desmaiar 30秒で
- Desmaiar means to faint or pass out due to physical or emotional reasons.
- It is a regular -ar verb in Portuguese and is not used reflexively.
- The noun form is 'desmaio', which means a fainting spell or syncope.
- It can figuratively mean to fade, especially when referring to colors or light.
The Portuguese verb desmaiar primarily refers to the physiological act of losing consciousness, typically for a brief period. It is the direct equivalent of the English verb 'to faint' or 'to pass out'. In a clinical or everyday setting, it describes a sudden loss of strength and awareness, often caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain, emotional shock, or physical exhaustion. Beyond the medical definition, desmaiar carries a secondary meaning in the world of aesthetics and textiles: it can mean to fade or lose color intensity, though this usage is more common in literary or specialized contexts. When a person feels like they are about to faint, they might use the expression 'estar prestes a desmaiar' or 'sentir um desmaio vindo'.
- Medical Context
- Used when someone loses consciousness due to low blood pressure, heat, or seeing something shocking like blood.
- Metaphorical Context
- Used to describe colors that have lost their vibrancy over time, becoming pale or 'faint'.
- Emotional Context
- Often found in literature to describe a character overwhelmed by news, though in modern speech, it remains literal.
Ela sentiu uma tontura forte e acabou por desmaiar no meio da rua.
In Brazil and Portugal, the word is used identically in most scenarios. However, the cultural reaction to a 'desmaio' might vary. In Brazilian soap operas (telenovelas), characters often 'desmaiam' for dramatic effect after a shocking revelation. In a more practical sense, if you see someone looking pale (pálido), you might ask 'Você vai desmaiar?' (Are you going to faint?). It is a regular -ar verb, making its conjugation predictable for learners. Understanding this word is crucial for health-related conversations and for narrating dramatic events in past tenses, where it often appears in the Pretérito Perfeito (desmaiou).
O calor estava tão intenso que vários soldados desmaiaram durante o desfile.
The word also appears in the context of hunger. 'Desmaiar de fome' is a common exaggeration used when someone is extremely hungry and feels weak. Similarly, 'desmaiar de rir' (to faint from laughing) is a hyperbole used when something is incredibly funny. While the primary use is serious and medical, these colloquialisms show the word's versatility in everyday Portuguese speech. Always remember to check the subject's physical state; if they are just sleeping deeply, use 'apagar' or 'capotar' (slang), but if it is a loss of consciousness, 'desmaiar' is the correct choice.
Using desmaiar correctly requires attention to the cause and the result. Since it is an intransitive verb in its primary sense, it doesn't usually take a direct object. You simply state who fainted. For example, 'Ele desmaiou.' (He fainted). If you want to specify the cause, you use the preposition 'de' followed by the reason, such as 'de calor' (from heat), 'de susto' (from a scare), or 'de dor' (from pain).
- Past Action
- Ontem, a Maria desmaiou na academia porque não tinha comido nada.
- Hypothetical/Conditional
- Se eu visse um fantasma, eu com certeza desmaiaria de medo.
- Continuous Action
- Ela está quase desmaiando de tanto cansaço.
Muitas pessoas desmaiam ao doar sangue pela primeira vez.
When using the verb in a medical context, it is often paired with the noun 'desmaio' (a faint/swoon). You might say 'Ele teve um desmaio' (He had a fainting spell). However, using the verb 'desmaiar' is more direct and common in spoken language. In the figurative sense of colors fading, you would say 'O sol fez a cor da cortina desmaiar' (The sun made the color of the curtain fade). This is a more sophisticated use and less common in basic conversation.
O paciente desmaiou logo após a cirurgia.
Grammatically, 'desmaiar' follows the pattern of regular verbs ending in -ar like 'falar' or 'cantar'. In the present tense: eu desmaio, tu desmaias, ele desmaia, nós desmaiamos, vós desmaiais, eles desmaiam. In the past: eu desmaiei, ele desmaiou, eles desmaiaram. Because it describes a sudden event, the Pretérito Perfeito is its most frequent home. It is also important to note that 'desmaiar' is never used for objects breaking or failing, only for biological entities or, rarely, colors.
