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A2 noun #1,500 よく出る 9分で読める

espírito

上位1,500

練習する例文メモとヒント espírito 30秒で

解説 espírito in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'espírito' in its most basic forms. You will likely encounter it in religious phrases like 'Espírito Santo' (Holy Spirit) or in very simple descriptions of mood. For a beginner, think of it as a word for 'the inside part of a person' that isn't the body. You might see it in greetings or simple holiday wishes like 'espírito de Natal' (Christmas spirit). At this stage, just remember that it is a masculine noun ('o espírito') and focus on its connection to basic feelings and religious icons. You don't need to worry about complex philosophical uses yet. Just know that when people talk about 'bom espírito', they mean someone is being nice or is in a good mood. It's a foundational word for describing things you can't touch but can feel.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'espírito' in more practical, everyday contexts. This is where you learn about 'espírito de equipe' (team spirit), which is very common in school or work environments. You should be able to describe someone's character using the word, such as saying someone has a 'espírito jovem' (young spirit) or an 'espírito aventureiro' (adventurous spirit). You will also start to notice it in more idiomatic expressions. For example, in Brazil, you might hear 'espírito de porco' to describe someone who is being annoying. You should be comfortable using 'espírito' with basic adjectives and understanding that it refers to a person's general attitude or the 'vibe' of a situation. It's about moving from the literal to the slightly more abstract.

By B1, you are expected to understand 'espírito' in more nuanced social and cultural discussions. You can use it to talk about the 'espírito da lei' (the spirit/intent of the law) versus the 'letra da lei' (the literal text). This shows a deeper grasp of how the word functions to describe underlying meanings. You will also encounter it in literary texts or news articles discussing the 'espírito público' (public spirit) or 'espírito de cidadania' (spirit of citizenship). Your vocabulary should now include phrases like 'estar de bom espírito' to describe a temporary state of mind. You are starting to see how 'espírito' connects to broader concepts like national identity or historical movements, though you might still be refining the exact differences between 'espírito' and 'alma'.

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At the B2 level, your use of 'espírito' should be quite sophisticated. You can participate in debates about the 'espírito do tempo' (Zeitgeist) and how it influences art and politics. You understand the philosophical weight the word carries in Portuguese thought. You can use it to describe complex psychological traits, like 'espírito crítico' (a critical mind) or 'espírito de observação' (keen observation skills). You are also aware of the word's role in more formal religious or spiritualist discourses, which are common in many Portuguese-speaking countries. You can distinguish between 'espírito' as an entity and 'espírito' as a metaphor for essence. Your ability to use the word in varied registers—from slang to formal writing—is becoming much more natural.

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At the C1 level, you have a near-native grasp of the word's many layers. You can use 'espírito' in academic or professional settings to discuss the 'espírito empreendedor' (entrepreneurial spirit) or the 'espírito científico' (scientific spirit) with precision. You understand the historical and literary references associated with the word, such as the 'espírito lusitano' in the works of Camões or Pessoa. You can use the word to articulate very subtle differences in human behavior and social trends. Your writing uses 'espírito' to add depth and abstraction, and you are fully aware of all its idiomatic uses across different Portuguese dialects. You can switch between the supernatural, the psychological, and the metaphorical meanings of the word without hesitation, choosing the right context every time.

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At the C2 level, 'espírito' is a tool for profound expression. You can engage in high-level philosophical or theological discussions about the nature of the 'espírito' vs. 'matéria' (matter). You understand the word's role in the history of ideas, from Hegelian 'espírito' to the specific Lusophone interpretations of the term. You can use it with poetic flair in creative writing or with absolute technical precision in legal or philosophical critiques. You are aware of the most obscure idioms and historical usages of the word. For you, 'espírito' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual category that you can manipulate to express the most complex aspects of human existence, culture, and thought. Your mastery is complete, reflecting a deep immersion in the language and its underlying worldviews.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

espírito 30秒で

Espírito is a masculine noun in Portuguese that means spirit, soul, mood, or wit, depending on the context in which it is used.
It is commonly used in phrases like 'espírito de equipe' (team spirit) and 'espírito de Natal' (Christmas spirit) to describe a collective feeling.
In religious contexts, it refers to the 'Espírito Santo' (Holy Spirit) or the eternal soul that survives after a person's physical death.
It can also describe a person's character or temperament, such as having a 'free spirit' or being in a 'good spirit' (good mood).

