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B1 verb 11分で読める

chafurdar

練習する例文メモとヒント chafurdar 30秒で

解説 chafurdar in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know that 'chafurdar' is a word used for animals like pigs. Imagine a pig playing in the mud on a farm. That action is 'chafurdar'. It is a regular verb ending in -ar, so it follows the same pattern as 'falar' or 'cantar'. You won't use this word often in basic conversations, but it is good to recognize it if you see a picture of a farm or read a simple story about animals. Just remember: pig + mud = chafurdar. At this stage, don't worry about the complicated figurative meanings. Focus on the physical image of an animal in a puddle. For example, 'O porco chafurda na lama' (The pig wallows in the mud). It is a fun word to say because of the 'cha' and 'fur' sounds. You might hear it in children's books or cartoons where animals are the main characters. Keep it simple and associate it with farm life and messy situations. Even at A1, knowing a few descriptive verbs like this can help you understand more than just the basic 'is' and 'has'. If you see a dog that is very dirty after a walk, you might jokingly say it 'chafurdou' in the dirt. It is a very visual word that helps you build a more colorful vocabulary right from the start of your Portuguese journey.

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At the A2 level, you can start to use 'chafurdar' in slightly more varied contexts. While still primarily literal, you can use it to describe children playing in the mud or a dog that loves water. You should be able to conjugate it in the present and the simple past (Pretérito Perfeito). For example, 'Ontem, o meu cão chafurdou numa poça' (Yesterday, my dog wallowed in a puddle). You are beginning to understand that 'chafurdar' implies a bit of a mess. It's not just 'playing'; it's 'getting dirty while playing'. You might also see it in simple news stories about nature or local farm events. Remember to use the preposition 'em' (na, no, nas, nos) after the verb. This is a key grammatical point at this level. If you are describing a scene, 'chafurdar' adds a level of detail that a simple verb like 'brincar' (to play) doesn't provide. It shows the subject is really getting into the substance. You can also start to recognize when someone uses it in a slightly negative way, like when a room is very messy, though this is moving towards the B1 level. For now, focus on the physical action of immersion in something messy or liquid. It's a great word for adding 'flavor' to your descriptions of nature or pets.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand and use the figurative meanings of 'chafurdar'. This is where the word becomes really interesting. You can use it to describe someone who is 'wallowing' in a bad situation, like 'chafurdar na tristeza' (wallowing in sadness) or 'chafurdar em problemas' (wallowing in problems). At this level, you should recognize that 'chafurdar' often carries a tone of disapproval or criticism. If you say someone is 'chafurdando', you are suggesting they are in a place they shouldn't be, or they are staying in a bad state for too long. You will encounter this word in newspapers, especially in opinion pieces or reports about scandals. It is a key word for expressing opinions about social or moral issues. You should also be comfortable using it in different tenses, including the imperfect ('ele chafurdava') and the conditional ('ele chafurdaria'). Understanding the nuance between 'chafurdar' (wallowing) and 'envolver-se' (involving oneself) is important. 'Chafurdar' is much more graphic and negative. It implies a loss of dignity. As a B1 learner, using this word correctly in a discussion about a movie or a news story will show a high level of expressive capability. It shows you can handle metaphors and emotional nuances in Portuguese.

At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'chafurdar' with precision in both speech and writing to convey specific attitudes. You understand that it's a powerful rhetorical tool. In a debate or an essay, you might use 'chafurdar' to criticize a specific policy or a social trend. For example, 'A sociedade não pode chafurdar no consumismo desenfreado' (Society cannot wallow in unrestrained consumerism). You are also aware of the word's literary quality. You might notice how authors use it to create a sense of 'realismo sujo' (dirty realism) or to critique the upper classes. You should be able to distinguish between the pronominal 'chafurdar-se' and the intransitive 'chafurdar', noticing that the pronominal form can sometimes emphasize the subject's own role in their degradation. Your vocabulary should also include synonyms like 'atolar-se' or 'enlamear-se', and you should know when 'chafurdar' is the more impactful choice. At this stage, you can also use it to describe complex psychological states, like wallowing in guilt or nostalgia. The word becomes a way to add 'texture' to your language, moving beyond literal meanings into the realm of social and psychological commentary. You can handle the word in complex sentence structures, including those with relative clauses or subjunctive moods.

