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A2 adverb 13分で読める

ännu

例文
解説 ännu in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should focus on the most common use of ännu: saying 'not yet'. You will usually see it paired with inte. In simple conversations, you might hear 'inte ännu' at the end of a sentence. For example, if someone asks 'Är du klar?' (Are you ready?), you can answer 'Inte ännu' (Not yet). This is a very useful phrase for daily life. You don't need to worry about complex word order yet; just remember that ännu often comes at the end of these short answers. You might also see it in very simple comparisons like 'ännu mer' (even more), which is helpful when you want more of something, like food or coffee. At this stage, treat ännu as a building block for basic time expressions. It helps you talk about things that are expected to happen but haven't happened at this exact moment. Avoid using it for 'still' in positive sentences for now; use 'fortfarande' instead, as it is easier to manage. Focus on the 'not yet' meaning to keep things simple and clear in your early Swedish journey.
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As an A2 learner, you are expanding your ability to describe things and compare them. This is where ännu becomes very powerful as an intensifier. You should learn to use ännu before comparative adjectives. For instance, instead of just saying 'varmare' (warmer), you can say 'ännu varmare' (even warmer). This adds more flavor to your descriptions. You will also start encountering ännu in slightly longer sentences. You should practice the word order in main clauses, such as 'Jag har ännu inte ätit' vs 'Jag har inte ätit ännu'. Both are correct, but the first one sounds a bit more structured. You should also recognize the phrase 'ännu en' (yet another), which is common when talking about repeated actions or items. For example, 'ännu en kopp kaffe' (yet another cup of coffee). At this level, you should be able to distinguish between 'ännu' (even/yet) and 'än' (than) in a sentence like 'Den här är ännu bättre än den där'. Understanding this distinction is a key milestone for A2 learners.
At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more complex sentence structures, including subordinate clauses. This is where the 'BIFF' rule becomes important for ännu. You must remember that in a subordinate clause, ännu inte usually comes before the verb. For example: 'Jag vet att han ännu inte har ringt'. This is a common area for mistakes, so practicing this specific word order will make your Swedish sound much more natural. You should also start using ännu to express a continuing state in a slightly more formal way. While 'fortfarande' is still your main word for 'still', using ännu in a sentence like 'Det finns ännu hopp' (There is still hope) shows a higher level of vocabulary control. You will also encounter ännu in more abstract contexts, such as 'ännu viktigare' (even more important) or 'ännu tydligare' (even clearer). Your goal at B1 is to use ännu to add emphasis and precision to your arguments and narratives.
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By the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the stylistic nuances of ännu. You can use it to vary your language and avoid repeating 'fortfarande' or 'än'. You should be comfortable with the more formal placement of ännu before the negation in main clauses ('Vi har ännu inte fattat ett beslut') to create a professional tone. You will also notice ännu used in complex idiomatic expressions and literary texts. At this level, you should be able to appreciate how ännu can change the rhythm and focus of a sentence. For example, 'ännu en gång' can sound more weary or emphatic than 'en gång till'. You should also be aware of the historical and poetic uses of ännu, which you might encounter in Swedish classics or formal speeches. Your use of ännu as a comparative intensifier should be second nature, and you should be able to use it with a wide range of adjectives, including those that are more abstract or technical.
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At the C1 level, your understanding of ännu should include its most subtle and sophisticated uses. You can use it to create specific rhetorical effects in your writing and speaking. For instance, you might use ännu in a 'concessive' sense or to build a climax in a speech. You should be able to distinguish between the various shades of meaning it takes on in different registers. In academic writing, you might use ännu to highlight a gap in research ('ännu är det oklart om...'). You will also be familiar with archaic or highly formal variants like 'alltjämt' and know when ännu is a better choice for maintaining a modern but elevated style. Your mastery of Swedish word order should be so complete that you can place ännu with total flexibility to emphasize different parts of the sentence without ever violating grammatical rules. You should also be able to explain the difference between 'ännu' and its synonyms to lower-level learners, demonstrating a deep meta-linguistic awareness.
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At the C2 level, ännu is a tool you use with the precision of a native-level stylist. You understand its etymological roots and how they influence its modern usage. You can navigate the most complex literary and legal texts where ännu might be used in ways that are rare in modern speech. You are sensitive to the 'weight' of the word in a sentence—how it can slow down the tempo or add a sense of historical continuity. You can use ännu to mimic different historical styles of Swedish if necessary. In high-level debates, you use ännu to layer your comparisons with surgical precision. There is no nuance of the word that escapes you, from its function as a temporal adverb to its role as a comparative intensifier and an additive marker. You use it instinctively, and your choice of ännu over its synonyms is always a deliberate stylistic decision that enhances the clarity, tone, and impact of your communication.
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例文

