Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the nuances of emphasis and circumstantial ability to sound like a local.
- Explain why tasks cannot be completed due to external circumstances.
- Add dramatic emphasis to your sentences using 'even'.
- Correct misunderstandings and describe businesses with precision.
学べること
Hey there! Ready to take your Chinese up a notch and sound truly native? This chapter is exactly for that! It's time to speak like native Chinese speakers do, with emphasis, nuance, and precision. First, we'll dive into the 'Potential Complement' which teaches you how to say you *can't* do something. Not because you don't know how, but because the circumstances truly prevent it! For example, you want to say, 'I can't finish this book by tomorrow' (maybe because you're too busy or it's too difficult). Learning this will let you explain real-life situations much more naturally. Next, we tackle 'Even' with 连...都/也. This combination is magical for adding emphasis and showing surprise or even disbelief about something. For instance, when you want to exclaim, 'Even *he* didn't understand!' or complain in a restaurant, 'They didn't even give us a glass of water!' This formula will make your statements much more impactful. Then, we move on to 'Mistaken Action' with 把...看成.... Have you ever mistaken one person for another? Or perceived something in a different way? This precise structure teaches you how to say, 'I mistook him for your friend' or 'I saw this as a problem.' Your conversations will become much more accurate. Finally, you'll get familiar with '家' (jiā), a cool measure word for businesses. You won't just say 'three shops' anymore; you'll say '三 家 商店' (sān jiā shāngdiàn). From tiny cafes to large corporations, you'll count them all with '家'. This makes your Chinese sound incredibly natural and authentic. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to express your thoughts with more emphasis and detail, explain common mistakes, and even correctly count various businesses. You'll really be able to show yourself off as a true Chinese aficionado! Let's go, I'm waiting for you!
-
会社やお店の数え方：量詞 家 (jiā)「家」({家|jiā}) は、小さなお店から巨大な企業まで、あらゆる「ビジネス拠点」を数えるための専用ツールです。
-
できる・できない：可能補語 (得了/不了)状況や自分のキャパシティ的に「〜しきれない」ときは、動詞の後に «不了» を付けましょう。 «不了» «得了» «受不了» の3つが重要です。
-
「〜でさえ」を表す 连...都/也 (lián...dōu/yě)「一番ありえないこと」を«连»と«都/也»で挟んで、驚きの気持ちを伝えましょう。 «连...都» «连...也» «強調表現»
-
勘違いの文法：XをYと見間違える (把...看成...)見間違いや聞き間違いを具体的に伝えるなら «把...V+成...» を使いましょう。 «看成» や «听成»、«当成» が魔法のキーワードです。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between general inability and circumstantial inability using Potential Complements.
-
2
By the end you will be able to: Emphasize extreme cases using the 'lián' pattern to express surprise or frustration.
-
3
By the end you will be able to: Use 'bǎ...kàn chéng...' to describe visual errors or conceptual misunderstandings.
-
4
By the end you will be able to: Correct identify and use 'jiā' as a measure word for various commercial establishments.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 我不能吃完这顿饭。(wǒ bù néng chī wán zhè dùn fàn.)
cannot, it often implies a lack of *permission* or *inherent ability*. The Potential Complement 吃不完 (chī bu wán) specifically indicates an inability to complete the action due to *circumstances* (e.g., too much food, too full).- 1✗ Wrong: 连他不知道。(lián tā bù zhīdào.)
even.- 1✗ Wrong: 我看他你的朋友。(wǒ kàn tā nǐ de péngyǒu.)
mistaking X for Yor
seeing X as Y,the 把 structure 把 + X + 看成 + Y is required. Simply using 看 doesn't convey the sense of mistaken perception.
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
How do I express "I can't finish reading this book by tomorrow" in Chinese because it's too long?
You'd use the potential complement: 我明天读不完这本书。 (wǒ míngtiān dú bu wán zhè běn shū.)
What's the main function of 连...都/也 in B1 Chinese grammar?
It's primarily used for emphasis, highlighting an extreme case or expressing surprise, often translating to
even X (does Y)or
not even X (does Y).
Besides businesses, can 家 be used for other things in Chinese?
Yes, 家 is also the standard measure word for families (一家人 - yī jiā rén) and houses (一家房子 - yī jiā fángzi), making it quite versatile.
Is 把...看成... only for literal visual mistakes, or can it be more abstract?
While often visual, 看成 can also be used abstractly to mean
to consider X as Yor
to perceive X in a certain way,like 把失败看成是学习的机会 (bǎ shībài kànchéng shì xuéxí de jīhuì - to see failure as a learning opportunity).
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (6)
ヒントとコツ (4)
商売は「家」から始まった
ニュアンスの使い分け
消える「连」
スマートに言い訳しよう
重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
A Busy Night at the Office
Review Summary
- Verb + 得/不 + Result
- 连 (lián) + Extreme Case + 都/也 + Verb
- 把 (bǎ) + A + 看成 (kàn chéng) + B
- Number + 家 (jiā) + Business
よくある間違い
While 'bù néng' means 'cannot', native speakers prefer the potential complement 'kàn bù wán' to describe being unable to finish due to time or length.
The 'mistaken action' structure requires the 'bǎ' (把) construction to move the object before the verb.
The emphasized item must come immediately after 'lián', and 'dōu' or 'yě' must follow it before the verb.
このチャプターのルール (4)
Next Steps
Congratulations! You've completed the B1 level. Your Chinese is now nuanced, expressive, and ready for real-world complexity. Keep practicing, and don't be afraid to make mistakes—even natives do!
Watch a Chinese sitcom and listen for the 'lián...dōu' pattern used in arguments.
Write 5 sentences describing mistakes you've made using 'bǎ...kàn chéng'.
クイック練習 (9)
すみません、あなたの番号を彼のものと聞き間違えました。 不好意思，我___你的号码___他的了。
把 と、「〜と聞き間違える」という意味の 听成 を組み合わせるのが正解です。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 勘違いの文法：XをYと見間違える (把...看成...)
连小猫喜欢吃这个。 (子猫でさえこれが好きです。)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜でさえ」を表す 连...都/也 (lián...dōu/yě)
最適な文を選んでください：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 会社やお店の数え方：量詞 家 (jiā)
「猫を犬と見間違えた」という意味になるのはどれ？
把 [本物: 猫] 看成 [間違い: 犬] となります。自分が何を見たのかを最初に置きます。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 勘違いの文法：XをYと見間違える (把...看成...)
「寝る時間さえありません」を正しく言っているのは？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜でさえ」を表す 连...都/也 (lián...dōu/yě)
我这周末要去试一___新开的火锅店 (今週末、新しくオープンした火鍋店に行ってみるつもりです)。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 会社やお店の数え方：量詞 家 (jiā)
Find and fix the mistake:
我听成他在哭把他在笑。
把 の後ろには名詞（句）を置きます。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 勘違いの文法：XをYと見間違える (把...看成...)
Find and fix the mistake:
那座书店的书很便宜 (あの本屋の本はとても安いです)。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 会社やお店の数え方：量詞 家 (jiā)
他太忙了，连喝水的功夫___没有。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜でさえ」を表す 连...都/也 (lián...dōu/yě)
Score: /9
