A2 Basic Verbs 2 min read かんたん

タイ語の基本命令形（指示動詞）

Use the base verb directly and add polite particles to turn blunt commands into friendly requests.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Thai instructional verbs are simple: just use the base verb, often softened with particles like 'na' or 'si' to sound polite.

  • Use the base verb for direct commands: 'Kin!' (Eat!)
  • Add 'hai' to indicate the beneficiary: 'Hai kin' (Let [someone] eat).
  • Softening particles like 'na' make commands sound like friendly suggestions.
Verb + (Object) + (Particle: na/si/hai)

Overview

(Japanese translation placeholder)

Meanings

Instructional verbs are used to give orders, make requests, or provide directions. In Thai, these are often context-dependent and rely heavily on politeness particles.

1

Direct Command

A firm instruction to perform an action.

“Pai! (Go!)”

“Nang! (Sit!)”

2

Polite Suggestion

An instruction softened to sound like a request.

“Pai na (Please go)”

“Kin khao si (Go ahead and eat)”

Instructional Verb Structure

Type Structure Example Tone
Affirmative Verb + Particle Pai na Polite
Negative Ya + Verb Ya pai Direct
Polite Negative Ya + Verb + na Ya pai na Soft
Beneficiary Hai + Verb Hai kin Instructional
Formal Prot + Verb Prot pai Very Formal
Encouragement Verb + si Kin si Casual

Reference Table

Reference table for タイ語の基本命令形（指示動詞）
Function Thai Verb English Politeness
Command pai Go Low
Command gin Eat Low
Request pai na Please go Medium
Request gin khao Eat rice Medium
Formal pai khrap Go (polite) High
Formal gin ka Eat (polite) High

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Prot rap prathan

Prot rap prathan (Dining)

ニュートラル
Kin khao na

Kin khao na (Dining)

カジュアル
Kin

Kin (Dining)

スラング
Yat

Yat (Dining)

Thai Command Structure

Command

Modifiers

  • na softener
  • loei emphasis

Politeness Levels

Casual
pai Go
Polite
pai na Please go

When to add particles

1

Are you talking to a friend?

YES
Use 'na'
NO
Use 'khrap/ka'
2

Need to be firm?

YES
Use 'loei'
NO ↓

Basic Verbs

🏃

Actions

  • • pai
  • • nang
  • • gin
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レベル別の例文

1

Pai!

Go!

2

Kin khao.

Eat rice.

3

Nang.

Sit.

4

Ro.

Wait.

1

Pai na.

Please go.

2

Ya pai.

Don't go.

3

Leo sai khrap.

Turn left, please.

4

Ro sak kru na.

Wait a moment, please.

1

Hai khao tham ngam.

Let him do the work.

2

Kin khao si!

Go ahead and eat!

3

Ya tham baep ni ik.

Don't do it like this again.

4

Chuay pai song phom thi.

Please help take me there.

1

Kruna ro sak kru.

Please wait a moment.

2

Ya dai tham pen an khat.

Absolutely do not do that.

3

Hai phuak khao rian hai tem thi.

Let them study to their fullest.

4

Prot chai wicharanlayan.

Please use your discretion.

1

Ya dai khao pai nai khet ni.

Do not enter this area under any circumstances.

2

Hai khwam samkhan kap kan wang phaen.

Prioritize planning.

3

Prot song ekkasan ma hai rao.

Please send the documents to us.

4

Ya hai khrai ma ru.

Don't let anyone know.

1

Kruna ngot chai siang nai khet ni.

Please refrain from making noise in this area.

2

Hai phu kiao khong damnoen kan.

Let the relevant parties proceed.

3

Ya dai mi khwam phit phlat ik.

Do not let any more mistakes occur.

4

Prot phicharana tam khwam som khuan.

Please consider according to appropriateness.

間違えやすい

Basic Thai Instructional Verbs (Commands) 対 Mai vs Ya

Both are negative markers.

Basic Thai Instructional Verbs (Commands) 対 Na vs Si

Both are particles.

Basic Thai Instructional Verbs (Commands) 対 Prot vs Kruna

Both mean please.