The Swedish word ännu is a versatile adverb that primarily functions to describe time and degree. At its core, it translates to 'yet' or 'still' when referring to time, and 'even' when used as a comparative intensifier. Understanding ännu is crucial for moving from basic Swedish to a more nuanced, intermediate level because it allows speakers to express expectations, ongoing states, and emphasized comparisons with precision. Unlike some simpler adverbs, ännu carries a specific weight in a sentence, often signaling that something is persistent or that a limit has not yet been reached.

Temporal Use (Yet/Still)
In negative sentences, ännu is frequently paired with inte to mean 'not yet'. For example, 'Jag har inte ätit ännu' (I have not eaten yet). In affirmative contexts, it can mean 'still', though it often feels slightly more formal or emphatic than its common synonym fortfarande. It suggests a continuation from the past into the present moment.
Comparative Intensifier (Even)
When placed before an adjective in its comparative form, ännu serves to intensify the comparison. 'Ännu bättre' means 'even better', and 'ännu dyrare' means 'even more expensive'. This usage is extremely common in both spoken and written Swedish to highlight a significant difference or an escalation of a state.
Additive Use (Yet Another)
The phrase 'ännu en' or 'ännu ett' translates to 'yet another' or 'one more'. It implies a sequence of events or items where one more is added to the existing count. 'Ännu en kaffe, tack' (Yet another coffee, please) suggests you have already had at least one.

Vi har ännu inte fått svar på vårt brev.

Translation: We have not yet received an answer to our letter.

The word is indispensable in literary contexts where authors want to create a sense of lingering time or mounting tension. In journalistic Swedish, you will see it used to describe ongoing crises or developing news stories. It bridges the gap between the simple 'not' and the more complex 'up until this point'. It is also a key marker of the 'V2' word order in Swedish, as its placement can shift depending on whether the sentence is a main clause or a subordinate clause, making it a favorite for grammar instructors to test.

Resultatet blev ännu sämre än förväntat.

Translation: The result was even worse than expected.

Det finns ännu hopp för framtiden.

Translation: There is still hope for the future.
Register and Tone
While perfectly normal in speech, ännu can sometimes sound slightly more poetic or formal than 'än'. In everyday spoken Swedish, 'än' is often used as a shorthand for 'ännu' in phrases like 'inte än' (not yet). However, in formal writing, ännu is preferred for its clarity and traditional weight.

Han är ännu mer envis än sin bror.

Translation: He is even more stubborn than his brother.

Vi har ännu en lång väg att gå.

Translation: We have yet another long way to go / We still have a long way to go.

The syntax of ännu varies significantly depending on whether it is acting as a temporal marker or a comparative intensifier. Mastering these positions is key to sounding like a native speaker. In Swedish, adverbs are sensitive to the V2 (Verb-Second) rule, and ännu is no exception. Let's break down the placement rules in different sentence structures.