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At the C1 level, you have a near-native grasp of the connotations and social weight of 'chafurdar'. You can use it in highly sophisticated ways, such as in satirical writing or high-level political analysis. You understand the historical and cultural associations of the word, perhaps linking it to the works of classic Portuguese authors who used it to dissect the moral failings of their era. You can use 'chafurdar' to create vivid imagery in creative writing, using it to describe not just mud, but 'chafurdar em luz' (wallowing in light - a rare positive/poetic use) or 'chafurdar no silêncio'. You are sensitive to the register of the word, knowing exactly when it will sound appropriately biting and when it might be too vulgar. You can also identify the word in various dialects of Portuguese, noting how its usage might shift slightly between Lisbon, Luanda, or Rio de Janeiro. Your ability to use 'chafurdar' in the subjunctive or in complex passive constructions is seamless. You understand that this word is not just a verb, but a piece of social commentary embedded in the language. You can explain its nuances to others and use it to express subtle shades of disgust, irony, or even a dark kind of humor.

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At the C2 level, 'chafurdar' is a tool you use with total mastery. You can play with the word, using it in puns, complex metaphors, or as a deliberate stylistic choice to evoke a specific era or literary movement. You understand the deepest etymological roots of the word and how it has evolved over centuries of Portuguese history. You can use it in a way that feels completely natural, even when using its most abstract or rare meanings. In a professional or academic setting, you can use it to make a powerful point about ethics or social dynamics without it feeling out of place. You are aware of how the word interacts with other high-level vocabulary and can use it to create a specific 'tone' in your writing—be it cynical, descriptive, or profoundly critical. You can also appreciate the word's sound and rhythm in poetry or prose, using it to enhance the musicality of your speech. At this level, 'chafurdar' is no longer a 'vocabulary word' to be learned, but a part of your expressive identity in Portuguese. You can use it to navigate the most complex social and cultural landscapes with the ease of a native speaker, using it to reveal the 'muddy' parts of human existence with precision and flair.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

chafurdar 30秒で

Chafurdar means to wallow, literally for animals in mud and figuratively for people in bad situations.
It is a regular -ar verb used with the preposition 'em' (na, no) to show what is being wallowed in.
The word carries a strong negative connotation when used for people, suggesting moral decay or deep misery.
You will find it in farm contexts, political news, and literature to describe 'dirty' or messy realities.

The Portuguese verb chafurdar is a visceral and evocative term that primarily describes the action of an animal, most commonly a pig, rolling around or wallowing in mud, mire, or stagnant water. It captures the physical sensation of being immersed in something thick, dirty, and messy. However, its utility in the Portuguese language extends far beyond the farmyard. In a figurative sense, it is used to describe a person who involves themselves in base, immoral, or degrading situations. When you hear someone say that a politician is 'chafurdando na corrupção' (wallowing in corruption), they are not just saying the person is corrupt; they are painting a picture of someone who is deeply and shamelessly immersed in the filth of their own actions, much like a pig in muck. This word carries a strong judgmental weight and is often used to express disgust or disdain for someone's lack of moral standards or their choice to remain in a state of misery or vice.

Literal Application: Used to describe animals like pigs, hippos, or buffaloes cooling themselves or cleaning their skin in mud or shallow water. It implies a total immersion and a certain level of satisfaction in the dirt.

Figurative Moral Decay: Used to describe individuals who seem to enjoy or find comfort in scandalous, illegal, or unethical environments. It suggests a loss of dignity and a voluntary descent into 'filth'.

Psychological Wallowing: It can also describe someone who refuses to move past a negative emotion, such as self-pity or misery, effectively 'wallowing' in their own sadness instead of seeking a way out.

Os porcos passavam a tarde inteira a chafurdar no lamaçal fresco da quinta.

Ele parece chafurdar na própria miséria em vez de procurar ajuda.

A imprensa não para de chafurdar nos detalhes sórdidos do escândalo.

Depois da chuva, as crianças queriam chafurdar em todas as poças do caminho.

Não podemos permitir que a política continue a chafurdar neste nível de baixeza.

Historically, the word is linked to the concept of the 'chafurdo', which refers to a pigsty or a dirty place. Thus, to 'chafurdar' is to behave as if one is in a pigsty. This etymological connection reinforces the inherent messiness and lack of refinement associated with the verb. Whether you are describing a literal animal in nature or a metaphorical social climber using dirty tactics, 'chafurdar' provides a punchy, descriptive way to highlight the lack of cleanliness, be it physical or spiritual. It is a word that demands attention because of its graphic nature and its ability to immediately communicate a sense of repulsion or heavy immersion.

