raspar 30秒で
- Raspar means to scrape or grate.
- Used for food preparation (grating cheese) and removing layers (scraping paint).
- Can also figuratively mean to be financially strapped.
- Context is key to understanding its meaning.
Understanding 'Raspar'
The Portuguese verb raspar is a versatile word primarily associated with the action of scraping or grating. Think about the physical act of removing something from a surface by rubbing it with a sharp edge, or the process of reducing a solid food item into smaller particles, like cheese or carrots. It’s a common verb used in everyday contexts, especially in the kitchen, but it can also extend to other situations involving scraping or removing a layer.
- Literal Meaning
- To scrape off a surface, or to grate food into small pieces.
- Figurative Meaning
- Can also imply a hurried or superficial action, or even being broke or having very little money.
In the kitchen, raspar is frequently used when preparing ingredients. For example, you might raspar the zest from a lemon to add flavor to a cake, or raspar a block of cheese to sprinkle over pasta. It’s the action you perform with a grater or a similar tool. Beyond food, it can describe scraping dirt off a shoe, removing old paint from a wall, or even the sound of something being scraped. The verb’s utility makes it a valuable addition to any Portuguese learner’s vocabulary, especially for those interested in cooking or everyday household tasks. Its broader meanings, like being financially strapped, add another layer of complexity and usefulness.
Por favor, raspe o queijo para a salada.
The act of scraping can also be seen in less literal contexts. For instance, a car might raspar against a wall, making a scraping sound. Or, in a more abstract sense, someone might feel like they are 'scraping by' financially, which is a common figurative use. Understanding these nuances will greatly enhance your comprehension and ability to communicate effectively in Portuguese. The word is deeply ingrained in daily life, appearing in recipes, DIY instructions, and casual conversations about household chores or financial situations. Its sound often evokes a particular texture or action, making it quite descriptive.
Ele teve que raspar a tinta velha da parede.
- Everyday Usage
- Commonly heard in kitchens when preparing food, during home renovation discussions, or when talking about minor accidents involving surfaces.
- Sound Association
- The sound of 'raspar' often mimics the actual scraping or grating noise, making it very descriptive.
Putting 'Raspar' into Practice
Mastering a verb like raspar involves seeing it in action across various sentence structures and contexts. Its conjugation follows regular patterns for -ar verbs, making it relatively straightforward to learn. The key is to practice using it in sentences that reflect its different meanings, from the literal act of grating cheese to the more figurative expressions.
Literal Usage (Food Preparation)
In the kitchen, raspar is indispensable. You'll often hear it in recipes or in conversations about cooking. Remember that the verb needs to agree with the subject performing the action.
Eu gosto de raspar nozes para usar em bolos.
O chef vai raspar um pouco de limão para dar um toque cítrico.
Literal Usage (Other Surfaces)
Beyond the kitchen, raspar applies to any situation where you need to remove something from a surface by scraping.
Cuidado para não raspar o carro na parede.
Precisamos raspar a sujeira seca do chão.
Figurative Usage (Financial Strain)
A common idiomatic use of raspar is to describe being in a difficult financial situation, often implying having very little money left. This is where context is crucial.
No final do mês, sempre raspo o extrato bancário.
Com tantas contas para pagar, sinto que estou raspando o fundo do barril.
- Verb Conjugation
- Follows the standard -ar verb conjugation. For example, 'eu raspo', 'tu raspas', 'ele/ela/você raspa', 'nós raspamos', 'vós raspais', 'eles/elas/vocês raspam'.
- Sentence Structure
- Typically follows Subject-Verb-Object structure. Prepositions like 'de' (from) or 'para' (for) are often used with 'raspar'.
Real-World Encounters with 'Raspar'
The verb raspar is deeply embedded in the fabric of daily Portuguese life, making it a common auditory experience for learners. You'll most frequently encounter it in environments and conversations related to food, home maintenance, and even personal finance.
In the Kitchen and at the Market
This is arguably the most common setting. When people are discussing recipes, preparing meals, or shopping for ingredients, raspar is sure to come up. Imagine a cooking show host demonstrating how to zest a lemon, or a home cook explaining to a friend how they prepare a dish.
'Você precisa raspar a casca de uma laranja para este bolo.'
At a local market, you might overhear vendors or customers talking about fresh ingredients. A cheesemonger might suggest grating a specific type of cheese for a recipe, or a shopper might ask for advice on how best to prepare a vegetable.
