongly believes in her ideals.

Adverbial form 'silnie'.

1

Autor używa silnych metafor w swojej poezji.

The author uses strong metaphors in his poetry.

Literary analysis.

2

Istnieje silna korelacja między tymi zjawiskami.

There is a strong correlation between these phenomena.

Academic/Scientific usage.

3

Silny akcent regionalny utrudniał zrozumienie.

A strong regional accent made understanding difficult.

Linguistic usage.

4

To był silny bodziec do dalszego rozwoju.

It was a strong stimulus for further development.

Psychological/Developmental usage.

5

Jego silna osobowość dominuje w każdym towarzystwie.

His strong personality dominates in every company.

Social dynamics.

6

Silne powiązania rodzinne są tu normą.

Strong family ties are the norm here.

Sociological usage.

7

Wystąpiła silna reakcja chemiczna.

A strong chemical reaction occurred.

Technical usage.

8

Mamy silne podstawy prawne do tego działania.

We have strong legal grounds for this action.

Legal usage.

1

To silny imperatyw moralny, którym się kieruje.

It is a strong moral imperative that guides him.

Philosophical usage.

2

Silna ręka państwa jest tu aż nadto widoczna.

The strong hand of the state is all too visible here.

Political metaphor.

3

W tekście pobrzmiewają silne echa romantyzmu.

Strong echoes of Romanticism resonate in the text.

Literary criticism.

4

To silny kontrapunkt dla głównego nurtu myślowego.

It is a strong counterpoint to the mainstream thought.

Intellectual discourse.

5

Silna polaryzacja społeczeństwa jest faktem.

Strong polarization of society is a fact.

Sociopolitical analysis.

6

Jego argumentacja była silnie osadzona w tradycji.

His argumentation was strongly rooted in tradition.

Advanced adverbial usage.

7

Silny determinizm biologiczny budzi kontrowersje.

Strong biological determinism sparks controversy.

Scientific/Philosophical debate.

8

To silny atut w negocjacjach dyplomatycznych.

It is a strong asset in diplomatic negotiations.

High-level professional usage.

よく使う組み合わせ

silny wiatr
silna wola
silny ból
silny charakter
silny argument
silne emocje
silna gospodarka
silny uścisk
silne opady
silny wpływ

よく使うフレーズ

silny jak koń

— Extremely strong physically.

Mój sąsiad jest silny jak koń.

silna płeć

— The 'strong sex' (traditionally referring to men).

Mówi się, że mężczyźni to silna płeć.

silny punkt

— A strength or a strong point of something.

To jest mój silny punkt w CV.

silna ręka

— Ruling with a firm, strict manner.

Rządzi firmą silną ręką.

silne podstawy

— A solid foundation for an idea or building.

Mamy silne podstawy do optymizmu.

silny akcent

— A heavy regional or foreign accent.

Mówi z silnym akcentem.

silny impuls

— A powerful sudden urge or stimulus.

Poczuł silny impuls, by wyjechać.

silna konkurencja

— Tough rivals in business or sports.

Na rynku jest silna konkurencja.

silny wzrok

— Good eyesight (less common than 'dobry wzrok').

Ma silny wzrok i wszystko widzi.

silne więzi

— Close social or family connections.

Łączą ich silne więzi.

慣用句と表現

"mieć silną głowę"

— To be able to drink a lot of alcohol without getting drunk.

Marek ma silną głowę do wódki.

informal
"silny jak dąb"

— Strong as an oak; very healthy and physically powerful.

Dziadek jest silny jak dąb.

neutral
"grać silną kartą"

— To use a powerful advantage or argument.

W negocjacjach zagrał silną kartą.

metaphorical
"silny w gębie"

— Good at talking but not necessarily good at doing (big mouth).

On jest tylko silny w gębie.

informal/pejorative
"prawo silniejszego"

— The law of the jungle; the strongest wins.

W tej firmie panuje prawo silniejszego.

neutral
"silna ręka"

— Strict, authoritarian control.

Wychował synów silną ręką.

neutral
"silne nerwy"

— Nerves of steel; ability to stay calm.

Ten zawód wymaga silnych nerwów.

neutral
"silny prąd"

— A powerful current (water or electricity).

Rzeka ma bardzo silny prąd.

neutral
"silna strona"

— A particular talent or asset.

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