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B2 noun 11分で読める

诚然

chengran

練習する例文メモとヒント诚然 30秒で

解説诚然 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '诚然' (chéngrán) is quite advanced, but you can think of it as a very strong way to say 'yes, it's true.' Imagine you are agreeing with someone before you say 'but.' For example, if someone says 'Chinese is hard,' you could say 'Indeed (诚然), it is hard, but it is fun.' At this level, don't worry about using it yourself yet. Just recognize that the first part '诚' (chéng) means 'honest' or 'sincere.' It's like saying 'Honestly, it is so.' In simple English, it's like 'To be honest, it is true.' You might see it in very simple stories where a narrator is making a point. Just remember: it usually comes at the start and is followed by a 'but.' This word is much more formal than the 'yes' or 'really' you learn in your first few weeks. It's like the difference between saying 'Yeah' and 'It is undeniably true.' As an A1 student, just knowing it means 'truly' is a great start. Focus on the structure: [True thing], [But], [My opinion]. This logic will help you as you progress to higher levels. Even though it's a 'big word,' the logic is simple. It's about being fair in a conversation. You admit one thing is true so that you can say something else. For example: 'Indeed, it's raining, but I still want to go out.' In Chinese, this 'Indeed' is '诚然.'

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At the A2 level, you are starting to build more complex sentences. '诚然' (chéngrán) is a formal word that means 'indeed' or 'admittedly.' You won't hear it in daily life very often, but you might see it in children's books or simple news articles. It's a 'logical connector.' Think of it as a bridge. The first part of the bridge is '诚然' (the truth), and the second part is '但是' (the contrast). For an A2 learner, the most important thing is to notice that '诚然' is usually followed by a comma. It's a way to show you are being polite and smart. Instead of just saying 'No, you're wrong,' you say 'Indeed, you have a point, but...' This is a very important skill in Chinese culture—showing respect to the other side's view. You can practice by looking at simple sentences like: '诚然，他很累，但他还在工作' (Indeed, he is tired, but he is still working). Notice how '诚然' makes the sentence sound more serious and professional. If you used '虽然' (although) instead, it would mean almost the same thing, but '诚然' sounds like you are a more advanced speaker. It shows you know how to use formal vocabulary. Don't try to use it in every sentence! Use it only when you want to sound very sure and very formal. It's a 'power word' for your vocabulary. When you see '诚' (chéng), think of 'sincere.' When you see '然' (rán), think of 'so.' So, '诚然' means 'It is sincerely so.' This will help you remember the meaning.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand and occasionally use more formal connectors like '诚然' (chéngrán). This word is a 'concessive adverb.' This means it is used to concede (admit) a point. In B1 reading passages, you will often find '诚然' used to introduce a counter-argument. For example, if an article is about why people should live in cities, it might start a paragraph with: '诚然，城市生活很吵闹...' (To be sure, city life is very noisy...). This acknowledges the downside before the author explains why the city is still great. As a B1 student, you should start noticing the difference between '诚然' and '确实' (quèshí). While both can mean 'indeed,' '确实' is just for agreement. '诚然' is for 'agreement with a purpose'—usually to set up a 'but.' You should also notice that '诚然' is a written-style word (书面语). If you use it in an essay, your teacher will be impressed. It shows you are moving beyond basic 'although... but...' structures. Try to use it in your writing when you want to admit a fact that seems to go against your main argument. This makes your writing more balanced and persuasive. For example: '诚然，学习汉语很难，但是只要坚持，就一定能学好。' (Indeed, learning Chinese is difficult, but as long as you persist, you will surely learn it well.) This structure is very common in HSK 4 and 5 level materials. Pay attention to how it creates a formal, respectful tone. It's not just about the meaning; it's about the 'vibe' of the sentence. Using '诚然' makes you sound like an educated adult.

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At the B2 level, '诚然' (chéngrán) is a key vocabulary item for both reading and writing. It is a formal adverb used to acknowledge a fact as true, typically as a concession before introducing a contrasting point. At this level, you should be able to distinguish '诚然' from other similar connectors like '固然' (gùrán) and '虽然' (suīrán). While '虽然' is a neutral 'although,' and '固然' is a standard 'admittedly,' '诚然' carries a stronger sense of 'it is truly/sincerely the case.' It is often used in argumentative writing to establish common ground with the reader. For example, in a debate about technology, one might say: '诚然，人工智能带来了许多便利，但其潜在的风险也不容忽视。' (To be sure, AI has brought many conveniences, but its potential risks cannot be ignored.) The use of '诚然' here shows that the speaker is objective and has considered both sides. In B2 level exams, you will often see '诚然' in 'fill-in-the-blank' questions where you must choose the correct connector. Remember that '诚然' is almost always followed by a contrastive conjunction like '但是' (dànshì), '然而' (rán'ér), or '可是' (kěshì). You should also be aware of its register; it is strictly formal. Using it in a casual conversation would be a stylistic error unless done for ironic effect. In terms of sentence structure, it can appear at the beginning of a clause or after the subject. For instance, '这种观点诚然有道理' (This view is indeed reasonable). At B2, you should strive to incorporate '诚然' into your formal essays and presentations to demonstrate a higher level of linguistic sophistication and rhetorical skill. It helps in building a logical and persuasive narrative.