The Portuguese word espírito is a multifaceted noun that transcends a single definition, acting as a bridge between the physical and the metaphysical, the individual and the collective. At its core, it refers to the non-physical essence of a human being—what many call the soul or the seat of consciousness. However, in Portuguese, its application is far broader than the English word 'spirit' might initially suggest to a beginner. It encompasses the mind, the temperament, the underlying intent of a law, and even the supernatural presence of a ghost or deity. Understanding espírito requires navigating through layers of theology, psychology, and social dynamics.

Metaphysical Essence: In a religious or philosophical context, it represents the eternal part of a person. It is that which survives the body and connects with the divine. In Lusophone cultures, which are deeply influenced by Catholicism and Spiritism (especially in Brazil), the 'espírito' is a common subject of serious discussion regarding life after death.

Acredita-se que o espírito encontra a paz após a jornada terrena.

Psychological State: It frequently describes a person's mood or character. If someone is in a 'bom espírito', they are in a good mood or have a positive disposition. It also refers to 'wit'—the sharpness of mind that allows for cleverness and humor. A person with 'espírito vivo' is someone mentally agile and bright.

Ela sempre enfrenta os problemas com um espírito otimista e resiliente.

Collective Identity: The word also captures the 'vibe' or 'ethos' of a group or an era. 'Espírito de equipe' (team spirit) is essential in sports and business, denoting the willingness to cooperate for a common goal. Similarly, 'espírito da época' translates the German 'Zeitgeist', referring to the general intellectual or moral climate of a specific period in history.

O espírito de união foi fundamental para o sucesso do projeto comunitário.

O juiz decidiu com base no espírito da constituição, não apenas no texto frio.

Dizem que um espírito assombra aquela velha casa abandonada na colina.

In summary, espírito is a word that moves from the most intimate internal thoughts of a person to the grandest historical movements. It is masculine (o espírito) and its plural form is espíritos. Whether you are discussing a ghost story, a team's motivation, or a philosophical treatise, this word is your primary tool for describing the intangible forces that drive human existence.

Using espírito correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its various idiomatic pairings. It is a versatile term that fits into formal, religious, and casual registers. To master its use, one must look at how it interacts with adjectives and prepositions to shift its meaning from 'ghost' to 'mood' to 'essence'.

Describing Personality: When used with adjectives, it defines a person's nature. 'Espírito livre' (free spirit) describes someone unconventional. 'Espírito aventureiro' (adventurous spirit) is for those who love risks. Note that the adjective follows the noun, adhering to standard Portuguese syntax.

Ele tem um espírito indomável que ninguém consegue controlar.

The 'Spirit of' Construction: The structure 'espírito de [noun]' is incredibly common. 'Espírito de sacrifício' (spirit of sacrifice), 'espírito de contradição' (tendency to disagree), and 'espírito de Natal' (Christmas spirit) are standard phrases. This construction identifies the prevailing quality of an action or a time.

Não seja um espírito de porco; ajude-nos a terminar o trabalho!

Religious and Supernatural Use: When referring to the Holy Spirit, it is always capitalized: 'Espírito Santo'. When referring to ghosts or entities, it is usually lowercase. You will often see it used with verbs like 'invocar' (to invoke) or 'sentir' (to feel).

Muitas religiões acreditam na comunicação com os espíritos.

O professor estava de bom espírito e cancelou a prova.

O espírito crítico é essencial para a ciência.

Whether you are using it to describe a ghost, a mood, or a legal intent, remember that espírito is the 'driver' or the 'essence' behind the physical manifestation. It is a word that demands context to be fully understood, but its versatility makes it indispensable for any learner reaching the A2 level and beyond.

The word espírito echoes through many corridors of Portuguese-speaking life. From the solemnity of a cathedral to the high-energy environment of a football stadium, you will encounter this word frequently. Its presence in daily speech is a testament to the cultural importance of the intangible in Lusophone societies.

In Religious Settings: In Portugal and Brazil, Catholicism and Spiritism are significant. You will hear 'Espírito Santo' in prayers, masses, and even in the names of places (like the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo). In Spiritist centers, 'espírito' is the central term for the entities being studied or contacted.

Em nome do Pai, do Filho e do Espírito Santo, amém.

In Sports and Workplaces: Coaches and managers constantly talk about 'espírito de equipe' (team spirit) or 'espírito vencedor' (winning spirit). It is used to motivate and to describe the collective energy of a group working toward a goal.

A equipe mostrou um grande espírito de luta até o último minuto.

