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The Latin Alphabet (Alifbo)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Uzbek uses a 29-letter Latin alphabet; remember that special characters like 'o'' and 'g'' are distinct letters, not just accented versions.

  • Each letter represents one sound: 'A' is always 'ah' as in 'father'.
  • Special letters like 'o'' and 'g'' are separate entries in the dictionary.
  • The letter 'c' is only used in the combination 'ch' or 'sh'.
Letter + Sound = Consistent Pronunciation

Key Special Letters

Letter Pronunciation Example
O'
Like 'o' in door
O'zbek
G'
Voiced velar fricative
G'alaba
Sh
Like 'sh' in ship
Shahar
Ch
Like 'ch' in chair
Choy
Ng
Like 'ng' in song
Boring
I
Like 'ee' in see
Ish

Meanings

The standard writing system for the Uzbek language, consisting of 29 letters based on the Latin script.

1

Standard Orthography

The official way to write modern Uzbek.

“Salom”

“Kitob”

Reference Table

Reference table for The Latin Alphabet (Alifbo)
Form Structure Example
Basic
Letter
A
Digraph
Two letters, one sound
Sh
Apostrophe
Letter + '
O'
Word Start
Capitalization
Salom
Word Middle
Lowercase
kitob
Word End
Lowercase
yoz

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Assalomu alaykum

Assalomu alaykum (Greeting)

ニュートラル
Salom

Salom (Greeting)

カジュアル
Salom

Salom (Greeting)

スラング
Qalay

Qalay (Greeting)

Alphabet Structure

Uzbek Alphabet

Vowels

  • A a
  • O o

Consonants

  • B b
  • D d
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レベル別の例文

1

Salom

Hello

2

Kitob

Book

3

O'zbekiston

Uzbekistan

4

Choy

Tea

1

Shahar

City

2

G'olib

Winner

3

Maktab

School

4

Daryo

River

1

O'qituvchi

Teacher

2

G'ayrat

Energy

3

Chiroyli

Beautiful

4

Shifokor

Doctor

1

O'zgarish

Change

2

G'alaba

Victory

3

Shartnoma

Contract

4

Chidamlilik

Endurance

1

O'ziga xos

Unique

2

G'oyibona

In absentia

3

Shaxsiyat

Personality

4

Chigal

Complex

1

O'zlashtirmoq

To master

2

G'amxo'rlik

Care

3

Shavqatsiz

Cruel

4

Chog'ishtirmoq

To compare

間違えやすい

The Latin Alphabet (Alifbo) 対 O vs O'

They look similar.

The Latin Alphabet (Alifbo) 対 G vs G'

They look similar.

The Latin Alphabet (Alifbo) 対 I vs Y

Both are high vowels/semivowels.

よくある間違い

✗

O

✓

O'

Missing the apostrophe changes the letter.
✗

S

✓

Sh

Sh is a single letter.
✗

G

✓

G'

G and G' are different.
✗

C

✓

Ch

C is not used alone.

文型パターン

Mening ismim ___.

Men ___ yashayman.

Bu ___.

Men ___ o'qiyman.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Salom, qalay?

Social Media very common

O'zbekiston go'zal!

Job Interview common

Men tajribali mutaxassisman.

Travel common

Mehmonxona qayerda?

Food Delivery very common

Iltimos, palov bering.

Email common

Hurmatli hamkasabalar,

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💡

Use a keyboard app

Download an Uzbek keyboard for your phone to easily type O' and G'.
⚠️

Watch the apostrophe

Always check if you typed the apostrophe correctly.
🎯

Read aloud

Reading aloud helps reinforce the phonetic nature of the script.
💬

Respect the script

Using the Latin script shows you are engaging with modern Uzbekistan.

Smart Tips

Always use the apostrophe key for O' and G'.

Ozbek → O'zbek

Treat 'sh' as one sound.

s-h → sh

Check the dictionary order.

O comes before O' → O' comes after O

Don't ignore the apostrophe.

Galaba → G'alaba

発音

O' (door), O (hot)

O' vs O

O' is back, O is front.

Statement

Men talabaman.

Falling intonation at the end.

暗記しよう

記憶術

O' and G' are the 'apostrophe twins'—if you forget the mark, you lose the sound!

視覚的連想

Imagine an apostrophe as a little hook catching the letter to change its sound.

Rhyme

O' and G' are special friends, they need a mark to make their ends.

Story

A traveler named O'tkir went to a city called G'ijduvon. He drank hot Choy and met a Shifokor. Every word he used followed the 29-letter rule.

Word Web

O'zbekG'alabaShaharChoyKitobMaktab

チャレンジ

Write your name using the Uzbek alphabet and identify if it contains any special characters.

文化メモ

The Latin script is a symbol of modern identity.

Based on the Latin alphabet, adopted in the 1990s.

会話のきっかけ

“

Ismingiz nima?

“

O'zbek tilini o'rganyapsizmi?

“

Bugun nimalar qildingiz?

“

O'zbekiston haqida nimalarni bilasiz?

日記のテーマ

Write your name and where you are from.
Describe your favorite food.
Write about your daily routine.
Reflect on why you are learning Uzbek.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Fill in the missing letter.

O'zb_kiston

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: e
The word is O'zbekiston.
Which is correct? 選択問題

Which is the correct letter?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O'
O' is a distinct letter.
Fix the word. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Galaba

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: G'alaba
Needs the apostrophe.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mening ismim Ali
Correct word order.
Translate to Uzbek. 翻訳

Book

Answer starts with: Kit...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kitob
Book is Kitob.
Match the word to sound. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tea
Choy means tea.
Fill in the blank.

Sh_har

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Shahar means city.
Which is a vowel? 選択問題

Which letter is a vowel?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A
A is a vowel.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the missing letter.

O'zb_kiston

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: e
The word is O'zbekiston.
Which is correct? 選択問題

Which is the correct letter?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O'
O' is a distinct letter.
Fix the word. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Galaba

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: G'alaba
Needs the apostrophe.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

ismim / Mening / Ali

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mening ismim Ali
Correct word order.
Translate to Uzbek. 翻訳

Book

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kitob
Book is Kitob.
Match the word to sound. Match Pairs

Choy

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tea
Choy means tea.
Fill in the blank.

Sh_har

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Shahar means city.
Which is a vowel? 選択問題

Which letter is a vowel?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A
A is a vowel.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

There are 29 letters.

No, they are distinct letters.

Everywhere in modern Uzbekistan.

It denotes a specific sound.

No, it is very phonetic.

It is used, but Latin is standard.

Use an Uzbek keyboard layout.

It is only used in digraphs.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Latin alphabet

Uzbek has unique digraphs.

French high

Latin alphabet

Uzbek is more phonetic.

German high

Latin alphabet

Uzbek lacks umlauts.

Japanese none

Kana/Kanji

Uzbek is phonetic.

Arabic low

Arabic script

Uzbek is left-to-right.

Chinese none

Hanzi

Uzbek is phonetic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Basic Greetings

Builds On

Now you can read them.

Noun Plurals

Builds On

Next step in grammar.

Verb Tenses

Builds On

Essential for sentences.

Cyrillic Script

Contrast

Historical context.

Next
Vowel Sounds (Unli tovushlar)
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