At the C1 level, your understanding of '诚然' (chéngrán) should be nuanced and deeply integrated into your stylistic repertoire. It is not merely a synonym for 'indeed' but a sophisticated rhetorical device used to manage the flow of an argument. At this level, you should appreciate how '诚然' contributes to the 'ethos' of a text. By using '诚然,' a writer demonstrates intellectual honesty and a willingness to engage with opposing viewpoints, which is a hallmark of high-level academic and professional Chinese. You should be able to use it to concede complex, multi-faceted points. For example: '诚然，在全球化背景下，文化融合是不可避免的趋势，但这并不意味着地方文化应该失去其独特性。' (Indeed, in the context of globalization, cultural fusion is an inevitable trend, but this does not mean that local cultures should lose their uniqueness.) Notice how '诚然' handles a sophisticated sociological concept. You should also be able to recognize '诚然' in classical-influenced modern prose, where it might be used more subtly without an explicit 'but,' simply to reaffirm a fundamental truth. Furthermore, you should be able to compare '诚然' with more obscure or literary alternatives like '诚哉' (chéng zāi - truly indeed!) or '固然' in its more nuanced applications. At C1, you are expected to use '诚然' in formal speeches, policy papers, and literary critiques. It is a word that signals a high degree of literacy. You should also be sensitive to the rhythm it creates in a sentence—it often provides a 'long-short' or 'weighted-unweighted' balance to the prose. In professional settings, such as legal or diplomatic contexts, '诚然' is used to acknowledge the validity of a claim while carefully limiting its scope. Mastering '诚然' at this level means knowing exactly when the weight of the word is appropriate for the gravity of the topic.

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At the C2 level, '诚然' (chéngrán) is a tool for precision and stylistic elegance. You should understand its historical roots in Classical Chinese and how it functions as a bridge between traditional rhetoric and modern analytical prose. At this level of mastery, you use '诚然' not just to follow a pattern, but to manipulate the reader's expectations and create a sophisticated 'concession-refutation' cycle. You might use it to acknowledge a philosophical premise: '诚然，人性中存在着自私的一面，但在大灾大难面前，舍己为人的光辉依然闪耀。' (Indeed, there is a selfish side to human nature, but in the face of great disasters, the brilliance of self-sacrifice still shines.) Here, '诚然' is not just a connector; it's a thematic anchor. You should also be able to identify its use in the works of early 20th-century writers like Lu Xun or Hu Shih, who used such terms to bring the precision of classical logic into the modern vernacular (Baihua). At C2, you should be able to use '诚然' to handle irony or to make a 'concession' that actually strengthens your main point by framing the counter-argument as obvious or secondary. For instance, '诚然，他的理论在细节上有所疏漏，但这丝毫不影响其整体构架的宏伟。' (Admittedly, his theory has omissions in the details, but this in no way affects the grandeur of its overall framework.) You should also be able to distinguish the subtle phonetic and rhythmic differences between '诚然,' '固然,' and '确乎' (quèhū) in literary texts. Your usage should be flawless, reserved for moments where a profound or undeniable truth needs to be acknowledged before moving to a deeper level of analysis. In high-level translation work, you would choose '诚然' to translate 'to be sure,' 'it is true that,' or 'admittedly' when the tone is elevated and the logic is rigorous. It is a word that marks you as a true master of the Chinese language's expressive and logical capabilities.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

诚然 30秒で

A formal adverb meaning 'indeed' or 'admittedly,' used to acknowledge a fact before introducing a contrast.
Essential for academic and professional writing to show balanced thinking and intellectual honesty.
Almost always paired with contrast markers like '但是' (but) or '然而' (however).
Derived from 'sincere' (诚) and 'so' (然), reflecting a sense of 'sincerely so' in formal logic.

The Chinese term 诚然 (chéngrán) is a sophisticated adverb and conjunction primarily used in formal writing and high-level discourse to acknowledge the validity of a point before transitioning to a contrasting or more nuanced perspective. While often translated as 'indeed,' 'truly,' or 'it is true that,' its functional role in a sentence is much more specific than these English equivalents suggest. It serves as a rhetorical 'concession' marker, signaling to the reader or listener that the speaker is reasonable and recognizes the obvious facts of a situation before they present their own, potentially opposing, argument. In the landscape of Chinese vocabulary, 诚然 sits comfortably within the CEFR B2 to C1 levels because it requires an understanding of complex sentence structures and argumentative logic.