In the real world, desmaiar is a word you hope not to hear too often, but it is ubiquitous in specific environments. In a hospital (hospital) or a clinic (clínica), nurses and doctors frequently use it to describe a patient's symptoms. You will hear questions like 'Você já desmaiou alguma vez?' (Have you ever fainted?). In public spaces, if someone collapses, bystanders will shout 'Alguém desmaiou!' (Someone fainted!), signaling a need for help.
- News & Media
- News reports often mention people fainting during protests, concerts, or extreme heat waves.
- Movies & Literature
- Used for dramatic effect when a character receives life-altering news.
- Gyms & Sports
- Coaches might warn athletes about 'desmaiar' due to overexertion or dehydration.
Durante o show de rock, vários fãs desmaiaram por causa do calor humano e da emoção.
Another common place to hear this word is in the context of extreme weather. During the 'verão' (summer) in Brazil, news outlets frequently report on the elderly 'desmaiando' due to high temperatures. In schools, teachers might report a student who 'desmaiou na aula de educação física'. The word is standard across all levels of formality; it is neither too slangy for a doctor nor too academic for a child to use. It is the 'go-to' term for this physical state.
O médico perguntou: 'Você sente que vai desmaiar quando vê agulhas?'
In literature, especially from the Romantic period, 'desmaiar' was used to show deep sensitivity. A heroine might 'desmaiar' upon seeing her lover. While this is less common in modern life, it remains a staple of Portuguese-language storytelling. In slang, young people might say 'desmaiei na cama' to mean they fell asleep very quickly, though 'apagar' is more common for that specific meaning. Overall, 'desmaiar' is a versatile word that bridges the gap between medical necessity and everyday drama.
The most frequent mistake English speakers make when using desmaiar is treating it as a reflexive verb. In Spanish, 'to faint' is 'desmayarse', but in Portuguese, it is simply 'desmaiar'. Saying 'Eu me desmaiei' is incorrect; the correct form is 'Eu desmaiei'. Another common error is confusing 'desmaiar' with 'dormir' (to sleep) or 'cochilar' (to nap). While 'passing out' in English can sometimes mean falling into a deep sleep, 'desmaiar' in Portuguese almost always implies a medical or physiological loss of consciousness.
- Reflexive Error
- Incorrect: Ela se desmaiou. Correct: Ela desmaiou.
- Confusion with Sleeping
- Don't use 'desmaiar' if you just mean you were very tired and went to sleep quickly. Use 'apagar' or 'dormir' instead.
- Preposition Usage
- Always use 'de' to indicate the cause (desmaiar de fome), not 'por' or 'com' in most standard cases.
Muitos alunos confundem desmaiar com 'desanimar' (to lose heart), mas os significados são bem diferentes.
Learners also sometimes struggle with the spelling, specifically the 'i' after the 'a'. It is 'desm-a-i-ar'. Some may try to spell it 'desmayar' like in Spanish. Additionally, ensure you don't confuse 'desmaio' (the noun) with 'desmaio' (the first-person present verb). 'Eu desmaio' (I faint) vs 'O desmaio' (The faint). Context usually clears this up, but it's good to be aware of the identical spelling in the first person present.
Cuidado para não usar desmaiar quando quiser dizer que alguém apenas tropeçou e caiu.
Finally, avoid using 'desmaiar' for machines or computers that stop working. For a computer 'fainting' or crashing, the verb is 'travar' or 'pifar'. 'Desmaiar' is strictly for living beings and colors. By keeping these distinctions in mind, you will avoid the most common pitfalls and sound much more like a native speaker who understands the nuances of Portuguese verbs.