Home Improvement and DIY
When people are renovating, cleaning, or doing any kind of repair work, the act of scraping is often involved. This could be removing old wallpaper, scraping off dried paint, or even clearing debris from a surface.
'Use esta espátula para raspar a tinta descascada.'
Discussions about car maintenance might also involve raspar, for instance, if a car's undercarriage has scraped against something, or if rust needs to be scraped off.
Conversations about Finances
The figurative use of raspar, meaning to have very little money, is common in informal conversations among friends or family when discussing financial struggles.
'Não tenho dinheiro para sair, estou raspando para pagar as contas.'
- Media Exposure
- Cooking shows, home improvement channels, and informal vlogs often feature this verb.
- Social Interactions
- Heard among friends, family, and colleagues discussing everyday activities and challenges.
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'Raspar'
While raspar is a common verb, learners can sometimes fall into traps, either by misusing it or by confusing it with similar-sounding or similarly-acting verbs. Being aware of these potential mistakes will significantly improve your accuracy and fluency.
Confusing 'Raspar' with 'Ralar'
This is a very common confusion, especially for native English speakers. Both verbs relate to reducing food into smaller pieces, but they describe different actions and tools. Raspar typically implies scraping or grating with a tool that has sharp edges or holes, like a cheese grater or a zester. Ralar, on the other hand, means to grind or mill, often with a more abrasive surface or a different type of grinder, resulting in finer particles. Think of raspar cheese and ralar coffee beans.
Mistake: Eu vou ralar o queijo para a massa.
Correct: Eu vou raspar o queijo para a massa.
Overusing 'Raspar' for General Scraping
While raspar is correct for scraping dirt, paint, or other substances off a surface, sometimes other verbs might be more appropriate depending on the specific action and the material involved. For instance, if you're trying to remove something sticky, you might use a different verb. However, for general removal of a layer by friction, raspar is usually the go-to.
Misinterpreting the Figurative Meaning
The figurative use of raspar, meaning to be financially strapped, can be misunderstood if the context isn't clear. Learners might take it too literally or fail to grasp the implication of scarcity.
Misunderstanding: 'Ele raspa o dinheiro dele.' (Literally: He scrapes his money.)
Correct Understanding: 'Ele está raspando para pagar as contas.' (He is scraping by to pay the bills.)
- Key Distinction: Raspar vs. Ralar
- 'Raspar' is for grating/shredding (cheese, zest), 'Ralar' is for grinding/milling (coffee, spices).
- Figurative Context
- The financial meaning requires phrases like 'raspar para' or 'raspar o fundo do barril' to be clear.
Exploring Synonyms and Alternatives for 'Raspar'
While raspar is a specific and useful verb, Portuguese offers other words that can be used in similar contexts, depending on the precise nuance you wish to convey. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and help you choose the most fitting word for any given situation.
'Ralar' (To Grate/Grind)
As mentioned in the common mistakes section, ralar is the most frequent point of confusion. While both involve reducing food, raspar is typically done with a grater that shaves or shreds, producing larger pieces or zest. Ralar implies a more forceful grinding or milling action, resulting in finer particles.
- Raspar vs. Ralar
- Raspar: Grating cheese, zesting lemon, shredding carrots. Result: flakes, shreds, zest.
- Ralar: Grinding coffee beans, milling spices, grinding meat. Result: fine powder, coarse grains, mince.
'Escarificar' (To Scarify/Scratch)
This verb is less common in everyday speech but is used in more specific contexts, often related to agriculture (preparing soil) or medicine (making small cuts). It involves scratching or making superficial incisions, which can sometimes overlap with scraping, but it's generally a more deliberate and less forceful action than raspar.
'Remover' (To Remove)
This is a very general verb meaning 'to remove'. You could say 'remover a tinta da parede' (remove the paint from the wall), which is technically correct, but raspar specifies the *method* of removal. If the context is simply about taking something away, 'remover' is a broader alternative.
'Limpar' (To Clean)
Sometimes, the act of scraping is part of a cleaning process. For example, you might raspar mud off your shoes before you limpar them. While 'limpar' is the overall goal, 'raspar' describes a specific step within it.
Figurative Alternatives (Financial Strain)
When raspar is used figuratively for financial hardship, other expressions can be used:
- 'Estar apertado'
- Literally 'to be tight', meaning to be short of money.
- 'Viver de pão e água'
- Literally 'to live on bread and water', a strong idiom for extreme poverty.
- 'Não ter um tostão'
- Literally 'to not have a penny', meaning to be penniless.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the initial 'r' as an English 'r'.