Grammatical Role: Primarily functions as an adverb that modifies the entire clause, or as a conjunction that links a subordinate concessive clause to a main clause.
Semantic Nuance: It implies a sense of 'sincerity' (诚) in admitting a fact (然), often used to build ethos in an argument.
Register: Very formal. You will find it in editorials, academic papers, legal documents, and literary works, but rarely in casual texting or daily grocery shopping conversations.

诚然，这并非易事，但我们必须坚持下去。
— Translation: Indeed, this is no easy task, but we must persevere.

Historically, the word is rooted in Classical Chinese. The character 诚 (chéng) means 'sincere' or 'honest,' while 然 (rán) is a classical suffix meaning 'thus' or 'so.' Together, they literally mean 'sincerely so.' In modern usage, this has evolved into a tool for intellectual honesty. When you use 诚然, you are telling your audience: 'I am not ignoring the counter-argument; I acknowledge it is true, yet here is why my point still holds weight.'

互联网诚然带来了便利，但也产生了隐私问题。
— Translation: The internet indeed brings convenience, but it also creates privacy issues.

In a debate, using 诚然 can be a powerful move. It shows you have considered the opposition's strongest point. For example, '诚然，经济增长是重要的...' (Indeed, economic growth is important...). By starting this way, you prevent the opponent from accusing you of being narrow-minded. It is the linguistic equivalent of a respectful nod before delivering a counter-punch. This word is essential for anyone aiming for professional-level fluency in Chinese, particularly those involved in business negotiations or academic research where 'black and white' thinking is discouraged.

他的作品诚然有缺点，但其艺术价值不可否认。
— Translation: His work truly has flaws, but its artistic value is undeniable.

Common Pairing: Often paired with '但' (but), '然而' (however), or '但是' (but) to complete the logical bridge.

Using 诚然 (chéngrán) correctly requires an understanding of logical flow. Because it is a formal word, it usually appears at the beginning of a sentence or immediately after the subject to acknowledge a fact that might seem to contradict the speaker's main point. The most common structure is '诚然...但是/可是/然而...'. This 'A, but B' structure is the bread and butter of analytical writing in Chinese. Let's look at how to place it for maximum impact.

Sentence Initial Placement: When placed at the very start, it sets the stage for a concession. Example: '诚然，这个计划有风险。' (Indeed, this plan has risks.) This is the most common and clear usage.
Post-Subject Placement: Placing it after the subject makes the sentence feel slightly more integrated and fluid. Example: '这个计划诚然有风险，但收益也很大。' (This plan indeed has risks, but the benefits are also great.)

诚然，金钱不能买到幸福，但它能提供安全感。
— Translation: To be sure, money cannot buy happiness, but it can provide a sense of security.

One of the key aspects of using 诚然 is the 'weight' of the concession. You shouldn't use it for trivial matters. Saying '诚然，我喜欢苹果' (Indeed, I like apples) sounds overly dramatic and strange unless you are writing a philosophical treatise on fruit. It is reserved for significant points of debate. It often appears in the 'Conclusion' or 'Discussion' sections of academic papers where the author must acknowledge the limitations of their study. For example, '诚然，样本量有限...' (Indeed, the sample size is limited...).

这种方法诚然有效，但成本太高，不宜推广。
— Translation: This method is indeed effective, but the cost is too high for widespread promotion.

Furthermore, 诚然 can be used to emphasize a standalone truth in very high-style literature, though this is rarer. In these cases, it functions almost like 'verily.' However, for the B2 learner, focusing on the contrastive structure is the most practical path. It is also worth noting that 诚然 is more formal than 固然. While 固然 also means 'admittedly,' it is slightly more common in spoken contexts. 诚然 carries a heavier weight of 'truthfulness' and 'sincerity.'

诚然，这是一个艰巨的挑战，但我们并非没有胜算。
— Translation: Indeed, this is a daunting challenge, but we are not without a chance of winning.

Common Errors to Avoid: Do not use '诚然' and then forget the 'but' (但是/然而). Without the contrast, the sentence often feels incomplete or grammatically 'hanging' in modern Chinese logic.

If you are walking through a bustling wet market in Beijing or a trendy cafe in Shanghai, you are unlikely to hear 诚然 (chéngrán). It is not a word of the streets or the dinner table. Instead, 诚然 lives in the world of the intellect, the office, and the podium. To hear or see this word, you must look at specific domains where formal logic and persuasive rhetoric are valued.