Main Clauses with Negation
In a standard main clause, inte ännu or ännu inte usually follows the finite verb. If the verb is in a compound tense (like the present perfect), the adverb typically sits between the auxiliary verb and the main verb, or at the very end. Example: 'Tåget har inte kommit ännu' or 'Tåget har ännu inte kommit'. The latter is slightly more formal.
Subordinate Clauses
In subordinate clauses (sentences starting with 'eftersom', 'att', 'om', etc.), the adverb ännu (often paired with inte) moves before the finite verb. Example: 'Jag är ledsen att han ännu inte har ringt' (I am sorry that he has not yet called). This 'BIFF' rule (i Bisats kommer Inte Före det Finita verbet) applies to ännu as well.
Comparative Placement
When intensifying a comparison, ännu MUST stand directly before the comparative adjective. 'Huset är ännu vackrare i verkligheten' (The house is even more beautiful in reality). You cannot place it after the adjective or separate it from the word it modifies.

Är du ännu kvar på jobbet?

Translation: Are you still at work? (Slightly formal/archaic compared to 'fortfarande').

One of the most common ways to use ännu is to express addition. The construction 'ännu en' (common gender) or 'ännu ett' (neuter gender) is used to say 'yet another'. This is a fixed expression where ännu precedes the indefinite article. It is used to express fatigue, surprise, or simply to count items in a series.

De vann ännu en guldmedalj.

Translation: They won yet another gold medal.

Filmen var ännu läskigare än den första.

Translation: The movie was even scarier than the first one.
Positioning for Emphasis
If you place ännu at the end of a sentence, it often acts as a simple 'yet'. If you place it earlier, it tends to emphasize the persistence of the action. Compare: 'Jag har inte sett den ännu' (Neutral) vs. 'Jag har ännu inte sett den' (Focus on the fact that it hasn't happened).

Det kommer ännu fler gäster senare.

Translation: Even more guests are coming later.

Kan det bli ännu värre?

Translation: Can it get even worse?

If you spend a day in Sweden, you will hear ännu in a variety of settings, ranging from the evening news to a casual fika. Its frequency is high because it serves multiple essential communicative functions. In the media, it is a staple of reporting, used to convey the status of ongoing events or to emphasize the scale of a situation. In everyday life, it is the go-to word for expressing that something is 'still' or 'yet' in a slightly more precise way than the casual 'än'.

In News and Media
News anchors often use ännu to describe unfolding events. You might hear: 'Polisen har ännu inga spår efter gärningsmannen' (The police still have no clues about the perpetrator). Here, ännu adds a sense of professional gravity and temporal continuity that 'fortfarande' might lack.
In Literature and Song Lyrics
Swedish literature is full of ännu. It is a 'mood' word. Think of a winter scene: 'Snön föll ännu tystare över nejden' (The snow fell even more quietly over the district). It allows writers to layer meaning and intensity. In Swedish pop songs, it's often used to express longing: 'Jag väntar ännu på dig' (I am still waiting for you).
At the Workplace
In professional settings, ännu is used to discuss deadlines and progress. 'Vi är ännu inte klara med rapporten' (We are not yet finished with the report). It sounds slightly more polished and decisive than 'inte än'.

SVT rapporterar att läget är ännu oklart.

Translation: SVT reports that the situation is still unclear.

In casual conversation, you'll hear the comparative use of ännu constantly. Swedes love to discuss the weather, and ännu is a key part of that. 'Det ska bli ännu kallare imorgon' (It's going to be even colder tomorrow). It's also used in the common expression 'ännu en gång' (yet again), which you might hear from a frustrated parent or a teacher. The word has a rhythmic quality that fits well into the melodic flow of Swedish speech.

Vi ses ännu en gång nästa vecka.

Translation: We'll see each other yet again next week.

Han har ännu inte bestämt sig.

Translation: He has not yet decided.
In Advertising
Marketers use ännu to promise more value. 'Nu med ännu lägre priser!' (Now with even lower prices!). It creates a sense of continuous improvement and 'more-ness' that is very effective in sales copy.

Det här är ännu en anledning att fira.

Translation: This is yet another reason to celebrate.

Solen skiner ännu.

Translation: The sun is still shining (Poetic/Formal).

Learning ännu can be tricky because it overlaps with several other Swedish adverbs. English speakers often struggle with the distinction between ännu, fortfarande, and än. Furthermore, the placement of ännu in relation to the negative particle inte is a frequent source of errors for learners at the A2 and B1 levels.