- Not opening the mouth wide enough for the 'a' sound.
- Pronouncing the final 'r' too softly or omitting it.
レベル別の例文
Eu raspo a cenoura.
I grate the carrot.
Simple present tense, first person singular.
Você raspa o queijo?
Do you grate the cheese?
Simple present tense, second person singular, question form.
Ele raspa a casca do limão.
He scrapes the peel of the lemon.
Simple present tense, third person singular.
Nós raspamos a sujeira.
We scrape the dirt.
Simple present tense, first person plural.
Eles raspam o papel.
They scrape the paper.
Simple present tense, third person plural.
Raspe a madeira.
Scrape the wood.
Imperative, second person singular (tu form, informal).
A panela está raspada.
The pan is scraped.
Past participle used as an adjective.
Raspe um pouco de sal.
Scrape a little salt.
Imperative, second person singular (tu form, informal).
Preciso raspar o dente de alho antes de cozinhar.
I need to grate the garlic clove before cooking.
Infinitive form of the verb used after 'preciso'.
Ela adora raspar chocolate para decorar bolos.
She loves to grate chocolate to decorate cakes.
Infinitive form used after 'adora'.
O carro raspou no muro e fez um barulho estranho.
The car scraped against the wall and made a strange noise.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular.
No inverno, às vezes temos que raspar o gelo do para-brisa.
In winter, sometimes we have to scrape the ice off the windshield.
Infinitive form used after 'temos que'.
Com o dinheiro que sobrou, ele está quase raspando o fundo do pote.
With the money left, he is almost scraping the bottom of the pot (meaning he has very little money).
Gerund form, indicating an ongoing state.
A receita pede para raspar um pouco de gengibre fresco.
The recipe asks to grate some fresh ginger.
Infinitive form used after 'pede para'.
Ele raspou a tinta velha da parede com uma espátula.
He scraped the old paint off the wall with a spatula.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular.
Se você raspar o coco, pode usar em sobremesas.
If you grate the coconut, you can use it in desserts.
Conditional clause, verb in present subjunctive.
Para fazer o molho, é essencial raspar a pele do tomate.
To make the sauce, it is essential to peel the skin off the tomato.
Infinitive form used after 'é essencial'.
Ele teve que raspar os últimos trocados para comprar o pão.
He had to scrape together the last few coins to buy the bread.
Infinitive form used after 'teve que'.
A superfície da madeira estava tão danificada que precisava ser completamente raspada.
The surface of the wood was so damaged that it needed to be completely scraped.
Past participle used in a passive construction.
Quando viajamos para o norte, o frio era tanto que a água congelava e precisávamos raspar o gelo das janelas.
When we traveled north, it was so cold that the water froze and we needed to scrape the ice off the windows.
Infinitive form used after 'precisávamos'.
Ela raspou a garganta antes de começar a falar em público.
She cleared her throat before starting to speak in public.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular (idiomatic use).
Não se esqueça de raspar a manteiga de amendoim do fundo do pote.
Don't forget to scrape the peanut butter from the bottom of the jar.
Infinitive form used after 'não se esqueça de'.
Os alunos foram instruídos a raspar as folhas secas do pátio.
The students were instructed to scrape the dry leaves from the courtyard.
Infinitive form used after 'foram instruídos a'.
Se você continuar gastando assim, vai acabar raspando o teto.
If you keep spending like this, you'll end up scraping the ceiling (meaning having very little money).
Gerund form used after 'vai acabar'.
A técnica de raspar a superfície antes de pintar garante uma melhor aderência da nova camada.
The technique of scraping the surface before painting ensures better adhesion of the new layer.
Gerund used as a noun phrase.
Ele confessou que, durante a crise econômica, passou meses raspando cada centavo que podia.
He confessed that, during the economic crisis, he spent months scraping together every cent he could.
Gerund form indicating an action occurring over a period.
O escultor utilizou uma ferramenta fina para raspar os detalhes delicados da peça de madeira.
The sculptor used a fine tool to scrape the delicate details of the wooden piece.
Infinitive form used after 'utilizou uma ferramenta para'.
Para obter a textura desejada, o padeiro raspou o excesso de farinha das bordas da tigela.
To achieve the desired texture, the baker scraped the excess flour from the edges of the bowl.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular.
A antiga pintura do mobiliário estava tão desgastada que foi necessário raspar tudo para restaurá-lo.