The Newsroom: Watch CCTV News or read editorials in the 'People's Daily' (人民日报). When commentators discuss complex geopolitical issues, they use '诚然' to acknowledge the complexity of a situation before stating the government's position.
The University Lecture Hall: Professors in the humanities and social sciences use it constantly. It’s a staple of academic lectures where theories are critiqued. '诚然，马克思的理论有其时代局限性...' (Indeed, Marx's theory has its historical limitations...).

在辩论赛中，选手们经常用“诚然”来展示风度。
— Translation: In debate competitions, contestants often use '诚然' to show poise and fairness.

Another place you will frequently encounter this word is in the HSK 6 and beyond reading materials. It is a favorite of test-setters because it tests a student's ability to follow a complex logical argument. If you see 诚然 in a reading passage, your brain should immediately start looking for the contrast word that follows. This 'search and find' logic is a key skill for advanced Chinese comprehension.

书评中常见：“此书诚然精彩，但结尾略显仓促。”
— Translation: Common in book reviews: 'This book is indeed brilliant, but the ending feels a bit rushed.'

In the business world, during formal negotiations or when writing reports to upper management, 诚然 is used to soften the blow of a criticism or a difficult truth. For instance, a manager might say, '诚然，我们的销售额有所下降，但市场占有率却提高了' (Indeed, our sales have decreased, but our market share has increased). This use of the word helps maintain a professional and objective tone, focusing on facts rather than emotions.

法律文书中：诚然，被告的行为存在过失。
— Translation: In legal documents: Indeed, the defendant's actions were negligent.

Where to find it: 1. TED-style talks in Chinese. 2. LinkedIn articles by Chinese CEOs. 3. High-brow literary magazines like 'Harvest' (收获).

Even for advanced learners, 诚然 (chéngrán) can be tricky because of its specific logical requirements and formal tone. The most frequent errors involve misjudging the register, failing to provide a contrast, or confusing it with similar-sounding words. Let's break down these pitfalls to ensure your usage is flawless.

Mistake 1: The 'Dangling' Concession: Using '诚然' without a following 'but' (但是/然而) clause. In modern Chinese, '诚然' sets up an expectation of a pivot. If you just say '诚然，他很聪明。' and stop there, the listener is left waiting for the other shoe to drop. It feels like an unfinished thought.
Mistake 2: Register Mismatch: Using it in casual settings. Saying '诚然，这碗面很好吃' (Indeed, this bowl of noodles is delicious) to a friend sounds pompous or sarcastic. Stick to '确实' (quèshí) or '真的' (zhēnde) for daily life.

[Wrong]: 诚然，我明天会去学校。
Why: This is a simple fact, not a point of debate or a concession. Use '确实' instead.

Another common issue is confusing 诚然 with 固然 (gùrán). While they are very close synonyms, 固然 is slightly more flexible and can be used in less formal contexts. 诚然 is more emphatic about the *truth* of the statement. If you are describing a universal truth or a deeply held belief that you are conceding, 诚然 is better. If you are just acknowledging a common fact, 固然 might suffice.

[Wrong]: 他说话很诚然。
Why: '诚然' is an adverb/conjunction, not an adjective. To say someone speaks sincerely, use '诚恳' (chéngkěn).

Finally, learners sometimes over-translate 'indeed' from English. In English, 'indeed' can be used as a standalone exclamation ('Indeed!'). In Chinese, you cannot say '诚然！' to agree with someone. You would say '确实' or '没错'. 诚然 is a linker, not a standalone interjection. It requires context to function correctly. Mastering this word is a sign of a learner who understands the rhythm and logic of formal Chinese prose.

Summary of Pitfalls: 1. Forgetting the 'but'. 2. Using it as an adjective. 3. Using it as a standalone 'Yes!'. 4. Using it for trivial personal preferences.

To truly master 诚然 (chéngrán), you must understand its neighbors in the Chinese lexicon. Several words share the meaning of 'indeed' or 'admittedly,' but they differ in tone, frequency, and logical structure. Let's compare 诚然 with its closest relatives.

诚然 vs. 固然 (gùrán): These are very similar. '固然' is slightly more common and can be used in both formal and semi-formal contexts. '诚然' is more emphatic and formal, often used when the point being conceded is undeniably true or very significant. '固然' is the 'standard' concession; '诚然' is the 'intellectual' concession.
诚然 vs. 确实 (quèshí): '确实' simply means 'really' or 'indeed' to confirm a fact. It does NOT require a 'but' to follow. You use '确实' to agree with someone. You use '诚然' to acknowledge a point before disagreeing or adding a condition.
诚然 vs. 虽然 (suīrán): '虽然' means 'although.' It is the most basic way to show concession. '诚然' is like a high-level version of '虽然.' While '虽然' focuses on the relationship between two facts, '诚然' focuses on the speaker's admission of the truth of the first fact.

对比：
1. 他确实很努力。(He is indeed hardworking - Simple fact.)
2. 他诚然很努力，但方法不对。(He is truly hardworking, but his method is wrong - Concession.)