In Literature and Philosophy: Portuguese literature, from Camões to Fernando Pessoa, is obsessed with the 'espírito'. It is used to discuss the national identity ('o espírito lusitano') and the internal struggles of the human condition.

O espírito humano é capaz de grandes feitos e profundas tristezas.

Houve um forte espírito de solidariedade entre os vizinhos após a enchente.

Ele tem um espírito muito jovem para a idade dele.

From the abstract to the practical, espírito is everywhere. It is a word that helps Portuguese speakers articulate the 'why' behind the 'what', providing a vocabulary for the unseen forces that shape our world.

While espírito is a cognate of 'spirit', its usage doesn't always align perfectly with English. Learners often stumble on gender, specific idiomatic meanings, and the distinction between 'espírito' and other related terms like 'alma' or 'fantasma'.

The Gender Trap: A common mistake for beginners is treating 'espírito' as feminine because it ends in 'o' but refers to abstract concepts which are often feminine in other languages. Remember: it is always o espírito (masculine). Saying 'a espírito' is a clear marker of a non-native speaker.

A espírito é forte. → O espírito é forte.

Espírito vs. Fantasma: In English, 'spirit' and 'ghost' are often interchangeable. In Portuguese, espírito is more formal or religious, while fantasma is the standard word for a spooky apparition in a haunted house. Using 'espírito' in a casual horror context might sound overly theological.

Eu vi um fantasma (ghost), não um espírito (unless you're being philosophical).

Misusing 'Espírito de Porco': This Brazilian idiom is often misunderstood. It doesn't mean someone is 'dirty' like a pig; it means they are being annoying, contrarian, or a 'killjoy'. Using it to describe physical hygiene would be incorrect.

Ele é um espírito de porco porque sempre reclama das nossas festas.

Estou sem ânimo (energy) para sair hoje, apesar do meu bom espírito (mood).

O espírito das leis (the intent) vs. A letra das leis (the text).

By keeping these distinctions in mind—especially the masculine gender and the specific nuances of 'fantasma' and 'ânimo'—you will use espírito with the precision of a native speaker.

To truly understand espírito, it helps to see where it sits in the constellation of Portuguese words for the mind, soul, and supernatural. Each of these synonyms or related terms carries a slightly different weight and context.

Alma (Soul): 'Alma' is the most direct synonym but often feels more emotional and individual. While 'espírito' can be collective (team spirit), 'alma' is usually personal. We say 'a alma do negócio' (the soul of the business) to mean the most vital part.

Ela colocou toda a sua alma naquela canção fado.

Mente (Mind): 'Mente' is more clinical and cognitive. If you are talking about psychological processes, 'mente' is the word. 'Espírito' is used when those processes have a moral or character-driven dimension.

Uma mente sã em um corpo são.

Ânimo (Mood/Energy): As mentioned before, 'ânimo' is about the 'fuel' in your tank. 'Espírito' is about the 'quality' of your internal state. You can have a 'bom espírito' (good attitude) but low 'ânimo' (tiredness).

O ânimo da torcida caiu após o gol do adversário.

A assombração assustou as crianças no castelo.

Ele é o gênio (genius/spirit) da lâmpada.

Understanding these subtle shifts—from the emotional 'alma' to the cognitive 'mente' and the energetic 'ânimo'—will help you place espírito exactly where it belongs in your sentences.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Noun-adjective agreement (masculine)

Preposition 'de' for possession/quality

Use of 'ser' vs 'estar' with moods

Capitalization of religious proper nouns

Pluralization of nouns ending in 'o'

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レベル別の例文

O Espírito Santo é importante na igreja.

The Holy Spirit is important in the church.

Capitalize 'Espírito' when referring to the Holy Spirit.

Ele tem um bom espírito.

He has a good spirit (mood/nature).

'Bom' comes before 'espírito' here to emphasize quality.

O espírito de Natal é lindo.

The Christmas spirit is beautiful.

'De Natal' acts as an adjective for 'espírito'.

Eu sinto o espírito da música.

I feel the spirit of the music.

'Sinto' is the first-person singular of 'sentir' (to feel).

O espírito dele está em paz.

His spirit is at peace.

'Em paz' is a common prepositional phrase.

Onde está o espírito?

Where is the spirit?

Simple question structure with 'onde'.

O espírito é invisível.

The spirit is invisible.

Adjectives like 'invisível' agree with the masculine noun.

Nós temos o mesmo espírito.

We have the same spirit.

'Mesmo' means 'same' and precedes the noun.

Precisamos de espírito de equipe.