Using chafurdar correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical patterns and the prepositions that usually accompany it. Most frequently, it is followed by the preposition em (in), which indicates the substance or situation in which the subject is wallowing. For example, 'chafurdar na lama' (wallowing in the mud) or 'chafurdar no vício' (wallowing in vice). It is a regular first-conjugation verb (-ar), making its conjugation patterns predictable for learners. It can be used intransitively ('O porco chafurdava') or with a complement ('Ele chafurdava na lama'). In some regions, you might see it used pronominally ('chafurdar-se'), though the simple form is much more common in everyday speech and writing.

Direct Physical Action: When describing animals or children, focus on the physical medium. Example: 'O cão chafurdou na poça de água suja' (The dog wallowed in the puddle of dirty water).

Metaphorical Immersion: When used for people, it often takes an abstract noun. Example: 'Não vale a pena chafurdar no passado' (It is not worth wallowing in the past).

Social and Political Critique: Common in journalism to describe unethical behavior. Example: 'A elite chafurdava no luxo enquanto o povo passava fome' (The elite wallowed in luxury while the people starved).

Eu vi o javali chafurdar perto do rio ontem de manhã.

Tu chafurdas sempre em teorias da conspiração sem fundamento.

Nós não queremos chafurdar em polémicas desnecessárias.

Eles chafurdaram na lama até ficarem irreconhecíveis.

O artista gostava de chafurdar em cores vibrantes e texturas densas.

When using the verb in the past tense, such as 'chafurdou' or 'chafurdaram', it often implies a completed action of getting dirty or becoming compromised. In the imperfect tense ('chafurdava'), it suggests a habitual state or a continuous action of being in that messy state. For learners, mastering 'chafurdar' allows for more expressive storytelling and more precise descriptions of complex social or emotional states. It is particularly useful when you want to emphasize that someone is not just experiencing something bad, but is actively or passively staying in it, often to their own detriment or the disgust of others.

You are likely to encounter chafurdar in several distinct contexts in the Portuguese-speaking world. In rural areas, it remains a common term for describing animal behavior. Farmers and people living in the countryside use it literally to talk about their livestock. However, in urban settings and in the media, the word takes on its more cynical and metaphorical meanings. It is a favorite of political commentators and journalists who want to critique the 'dirty' side of power. You will often see it in headlines about corruption trials or scandals where the involved parties seem to have lost all sense of shame. Furthermore, Portuguese literature, from the classic realism of Eça de Queirós to modern novels, uses 'chafurdar' to describe the moral decay of the bourgeoisie or the gritty reality of life in the margins.

News and Media: Headlines like 'Políticos chafurdam em escândalos de suborno' (Politicians wallow in bribery scandals) are common during periods of political instability.

Literary Classics: In 19th-century Portuguese literature, the word was used to criticize the perceived filth and lack of hygiene (both literal and moral) in the expanding cities.

Everyday Idioms: In heated arguments, someone might say 'Não me faças chafurdar no teu nível' (Don't make me wallow at your level), meaning they don't want to descend to a lower standard of behavior.

O documentário mostrava como os porcos selvagens gostam de chafurdar nas margens do pantanal.

O comentador afirmou que o governo está a chafurdar num lamaçal de mentiras.

Naquela ruela escura, era possível ver ratos a chafurdar no lixo acumulado.

A novela retrata uma família rica que chafurda em segredos e traições.

Parem de chafurdar na autocomiseração e comecem a trabalhar!

In summary, 'chafurdar' is a word that bridges the gap between the natural world and the complexities of human morality. It is heard in the mud of the countryside, the ink of the newspapers, and the pages of great literature. Its presence in a conversation usually signals a move toward a more intense, descriptive, and often critical tone. Whether it's a biologist talking about hippos or a social critic talking about the 'lamaçal' (mire) of society, 'chafurdar' remains a powerful tool for expressing the idea of being deeply, and often shamefully, stuck in something messy.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with chafurdar is using it too lightly. Because it translates to 'wallow', English speakers might use it to describe a relaxing bath or a pleasant soak. In Portuguese, 'chafurdar' is almost never pleasant unless you are a pig. Using it to describe yourself in a luxury spa would sound bizarre and self-deprecating. Instead, use 'banhar-se' or 'relaxar'. Another common error is forgetting the preposition 'em' (or its contractions 'na', 'no', 'nas', 'nos'). You don't just 'chafurdar a lama'; you 'chafurdar na lama'. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse 'chafurdar' with 'mergulhar' (to dive). While both involve being in a substance, 'mergulhar' implies a clean, intentional entry, whereas 'chafurdar' implies a messy, rolling, or degrading immersion.