In some contexts, you might also consider 无可厚非 (wú kě hòu fēi - give no cause for much criticism) or 不容置疑 (bù róng zhì yí - allow no doubt) when you want to express that something is undeniably true. However, these are idioms with more specific meanings. 诚然 remains the most versatile tool for structured argumentation.

其他替代词：
- 当然 (dāngrán): Of course (more casual).
- 的确 (díquè): Indeed (similar to 确实 but slightly more formal).
- 自不待言 (zì bù dài yán): It goes without saying (very formal idiom).

In summary, choose 诚然 when you are engaged in a formal debate, writing a serious article, or want to show that you are making a sincere concession for the sake of a balanced argument. It is the 'gentleman's word' for agreement-with-a-caveat.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient texts, '然' was often used as a standalone word for 'yes' or 'to be so.' '诚然' was the polite, emphatic version.

発音ガイド

UK /tʃʌŋ zæn/ (Approximate)

US /tʃʌŋ ræn/

Equal stress on both syllables, following the rising tones.

韻が合う語

成 (chéng) 城 (chéng) 然 (rán) 燃 (rán) 蓝 (lán)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'rán' as 'lán' (common in southern dialects).
Using a falling tone for 'chéng'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in formal texts but requires understanding logical flow.

ライティング 5/5

Hard to use correctly without sounding overly formal or missing the contrast.

スピーキング 5/5

Rarely used in daily speech; mainly for presentations.

リスニング 4/5

Need to listen for the following 'but' to get the full meaning.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

虽然但是确实如果然而

次に学ぶ

固然未必况且进而甚至

上級

诚哉确乎不容置疑无可厚非毋庸置疑

知っておくべき文法

Concessive Clauses

诚然...但是... (Indeed... but...)

Adverbial Placement

Subject + 诚然 + Verb...

Sentential Adverbs

诚然，[Sentence].

Don't mix '诚然' with '嘞', '嘛' or other casual particles.

Logical Pivoting

Ensure the second clause actually contrasts with the '诚然' clause.

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レベル別の例文

诚然，这很好。

Indeed, this is very good.

'诚然' is used at the start to mean 'truly' or 'indeed.'

诚然，他是老师。

Indeed, he is a teacher.

Simple subject-predicate sentence with '诚然' adding emphasis.

诚然，天气很热。

Indeed, the weather is hot.

Used here to agree with a common observation.

诚然，我不喜欢。

Indeed, I don't like it.

'诚然' can emphasize a personal feeling.

诚然，书在桌上。

Indeed, the book is on the table.

Used to confirm the location of an object.

诚然，他是我的朋友。

Indeed, he is my friend.

Confirms a relationship.

诚然，这很贵。

Indeed, this is expensive.

Confirms a quality of an object.

诚然，我们要走。

Indeed, we have to go.

Confirms an upcoming action.

诚然，他累了，但他还在学习。

Indeed, he is tired, but he is still studying.

Introduces the 'Indeed... but...' structure.

诚然，这件衣服很漂亮，但是太贵了。

Indeed, this clothing is beautiful, but it's too expensive.

Common use of '诚然' with '但是'.

诚然，你是对的，我错了。

Indeed, you are right, and I am wrong.

Used to admit a mistake formally.

诚然，学习汉语很难，但是很有趣。

Indeed, learning Chinese is hard, but it's very interesting.

A classic concession sentence.

诚然，他很忙，但是他会来。

Indeed, he is busy, but he will come.

Confirms a state before a contrasting action.

诚然，这个地方很远，但是风景很美。

Indeed, this place is far, but the scenery is beautiful.

Balances a negative point with a positive one.

诚然，我不认识他，但我听说过他。

Indeed, I don't know him, but I've heard of him.

Uses '诚然' to clarify the extent of knowledge.

诚然，我们可以去，但要早点回来。

Indeed, we can go, but we must return early.

Sets a condition after an agreement.

诚然，金钱不能买到一切，但它确实重要。

Indeed, money cannot buy everything, but it is certainly important.

Uses '诚然' for a philosophical concession.

诚然，他的建议有道理，但实施起来很困难。

Indeed, his suggestion makes sense, but it is difficult to implement.

Formal tone appropriate for business or academic contexts.

诚然，互联网带来了便利，但也带来了风险。

Indeed, the internet has brought convenience, but it also brought risks.

Standard debate-style sentence.

诚然，这只是一个开始，但我们已经取得了进步。

Indeed, this is just a beginning, but we have already made progress.

Encouraging tone using formal concession.

诚然，失败是痛苦的，但它也能让我们成长。

Indeed, failure is painful, but it can also make us grow.

Uses '诚然' to introduce a life lesson.