While desmaiar is the most common word for fainting, Portuguese offers several alternatives depending on the register and the specific nuance you wish to convey. Understanding these synonyms will help you understand more complex texts and express yourself with greater precision. For instance, 'perder os sentidos' is a very common and slightly more formal way to say someone fainted, literally meaning 'to lose one's senses'.
- Desfalecer
- More formal and literary. It implies a gradual loss of strength leading to a faint. Often used in poetry.
- Apagar
- Informal slang. Literally 'to turn off'. Used when someone passes out suddenly, often from exhaustion or alcohol.
- Ter um chilique
- Slang for having a 'fit' or a dramatic episode that might involve a fake faint.
O herói da história desfaleceu após dias sem água no deserto.
Another useful phrase is 'cair duro', which is quite informal and means to drop dead or to faint very suddenly and heavily. 'Perder a consciência' is the clinical, medical equivalent. If you want to describe the feeling before fainting, you use 'sentir-se mal' (to feel bad/unwell) or 'ter uma tontura' (to have a dizzy spell). In Portugal, 'desfalecimento' is a noun often used in medical reports instead of just 'desmaio'.
Ela não desmaiou de verdade; ela apenas fingiu um desmaio para chamar atenção.
In terms of opposites, you might use 'acordar' (to wake up) or 'voltar a si' (to come to/regain consciousness). 'Recuperar os sentidos' is the direct antonym for 'perder os sentidos'. Knowing these pairs allows you to tell a full story: 'Ele desmaiou, mas logo voltou a si' (He fainted, but soon came to). By mastering these alternatives, you expand your vocabulary and can adapt your speech to any social or professional situation in the Lusophone world.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
In old Portuguese, the word was sometimes associated with the 'month of May' (maio) because people believed the changing weather in May caused more fainting spells, though this is likely a folk etymology.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 's' as 'ss' (it should be 'z' because it is before a voiced consonant 'm').
- Missing the 'i' sound (saying 'des-mar' instead of 'des-mai-ar').
- Stressing the second syllable instead of the last.
- Making the 'r' too guttural like a French 'r' (unless in specific Lisbon or Rio accents).
- Treating 'ai' as two separate syllables (it is a diphthong).
難易度
Very common word, easy to recognize in text.
Requires remembering the 'i' and avoiding reflexive 'se'.
The 's' sound as 'z' and the final 'r' need practice.
Distinct sound, usually clear in context.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
レベル別の例文
Eu vou desmaiar.
I am going to faint.
Present tense with 'ir' + infinitive.
Ela desmaiou na escola.
She fainted at school.
Pretérito Perfeito (past).
Você desmaiou?
Did you faint?
Interrogative past tense.
Ele desmaia quando vê sangue.
He faints when he sees blood.
Present tense for habits.
Não desmaie, por favor!
Don't faint, please!
Negative imperative.
O calor faz as pessoas desmaiar.
The heat makes people faint.
Infinitive after 'fazer'.
Eu nunca desmaiei.
I have never fainted.
Negative past tense.
Maria desmaiou de fome.
Maria fainted from hunger.
Preposition 'de' for cause.
Ontem, um homem desmaiou na rua.
Yesterday, a man fainted in the street.
Simple past with time marker.
Ela quase desmaiou de susto.
She almost fainted from a scare.
'Quase' modifies the verb.
O médico perguntou se eu desmaiei.
The doctor asked if I fainted.
Indirect speech.
Nós desmaiamos por causa do calor.
We fainted because of the heat.
First person plural past.
Eles desmaiam se ficarem muito tempo em pé.
They faint if they stay standing for too long.
Conditional 'se' clause.
Você se sente mal antes de desmaiar?
Do you feel bad before fainting?
Gerund/Infinitive use.
O desmaio durou apenas alguns segundos.
The faint lasted only a few seconds.
Using 'desmaio' as a noun.
Ela desmaiou e caiu no chão.
She fainted and fell on the floor.
Two sequential verbs in past.