Confusion with 'Nadar' or 'Banhar': Mistake: 'Eu gosto de chafurdar na piscina.' (I like to wallow in the pool.) Correct: 'Eu gosto de nadar na piscina.' (I like to swim in the pool.) Unless the pool is full of mud, 'chafurdar' is the wrong choice.

Incorrect Preposition Use: Mistake: 'Ele chafurdou o erro.' Correct: 'Ele chafurdou no erro.' (He wallowed in the error.) The verb requires the preposition to connect to the object of the wallowing.

Misunderstanding Formality: Using 'chafurdar' in a formal business setting to describe 'focusing' on a problem is too aggressive. Use 'aprofundar-se' (to deepen oneself) instead.

Errado: As crianças chafurdaram no perfume caro da mãe. (Wrong: The children wallowed in their mother's expensive perfume - unless they literally made a mess with it.)

Certo: O porco chafurdou na lama para se refrescar.

Errado: Eu vou chafurdar neste livro de gramática. (Wrong: I will wallow in this grammar book.)

Certo: Eles chafurdaram em dívidas antes de declarar falência.

Errado: O peixe chafurda no mar. (Wrong: The fish wallows in the sea.)

Finally, avoid overusing it in academic or very formal writing unless you are intentionally being provocative or descriptive. In a formal essay about economics, instead of saying a company is 'chafurdando em prejuízos' (wallowing in losses), you might say 'enfrentando sérios prejuízos' (facing serious losses). 'Chafurdar' is a word with high emotional color; use it when you want to make a strong point about the sordid nature of a situation, not as a general-purpose verb for 'being in' something.

While chafurdar is unique in its intensity, several other verbs in Portuguese share parts of its meaning. Understanding these can help you choose the right word for the right context. For the literal action of getting dirty, you might use 'enlamear-se' (to get muddy) or 'sujar-se' (to get dirty). For the figurative sense of involving oneself in something bad, 'atolar-se' (to get bogged down) or 'envolver-se' (to involve oneself) are common. If the emphasis is on the pleasure derived from something negative, 'deleitar-se' (to delight oneself) or 'comprazer-se' (to take pleasure in) could be used, though they lack the 'dirty' connotation of 'chafurdar'.

Chafurdar vs. Atolar-se: 'Atolar-se' means to get stuck in mud or a situation, focusing on the inability to move. 'Chafurdar' focuses on the rolling around and the immersion itself, often implying a choice or a habit.

Chafurdar vs. Enlamear: 'Enlamear' simply means to cover in mud. 'Chafurdar' is the active process of moving around in it. You can enlamear your shoes just by walking, but you must chafurdar to get your whole body covered.

Chafurdar vs. Mergulhar: 'Mergulhar' is 'to dive'. It is usually neutral or positive. 'Chafurdar' is 'to wallow' and is almost always negative or literal for animals.

Ele preferiu atolar-se em mentiras do que confessar a verdade.

A chuva intensa fez o carro enlamear a estrada inteira.

Não te deixes envolver por essas amizades tóxicas.

O pato gostava de chafurdar na pequena poça do quintal.

Ela costuma comprazer-se com o sofrimento alheio, o que é muito triste.

In literary contexts, you might also find 'voltar-se' or 'rebolar-se', but these lack the specific 'dirty' imagery that 'chafurdar' provides. When you choose 'chafurdar', you are deliberately invoking the image of a pig in the mud to make a point about the subject's environment or character. It is a word that carries its own atmosphere, making it a powerful addition to any Portuguese learner's vocabulary who wants to move beyond basic descriptions into more nuanced and vivid language.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word sounds like what it describes; the 'cha' and 'fur' syllables evoke the sound of splashing in thick mud.

発音ガイド

UK /ʃɐ.fuɾ.ˈðaɾ/

US /ʃa.fuɾ.ˈdaʁ/

The stress is on the last syllable: 'dar'.

韻が合う語

andar cantar falar lugar mar olhar pensar mudar

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ch' as 'k' (it should be 'sh').
Stressing the second syllable instead of the last.
Mixing up the 'u' sound with an 'o' sound.
Making the 'f' sound too soft.
Ignoring the nasal quality of the 'a' in some dialects.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to understand in context but requires knowing figurative uses.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct preposition use and awareness of its strong tone.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward for an -ar verb.

リスニング 3/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to pick out.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

lama porco sujo limpo água

次に学ぶ

lamaçal corrupção vício autocomiseração degradar

上級

sórdido imundície baixeza torpe abjeção

知っておくべき文法

Regular -ar verb conjugation

Eu chafurdo, tu chafurdas, ele chafurda.