诚然，由于天气原因，比赛推迟了。

Indeed, due to weather reasons, the match has been postponed.

Formal announcement style.

诚然，他的表现不错，但还需要更多练习。

Indeed, his performance was good, but he still needs more practice.

Constructive criticism using '诚然'.

诚然，这个计划还不够完美，但它是目前最好的选择。

Indeed, this plan is not yet perfect, but it is currently the best choice.

Justifying a decision with a concession.

诚然，这种新药的效果还有待进一步观察。

Indeed, the effect of this new drug remains to be further observed.

High-level academic or medical context.

诚然，经济增长是首要任务，但环境保护同样重要。

Indeed, economic growth is the primary task, but environmental protection is equally important.

Formal political or social commentary.

诚然，他的作品在技巧上无懈可击，但缺乏情感。

Indeed, his work is impeccable in technique, but lacks emotion.

Literary or artistic critique.

诚然，这一政策在短期内可能会导致失业率上升。

Indeed, this policy may lead to an increase in the unemployment rate in the short term.

Economic analysis tone.

诚然，我们不能预知未来，但我们可以做好准备。

Indeed, we cannot predict the future, but we can be prepared.

Rhetorical structure typical of speeches.

诚然，他在此次事件中负有不可推卸的责任。

Indeed, he bears an undeniable responsibility in this incident.

Legalistic and highly formal.

诚然，多元化是公司的核心价值，但执行力度仍显不足。

Indeed, diversity is a core value of the company, but the level of execution is still insufficient.

Professional corporate critique.

诚然，这种文化差异在跨国合作中是难以避免的。

Indeed, this cultural difference is unavoidable in international cooperation.

Sociological observation.

诚然，在数字化浪潮中，传统纸质书的地位受到了前所未有的挑战。

Indeed, in the wave of digitalization, the status of traditional paper books has faced unprecedented challenges.

Complex noun phrases and metaphorical language.

诚然，这种史学观点在学术界引发了广泛的争议。

Indeed, this historiographical viewpoint has sparked widespread controversy in academic circles.

Specialized vocabulary (史学观点, 引发争议).

诚然，他的辞职对公司来说是一个巨大的损失，但也是一个变革的契机。

Indeed, his resignation is a huge loss for the company, but it is also an opportunity for transformation.

Balanced professional assessment.

诚然，由于历史原因，这两个地区之间的隔阂依然存在。

Indeed, due to historical reasons, the estrangement between these two regions still exists.

Formal geopolitical observation.

诚然，任何伟大的艺术作品都无法完全脱离其时代的烙印。

Indeed, no great work of art can completely detach itself from the imprint of its era.

Philosophical and abstract language.

诚然，在追求效率的同时，我们不应忽视公平正义的原则。

Indeed, while pursuing efficiency, we should not ignore the principles of fairness and justice.

Abstract social concepts.

诚然，这一理论框架在解释某些社会现象时显得力不从心。

Indeed, this theoretical framework appears inadequate when explaining certain social phenomena.

Academic critique using idioms (力不从心).

诚然，随着全球化的深入，民族国家的界限正变得日益模糊。

Indeed, with the deepening of globalization, the boundaries of nation-states are becoming increasingly blurred.

Advanced sociological analysis.

诚然，人性之幽暗处常令人战栗，但其间闪烁的人性之光亦足以慰藉心灵。

Indeed, the dark depths of human nature often make one shudder, but the flickering light of humanity within is also enough to comfort the soul.

Highly literary and evocative prose.

诚然，这种对绝对理性的追求，在某种程度上导致了感性世界的萎缩。

Indeed, this pursuit of absolute rationality has, to some extent, led to the atrophy of the emotional world.

Philosophical discourse with specialized terminology.

诚然，历史的宏大叙事往往掩盖了微观个体的真实悲欢。

Indeed, the grand narratives of history often obscure the real joys and sorrows of micro-individuals.

Critique of historiography.

诚然，在纷繁复杂的国际局势中，寻求共识无异于缘木求鱼。

Indeed, in the complex international situation, seeking consensus is no different from seeking fish from a tree.

Uses a complex idiom (缘木求鱼) within a formal concession.

诚然，这种艺术风格的嬗变，反映了社会审美情趣的深刻变革。

Indeed, the evolution of this artistic style reflects a profound transformation in social aesthetic tastes.

Uses formal terms like '嬗变' (evolution/transformation).

诚然，法律的威严在于其公正，而公正的实现则有赖于程序的严密。

Indeed, the majesty of the law lies in its justice, and the realization of justice depends on the rigor of the procedure.

Legal philosophy.

诚然，在浩瀚的宇宙面前，人类的认知显得如此渺小而卑微。

Indeed, in the face of the vast universe, human cognition appears so tiny and humble.

Existential rhetoric.