The old paint on the furniture was so worn out that it was necessary to scrape it all off to restore it.
Infinitive form used after 'foi necessário'.
No final do mês, a situação financeira era tão precária que ele sentia que estava raspando o fundo do abismo.
At the end of the month, the financial situation was so precarious that he felt he was scraping the bottom of the abyss (an intense idiom for extreme hardship).
Gerund form indicating an ongoing, dire situation.
O artista raspou camadas de tinta para revelar a imagem oculta.
The artist scraped layers of paint to reveal the hidden image.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular.
É comum raspar a camada superficial de alguns queijos antes de consumi-los.
It is common to scrape the surface layer of some cheeses before consuming them.
Infinitive form used in a general statement.
A metodologia empregada para raspar os dados históricos exigiu uma análise minuciosa de múltiplos arquivos.
The methodology employed to scrape the historical data required a meticulous analysis of multiple files.
Infinitive form used after 'para'.
Ele descreveu sua juventude como um período de constante luta financeira, onde vivia raspando para sobreviver.
He described his youth as a period of constant financial struggle, where he lived scraping by to survive.
Gerund form describing a prolonged state in the past.
O restaurador teve que raspar cuidadosamente a verniz antiga para expor a pintura original sem danificá-la.
The restorer had to carefully scrape the old varnish to expose the original painting without damaging it.
Infinitive form used after 'teve que'.
A fim de obter a pureza desejada, o alquimista raspou os resíduos do metal precioso.
In order to obtain the desired purity, the alchemist scraped the residues from the precious metal.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular.
A necessidade de raspar o fundo do barril para cobrir as despesas imprevistas tornou a situação insustentável.
The need to scrape the bottom of the barrel to cover unforeseen expenses made the situation unsustainable.
Infinitive form used as the subject of the sentence.
O historiador analisou os documentos, notando como os escribas frequentemente raspavam erros para corrigi-los.
The historian analyzed the documents, noting how scribes often scraped away errors to correct them.
Preterite perfect tense, third person plural.
A estratégia de raspar os dados de acesso público foi a primeira etapa da pesquisa.
The strategy of scraping publicly accessible data was the first step of the research.
Gerund used as a noun phrase.
Ele se gabou de nunca ter precisado raspar para pagar as contas, sempre tendo uma reserva financeira.
He boasted about never having needed to scrape by to pay the bills, always having a financial reserve.
Infinitive form used after 'precisado'.
A remoção da pátina antiga exigiu uma abordagem meticulosa, onde cada partícula era raspada com precisão cirúrgica.
The removal of the ancient patina required a meticulous approach, where each particle was scraped with surgical precision.
Past participle used in a passive construction, emphasizing precision.
Em tempos de extrema escassez, a capacidade de raspar os recursos mais básicos era a única forma de sobrevivência.
In times of extreme scarcity, the ability to scrape together the most basic resources was the only way to survive.
Infinitive form used after 'capacidade de'.
O arqueólogo raspou a terra com extremo cuidado para desenterrar os fragmentos frágeis da cerâmica antiga.
The archaeologist scraped the earth with extreme care to unearth the fragile fragments of ancient pottery.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular, emphasizing meticulous action.
A narrativa do autor frequentemente aludia a um estado de constante precariedade financeira, onde os personagens viviam raspando o último tostão.
The author's narrative frequently alluded to a state of constant financial precariousness, where the characters lived scraping the last penny.
Gerund form describing a pervasive condition in a literary context.
A técnica de raspar o verniz excessivo permitiu que a verdadeira beleza do mármore fosse revelada.
The technique of scraping off the excess varnish allowed the true beauty of the marble to be revealed.
Gerund used as a noun phrase, emphasizing the method.
O orador, com sua voz rouca, raspou a garganta para se recompor antes de prosseguir.
The speaker, with his hoarse voice, cleared his throat to compose himself before continuing.
Preterite perfect tense, third person singular (idiomatic, sophisticated use).
A análise forense envolveu raspar amostras microscópicas de resíduos para identificar a substância.
The forensic analysis involved scraping microscopic samples of residue to identify the substance.
Gerund used as a noun phrase, indicating a scientific process.
A expressão 'raspar o fundo do poço' é utilizada para descrever a situação mais desesperadora de falta de recursos.
The expression 'to scrape the bottom of the well' is used to describe the most desperate situation of lack of resources.
Infinitive form used as the subject of a definition.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To grate cheese, typically for culinary purposes.
Por favor, raspe um pouco de queijo para colocar na minha sopa.