Contraction of preposition 'em' with articles

chafurdar + em + a lama = chafurdar na lama.

Pronominal use for emphasis

Ele chafurdou-se todo (He got himself all messy).

Use of infinitive after 'gostar de'

O porco gosta de chafurdar.

Imperfect tense for continuous past states

Eles chafurdavam em dívidas.

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レベル別の例文

O porco gosta de chafurdar.

The pig likes to wallow.

Simple present tense with an infinitive.

O porco chafurda na lama.

The pig wallows in the mud.

Use of the preposition 'na' (em + a).

O animal chafurda na água.

The animal wallows in the water.

Basic subject-verb-complement structure.

Os porcos chafurdam muito.

The pigs wallow a lot.

Plural verb ending in -am.

Onde o porco chafurda?

Where does the pig wallow?

Interrogative sentence.

O porco não quer chafurdar hoje.

The pig does not want to wallow today.

Negative sentence with 'não'.

Eu vejo o porco chafurdar.

I see the pig wallow.

Perception verb followed by an infinitive.

É divertido ver o porco chafurdar.

It is fun to see the pig wallow.

Impersonal expression 'É divertido'.

Ontem, o meu cão chafurdou na lama.

Yesterday, my dog wallowed in the mud.

Pretérito Perfeito (simple past).

As crianças chafurdaram na poça de água.

The children wallowed in the water puddle.

Plural past tense.

Nós vamos chafurdar no rio este verão.

We are going to wallow in the river this summer.

Near future with 'ir' + infinitive.

Tu chafurdas sempre quando vais ao campo.

You always wallow when you go to the countryside.

Second person singular present tense.

O cavalo chafurdou para se limpar.

The horse wallowed to clean itself.

Purpose clause with 'para'.

Eles estão a chafurdar no jardim.

They are wallowing in the garden.

Present continuous (European style).

Você viu o porco chafurdar no lamaçal?

Did you see the pig wallow in the mire?

Formal 'você' in a question.

Não chafurdes na terra suja!

Don't wallow in the dirty soil!

Negative imperative.

Ele prefere chafurdar na sua própria tristeza.

He prefers to wallow in his own sadness.

Figurative use of the verb.

O político chafurda em escândalos de corrupção.

The politician wallows in corruption scandals.

Social/political metaphorical use.

É triste ver alguém chafurdar no vício.

It is sad to see someone wallow in vice.

Abstract noun 'vício' as a complement.

Parem de chafurdar no passado e olhem para o futuro.

Stop wallowing in the past and look to the future.

Imperative with abstract time concept.

Ela chafurdava em dívidas antes de ganhar a lotaria.

She was wallowing in debt before winning the lottery.

Imperfect tense (past continuous state).

Não quero chafurdar em fofocas sobre os vizinhos.

I don't want to wallow in gossip about the neighbors.

Negative infinitive construction.

O filme mostra como a elite chafurda no luxo.

The movie shows how the elite wallows in luxury.

Critique of social class.

Eles chafurdaram na ignorância durante anos.

They wallowed in ignorance for years.

Metaphor for lack of education/awareness.

A imprensa parece chafurdar na vida privada das celebridades.

The press seems to wallow in the private lives of celebrities.

Critique of media behavior.

Se continuares assim, vais chafurdar na mediocridade.

If you continue like this, you will wallow in mediocrity.

Future warning with 'se' clause.

O autor descreve uma sociedade que chafurda no egoísmo.

The author describes a society that wallows in selfishness.

Relative clause with 'que'.

Não permitas que a tua mente chafurde em pensamentos negativos.

Do not allow your mind to wallow in negative thoughts.

Subjunctive mood after 'permitir que'.

Eles chafurdaram num lamaçal de mentiras e traições.

They wallowed in a mire of lies and betrayals.

Strong metaphorical imagery.

Muitos artistas chafurdam na boémia para encontrar inspiração.

Many artists wallow in bohemian life to find inspiration.

Discussion of lifestyle and creativity.

A empresa chafurda em processos judiciais intermináveis.

The company is wallowing in endless lawsuits.

Business context.

Embora seja rico, ele chafurda na avareza.

Although he is rich, he wallows in greed.

Concessive clause with 'embora'.

A narrativa chafurda nos detalhes mais sórdidos da guerra.

The narrative wallows in the most sordid details of the war.

Literary analysis context.

É imperativo não deixar que o debate político chafurde na demagogia.