Mistake 1: Ännu vs. Fortfarande
The most common error is using ännu when fortfarande is more natural. While both can mean 'still', fortfarande is the neutral, default word for an ongoing action. 'Jag bor fortfarande i Stockholm' is much more common than 'Jag bor ännu i Stockholm'. Use ännu primarily for 'not yet' (ännu inte) or for comparisons.
Mistake 2: Ännu vs. Än
Learners often confuse ännu with än. While än can be a short form of ännu (as in 'inte än'), it also means 'than' in comparisons. You cannot say 'ännu bättre ännu' to mean 'even better than'. You must say 'ännu bättre än'. Mixing these up makes the sentence incomprehensible.
Mistake 3: Incorrect Placement with Negation
In subordinate clauses, many learners forget that ännu inte must come before the verb. Incorrect: '...eftersom han har inte ätit ännu.' Correct: '...eftersom han ännu inte har ätit.' This is part of the broader challenge of Swedish word order.

Fel: Han är fortfarande bättre. Rätt: Han är ännu bättre.

Note: Use 'ännu' for 'even' in comparisons, not 'fortfarande'.

Another subtle mistake is using ännu in positive 'still' contexts where it sounds too formal or poetic. If you say 'Jag sover ännu' to a friend, they will understand you, but it sounds like you are a character in a 19th-century novel. Stick to 'Jag sover fortfarande' for everyday life. Conversely, don't forget the 'u'! Saying 'än' when you mean 'ännu' in a comparative sense ('än bättre') is possible but less common and can be confusing in certain contexts.

Fel: Jag har inte sett den redan. Rätt: Jag har inte sett den ännu.

Note: 'Redan' means 'already'. Don't use it in negative 'yet' sentences.

Fel: Det är ännu varmt än igår. Rätt: Det är ännu varmare än igår.

Note: 'Ännu' as an intensifier requires the comparative form of the adjective (-are).
Confusion with 'Ändå'
Sometimes learners confuse ännu with ändå (anyway/nevertheless). While they look slightly similar, they have completely different functions. 'Jag gjorde det ändå' means 'I did it anyway'. 'Jag gjorde det ännu en gång' means 'I did it yet again'.

Vi har ännu inte bestämt oss.

Correct usage: 'ännu' before 'inte' in a main clause for emphasis.

Det blev ännu en lång natt.

Correct usage of 'ännu en' to mean 'yet another'.

To truly master ännu, you must understand its relationship with its neighbors in the Swedish language. Swedish has a rich set of adverbs to describe time, degree, and contrast. Depending on the context, you might choose ännu, fortfarande, redan, or än. Each carries a slightly different nuance that can change the tone of your sentence.

Ännu vs. Fortfarande
This is the primary comparison. Fortfarande is the standard word for 'still'. Use it for ongoing states: 'Han sover fortfarande'. Ännu is used for 'still' in more formal, literary, or negative contexts. Crucially, ännu is used for 'even' in comparisons, while fortfarande is not.
Ännu vs. Än
Än is often just a shorter, more casual version of ännu when it means 'yet'. 'Inte än' is the most common way to say 'not yet' in speech. However, än also means 'than' (bättre än). You cannot use ännu to mean 'than'.
Ännu vs. Redan
These are opposites. Redan means 'already'. While ännu looks at what hasn't happened yet or what is continuing, redan looks at what has happened earlier than expected. 'Har du redan ätit?' (Have you already eaten?) vs. 'Har du inte ätit ännu?' (Have you not eaten yet?).
Ännu vs. Ytterligare
When ännu means 'yet another' (ännu en), a more formal alternative is ytterligare. 'Vi behöver ytterligare en person' (We need an additional person). Ännu en is more common in daily speech, while ytterligare is common in business and administration.

Det är ännu viktigare att vi samarbetar nu.

Translation: It is even more important that we cooperate now.