Se eu visse um acidente, eu desmaiaria.
If I saw an accident, I would faint.
Conditional tense.
Ela estava desmaiando quando o socorro chegou.
She was fainting when help arrived.
Past continuous (imperfeito).
É comum desmaiar durante o jejum.
It is common to faint during fasting.
Impersonal expression.
Eu espero que ele não desmaie com a notícia.
I hope he doesn't faint with the news.
Present subjunctive.
Muitas pessoas desmaiaram no show do ídolo.
Many people fainted at the idol's concert.
Plural past tense.
Depois de desmaiar, ele foi levado ao hospital.
After fainting, he was taken to the hospital.
Preposition 'depois de' + infinitive.
Senti que ia desmaiar e me sentei.
I felt I was going to faint and I sat down.
Imperfect + future of the past structure.
Ela desmaiou de rir com a piada dele.
She fainted from laughing at his joke.
Idiomatic/hyperbolic use.
A cor da blusa desmaiou após tantas lavagens.
The shirt's color faded after so many washes.
Figurative use for colors.
O paciente desmaiou devido a uma queda de pressão.
The patient fainted due to a drop in blood pressure.
Formal cause 'devido a'.
Caso ela desmaie, coloque-a deitada de lado.
In case she faints, place her lying on her side.
Subjunctive after 'caso'.
Ele desmaiou, mas recuperou os sentidos rapidamente.
He fainted, but regained consciousness quickly.
Contrast using 'mas'.
Não é raro desmaiar em altitudes elevadas.
It is not rare to faint at high altitudes.
Negative impersonal construction.
O ator desmaiou no palco durante a peça.
The actor fainted on stage during the play.
Location and time markers.
Sempre que ela vê sangue, acaba por desmaiar.
Whenever she sees blood, she ends up fainting.
'Acaba por' + infinitive structure.
O cheiro forte me fez quase desmaiar.
The strong smell made me almost faint.
Causative structure.
Ao receber a notícia do falecimento, ela desfaleceu.
Upon receiving the news of the passing, she fainted/swooned.
Use of 'desfaleceu' for formal tone.
A luz do sol desmaiava as tapeçarias antigas.
The sunlight was fading the ancient tapestries.
Transitive figurative use in the imperfect.
Houve um desfalecimento geral na plateia com o calor.
There was a general fainting spell in the audience with the heat.
Nominalization 'desfalecimento'.
É imperativo agir rápido se alguém desmaiar na sua frente.
It is imperative to act quickly if someone faints in front of you.
Future subjunctive 'desmaiar'.
Ela desmaiou de exaustão após a maratona.
She fainted from exhaustion after the marathon.
Specific noun of cause.
O brilho das estrelas parecia desmaiar com a aurora.
The brightness of the stars seemed to fade with the dawn.
Poetic/metaphorical use.
Ele sentiu um baque e desmaiou instantaneamente.
He felt a thud and fainted instantaneously.
Adverb of manner.
A síncope, ou desmaio, pode ter causas diversas.
Syncope, or fainting, can have various causes.
Technical terminology.
A palidez súbita precedeu o desmaio inevitável.
The sudden paleness preceded the inevitable faint.
Formal narrative style.
As cores da pintura desmaiaram sob a ação do tempo.
The painting's colors faded under the action of time.
Abstract subject.
Embora tentasse resistir, acabou por desmaiar de dor.
Although he tried to resist, he ended up fainting from pain.
Concessive clause.
O desmaio foi provocado por um choque anafilático.
The faint was caused by anaphylactic shock.
Passive voice.
Ela descreveu a sensação de desmaiar como um 'apagar de luzes'.
She described the sensation of fainting as a 'lights out'.
Quotation and metaphor.
A frequência com que desmaiava preocupava os neurologistas.
The frequency with which he fainted worried the neurologists.
Relative clause with 'com que'.
O calor era tal que até os mais fortes desmaiavam.