It is imperative not to let the political debate wallow in demagoguery.

Formal academic/political tone.

O protagonista chafurda numa existência desprovida de sentido.

The protagonist wallows in an existence devoid of meaning.

Existentialist vocabulary.

A crítica acusou o realizador de chafurdar no sentimentalismo barato.

The critic accused the director of wallowing in cheap sentimentalism.

Artistic critique.

Não podemos chafurdar na complacência enquanto o mundo arde.

We cannot wallow in complacency while the world burns.

Rhetorical call to action.

A obra chafurda nas contradições da alma humana.

The work wallows in the contradictions of the human soul.

Philosophical/Literary application.

Eles chafurdaram na lama da história para justificar os seus crimes.

They wallowed in the mud of history to justify their crimes.

Historical/Political metaphor.

A cidade chafurda num caos urbanístico sem precedentes.

The city wallows in an unprecedented urban chaos.

Urban planning/Social commentary.

A prosa de Eça de Queirós frequentemente faz as personagens chafurdar na sua própria hipocrisia.

The prose of Eça de Queirós often makes the characters wallow in their own hypocrisy.

High-level literary reference.

Há uma certa beleza decadente em chafurdar nas ruínas de uma glória passada.

There is a certain decadent beauty in wallowing in the ruins of a past glory.

Complex aesthetic judgment.

O sistema chafurda numa inércia burocrática que impede qualquer progresso.

The system wallows in a bureaucratic inertia that prevents any progress.

Institutional critique.

A alma, cansada de virtude, por vezes deseja chafurdar no abismo do proibido.

The soul, tired of virtue, sometimes desires to wallow in the abyss of the forbidden.

Poetic/Philosophical abstraction.

A opinião pública chafurda no sensacionalismo, ignorando a essência dos factos.

Public opinion wallows in sensationalism, ignoring the essence of the facts.

Sociological observation.

O texto chafurda em arcaísmos que dificultam a compreensão imediata.

The text wallows in archaisms that hinder immediate understanding.

Linguistic/Stylistic analysis.

Não é raro ver regimes totalitários chafurdar no sangue dos seus próprios cidadãos.

It is not rare to see totalitarian regimes wallow in the blood of their own citizens.

Extreme political metaphor.

A mente humana tem uma tendência mórbida para chafurdar no que a fere.

The human mind has a morbid tendency to wallow in what hurts it.

Psychological/Existential insight.

よく使う組み合わせ

chafurdar na lama

chafurdar na corrupção

chafurdar na miséria

chafurdar no vício

chafurdar no luxo

chafurdar no passado

chafurdar em dívidas

chafurdar no lamaçal

chafurdar em mentiras

chafurdar na autocomiseração

よく使うフレーズ

deixar-se chafurdar

— To allow oneself to stay in a bad state.

Ele deixou-se chafurdar na depressão.

chafurdar até ao pescoço

— To be deeply involved in something messy.

Estão chafurdados até ao pescoço neste crime.

chafurdar na imundície

— To wallow in literal or moral filth.

O local era horrível, todos chafurdavam na imundície.

chafurdar em elogios

— To be covered/overwhelmed by praise (rare, usually ironic).

O ator chafurdava em elogios da crítica.

chafurdar no sangue

— Used in violent contexts to describe carnage.

O campo de batalha chafurdava no sangue dos soldados.

ir chafurdar

— To go and get messy (often said to kids).

Vais chafurdar para o jardim de novo?

chafurdar na ignorância

— To remain stubbornly uneducated or unaware.

Não podemos permitir que o povo chafurde na ignorância.

chafurdar na lama da política

— To be involved in the dirty side of politics.

Ele nunca quis chafurdar na lama da política local.

chafurdar no ódio

— To be consumed by feelings of hatred.

As redes sociais fazem as pessoas chafurdar no ódio.

chafurdar em prazeres

— To indulge excessively in sensual pleasures.

O rei chafurdava em prazeres enquanto o reino caía.

よく混同される語

chafurdar vs mergulhar

'Mergulhar' is to dive (clean/neutral), 'chafurdar' is to wallow (dirty/negative).

chafurdar vs atolar

'Atolar' is to get stuck; 'chafurdar' is the action of rolling/moving in the mess.

chafurdar vs banhar

'Banhar' is to bathe (positive/hygienic); 'chafurdar' is the opposite of hygiene.

慣用句と表現

"chafurdar no mesmo lamaçal"

— To be involved in the same dirty business or scandal as others.