よくある間違い

✗

Pai

✓

Pai na

Too direct, sounds rude.
✗

Mai pai

✓

Ya pai

Mai is for statements, Ya is for commands.
✗

Kin

✓

Kin na

Needs a softener.
✗

Pai khrap

✓

Pai na khrap

Needs a particle before the honorific.
✗

Hai pai na

✓

Hai khao pai na

Missing the subject for 'hai'.
✗

Ya kin khao

✓

Ya kin khao na

Still needs a softener.
✗

Prot pai na

✓

Prot pai

Prot is already formal; na is redundant.
✗

Si pai

✓

Pai si

Particles go at the end.
✗

Ya pai si

✓

Ya pai na

Conflicting particles.
✗

Hai pai

✓

Hai khao pai

Ambiguous beneficiary.
✗

Prot ya pai

✓

Kruna ya pai

Prot doesn't pair well with negative commands.
✗

Hai phom pai

✓

Hai chan pai

Wrong pronoun for the context.
✗

Ya dai pai

✓

Ya pai

Redundant emphasis.

文型パターン

___ na

Ya ___

Hai ___ pai

Prot ___ thi

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Pai na.

Food Delivery very common

Ao khao phat.

Taxi common

Leo sai khrap.

Job Interview occasional

Prot phicharana.

Social Media common

Ya phlat na!

Travel common

Ro sak kru.

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💡

Keep it short

Thai imperatives are usually 1-2 words.
⚠️

Watch your tone

Without particles, you sound angry.
💬

Gender markers

Don't forget khrap (male) or ka (female).

Smart Tips

Add 'na' to soften it.

Pai! → Pai na.

Use 'ya'.

Mai pai. → Ya pai.

Use 'hai'.

Khao tham. → Hai khao tham.

Use 'prot'.

Pai. → Prot pai.

発音

na (falling)

Tone

Particles like 'na' often have a falling tone.

Command

Pai! (High tone)

Urgency

暗記しよう

記憶術

YA don't, NA please, SI go ahead.

視覚的連想

Imagine a traffic light: Red (Ya - Stop), Yellow (Na - Slow down/Please), Green (Si - Go ahead).

Rhyme

For a command that is nice, add 'na' once or twice.

Story

You are at a Thai market. You tell the vendor 'Ao khao' (I want rice). You add 'na' to be polite. The vendor smiles. You tell your friend 'Ya pai' (Don't go) because the food is good.

Word Web

PaiKinNangRoYaNaSiHai

チャレンジ

Give 3 instructions to your pet or a plant using 'na' and 'ya' today.

文化メモ

Standard usage.

Uses 'jao' instead of 'kha'.

Uses 'la' as a particle.

Thai imperative forms evolved from simple verb usage in early Tai languages.

会話のきっかけ

“

Pai nai?

“

Kin khao rue yang?

“

Chuay pai ni noi dai mai?

“

Prot phicharana ngam ni.

日記のテーマ

Write 3 things you tell your friend to do.
Write 3 things you tell someone NOT to do.
Write a formal request to a boss.
Describe a situation where you had to give a firm order.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank

___ khao na. (Eat rice please)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gin
Gin means to eat.
Which is more polite? 選択問題

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pai na khrap
Adding particles makes it polite.
Find and fix the mistake Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

non!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: non na
Adding 'na' softens the command.

Score: /3

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the particle.

Pai ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: na
Na is the polite particle.
Which is a negative command? 選択問題

Choose the correct one.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ya pai
Ya is for negative commands.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Pai (too direct)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pai na
Na softens the command.
Order the words. Sentence Building

na / pai / khrap

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pai na khrap
Correct order is verb-particle-honorific.
Translate to Thai. 翻訳

Don't go.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ya pai
Ya pai is the standard negative command.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

Pai na - Please go, Ya pai - Don't go

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
Matches correctly.
Which is formal? 選択問題

Choose the formal one.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Prot pai
Prot is formal.
Fill in the beneficiary.

___ kin khao

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hai
Hai indicates beneficiary.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

3 exercises
Fill in the blank 穴埋め問題

___ thi ni. (Sit here)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nang
Fix the tone Error Correction

pai!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pai na
Translate 'Wait' 選択問題

Choose the correct word:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ro

Score: /3

よくある質問 (8)

No, Thai verbs never change form.

Use 'na' or 'khrap/kha'.

It is the negative marker for commands.

No, 'mai' is for statements.

It means 'let' or 'give'.

Rarely, it's too formal.

It's implied by context.

Yes, particles vary by region.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Imperativo

Thai lacks conjugation.

French low

Impératif

Thai uses particles.

German low

Imperativ

Thai is invariant.

Japanese moderate

Meireikei

Japanese has verb forms.

Arabic low

Amr

Thai lacks agreement.

Chinese moderate

Imperative

Thai relies more on particles.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
タイ語の依頼を丁寧にする方法
Next
丁寧な命令形：助詞の使い方 (na, khrap/kha)

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