In some contexts, ännu can be replaced by alltjämt, which is a very formal, almost archaic word for 'still'. You will see this in legal texts or old poetry. Understanding these levels of formality helps you choose the right word for the right audience. For a learner, focusing on the 'ännu inte' and 'ännu + comparative' patterns is the most efficient way to gain fluency.

Hon är fortfarande arg, men han är ännu argare.

A perfect example showing both 'still' and 'even' in one sentence.

Har du ännu inte läst boken?

Translation: Have you still not read the book? (Focus on the delay).
Summary Table
  • Ännu: 'Yet' (neg), 'Even' (comp), 'Still' (formal).
  • Fortfarande: 'Still' (neutral/common).
  • Än: 'Yet' (casual), 'Than' (comp).
  • Redan: 'Already'.

Det finns ännu mycket att lära.

Translation: There is still much to learn.
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レベル別の例文

1

Jag har inte ätit ännu.

I have not eaten yet.

Simple negative sentence with 'ännu' at the end.

2

Inte ännu, tack.

Not yet, thanks.

A common short response.

3

Bussen har inte kommit ännu.

The bus has not come yet.

Negative perfect tense.

4

Är kaffet klart ännu?

Is the coffee ready yet?

Question form.

5

Jag vill ha ännu mer.

I want even more.

'Ännu' used to intensify 'mer'.

6

Solen har inte gått ner ännu.

The sun has not gone down yet.

Simple temporal description.

7

Hon sover inte ännu.

She is not sleeping yet.

Present tense negation.

8

Det är inte varmt ännu.

It is not warm yet.

Describing a state that hasn't changed.

1

Det här huset är ännu större.

This house is even bigger.

'Ännu' + comparative adjective.

2

Vi har ännu en lektion idag.

We have yet another lesson today.

'Ännu en' meaning 'one more'.

3

Han sprang ännu snabbare.

He ran even faster.

'Ännu' + comparative adverb.

4

Jag har ännu inte läst boken.

I have not yet read the book.

Formal placement of 'ännu' before 'inte'.

5

Det blev ännu dyrare än vi trodde.

It became even more expensive than we thought.

Intensified comparison with 'än'.

6

Kan du vänta ännu en minut?

Can you wait yet another minute?

Additive use in a question.

7

Filmen var ännu bättre andra gången.

The movie was even better the second time.

Comparing experiences.

8

Det är ännu kallare ute nu.

It is even colder outside now.

Describing weather change.

1

Eftersom tåget ännu inte har kommit, går vi och fikar.

Since the train has not yet arrived, we'll go and have coffee.

Subordinate clause word order (BIFF rule).

2

Det finns ännu en chans att vinna.

There is yet another chance to win.

Using 'ännu en' in a more abstract context.

3

Problemet är ännu mer komplicerat än det verkar.

The problem is even more complicated than it seems.

Abstract comparison.

4

Vi har ännu inte fått besked från chefen.

We have not yet received word from the boss.

Professional context.

5

Ännu en gång har han glömt sina nycklar.

Yet again he has forgotten his keys.

Idiomatic phrase 'ännu en gång'.

6

Trots att det är sent, arbetar hon ännu.

Despite it being late, she is still working.

Formal use of 'ännu' for 'still'.

7

Det var ännu vackrare än jag hade föreställt mig.

It was even more beautiful than I had imagined.

Past tense comparison.

8

De har ännu inte bestämt vart de ska resa.

They have not yet decided where they are going to travel.

Negative perfect tense in a complex sentence.

1

Situationen har förvärrats ännu mer under natten.

The situation has worsened even more during the night.

Journalistic style.

2

Det är ännu ovisst om reformen kommer att genomföras.

It is still uncertain whether the reform will be implemented.

Formal 'ännu' meaning 'still'.

3

Han lyckades höja ribban ännu ett snäpp.

He managed to raise the bar yet another notch.

Idiomatic expression 'ännu ett snäpp'.

4

Ännu återstår många frågor att besvara.

Many questions still remain to be answered.

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