Todos os diretores chafurdavam no mesmo lamaçal.

informal/critical

"porco que chafurda não se limpa"

— Someone who enjoys bad habits won't change easily.

Não esperes mudança dele; porco que chafurda não se limpa.

proverbial/informal

"chafurdar na própria lama"

— To suffer the consequences of one's own dirty actions.

Ele acabou por chafurdar na própria lama que criou.

figurative

"chafurdar em águas turvas"

— To deal with suspicious or unclear matters.

O advogado gosta de chafurdar em águas turvas.

figurative

"chafurdar na baixeza"

— To act in a very mean or low way.

A discussão chafurdou na baixeza de insultos pessoais.

critical

"chafurdar na glória"

— To indulge excessively in one's own success (often ironic).

Ele chafurda na glória do passado e esquece o presente.

ironic

"chafurdar no erro"

— To persist in making mistakes without trying to fix them.

É um erro chafurdar no erro por orgulho.

neutral/moral

"chafurdar na lama da história"

— To be remembered for terrible or shameful things.

O ditador chafurdará para sempre na lama da história.

formal/literary

"chafurdar no lixo"

— To look through garbage or deal with worthless things.

O jornalismo sensacionalista adora chafurdar no lixo.

critical

"chafurdar na lama alheia"

— To get involved in other people's dirty secrets.

Não te metas a chafurdar na lama alheia.

informal

間違えやすい

chafurdar vs fossar

Both are associated with pigs.

'Fossar' is digging with the nose; 'chafurdar' is rolling the body in mud.

O porco fossava a terra antes de chafurdar na lama.

chafurdar vs rebolar

Both involve rolling movements.

'Rebolar' is just to roll (like a ball or dancing); 'chafurdar' requires a messy substance.

A criança rebolou na grama, mas o porco chafurdou na lama.

chafurdar vs enlamear

Both involve mud.

'Enlamear' is the state of being muddy; 'chafurdar' is the active behavior.

Ele enlameou as botas, mas não chafurdou no lamaçal.

chafurdar vs mergulhar

Both involve immersion.

'Mergulhar' implies a deep, often vertical entry into water; 'chafurdar' is shallow and messy.

Eu mergulhei na piscina, o porco chafurdou na poça.

chafurdar vs afundar

Both involve going into something.

'Afundar' is to sink; 'chafurdar' is to stay on the surface or in the shallows moving around.

O navio afundou no mar; o hipopótamo chafurdou no rio.

文型パターン

[Animal] chafurda na [substance].

O porco chafurda na lama.

[Person/Animal] chafurdou em [place/substance].

O cão chafurdou no jardim.

Não chafurdes em [abstract noun].

Não chafurdes na tristeza.

A imprensa chafurda em [plural noun].

A imprensa chafurda em boatos.

É inaceitável chafurdar na [social concept].

É inaceitável chafurdar na mediocridade.

[Subject] chafurda em [complex metaphor].

A alma chafurda no abismo da dúvida.

[Subject] deixou-se chafurdar em [situation].

Ele deixou-se chafurdar na preguiça.

[Subject] prefere chafurdar do que [verb].

Ele prefere chafurdar no erro do que pedir desculpa.

語族

名詞

chafurdo (pigsty/dirty place)

chafurdeiro (someone who wallows/dirty person)

chafurdice (dirty action/mess)

動詞

chafurdar (to wallow)

形容詞

chafurdado (wallowed/dirty)

chafurdante (that which wallows)

使い方

frequency

Common in journalism and literature; rare in polite casual conversation unless literal.

よくある間違い

Eu chafurdo na piscina. → Eu nado na piscina.
Chafurdar implies dirt or mud, not a clean swimming pool.
O porco chafurda a lama. → O porco chafurda na lama.
You need the preposition 'em' (na = em + a).
Ele chafurda no seu trabalho novo. → Ele mergulha no seu trabalho novo.
Chafurdar is negative; use 'mergulhar' for positive deep involvement.
Não cafurdes na terra. → Não chafurdes na terra.
The 'ch' is pronounced 'sh', not 'k'.
Ele chafurdou a sua reputação. → Ele chafurdou a sua reputação na lama.
Chafurdar is usually intransitive or needs a prepositional phrase to show the 'where'.

ヒント

Think of the Pig

Always keep the image of a pig in mud in mind. This will help you remember the 'dirty' and 'immersion' aspects of the word.

Connect with 'Em'

The verb almost never stands alone when describing what someone is doing. Always add 'em' + the thing.

Use for Impact

Save 'chafurdar' for when you want to make a strong point. It's a high-impact word that shows strong emotion.