诚然，这种对传统的解构，既是对过去的告别，也是对未来的探寻。

Indeed, this deconstruction of tradition is both a farewell to the past and an exploration of the future.

Post-modern critical terminology.

よく使う組み合わせ

诚然如此

诚然有理

诚然精彩

诚然不易

诚然可见

诚然重要

诚然存在

诚然有效

诚然危险

诚然优秀

よく使うフレーズ

诚然……但是……

— The standard 'Indeed... but...' structure.

诚然，他很聪明，但是他不努力。

诚然……然而……

— A more formal version of 'Indeed... however...'

诚然，这是一个挑战，然而我们有信心。

诚然……可是……

— A slightly softer 'Indeed... but...'

诚然，我很想去，可是我没时间。

诚然……但……

— The short version of the concession structure.

诚然有用，但太贵。

诚然……不过……

— 'Indeed... but/just that...'

诚然，他赢了，不过赢得不轻松。

诚然，事实并非如此。

— 'Indeed, the facts are not like this' (used to correct a misconception).

诚然，事实并非如此，我们需要重新调查。

诚然，这很难。

— 'Indeed, this is hard' (acknowledging difficulty).

诚然，这很难，但我们不能放弃。

诚然，你是对的。

— 'Indeed, you are right.'

诚然，你是对的，我接受你的批评。

诚然，风险很大。

— 'Indeed, the risk is great.'

诚然，风险很大，但回报也高。

诚然，时间紧迫。

— 'Indeed, time is tight.'

诚然，时间紧迫，我们必须抓紧。

よく混同される語

诚然 vs 固然

'固然' is more common and slightly less formal than '诚然.'

诚然 vs 确实

'确实' is for simple agreement, while '诚然' is for concession.

诚然 vs 虽然

'虽然' is a basic 'although,' lacking the formal 'indeed' weight of '诚然.'

慣用句と表現

"诚然如是"

— Truly it is so. Used to confirm a previous statement.

古人云：‘满招损，谦受益’，诚然如是。

Literary/Formal

"诚然不虚"

— Truly not false. Used to emphasize the absolute truth of something.

此言诚然不虚，值得深思。

Formal

"诚然有之"

— Indeed there is such a thing. Used to acknowledge an existence.

社会上诚然有之，我们不能忽视。

Formal

"诚然大方"

— Truly generous. (Note: Here '诚然' acts as a simple intensive).

他为人诚然大方，深得人心。

Archaic/Literary

"诚然可嘉"

— Truly commendable.

其精神诚然可嘉。

Formal

"诚然可畏"

— Truly formidable/awesome.

后生诚然可畏。

Literary

"诚然可信"

— Truly credible.

此证据诚然可信。

Formal

"诚然可贵"

— Truly valuable/precious.

这种品质在今天诚然可贵。

Formal

"诚然可惜"

— Truly a pity.

他没能参加，诚然可惜。

Formal

"诚然可见"

— Truly visible/evident.

其进步诚然可见。

Formal

間違えやすい

诚然 vs 诚恳

Both start with '诚'.

'诚恳' is an adjective meaning 'sincere' (of a person/attitude), while '诚然' is an adverb.

他态度很诚恳。

诚然 vs 果然

Both end with '然'.

'果然' means 'as expected,' while '诚然' means 'indeed/admittedly.'

果然下雨了。

诚然 vs 当然

Both end with '然'.

'当然' means 'of course' and is much more common and casual.

当然可以。

诚然 vs 竟然

Both end with '然'.

'竟然' means 'unexpectedly' or 'to one's surprise.'

他竟然赢了！

诚然 vs 显然

Both end with '然'.

'显然' means 'obviously.'

这显然是错的。

文型パターン

诚然，[Fact]，但是[Contrast]。

诚然，他很有钱，但是他不快乐。

[Subject]诚然[Verb/Adj]，但[Contrast]。

这个计划诚然完美，但无法实行。

诚然，[Complex Fact]，然而[Nuanced Contrast]。

诚然，全球化促进了贸易，然而它也加剧了贫富差距。

诚然，[Fact]是不可否认的，但[Contrast]。

诚然，他的贡献是不可否认的，但他也有过失。

诚然，[Philosophical Statement]，而[Deep Contrast]。

诚然，人生苦短，而艺术永恒。

诚然，[Fact]，[Fact]，但[Main Point]。

诚然，环境在变，人心在变，但真理不变。

诚然如此，[Main Point]。

诚然如此，我们还是要去。

[Statement]。诚然，[Supporting Concession]，但[Main Point]。

他是个天才。诚然，他偶尔会犯错，但他总能找到解决办法。

語族

使い方

frequency

Medium (High in written media)