The heat was such that even the strongest fainted.
Consecutive clause 'tal que'.
Desmaiar, nesse contexto, é uma resposta vagovagal.
Fainting, in this context, is a vasovagal response.
Gerund as a subject noun.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— I'm going to faint! Used when feeling very weak or overwhelmed.
Que calor! Vou desmaiar!
— He fainted completely/truly. Usually implies a deep faint.
Depois da batida, ele desmaiou de vez.
— Ready to faint. Usually used for extreme tiredness.
Trabalhei 12 horas, estou pronto para desmaiar.
— To be extremely sleepy, almost losing consciousness.
Estou desmaiando de sono aqui.
慣用句と表現
— To laugh so hard you feel weak or like you're losing air.
Nós desmaiamos de rir com aquela história.
Informal— Not directly 'desmaiar', but often used when someone 'falls' for a trick and faints in shock.
Ele caiu como um patinho e desmaiou.
Slang— When your mind 'faints' or goes blank.
Na hora da prova, me deu um branco e quase desmaiei.
Informal— To see stars (usually before fainting).
Bati a cabeça e vi estrelas antes de desmaiar.
Neutral— To be in shock, often leading to fainting.
Ela ficou em estado de choque e desmaiou.
Neutral— To lose one's footing (emotionally), often leading to a faint.
Quando soube, perdeu o chão e desmaiou.
Informal— In some contexts, to 'faint' or stop a heated situation.
A notícia apagou o fogo e ela desmaiou.
Informal— To fall/faint without being pushed, like a ripe fruit.
Ele estava tão bêbado que caiu de maduro.
Informal— To go 'poof' or faint/die (humorous).
Minha pressão foi para o beleléu e eu desmaiei.
Slang— To get very pale, usually right before fainting.
Ele ficou pálido como um palmito e desmaiou.
Informal語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Diz-MY-R' (Dizzy-My-Air). When you faint (desmaiar), you are dizzy and need air.
視覚的連想
Imagine a bright red shirt in the sun turning pale (desmaiado) and then a person falling over next to it.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use 'desmaiar' in three different tenses today: once for a past event, once for a future possibility, and once in a question.
語源
From the Vulgar Latin *dis-maginare, which meant to lose one's image or strength. It is composed of the prefix 'des-' (removal/negation) and a root related to 'maio' or 'magan' (power/strength).
元の意味： To lose strength or power.
Romance (Indo-European).文化的な背景
Be careful when using 'desmaiar' to describe someone's appearance (pálido/desmaiado) as it can sound like they look sickly.
English speakers often use 'pass out' casually for sleep, but in Portuguese, 'desmaiar' is almost always medical/physical.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Medical Emergency
- Ele desmaiou!
- Chame uma ambulância!
- Ele está respirando?
- Ele já desmaiou antes?
Extreme Weather
- Está muito quente, vou desmaiar.
- Beba água para não desmaiar.
- O sol está forte demais.
- Muita gente desmaiou no calor.
Emotional Shock
- Desmaiei de susto.
- Quase desmaiei com a notícia.
- Ela desmaia quando vê sangue.
- Foi uma emoção tão grande que ele desmaiou.
Hyperbole/Humor
- Desmaiei de rir.
- Vou desmaiar de tanta fome.
- Aquele perfume me fez desmaiar.
- Desmaiei de sono na aula.
Art/Colors
Summary
The word 'desmaiar' is the standard Portuguese verb for fainting. Unlike Spanish, it is not reflexive. Example: 'Ela desmaiou de calor' (She fainted from the heat). Use it for sudden loss of consciousness in both casual and medical settings.
- Desmaiar means to faint or pass out due to physical or emotional reasons.
- It is a regular -ar verb in Portuguese and is not used reflexively.
- The noun form is 'desmaio', which means a fainting spell or syncope.
- It can figuratively mean to fade, especially when referring to colors or light.
例文
Ela desmaiou devido ao calor excessivo.
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