The 'CH' Sound

Remember it's a 'sh' sound, like 'shoe'. Don't say 'ka-furdar'.

Watch the News

Try to spot this word in Portuguese news headlines. It's a great way to see its figurative use in action.

Read Realist Authors

Authors like Eça de Queirós use this word perfectly to describe social decay.

Emotions are Mud

When you feel stuck in a bad mood, you can say you are 'chafurdando na tristeza'.

Compare with Atolar

If you are stuck and can't move, use 'atolar'. If you are moving around in the mess, use 'chafurdar'.

Avoid for Spas

Never use 'chafurdar' for a nice bath or a swimming pool unless you want to sound like you're in a pigsty.

Sha-fur-dar

Break it down: Sha (like quiet), Fur (like a cat), Dar (like to give). Quietly a furry cat gives... wait, no, just use the pig!

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'CHArcoal' pig 'FURiously' 'DARting' into the mud. CHA-FUR-DAR.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant pink pig wearing a crown, rolling in a pile of chocolate (mud) while looking very happy.

Word Web

lama (mud) porco (pig) sujeira (dirt) vício (vice) corrupção (corruption) tristeza (sadness) lamaçal (mire) revolcar (to roll)

チャレンジ

Try to use 'chafurdar' in a sentence about a political scandal you read about recently.

語源

The word 'chafurdar' is believed to have evolved from the noun 'chafurdo', which refers to a pigsty or a place where pigs roll in the mud.

元の意味： To roll in a pigsty or mud.

Romance (Portuguese).

文化的な背景

Be careful: using this to describe a person's lifestyle is highly offensive as it compares them to a pig.

Similar to 'wallow' in English, but 'chafurdar' feels slightly more graphic and animalistic.

Eça de Queirós (frequent use in his realist novels) Modern Brazilian political commentary (often used to describe 'Lava Jato' era scandals) Portuguese fado lyrics (occasionally used to describe wallowing in 'saudade' or 'miséria')

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Farm/Nature

chafurdar no lamaçal
porcos a chafurdar
chafurdar para refrescar
chafurdar na margem

Politics/Scandal

chafurdar na corrupção
chafurdar em escândalos
chafurdar no lamaçal político
chafurdar em subornos

Psychology/Emotions

chafurdar na tristeza
chafurdar na autocomiseração
chafurdar no passado
não chafurdes no erro

Social Critique

chafurdar no luxo
chafurdar na ignorância
chafurdar na mediocridade
chafurdar na miséria

Daily Life (Kids/Pets)

chafurdar na poça
ir chafurdar lá fora
estás todo chafurdado
chafurdar na terra

会話のきっかけ

"Já viste como os porcos gostam de chafurdar na lama?"

"Achais que é saudável chafurdar no passado?"

"Porque é que a imprensa gosta tanto de chafurdar na vida alheia?"

"Alguma vez viste o teu cão chafurdar depois de um banho?"

"Como podemos evitar que a política chafurde na corrupção?"

日記のテーマ

Escreve sobre uma situação em que viste alguém chafurdar na autocomiseração.

Descreve uma cena de uma quinta onde os animais estão a chafurdar.

Reflete sobre a expressão 'chafurdar na ignorância' na sociedade atual.

Já alguma vez te sentiste tentado a chafurdar no passado? Como saíste disso?

Imagina um diálogo entre dois porcos que estão a chafurdar calmamente.

よくある質問

10 問

Generally, no. It almost always implies dirt, vice, or misery. Using it for something positive like 'chafurdar em chocolate' would be ironic or very informal.

The meaning is the same, but in Brazil, it's very commonly used in political slang and news. In Portugal, it retains a slightly more traditional or literary feel.

Always use 'em' (and its contractions like 'na', 'no'). For example: 'chafurdar na lama'.

It is common in specific contexts like the news or literature, but you won't hear it every day in casual conversation unless someone is being critical.

No, 'mergulhar num livro' is the correct expression. 'Chafurdar num livro' would imply the book is dirty or bad.

If used to describe a person's behavior, yes, it is quite insulting as it compares them to an animal in filth.

It's regular: eu chafurdei, tu chafurdaste, ele chafurdou, nós chafurdámos, eles chafurdaram.

A 'chafurdo' is a noun meaning a pigsty or any very dirty, neglected place.

Yes, any animal that rolls in mud or shallow water, like hippos, elephants, or buffaloes, can be said to 'chafurdar'.

Yes, occasionally fado lyrics use it to describe a deep, almost wallowing sense of misery or social hardship.

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