We need team spirit.

'Espírito de equipe' is a set phrase for team spirit.

Ela é um espírito livre.

She is a free spirit.

'Livre' is an adjective that follows the noun.

Ele tem um espírito aventureiro.

He has an adventurous spirit.

A2 level uses more descriptive adjectives.

Não seja um espírito de porco!

Don't be a troublemaker!

Brazilian idiom for someone who is annoying or a killjoy.

O espírito do festival foi ótimo.

The spirit of the festival was great.

'Foi' is the past tense of 'ser'.

Eles jogaram com muito espírito.

They played with a lot of spirit.

'Com muito espírito' implies energy and passion.

O espírito da criança é puro.

The child's spirit is pure.

Possessive 'da' (de + a) indicates the child's.

Você está de bom espírito hoje?

Are you in a good mood today?

'Estar de [adjective] espírito' is a common way to talk about mood.

Devemos seguir o espírito da lei.

We must follow the spirit of the law.

Contrasts with 'a letra da lei' (the letter of the law).

O espírito de sacrifício é necessário.

The spirit of sacrifice is necessary.

Abstract noun 'sacrifício' used with 'espírito de'.

Ela possui um espírito muito crítico.

She possesses a very critical mind.

'Espírito crítico' means having a sharp, analytical mind.

O espírito público move a cidade.

The public spirit moves the city.

'Público' as an adjective for 'espírito'.

O espírito de contradição dele é irritante.

His tendency to disagree is annoying.

Idiom for someone who always takes the opposite view.

O autor capturou o espírito da época.

The author captured the spirit of the age.

'Espírito da época' is the Portuguese for 'Zeitgeist'.

O espírito de união salvou a empresa.

The spirit of unity saved the company.

Collective noun 'união' used with 'espírito de'.

Ele agiu com espírito de vingança.

He acted with a spirit of revenge.

Describes the motivation behind an action.

O espírito científico exige evidências.

The scientific spirit demands evidence.

Formal usage in academic contexts.

A obra reflete o espírito lusitano.

The work reflects the Lusitanian spirit.

'Lusitano' refers to Portuguese identity.

O espírito de corpo é forte na polícia.

Esprit de corps is strong in the police.

Borrowed concept meaning group loyalty/solidarity.

Sua fala tinha um espírito de ironia.

His speech had a spirit of irony.

Describes the tone or subtext of communication.

O espírito empreendedor é valorizado aqui.

Entrepreneurial spirit is valued here.

Common in business and economic discussions.

Eles discutiram a imortalidade do espírito.

They discussed the immortality of the spirit.

Theological/Philosophical context.

O espírito de inovação é constante.

The spirit of innovation is constant.

Abstract quality of a culture or company.

Ele tem um espírito de liderança nato.

He has a natural spirit of leadership.

'Nato' means born/natural.

A fenomenologia do espírito é complexa.

The phenomenology of spirit is complex.

Reference to Hegel's philosophical work.

O espírito de revolta crescia nas ruas.

The spirit of revolt was growing in the streets.

Describes a collective social atmosphere.

Ele escreve com um espírito satírico.

He writes with a satirical spirit.

Describes literary style and intent.

O espírito de conciliação prevaleceu.

The spirit of conciliation prevailed.

Formal term for finding a middle ground.

A lei deve ser interpretada em seu espírito.

The law must be interpreted in its spirit.

Legal principle of purposive interpretation.

O espírito de missão guiava o médico.

The spirit of mission guided the doctor.

Implies a deep sense of purpose or calling.

Há um espírito de melancolia no fado.

There is a spirit of melancholy in fado.

Captures the essence of a cultural genre.

O espírito da modernidade é fluido.

The spirit of modernity is fluid.

Sociological/Philosophical observation.

O espírito despojado da arquitetura moderna.

The stripped-back spirit of modern architecture.

'Despojado' means minimalist or unadorned.

A transcendência do espírito sobre a matéria.

The transcendence of spirit over matter.

High-level metaphysical discourse.

O espírito de finura é raro hoje em dia.

The 'esprit de finesse' is rare nowadays.

Pascalian concept of intuitive wisdom.

Sua obra é o próprio espírito da resistência.

His work is the very spirit of resistance.

Metaphorical use for the embodiment of a concept.

O espírito de geometria vs. o de finura.

The spirit of geometry vs. that of finesse.

Philosophical distinction by Blaise Pascal.

A agonia do espírito perante o absurdo.

The agony of the spirit before the absurd.