— To grate the zest from a lemon or orange, used for flavor in cooking and baking.
A receita pede para raspar a casca de meio limão para um aroma cítrico.
— To scrape off paint or varnish, usually during renovation or restoration.
Tivemos que raspar a tinta descascada da parede antes de aplicar a nova.
— To scrape ice off a surface, most commonly a car's windshield in cold weather.
Estava tão frio que precisei raspar o gelo do para-brisa para poder dirigir.
— An idiom meaning to be in a state of severe financial hardship, having used up all available resources.
Com tantas dívidas, sinto que estou raspando o fundo do barril este mês.
— A colloquial way to say that one has very little money left in their bank account.
No fim do mês, meu extrato bancário mostra que estou raspando o extrato.
— To clear one's throat, often to get attention or before speaking.
Ele raspou a garganta para indicar que queria falar.
— To scrape off dirt or grime, especially when it's caked on.
Precisei raspar a sujeira grossa do sapato antes de entrar em casa.
— To scrape a small amount of something.
Raspe um pouco de sal para provar, se precisar.
— To struggle financially, barely making ends meet.
Muitas pessoas em situações difíceis precisam raspar para viver.
慣用句と表現
— This idiom means to be in a state of extreme financial difficulty, having exhausted all available resources and having very little or nothing left.
Após a perda do emprego, ele se viu raspando o fundo do barril para sustentar a família.
informal, common— A more colloquial expression indicating that one has very little money remaining in their bank account, often implying they are close to being broke.
No final do mês, a gente sempre raspa o extrato bancário antes do próximo salário.
informal, colloquial— Similar to 'raspar o fundo do barril', this phrase describes the act of struggling financially to make ends meet, surviving with minimal resources.
Muitos artistas iniciantes precisam raspar para viver enquanto buscam reconhecimento.
informal, common— This means to clear one's throat, often done to gain attention, to prepare to speak, or when feeling unwell.
Ele raspou a garganta para chamar a atenção do professor.
neutral, common— A less common idiom, but it can imply having extremely limited funds, perhaps even less than 'raspar o fundo do barril'. It suggests having absolutely nothing left.
Com essa crise, estamos todos raspando o teto.
informal, less common— This refers to the physical act of scraping one's tongue, often done for oral hygiene or as part of a medical treatment.
O dentista recomendou raspar a língua diariamente para combater o mau hálito.
neutral, specific— Similar to 'raspar o fundo do barril', this emphasizes scraping together the very last bit of money available.
Ele juntou suas últimas economias, raspando o último tostão para a viagem.
informal, common— Figuratively, this can imply testing someone's patience to its limit, though less common than other idioms.
As constantes interrupções dele estavam raspando a minha paciência.
informal, less common— This idiom suggests living a very difficult, meager, or survival-based existence.
Depois da guerra, ele teve que raspar a vida no campo.
literary, informal— To scrape the bone, implying to consume every last bit of meat or to extract the maximum possible from a situation.
Os cães não deixaram nada, rasparam o osso completamente.
neutral, culinary/literal語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
語源
The word 'raspar' originates from the Latin word 'radere', meaning 'to scrape' or 'to shave'. This root is shared with words in other Romance languages.
元の意味： To scrape, shave, or pare.
Summary
The Portuguese verb 'raspar' primarily means to scrape or grate, commonly used in cooking (e.g., grating cheese) and for removing layers from surfaces (e.g., scraping paint). It also carries a figurative meaning of being financially strained, often expressed as 'raspar o fundo do barril' (scraping the bottom of the barrel).
- Raspar means to scrape or grate.
- Used for food preparation (grating cheese) and removing layers (scraping paint).
- Can also figuratively mean to be financially strapped.
- Context is key to understanding its meaning.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
foodの関連語
a conta
A1The bill or check (in a restaurant).
a gosto
A2「お好みで」という意味です。
à la carte
A2個々の料理をメニューから注文すること。各品目に独自の価格が設定されており、食事の選択に柔軟性があります。
à mão
A2手作りの、または手元にある。手作業で行われることや、物がすぐ近くにあることを表す表現です。
à mesa
A2食卓についていること、食事をしている状態。
à parte
A2別に添えられた、または脇に置かれた。
à pressa
A2時間がなく、非常に速く行動または実行される。
à saúde
A2A toast, meaning 'to health' or 'cheers'.
a vapor
A2蒸された、または蒸気で動く。
à vontade
A2くつろいで、遠慮なく。