よくある間違い

Using '诚然' without a following contrast. → 诚然，这个计划有风险，但是收益很大。
'诚然' sets up an expectation for a 'but' clause. Without it, the sentence feels like an unfinished thought.
Using '诚然' as an adjective (e.g., 他很诚然). → 他很诚恳。
'诚然' is an adverb/conjunction. To describe a person's sincerity, use the adjective '诚恳'.
Using '诚然' in a casual text message to a friend. → 确实，你说得对。
'诚然' is too formal for casual texting. It sounds like you're writing a legal brief to your friend.
Pronouncing it 'chéng rǎn' (falling-rising). → chéng rán (rising-rising).
Both characters are second tone (rising). Mispronouncing tones can change the meaning or make it hard to understand.
Using '诚然' as a standalone 'Indeed!'. → 确实！ or 没错！
In English, 'Indeed!' can be a standalone response. In Chinese, '诚然' must be part of a larger sentence structure.

ヒント

The Pivot Rule

Always look for the '但是' (but) or '然而' (however) after '诚然'. It's the key to the sentence's logic.

Elevate Your Writing

Replace '虽然' with '诚然' in your formal essays to sound more like a native scholar.

Show Balance

Use '诚然' to show you've considered the other side. It makes you sound more reasonable and persuasive.

Sincere Truth

Remember: 诚 (Sincere) + 然 (So) = Sincere Truth. Indeed!

Test Strategy

In HSK reading, if you see '诚然' at the start of a paragraph, the main point is usually in the second half of the paragraph.

Presentation Power

Start your 'Limitations' slide in a presentation with '诚然，我们的研究存在一些局限...'

Conjunction Function

Think of it as a logical bridge, not just a word. It connects an admitted fact to a new perspective.

Face Saving

Use it to politely acknowledge someone's opinion before you disagree with them.

诚然 vs 确实

Use '确实' for 100% agreement. Use '诚然' for 50% agreement + 50% contrast.

Don't Overuse

One '诚然' per essay is usually enough. Overusing it makes your writing feel heavy.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'CHENG' as 'CHange' and 'RAN' as 'RAN'. 'Indeed, I RAN to CHange my mind' (because I'm conceding a point!).

視覚的連想

Imagine a person bowing slightly (conceding) before pointing in a new direction.

Word Web

Indeed But Concession Formal Logic Argument Truth Contrast

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences about a controversial topic (like AI or social media) using '诚然...但是...'.

語源

From Classical Chinese. '诚' (sincere/true) + '然' (thus/so).

元の意味： Sincerely so; truly like this.

Sino-Tibetan.

文化的な背景

None, but using it in casual settings makes you sound 'stuffy' or 'nerdy.'

Similar to using 'To be sure' or 'Admittedly' at the start of a paragraph in a high-quality essay.

Often used in the 'People's Daily' editorials. Common in the prose of Lu Xun (鲁迅). Used in formal legal judgments in China.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Academic Writing

诚然，前人的研究……
诚然，本文存在局限……
诚然，这种观点……

Business Reports

诚然，市场竞争激烈……
诚然，成本有所上升……
诚然，该计划有风险……

Formal Debates

诚然，对方辩友所言……
诚然，这一事实不可否认……
诚然，我们必须承认……

Literary Critique

诚然，这部作品……
诚然，作者的意图……
诚然，这种风格……

Legal Discourse

诚然，证据显示……
诚然，被告的行为……
诚然，法律规定……

会話のきっかけ

"诚然，现在的年轻人压力很大，你觉得呢？"

"诚然，人工智能会取代一些工作，但它也会创造新机会。"

"诚然，在大城市生活很贵，但机会也多。"

"诚然，学习一门外语需要很多时间。"

"诚然，健康比金钱更重要。"

日記のテーマ

诚然，我今年犯了一些错误，但我学到了什么？

诚然，社交媒体有其负面影响，但我如何利用它的正面作用？

诚然，我的梦想很难实现，但我为什么要坚持？

诚然，环境污染是一个全球性问题，我能做些什么？

诚然，过去的一年很艰难，但我最感激的是什么？

よくある質問

10 問

Not really. It sounds too formal. Use '确实' or '没错' instead. '诚然' is for writing or speeches.

It's similar, but '诚然' is more like 'It is indeed true that...' It emphasizes that you are admitting a fact.

In 95% of modern Chinese cases, yes. It sets up a contrast. Without it, the sentence feels incomplete.

'诚然' is more formal and emphatic about the 'truth.' '固然' is more common in general writing.

No, it is an adverb or a conjunction. The prompt label 'noun' was likely a mistake.

It comes from Classical Chinese, meaning 'Sincerely so.'

Yes, it is common in HSK 5 and HSK 6 reading and writing sections.

Chéng (rising tone) and Rán (rising tone).

No, it always introduces a clause or follows a subject.

Only in period dramas or movies with very intellectual characters.

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