Existentialist philosophical context.

O espírito de sistema pode ser perigoso.

The spirit of system (dogmatism) can be dangerous.

Refers to the tendency to force reality into a rigid theory.

O espírito de clã ainda dita as regras.

The clan spirit still dictates the rules.

Sociological term for intense group loyalty.

よく使う組み合わせ

espírito de equipe

espírito crítico

espírito aventureiro

espírito livre

espírito santo

espírito de luta

espírito de porco

bom espírito

mau espírito

espírito da lei

よく使うフレーズ

em espírito

de corpo e espírito

espírito de contradição

espírito de Natal

espírito de sacrifício

espírito de união

espírito de solidariedade

espírito de liderança

espírito de observação

espírito do tempo

よく混同される語

espírito vs alma (soul - more personal/emotional)

espírito vs fantasma (ghost - more spooky/casual)

espírito vs ânimo (energy/mood - more about vitality)

慣用句と表現

"espírito de porco"

"ter espírito"

"estar de bom espírito"

"espírito de escada"

"espírito de corpo"

"sopro de espírito"

"pobre de espírito"

"elevar o espírito"

"perder o espírito"

"espírito das luzes"

間違えやすい

espírito vs

文型パターン

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使い方

brazil

Very common in the context of Spiritism and the idiom 'espírito de porco'.

portugal

Often used in literary and historical contexts regarding national identity.

よくある間違い

The word is masculine.
Espírito does not mean alcohol in Portuguese.
Espírito de porco means annoying, not physically dirty.
Fantasma is better for scary apparitions.
Brazil uses 'equipe', Portugal uses 'equipa'.

ヒント

Gender Check

Always use 'o' with espírito. It's a common mistake to think abstract nouns are feminine.

Team Spirit

Use 'espírito de equipe' in your CV or interviews to show you are a collaborator.

Religious Context

Be aware that in Brazil, 'espírito' often has a Spiritist connotation, which is a respected religion.

Pig Spirit

Learn 'espírito de porco' to understand Brazilian humor and social complaints.

Law vs Spirit

Use 'espírito da lei' when arguing that the intention of a rule is more important than the text.

Stress the Pí

Make sure the stress is on the second syllable. es-PÍ-ri-tu.

Free Spirit

'Espírito livre' is a great way to describe someone who doesn't follow social norms.

Espírito vs Mente

Use 'mente' for brain power and 'espírito' for the 'soul' of that power.

Zeitgeist

Use 'espírito da época' to sound more sophisticated in historical or cultural writing.

Catch the S

In many accents, the 's' in 'espírito' sounds like 'sh'. Don't let it confuse you!

暗記しよう

語源

Latin 'spiritus'

文化的な背景

Spiritism is very influential in Brazilian social life.

Festa do Divino Espírito Santo (Azores/Brazil)

Fernando Pessoa's 'Mensagem' explores the Portuguese spirit.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Você acha que o espírito de equipe é importante no trabalho?"

"Como você descreveria o seu espírito hoje?"

"Você acredita em espíritos ou fantasmas?"

"O que significa para você ter um espírito livre?"

"Qual é o espírito do Natal no seu país?"

日記のテーマ

Descreva um momento em que você sentiu um forte espírito de união.

O que você faz para manter um bom espírito quando está cansado?

Escreva sobre alguém que você conhece que tem um espírito aventureiro.

Como o espírito da sua cidade mudou nos últimos anos?

Reflita sobre a diferença entre seguir a lei e seguir o espírito da lei.

よくある質問

10 問

It is always masculine: o espírito. Even when referring to a woman's spirit, the word remains masculine.

No. In Portuguese, use 'bebidas alcoólicas' or 'destilados'. 'Espírito' only refers to the soul, mind, or ghost.

They are close, but 'alma' is more emotional and personal, while 'espírito' is more about the mind, wit, or collective energy.

You say 'espírito de equipe' (in Brazil) or 'espírito de equipa' (in Portugal).

Yes, it's an informal way to call someone a troublemaker or a killjoy. Use it with friends, but avoid it in formal settings.

Only when referring to the 'Espírito Santo' (Holy Spirit) or if it's at the beginning of a sentence.

Yes, but 'fantasma' is more common for a scary ghost. 'Espírito' is more formal or religious.

You can say 'Estou de bom espírito', though 'Estou de bom humor' is more common for daily mood.

It means having a sharp, analytical mind that doesn't accept things without questioning them.

The plural is 'espíritos'.

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